浅析英文专利文献中常用副词的译法
【摘要】本文结合具体实例指出了英文专利文献中here/there/where+介词构成的副词在翻译过程中比较容易出现的问题，并对出现上述问题的类型、成因、解决问题的方式以及正确的译文建议等进行了统计、归纳、分析及总结。
【关键词】专利文献副词实例
在正规公文、法律文件中，经常会遇到由here/there/where+介词构成的副词。这些副词的使用突出地反映了中英语言习惯以及思维方式的差异。其实，这些副词并不能算是什么法律术语，也不应该是很难掌握的，基本规则如下：
There + prep= prep. That/those
Here + prep= prep. This/these
Where + prep= prep. What/which
例如：thereafter=after that（time，event，etc.）.
在专利文献中，经常也会出现这类副词，比较常见的如下所示：
Thereof，therein，thereon，therewith，therefore，thereto，therefrom，thereafter/Herein，hereby，hereinafter，hereafter/Wherein，whereby。
下面将分析《新牛津英汉双解大词典》中的这些词的基本释义并举例进行说明。
1 Thereof
释义：关于……，将它，它的，在其中，关于……，由此
例句：Arranging the housing member 16 above the upper carrier rod 5 which is passed through the resin healds 7，the resin healds 7 are fitted at the upper ends thereof in the recesses 18 of the press plate 17.
译文：把外壳单元16安装在穿过树脂综线7的上支撑杆5上部，树脂综线7安装于压板17的上端部的凹槽18中。
分析：“thereof”指代的是之前提到的树脂综线7的相关部位，而不是接下来提到的压板17，可参考图1。
建议：把外壳单元16安装在穿过树脂综线7的上支撑杆5上方，树脂综线
常见职位、职务英文译名 Accounting Assistant 会计助理 Accounting Clerk 记帐员 Accounting Manager 会计部经理 Accounting Stall 会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor 会计主管 Administration Manager 行政经理 Administration Staff 行政人员 Administrative Assistant 行政助理 Administrative Clerk 行政办事员 Advertising Staff 广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff 航空公司职员 Application Engineer 应用工程师 Assistant Manager 副经理 Bond Analyst 证券分析员 Bond Trader 证券交易员 Business Controller 业务主任 Business Manager 业务经理 Buyer 采购员 Cashier 出纳员 Chemical Engineer 化学工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist 职员／接待员 Clerk Typist & Secretary 文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator 计算机资料输入员 Computer Engineer 计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator 计算机处理操作员 Computer System Manager 计算机系统部经理 Copywriter 广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager 副总经理 Economic Research Assistant 经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Engineering Technician 工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher 英语教师
中国菜的分类Classifications of Chinese Cuisine 1.八大菜系Eight Famous Cuisines 鲁菜Lu Cuisine (Shandong Cuisine) 川菜Chuan Cuisine (Sichuan Cuisine) 粤菜Yue Cuisine (Guangdong Cuisine) 闽菜Min Cuisine (Fujian Cuisine) 苏菜Su Cuisine (Jiangsu Cuisine) 浙菜Zhe Cuisine (Zhejiang Cuisine) 湘菜Xiang Cuisine (Hunan Cuisine) 徽菜Hui Cuisine (Anhui Cuisine) 2.菜品分类Types of Courses 凉菜类Cold Dishes 热菜类Hot Dishes 汤羹粥煲类Soups, Congees and Casseroles 主食和小吃Main Food and Snacks 西餐Western Cuisine 开胃菜(头盘及沙拉类)Appetizers and Salads 汤类Soups 副菜Entrées 主菜Main Courses 配菜Side Dishes 甜点Desserts 饮品Drinks 一、酒精类饮品Alcoholic Beverages 1. 国酒Chinese Wines 2. 洋酒Imported Wines 白兰地与威士忌Brandy and Whisky 金酒与朗姆酒Gin and Rum 伏特加与龙舌兰Vodka and Tequila 利口酒和开胃酒Liqueurs and Aperitifs 红酒Red Wine 二、不含酒精类饮品Non-Alcoholic Beverages 三、中国饮品文化Chinese Drinking Culture 1. 中国茶文化Chinese Tea Culture 2. 中国酒文化Chinese Wine Culture
Unit5 INDUSTRIAL ROBOT工业机器人 INTRODUCTION介绍 Industrial robots are relatively new electromechanical devices that are beginning to change the appearance of modern industry. Industrial robots are not like the science fiction devices that possess human-like abilities and provide companionship with space traveler、Research to enable robots to “see，"hear"，“touch"，and "listen" has been underway for two decades and is beginning to bear fruit. However，the current technology of industrial robots is such that most robots contain Only an arm rather than all the anatomy a human possesses. Current control only allows