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高考名词易错题汇总

高考名词易错题汇总
高考名词易错题汇总

高考名词易错题汇总

一、单项选择名词

1.—The trip to Yangzhou is impressive thanks to free access to tourist attractions, isn’t it?— Well, free access is just an added _____ and the real attraction lies in its local-flavor food. A.bonus B.charge C.reward D.prize

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. bonus奖金,红利;额外令人高兴的事情;B. charge 费用,控告;C. reward报酬;D. prize奖品。句意:—扬州之旅令人印象深刻,因为可以免费进入旅游景点,不是吗?—嗯,免费进入只是一个额外的好处,真正吸引人的是它的地方风味食品。故选A。

2.Saving Private Ryan is an unforgettable anti-war film and also a story of courage and

_________ .

A.burden B.depression

C.benefit D.sacrifice

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:《拯救大兵瑞恩》是一部令人难忘的反战电影,也是一个关于勇气和牺牲的故事。A. burden负担;B. depression压抑;C. benefit好处,益处;D. sacrifice牺牲;空格处与courage并列,都应该是褒义词,再结合电影情节,故选D项。

3.An advantage of living on the top floor of a high rise building is that you can get a good

_________.

A.scene B.scenery

C.sight D.view

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:住在高楼大厦顶层的优点是你能看很好地欣赏风景。A. scene 情景B. scenery景色 C. sight 景象 D. view风景。view“风景”普遍用语,指从某个角度所看到的风景。根据句意,故D选项正确。

【点睛】

Scene:1. 某地的景色、风景,指展现在眼前的情景,也可以指scenery的一部分

4.Only when women are enabled to become strong will our families, our economies, and our societies reach their fullest .

A.distinction B.innovation

C.potential D.appreciation

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. distinction区别; B. innovation创新; C. potential潜能; D. appreciation 欣赏。句意:只有当妇女能够变得强大时,我们的家庭、经济和社会才能充分发挥其潜力。结合句意可知答案为C。

5.Because of the heavy snow, the researchers failed to reach their ________ on time as expected.

A.stage B.agreement

C.kingdom D.destination

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:由于大雪,研究人员未能如期到达目的地。A. stage阶段;B. agreement协议;C. kingdom王国;D. destination目的地,根据题意,故选D。

6.Computers cannot work without ______ from human beings.

A.expressions B.instructions

C.prescriptions D.introductions

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:没有人类的指令,计算机无法工作。A. expressions表达;B. instructions命令,指示;C. Prescriptions处方;D. introductions介绍。instructions“命令,指示”符合句意。故B选项正确。

7.Some netizens use “beat a call” as an ________ to “cheering for” to show their approval or support for others.

A.alternative B.account

C.apology D.acquaintance

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:一些网民用“打call”代替“为之欢呼”来表示对他人的赞赏或支持。A. alternative供替代的选择;B. account描述;C. apology道歉;D. acquaintance熟人。故选A。

8.When people need information, from the news and weather forecasts to travel packages and academic research, the Internet is now the first______ they turn to.

A.privilege B.source C.assistance D.outcome

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. privilege特权; B. source来源; C. assistance帮助,援助; D. outcome 结果。句意:当人们需要信息时,从新闻和天气预报到旅游套餐和学术研究,互联网现在是他们求助的第一个来源。结合句意可知答案为B。

9.The success of her book has given her high social .

A.status B.sculpture

C.approval D.figure

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:她的书的成功给了她很高的社会地位。A. status地位;B. sculpture 雕塑;C. approval批准;D. figure数字,根据题意,故选A。

10.On how to improve our spoken English, Mr. Smith has given us ______.

A.many good advices B.a number of advice

C.much advice D.some advices

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查不可数名词的用法。句意:关于如何提高我们的英语口语,史密斯先生给了我们很多建议。advice为不可数名词,需要使用much或者a lot of来修饰;A项中many修饰可数名词;B项a number of修饰可数名词复数;D项advices错误,故选C。

11.In the book, the author describes how Iran has long sought an with America. A.acceleration B.accomplishment

C.accumulation D.accommodation

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:这本书里,作者描述了伊朗如何长期与美国寻求和解。A. acceleration加速,促进;B. accomplishment成就,完成;C. accumulation积聚,累积;D. accommodation和解,膳宿。根据句意,故选D。

12.That party has been in ________ for many years and it has showed its ________ in dealing with many important problems.

A.power;energy B.power;strengths

C.force;energy D.force;strengths

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:那个政党已经执政很多年了,并且在处理许多重要问题上显现出了它的优势。in power意为“执政、当权”,故排除C.D。energy意为“能量”, strengths意为“优势”。根据翻译可知B项正确。

13.—Can you tell us your ________ for happiness and a long life?

