考博英语阅读必背核心词汇
abroad adv. ①到国外,在国外,海外②户外,在外③广泛地,到处,遍布abundant a. ①大量的,充足的②(in)丰富的,富裕的
abuse n./vt. ①滥用,妄用②虐待,伤害③辱骂,毁谤
abusive a. ①滥用的,虐待的②谩骂的,侮辱的
academic a. ①学校的,学院的②学术的③纯理论的,不切实际的n. 大学教师accompany vt. 陪伴,为…伴奏
account n. ①记述,描述,报告②账,账户③解释,说明vi. (for)①说明…的原因②(在数量、比例上)占…
accounting n. 会计学
accumulate vt. 堆积,积累,积聚vi. 累积,聚集
accuse vt. 指控,控告,谴责
acquire vt. ①取得,获得②学到
act n. ①行为,行动,动作②法令,条例③(戏剧的)(一)幕
admit vt. ①承认,供认②接纳,准许…进入(加入) vi. 承认
adoptive a. ①收养关系的,过继的②采用的,采纳的
adult n. 成年人(或动物) a. ①成年人的,适宜于成年人的②成年的,成熟的adv. ①向后②回原处,回原状③回,还④以前vt. ①使后退②支持vi. 后退,倒退
advancement n. ①前进,进步②推进,增进,促进
adventure n. ①奇遇,异乎寻常的经历②冒险,冒险活动
advocate vt. 拥护，提倡，主张n. 拥护者，提倡者，辩护者
age n. ①年龄②老年③时代,时期④[常pl.]很长的一段时间v. ①(使)变老,(使)变陈旧②(使)成熟
aging n. ①老化②成熟的过程③时效
alter v. 改变,改动,变更
analyse / analyze vt. ①分解,分析,解析②细察,细查
analysis n. 分析,分析报告
annoy vt. ①使烦恼,使生气②骚扰,打扰
anxiety n. ①忧虑,焦急,焦虑②渴望,热望
appointment n. ①约会,约定②指定,委任③职位,职务
appreciation n. ①感谢,感激②评价③欣赏,赏识④(价格)上涨,增值appropriate a. 适当的,恰如其分的vt. ①私占,侵吞,挪用②拨出(款项等)供
专用
approve vt. ①赞成,同意②批准,核准,对…表示认可vi. (常与of连用)赞成,同意
arms n. pl. ①武器,兵器②兵种
artistic a. 艺术的
assemble vt. ①召集,使集合,使聚集②装配vi. 集合,聚集
asset n. ①有价值的人(或物),优点,长处②[常pl.]资产,财产
assignment n. ①(分派的)任务,(指定的)作业②分配,指派
association n. ①协会,联盟,社团②联合,结合,交往③联想
assume vt. ①假定,假设,设想②承担,担任,就职③呈现,具有,采取
attach vt. ①系,贴,连接②使依恋,使喜爱③认为有(重要性、责任等)④使附属attend vt. ①出席,参加(会议等),上(学等)②照料,看管,关心vi. 专心于,致力于(to)
automated a. 自动化的
automatic a. ①自动的②无意识的n. 自动机械
automobile n. 汽车
available a. ①可用的,可得到的②有用的,有效的③可接受探访的
award n. 奖,奖品,奖金vt. ①授予,给予②判给,裁定
back n. ①背,背部②后面,反面③后卫a. ①后面的,背后的②向后的,反向的ban n. 禁止,禁令vt. 禁止,查禁,取缔
battle n. ①战役,战斗②斗争,决斗vi. 作战,斗争
bind vt. ①捆,绑②使结合,使粘合③使受(法规或诺言的)约束④装订
boast vi. (of, about)自夸,夸耀vt. ①夸口,吹嘘②以拥有…而自豪n. 自吹自擂,自夸的话
boom n. ①激增,繁荣,迅速发展②隆隆声,嗡嗡声vi. ①激增,繁荣,迅速发展②发出隆隆声
boost vt. ①提高,使增长②推动,激励③替…做广告,宣传n. ①提高,增长②推动,激励
2020考博英语作文实用范文三篇 【篇一】2020考博英语作文实用范文 Protecting the Intangible Cultural Heritages Like tangible cultural heritages such as the Great Wall and the Forbidden City, intangible cultural heritages like Peking Opera and Confucius- commemorating rituals are equally crucial. We should make our utmost efforts to preserve intangible heritages because, without heir physical form of existence, they are in greater risk of extinction. 如同长城、故宫之类的物质文化遗产一样，像京剧和祭孔仪式这类非物质文化遗产，也同样至关重要。 我们应不遗余力地去保护非物质遗产，因为它们在不具备物质存有的条件下，失传的可能性更加岌岌可危。 According to UNESCO's Convention for the Safeguarding of Intangible Cultural Heritage (2003), all forms of social customs and habits, folklore, performing arts, rituals, oral traditions, festivals, traditional crafts and various knowledge and practices about nature and universe can be classified as intangible cultural heritages. As a country consisting of a great diversity of ethnic groups and with time-honored history and civilization, China abounds in intangible cultural heritages. Cultural heritages connect modern people with the historical past, allowing them to acquire a cultural and historical identity. Without cultural heritages, we would be rendered absolutely rootless and we would find it hard to cope with challenges at present and in the future.