these devices to move from point to point in space，performing relatively simple taskes. The Robotics Institute of America defines a robot as“a reprogramrnable multifunction manipulator designed to move material，parts, tools，or other specialized devices through variable programmed motions for the performance of a variety of tasks. "' A NC machining center would qualify as a robot if one were to interpret different types of machining as different functions- Most manufacturing engineers do not consider a NC machining center a robot，even though these machines hive a number of situ- ilarities. The power drive and controllers of both NC machines and robots can be quite similar. Robots, like NC machines can he powered by electrical motors，hydraulic systems，or pnetinlat tc svsterns. Control for either device can lye either open-loop or closed-loop. In fact，many of the developments used in robotics have evolved from the NC industry，and many of the manufactur- ers of robots also manufacture NC machines or NC controllers.工业机器人是相对来说较新的机电设备， 它已经开始改变现代工业的面貌。工业机器人不像科幻小说中的那个模样具有人一样的能力并且能与
汉译英三步骤： 1.理解原文 包括原文逐字逐句的理解、对原文整体思想、观点和态度的理解，也包括对原文句子之 间和各部分之间相互关系的理解。 2.英语表达 在正确理解原文的基础上进行的，不是一对一的死译，而是在理解原文的基础上用相应 的英语结构、词汇和表达习惯准确的表达原文的意思。 3.核对检查 认真阅读自己的译文，要用挑错的眼光来检查译文是否正确表达了原文的意思，是否有 漏译、错译，译文语法如时态、语态、单复数形式和拼写上是否有错误。 汉译英翻译技巧： 1.选择恰当的英语词汇 有些英语词汇不仅有字面意思，还有内含意思。 e.g.“国家”：country, nation, state, land 分别内涵：疆土、人民、政府、感情 有些英语词汇本身含有贬义或一些委婉的意思，运用时要特别注意。 e.g.“宣传”publicize, propaganda （带贬义） 汉译英选词原则： （1）选适合上下文的词汇 e.g.“观众”：audience,viewer, spectator 分别表示：听音乐会或看戏的观众、电视观众、看体育表演的观众 “条件”不同情况下应用不同的英语词表达： 工作条件：working condition 有利的条件：favorable situation 录取条件：admission requirement 付款条件：terms of payment 词汇选择首先要忠于原文的意思。 e.g.近年来由于就业问题日益严重，有些人建议让没有工作的未婚妇女来替换那些 家务繁重的女工。 “就业问题”：employment problem, unemployment problem（找不到工作就业已 成问题，即失业问题） “没有工作的妇女”: women without jobs, women hunting for jobs（没有工作又 需要找工作的妇女，不需找工作的并不包括在内） （2）要注意词的广义、狭义、具体的意思和抽象意思的不同 e.g. ①他讲的笑话逗得我们都笑了。 ②他讲的话使我们大家都笑了。 ①His joke made us laugh. ②What he said make us laugh. We all smile at what he said. （3）选词时不要望文生义，不要死译，要考虑与汉语对应的英语词汇真正的意思。 e.g.①他们的好奇心得到了满足。
常见职务职位英文翻译 希望对你有帮助哦!总公司Head Office分公司Branch Office营业部Business Office人事部Personnel Department(人力资源部)Human Resources Department总务部General Affairs Department财务部General Accounting Department销售部Sales Department促销部Sales Promotion Department国际部International Department出口部Export Department进口部Import Department公共关系Public Relations Department广告部Advertising Department企划部Planning Department产品开发部Product Development Department研发部Research and Development Department(R&D)秘书室Secretarial PoolAccounting Assistant 会计助理Accounting Clerk 记帐员Accounting Manager 会计部经理Accounting Stall 会计部职员Accounting Supervisor 会计主管Administration Manager 行政经理Administration Staff 行政人员Administrative Assistant 行政助理Administrative Clerk 行政办事员Advertising Staff 广告工作人员Airlines Sales Representative 航空公司定座员Airlines Staff 航空公司职员Application Engineer 应用工程师Assistant Manager 副经理Bond Analyst 证券分析员Bond Trader 证券交易员Business Controller 业务主任Business Manager 业务经理Buyer 采购员Cashier 出纳员Chemical Engineer 化学工程师