—Living every day to the full, definitely.

A.recipe B.record C.range D.reflection

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:——能告诉我你幸福长寿的秘诀吗?——一定每天都过得充实。A. recipe秘诀;食谱;B. record记录;C. range范围;D. reflection反射;沉思。根据句意故选A。

14.As for your ________ about the shoes, sir, I will speak to the person in charge and ask him either to give you another pair or to give your money back.

A.composition B.compromise C.complaint D.concept

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. composition作文; B. compromise妥协; C. complaint抱怨; D. concept 概念。句意:先生,关于你对这双鞋的投诉,我会和负责的人谈谈,让他要么给你另一双鞋,要么把钱还给你。complaint about“对------抱怨”,故选C。

15.The knowledge and skills the trainees have learned can help them make a clear _____ between what is right and wrong.

A.distance B.distinction C.donation D.defense

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。A. distance距离;B. distinction 区别,差别;C. donation 捐款;D. defense防

卫,防护。句意:受训者所学到的知识和技能可以帮助他们区分对错。故选B。

16.The building under _____for stay-at-home children will be completed in March A.contribution B.construction

C.coincidence D.composition

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析及固定搭配。contribution贡献,捐赠,捐助;construction建造,建筑物; coincidence巧合; 一致;composition作文,作曲。句意: 正在被建的留守儿童楼将于3月竣工。本句说的是建筑物,因此要用建造中。under construction意为“(正在)修建中”,因此选B。

17.People are very frightened when they think of the in which someone is eaten by a tiger. A.sight B.scene C.view D.sign

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:人们一想到有人被老虎吃掉的情景就非常害怕。A. sight视野B. scene场景C. view视线D. sign标志。根据句意及常识,人脑海中浮现的一般是一个场景。只有B项符合。故选B。

18.Charles Darwin explained the ________ of species on earth in his book that came out in1859. A.ancestor B.origin C.belief D.custom

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意:查尔斯·达尔文在他1859年出版的书中解释了地球上物种的起源。A. ancestor祖先;B. origin起源;C. belief信仰;D. custom习惯,风俗。结合句意可知答案为B。

19.I expected to see her and was surprised by her ________.

A.existence B.absence C.entrance D.acceptance

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:我原以为会见到她,没想到她不在。A. existence存在;B. absence缺席;C. entrance入口;D. acceptance接受。由“expected to see her, surprised ”可知,absence“缺席”符合句意。故选B项。

20.During the Song Dynasty, people played a game called cuju, which is regarded as the ______ of ancient football.

A.resource B.cause C.origin D.reason

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:在宋朝,人们玩一种被称为蹴鞠的游戏,它被认为是古代足球的起源。A. resource 资源;B. cause原因;事业;C. origin起源;D. reason原因;足球是由古代的蹴鞠演变而来,也就是说蹴鞠是足球的起源。根据句意可知C项正确。

21.As global warming increases, the Earth will become less and less suited to life, and many species will face ______.

A.extinction B.direction C.calculation D.application

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:随着全球变暖的加剧,地球将越来越不适合生命生存,许多物种将面临灭绝。A. extinction灭绝,消失;B. direction指导;C. calculation计算;D. application申请;应用。结合句意,故选A。

22.New _____ continue to use ancient methods of agriculture to maintain the terraces. A.characters

B.generations

C.insects

D.tourists

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意:新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。A. characters 特点;B. generations 一代人;C.insects 昆虫;D. tourists游客。分析句子可知,新一代人继续使用古老的农业方法来维持梯田。故选B。

23.I would like to thank all of you who made the effort. It is a relief that employees so clearly show their _______ to their job. Thank you.

A.devotion B.application C.connection D.invitation

【答案】A

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:我要感谢所有付出努力的人。员工们如此热爱自己的工作让人感到欣慰。谢谢。A. devotion奉献,专心;B. application申请;C. connection联系;D. invitation邀请。devotion to 意为“献身于,热爱”,因此使用devotion符合句意,故选A。

24.Winning ________ in the international market, China’s high-quality products have brought us a good profit.

A.regulation B.devotion C.recognition D.insurance

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词。句意:在国际市场上赢得认可,中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。A. regulation规章制度;B. devotion奉献;C. recognition认可;D. insurance保险。分析句意可知,此处应表示在国际市场上赢得认可,中国的优质产品给我们带来了很好的利润。结合选项,故选C。

25.Have all the VIPs gone on _______ yet? The flight is taking off soon.