考博英语（阅读理解）-试卷80 (总分：40.00，做题时间：90分钟) 一、Reading Comprehensio(总题数：4，分数：40.00) Too much alcohol dulls your senses, but a study in Japan shows that moderate drinkers have a higher IQ than teetotalers. Researchers at the National Institute for Longevity Sciences in Aichi Prefecture, 250 kilometers west of Tokyo, tested the IQs of 2000 people between the ages of 40 and 79. They found that, on average, men who drank moderately — defined as less than 540 milliliters of sake or wine a day — had an IQ that was 3. 3 points higher that men who did not drink at all. Women drinkers scored 2. 5 points higher than female teetotalers. The type of alcohol didn't influence the results. The volunteers tried a variety of tipples, which ranged from beer and whisky to wine and sake. The researchers are quick to point out that the results do not necessarily show that drinking will make you more intelligent. "It's very difficult to show a cause-effect relationship," says senior researcher Hiroshi Shimokata. "We screened subjects for factors such as income and education, but there may be other factors such as lifestyle and nutritional intake. " Shimokata says that people who drink sake, or Japanese rice wine, tend to eat more raw fish. This could be a factor in enhanced intelligence, as fish often contain essential fatty acids that have been linked to brain development. Similarly, wine drinkers eat a lot of cheese, which is not something Japanese people normally consume or buy. Shimokata says the high fat content of cheese is thought to be good for the brain. If alcoholic drinks are directly influencing IQ, Shimokata believes chemicals such as polyphenols could be the critical factor. They are known to have antioxidant properties and other beneficial effects on ageing bodies, such as dilating constricted coronary arteries. The study is part of a wider research project to find out why brain function deteriorates with age.（分数：10.00） (1).The Japanese study was carried out on______.（分数：2.00） A.the development of IQ B.the secret of longevity C.the brain food in a glass D.the amount of healthy drinking (2).The Japanese researchers found a higher IQ in______.（分数：2.00） A.female teetotalers than in male ones B.female drinkers than in male ones C.moderate drinkers D.teetotalers (3).When he says that it is very difficult to show cause-effect relationship, Shimokata means that______.（分数：2.00） A.the study failed to involve such variables as income and education B.he is doubtful of the findings of the investigation C.there are some other contributing factors D.the results were just misleading (4).From Shimokata's mention of fish and cheese we can infer that in enhancing intelligence______.（分数：2.00） A.sake or wine is a perfect match for fish and cheese B.they promote the drinking effect of sake or wine C.they are not as effective as sake and wine D.sake or wine is not alone (5).Based on the study, Shimokata would say that______.（分数：2.00） A.intelligence improves with age
A abase[]vt.降低；贬低 例句A man who use bad language will only abase himself.说脏话者只会自贬身分。搭配abase oneself屈服，自贬 助记a（处于…状态）+base（底）→使处于底层→贬低 abash[]vt.使羞愧；使困窘 例句He refused to abash himself in the eyes of others.他不愿在他人面前被贬低。abate[]vi.减少；减轻；缓和；（法令等）被废除 例句The ship sailed when the storm abated.这船在暴风雨减弱时起航。abbreviate[]vt.缩短；缩写；简略；简化
例句The United States of America is commonly abbreviated to U.S.A.. 美利坚合众国常被缩略为U.S.A.。 abdomen[]n.腹，下腹（胸部到腿部的部分） 例句He felt a great deal of pain in his abdomen.他感觉到腹部非常痛。助记dome圆屋顶；肚子也是圆的 aberrant[]adj.不循常规的，不走正路的
例句His aberrant behavior at the party shocked everyone.他在晚会上的异常举止令所有人感到震惊。 派生aberration（n.失常） 助记ab+errant（脱离正途的）→异常的 abhor[]vt.憎恨；厌恶 例句They abhor all forms of racial discrimination.他们憎恶任何形式的种族歧视。词组abhor sth./to do sth.憎恶做某事 abide[]vi.遵守；坚持 vt.忍受
考博英语作文常用短语100个 1.经济的快速发展 the rapiddevelopment of economy 2.人民生活水平的显著提高/稳步增长 the remarkable improvement/ steady growth of people's livingstandard 3.先进的科学技术advanced science and technology 4.面临新的机遇和挑战 be faced with new opportunities and challenges 5.人们普遍认为It is commonly believed/ recognized that… 6.社会发展的必然结果 the inevitable result of social development 7.引起了广泛的公众关注 arouse wide public concern/ draw public attention 8.不可否认 It is undeniable that…/ There is no denying that… 9.热烈的讨论/争论 a heated discussion/ debate 10.有争议性的问题 a controversialissue 11.完全不同的观点 a totally different argument 12.一些人…而另外一些人… Some people… while others… 13. 就我而言/ 就个人而言 As far as I am concerned, / Personally, 14.就…达到绝对的一致 rea ch an absolute consensus on… 15.有充分的理由支持 be supported by sound reasons 16.双方的论点 argument on both sides 17.发挥着日益重要的作用play an increasingly important role in… 18.对…必不可少be indispensableto … 19.正如谚语所说 As the proverb goes: 20.…也不例外…be no exceptio 21.对…产生有利/不利的影响exert positive/ negative effects on…