附录 Present situation of access working vehicles industry and its development stratagem in China Our work in the machinery production in the late 1970s, rapid development, started the current production management enterprise with several rapidly increased to over 40, and foreign joint ventures or cooperative enterprises have five production. According to 2004 and 2005《the Chinese mechanical engineering yearbook》，2003 annual aloft working machinery industrial output for 32139 million yuan, the production of various kinds of aerial work platform 1906, aerial work platform car 7.4, In 2004, aloft working machinery industrial output for 36340 million yuan, the production of various kinds of aerial work platform 2500, car 800 sets. In recent years, through several backbone enterprise industry technical transformation, the production scale expands unceasingly, formed the respective characteristics of the products can meet the domestic market # aerial work machinery need, its main economic index of enterprise economic benefits are rising gradually, increasing. 1 Aloft working machinery industry development present situation 1.1 To improve product performance Our aloft working machinery industry backbone enterprises of some use their equipment and technology advantages, through the study, the introduction and digest its own technology and equipment, through the study, introduce advanced foreign technology and developed many new products, the products of the technical level and product quality is improving, and close to the international similar product level # promoted aloft working machinery industry in the domestic market and technological progress in competitive and market demand, the yield increased rapidly. If Beijing hoisting machine factory developed self-traveling shear fork platform, the spider type folding boom platform, aluminum mast section of the box. One box type aluminum mast section of the largest single mast operation platform will reach the height of 16.5 m, Hangzhou and engineering machine's more mast 22m reached alloy platform, hangzhou aichi engineering vehicles Co., LTD develop full hydraulic driving type self-traveling aerial work platform, the maximum height of 26.7 m homework. The above products fill the blank, domestic products have reached the international advanced level. In addition, in the car factory products, fushun crane, jinzhou heavy machinery Co., LTD, xuzhou construction machinery group and chongqing dajiang industrial (group) Co., LTD has developed over 30 aloft work, broken fire only depending on the imported products of domestic situation of the weak. 1.2 Product category and quantity increasing Our work with the mechanical product demand of national economy and the development of urban construction increased year by year, all kinds of new products increased rapidly in recent years. If Beijing hoisting machine factory in just a few short
汉译英的几种常用技巧（一）常用的翻译技巧1. 增译2. 减译（省译）3. 重复 4. 转译 5. 语序（词序/句序）调整（倒置） 6. 拆句与合并7. 正说反译, 反说正译8. 语态变换 1.增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达 方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。 这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。 英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，汉译英时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思完整。 总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。 1. I am looking forward to the holidays. 我们等待假日的到
2.Much of our morality is customary. 我们大部分的道德观念都有习惯性。 3.Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man. 读书使人充实，讨论使人机智，笔记使人精确。 4.Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. 读史使人明智，读诗使人灵秀，数学使人周密，科学使人深刻，伦理使人庄重，逻辑修辞之学使人善辩。 5. 没有调查研究就没有发言权。 He who makes no investigation and study has no right to speak. (No investigation, no right to speak.) 6. 虚心使人进步, 骄傲使人落后。 Modesty helps one to go forward, whereas conceit makes one lag behind. 7. 留得青山在, 不怕没柴烧。 So long as green hills remain, there will never be a shortage of firewood. 8. 班门弄斧 Showing off one’s proficiency with the axe before Lu Ban the master carpenter. 9. 三个臭皮匠, 顶个诸葛亮。