A.foot B.board C.duty D.sale

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:所有的VIP都已经登记了吗?飞机马上要起飞了。A. foot脚;

B . board 木板;C. duty义务;D. sale销售。通过后句语境可知飞机马上要起飞了,因此前句使用on board“登机”切题。故选B项。

26.Anyone who is in ________ of weapons without permission is considered law-breaking. A.command B.control C.charge D.possession

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义和短语辨析。句意:没有许可证而拥有武器的人被认为违法。A. command命令;B. control 控制;C. charge负责;D. possession拥有。根据句意可知,此处固定短语in possession of“拥有”符合语境。故选D。

27.If you want to get a good ___________, you’d better stand on the top of the hill.

A.sight B.scene

C.look D.view

【答案】D

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词辨析。句意:如果你想有一个好的视野,你最好站在山顶上。A. sight景象;B. scene场面;C. look样子;D. view视野。习惯用法:get/have a good view“有好的视野或视角”。故选D。

28.There is really no obvious____that Justin was taken by aliens.

A.defense B.evidence C.effort D.arrangement

【答案】B

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:没有明显的证据显示贾斯汀是被外星人带走的A. defense 辩护;B. evidence 证据;C. effort 努力;D. arrangement 安排。obvious evidence“明显的证据”符合句意。且evidence后接that引导的同位语从句。故B选项正确。

29.At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the study of mathematics. A.approaches B.means

C.methods D.ways

【答案】A

【解析】

试题分析:考查近义词辨析:这几个词都有“方式,方法”,但用法不同:A. approaches后面搭配to (doing sth),to是介词,B. means 和C. methods都是接of doing sth D. ways后面接of doing或to do sth,从横线后面的to the study of English grammar.可知to是介词,句意:在会议上他们讨论了三个学英语语法的不同方法。应该选A。

考点:考查近义词辨析

点评:词汇辨析是试卷中必然出现的题型,所以平时一定要把词汇放在句中进行记忆。在复习词汇的时候,要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合,按照点-线-面顺序,构建知识网络环境,对知识内容进行巩固、深化和提升,这样才能提高复习知识点的效率。这样,再做单项填空题时,就会觉得游刃有余。对于英语中的词汇用法,平时要多归纳总结,词汇用法的特殊语法规则更要特别记忆。最好把词汇放在句子中,连同句子一起记忆,这样能够加强记忆。

30.I have a deep ________ for the city where I spent my childhood.

A.admission B.addition C.affection D.adaptation

【答案】C

【解析】

【详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意:我对我度过童年的城市有着深厚的感情。A. admission承认;B. addition添加;C. affection感情;D. adaptation适应。have a(n)…affection for表示“对某人/物有着……样的感情”,故C项正确。

高考英语易错题解题方法大全:单项选择[上]

高考英语易错题解题方法大全:单项选择上 【示例1】_____ Jinan you see today is quite _____ different city from what it used to be. A. The, 不填 B. 不填, a C. The, a D. A. a 【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析:以为专有名称前不用冠词而误选B。 【解题指导】第一个空后有定语从句修饰特指今天的上海市,用the ; 是一座不同于过去的城市,所以第二个空应该用不定冠词。 【答案】本题的正确选项为C. 【练习1】—Has the little girl passed ______ P.E. test? —She has tried twice, and the teacher will allow her to have _____ third try. A. the; 不填 B. a; the C. the; a D. the; the 【错解分析】由于没有掌握序数词前用不定冠词表示“又一次,在一次”的意思而误选D。【解题指导】本题考查序数词前用不定冠词的用法.第一空特指体育测试,用定冠词;她尽管两次都未通过,但教师允许她再考一次.a+序数词表示“又.再”,故选C. 【答案】C 【示例2】His speech was hard to understand because he kept jumping from one topic to _____. A. other B. the other C. the others D. another 【错解分析】典型错误B.错因分析:选择依据可能是one … the other …这一常用结构 【解题指导】使用one … the other … 时,我们通常是针对两者而言的,即指“两者中的一个……,另一个……”;如果所谈论的情况不是针对两者而言的,而是针对多者而言的,那么我们就不宜在one 后使用the other,而考虑用another。 【答案】本题的正确选项为D. 【练习2】It’s sometimes difficult to tell one twin from _____. A. another B. some other C. other D. the other 【错解分析】误选A原因是以为另一个应该用another。 【解题指导】twin 意为“孪生子之一”、“双胞胎之一”,即指两者之一,故用one … the other … 这一结构 【答案】D 【示例3】10. “He is said to be a wise leader.” “Oh, no, he is _____ but a wise leader.” A. anything B. anyone C. anybody D. anywhere

高中地理易错题归纳

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