2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers. Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. Obviously, the earliest teachers we have in our lives in most cases are our parents, and they are generally the most involved in the development and education of their children. Yet neither are all parents good teachers nor are those good parents the best teachers. First of all, not all parents are good teachers. As normal individuals, some parents more or less have bad habits. Even though parents almost instinctively devote themselves to cultivating their offspring, the outcome might turn out to be disappointment, for all children tend to unconsciously or subconsciously copy every thing from their parents. Another deficiency of parents as teachers is the fact that most parents are lack of common senses of education. All too often we observe some parents tend to pursue their cherished but failed dream by forcing their children to develop in a prearranged direction. Ironically, if their children did not follow the instructions, the children would be regarded as disobedient or allegedly rebellious. In fact, it is parents rather than their children that virtually disobey common senses. Moreover, some parents are qualified as good teachers, but not all of them are the best ones. When children are in the preliminary school, it is not surprising that parents are capable of teaching their children almost every subject even better than professional teachers in the school. But the situation will not last long. We live in a world where knowledge is accumulated by multiplying and at the same time becomes more and more specialized. Therefore, to be a professional in a certain field today takes much longer time than ever before. No parent is able to be professional in all fields, though they might be experts in one or more fields. Wise parents often release rather than charge their children as early as possible. They are aware of the possibility outside the family. Parents may, nevertheless, help their children much more than do good teachers. Most parts of children education are virtually beyond teachers' reaches. It is parents that supplement. Psychology studies have shown us that parents' love sometimes has astonishingly magic power to their children. Albert Einstein's mother and Forest Gump's mother are both good examples. On the other hand, parents might do their children harm more than do bad teachers as well. The natures of those children whose parents have divorced are often severely distorted. In a word, it is rather superficial to simply say that parents are the best teachers. [404 words] 4. It has been said, "Not everything that is learned is contained in books." Compare and contrast knowledge gained from experience with knowledge gained from books. In your opinion, which source is more important? Why? Both experiences and books are very essential resources, and both of them have relevant merits. Experiences are the most direct resources we ever have. Almost our every basic skill came from experiences, such as walking, articulating, reading even thinking. Without experiences, some natural born abilities even might lose. Studies have shown that a baby who was robbed by animals into forest for 12 years lost his ability to talk in human language. Furthermore, it is generally accepted that each and every skill develops by experiences, and that's why people always say practice makes perfect. Books are valuable when knowledge is beyond the scope of our experiences. Perhaps the most obvious examples are those fluent writers. They write various stories, the scopes of which are far beyond any individual's experiences. Take Joyce Carol Oates for example, her productivity has been prodigious, accumulating in less than two decades to nearly thirty titles, including novels, collections of short stories and verse, plays and literary criticism. Although some of them appear to come from her own direct observations, her dreams, and her fears, much more is clearly from the experiences of others. Her fictive world remains strikingly akin to that real one reflected in the daily newspapers, the television news and talk shows, and the popular magazines of our day. Yet either experiences or books may give us wrong information. Our direct observations always are subject to our beliefs, hopes, fears, expectations, and our bias, which might make observations unreliable. People vary in their powers of observation, and the reliability of our observations is no better than the reliability of our memories, which as we know can be deceptive. Information printed in papers sometimes is unreliable either, it may be misprinted, or even deliberately distorted. For example, Definitions such as Marxism, Capitalism, Zionism are totally different in the Oxford Learner's Dictionary of Current English between the original edition and the sanctioned Russian edition. 1
考博英语作文范文【三篇】 导读：本文考博英语作文范文【三篇】，仅供参考，如果觉得很不错，欢迎点评和分享。 【第一篇：直面困难】任何事业，大至国家事业，小至个人生活，要有所成，必然面对各类困难，这时候，良好的面对困难的品质以及解决困难的方法论方面的问题： 坚持/毅力persistence，乐观being optimistic/positive 团结合作cooperation and teamwork 踏实肯干hardworking 创新意识和好奇心innovation and curiosity 学习意识learning 保持学习习惯(keep the habit of reading and learning 行动实践能力(the ability of action and practice “一屋不扫、何以扫天下” If you cant do great things, do small things in a great way Each person whether rich or poor has his own difficulties, because life is not always full of smiles and flowers. So it is very important to have a correct attitude to face up the difficulties. Different people have different views on it. Some people just want to evade and they haven’t tried their best, so they can’t achieve success in the end. But some people believe
2015西南财经大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、西南财经大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇,30题15分 Part2:阅读理解,四篇20题40分 Part3:短文翻译,英译汉15分汉译英15分 Part4:作文,15分 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。 （2）、名额有限，可以报考，但有竞争。很多人说这样的回复不满意，认为希望很小一般会被刷。其实这样还是比较好的一种回答，最起码导师没有骗你而且给你机会去证明自己，考的好就可以上。
O 基础词汇 oak [] n. 橡树 【例句】We planned to floor our room with oak. 我们计划用橡木材料给房间铺地板。 【助记】音形均近似于acorn橡树果，橡子，oak本身就是结橡树果acorn的。 oat [] n. 燕麦 【例句】Oats is a crop grown mainly in cool climate. 燕麦是一种主要在气候凉爽地区种植的庄稼。 oatmeal [] n. 燕麦片；燕麦粥 【例句】This oatmeal lumps if you don't stir it well. 假若你不好好搅动，这麦片粥会结块的。 obesity [] n. 过度肥胖 【例句】Obesity is a problem for many people in western countries. 西方国家很多人都有过度肥胖的问题。 obey [] v. 服从，听从
【例句】They refused to obey. 他们拒绝服从。 object 1[] n. 物，物体；目的，目标；宾语；对象 【派生】objective adj. 客观的；目标的；宾格的 objective n. 目的；目标；[光] 物镜；宾格 object 2 [] v. 反对，不赞成 【例句】I object to the plan on the grounds that it is too expensive. 我反对该项计画，理由是花费太大。 【词组】object to sth. /doing sth. 反对做某事 【助记】ob（前，朝）＋ject（扔）→朝…扔→反对 objection [] n. 反对，异议；反对的理由 【例句】He has a strong objection to getting up early. 他强烈反对早起。 objective 1[] adj. 客观的，公正的；外界的，真实的
The physical distribution of products has two primary aspects:transportation and storage. Both aspects are highly developed and specialized phases of marketing.The costs of both trans-porting and storing are built into the prices of products.Transportation can be by truck, rail-way,ship,or barge.For some items,such as exotic plants and flowers,or when rapid delivery is essential,air freight may be used. Storage,or warehousing,is a necessary function because production and consumption of goods rarely match:items generally are not sold as quickly as they are made.Inventories build up, both in warehouses and at retail establishments,before the foods are sold.The transporta-tion function is involved in bringing goods to a warehouse and taking them from it to retail stores. Storage performs the service of stabilizing market price.If,for example,no agricultural product could be stored,all food would have to be put on the market immediately.This would,of course,create a glut and lower prices drastically.There would be an immediate benefit to consumers,but in the long run they would suffer.Farmers,because of low prices,would be forced off the land,and the amount of food produced would decrease.This,in turn,would raise consumer prices. Warehouses for storage are of several types.Private warehouses are owned by manufactur-ers. Public warehouses,in spite of their name,are privately owned facilities,but they are in-dependent of manufacturer ownership.General-merchandise warehouses store a great variety of products. Cold-storage warehouses store perishable goods,especially food products.Grain ele-vators are a kind of warehouse used to keep wheat and other grains from spoiling.A bonded warehouse is one that stores foods,frequently imported,on which taxes must be paid before they are sold. Cigarettes and alcoholic beverages are common examples. The distribution center is a more recently developed kind of warehouse.Many large com-panics have several manufacturing plants,sometimes located outside the country.Each plant does not make every company product but specializes in one or more of them.The distribution center allows a manufacturer to bring together all product lines in one place.Its purpose is to minimize storage and to ease the flow of goods from manufacturers to retailers rather than build up extensive inventories.It reduces costs by speeding up product turnover.Very large corporations will have several distribution centers regionally or internationally based 1.The main subject of this passage is______. A)transportation and storage B)storage of products C)distribution center
7. How do movies or television influence people's behavior? Use reasons and specific examples to support your answer. 如何将电影或电视影响人们的行为？使用原因和具体的例子来支持你的答案。 The impact that modern mass media such as movies or televisions has had on our daily life, and society in general, is undeniable. No doubt it will become even greater as the scope of mass media continues to grow, and as the relevant technologies become more and more sophisticated, and so fascinating that virtually nobody will be able to escape. Already, it can be seen how western movies are exercising influence on our youth generation: they grow long-hair regardless of their sex, commonly part of which are dyed in gold; they wear jeans in each and every season, usually knees of which are deliberately tattered; boys are fond of earrings or other odd pendants; and girls are keen on Marlboros and weird coarse languages. 在这样的电影或电视现代传媒已经在我们的日常生活产生的影响，和整个社会，是不可否认的。毫无疑问，它将成为甚至作为大众传媒的范围更大的继续增长，随着相关技术越来越先进，因此迷人，几乎没有人能够逃脱。已经，可以看到西方电影如何行使对青少年一代的影响：他们长大长头发，无论其性别，通常，其中一部分黄金染色，他们穿在每一个季节，通常是膝盖的牛仔裤故意褴褛，男孩的耳环吊坠或其他多喜欢和女孩的万宝路，怪诞的粗语言激烈。 The major means that mass media influence the public is by creating topics of discussion in the society. Mass media offers people (the consumers) issues to talk and think about. Titanic had brought a worldwide uproar by its extolling and of fascinating immortal love; Prime Color and Wag the dog met the national debate on right and duty of the president of the United States. Antiwar movies such as Tears of the Sun and All Quiet On The Western Front among numerous others have been raising the question that is any war really to uphold justice or is it really worthy that an individual makes sacrifices to his country and at the same time ignores his own family or his personal values? 大众媒体的公众影响力的主要手段，是创造了社会讨论的议题。大众媒体提供人（消费者）问题讨论和思考。泰坦尼克号带来了其迷人的赞美和不朽的爱全世界一片哗然，总理颜色和摇尾狗符合有关的权利和对美国总统职责的全国性辩论。如太阳泪和其他许多在西线无战事反战电影已经提出的问题是任何战争的真正的正义，还是很值得，个人作出的牺牲，他的国家，同时忽略他的家人或他的个人价值？ Mass media also shapes our understanding of what is important and what is not important (to know). The "important" issues are to be found on the first pages of the newspaper (/in the beginning of a television program). The "not important" stories are the ones that are not being told at all. The "not very important" stories are probably very short and hidden in the last pages. In fact censorships present all mass media including its distributing means such as the Internet. By prearranging public issue, the mass media makes decisions for us. Even though there are critical thinking individuals in any society, they are definite minority; the public in whole in deed lack skills of critical thinking, and therefore they are often led by the media. 大众媒体也影响我们对什么是重要的理解，什么是不重要的（知道）。“重要”的问题，必须对报纸的（/在一个电视节目的开始）第一页找到。“不重大”的故事是那些不被告知所有的。在“不太重要”的故事可能很短，在过去的页面隐藏。事实上，目前包括censorships分发