常见职位职务英文翻译 Accounting Assistant会计助理 Accounting Clerk记帐员 Accounting Manager会计部经理 Accounting Stall会计部职员 Accounting Supervisor会计主管 Administration Manager行政经理 Administration Staff行政人员 Administrative Assistant行政助理 Administrative Clerk行政办事员 Advertising Staff广告工作人员 Airlines Sales Representative航空公司定座员 Airlines Staff航空公司职员 Application Engineer应用工程师 Assistant Manager副经理 Bond Analyst证券分析员 Bond Trader证券交易员 Business Controller业务主任 Business Manager业务经理 Buyer采购员 Cashier出纳员 Chemical Engineer化学工程师 Civil Engineer土木工程师 Clerk/Receptionist职员／接待员 Clerk Typist&Secretary文书打字兼秘书 Computer Data Input Operator计算机资料输入员Computer Engineer计算机工程师 Computer Processing Operator计算机处理操作员Computer System Manager计算机系统部经理 Copywriter广告文字撰稿人 Deputy General Manager副总经理 Economic Research Assistant经济研究助理 Electrical Engineer电气工程师 Engineering Technician工程技术员 English Instructor/Teacher英语教师 Export Sales Manager外销部经理 Export Sales Staff外销部职员 Financial Controller财务主任 Financial Reporter财务报告人 F.X.(Foreign Exchange)Clerk外汇部职员 F.X.Settlement Clerk外汇部核算员 Fund Manager财务经理 General Auditor审计长 General Manager/President总经理
“麻婆豆腐”翻译成“Bean curd made by a pock-marked woman”(满脸雀斑的女人制作的豆腐)，“夫妻肺片”翻译成“Husband and Wife's lung slice”(丈夫和妻子的肺切片)，“童子鸡”翻译成“Chicken Without Sexual Life”(没有过性生活的鸡)……这些让中外食客啼笑皆非、莫名其妙的菜单的翻译，将在北京奥运会期间乃至以后渐渐消失，代之以最新统一的翻译方法。 此前，类似于前面所提的菜名翻译的笑话很多，再如“四喜丸子”被翻译成“四个高兴的肉团”、“红烧狮子头”被译成“烧红了的狮子头”等，不一而足。为了杜绝在奥运会期间贻笑大方，给国外游客带来不便，或引发国际笑话，北京市旅游局去年8月就拟出一份《中文菜名英文译法》的讨论稿，对外公布并征求市民建议。 通过各个途径，征求了广大民众的建议后，经过半年多的征求意见、讨论和修改，北京市旅游局日前出台了统一的《中文菜单英文译法》。北京城八区三星级以上饭店从6月12日起就可前往北京市旅游局饭店餐饮管理处领取。 据悉，《中文菜单英文译法》是为提高北京奥运会期间服务接待水平，规范北京市饭店业、餐饮业菜单英文译法而由北京旅游局和北京外办出版编辑的，对中国将近3000个菜品的名字做了英文的翻译。
记者看到，新的菜单中，有些采取了音译加描绘性说明的方式。如麻婆豆腐被翻译成了Mapo Tofu(Stir-Fried Tofu in Hot Sauce)，四喜丸子依然是“Four-Joy Meatballs”（四个高兴的肉团），不过特别加了补充说明“Meat Balls Braised with Brown Sauce”。有的采取了意译，说明了做法，如夫妻肺片的英文翻译统一为Pork Lungs in Chili Sauce，清蒸童子鸡为Steamed Spring Chicken。 奥运英语小百科：《中文菜单英文译法》 中餐Chinese Food 冷菜类Cold Dishes 白菜心拌蜇头：Marinated Jellyfish and Chinese Cabbage in Vinaigrette 白灵菇扣鸭掌：Mushrooms with Duck Feet 拌豆腐丝：Shredded Tofu with Sauce 白切鸡：Boiled Chicken with Sauce
英文翻译 机械设计 一台完整机器的设计是一个复杂的过程。机械设计是一项创造性的工作。设计工程师不仅在工作上要有创造性，还必须在机械制图、运动学、工程材料、材料力学和机械制造工艺学等方面具有深厚的基础知识。 Machine Design The complete design of a machine is a complex process. The machine design is a creative work. Project engineer not only must have the creativity in the work, but also must in aspect and so on mechanical drawing, kinematics, engineerig material, materials mechanics and machine manufacture technology has the deep elementary knowledge. 任何产品在设计时第一步就是选择产品每个部分的构成材料。许多的材料被今天的设计师所使用。对产品的功能，它的外观、材料的成本、制造的成本作出必要的选择是十分重要的。对材料的特性必须事先作出仔细的评估。 One of the first steps in the design of any product is to select the material from which each part is to be made. Numerous materials are available to today's designers. The function of the product, its appearance, the cost of the material, and the cost of fabrication are important in making a selection. A careful evaluation of the properties of a. material must be made prior to any calculations. 仔细精确的计算是必要的，以确保设计的有效性。在任何失败的情况下，最好知道在最初设计中有有缺陷的部件。计算（图纸尺寸）检查是非常重要的。一个小数点的位置放错，就可以导致一个本可以完成的项目失败。设计工作的各个方面都应该检查和复查。 Careful calculations are necessary to ensure the validity of a design. In case of any part failures, it is desirable to know what was done in originally designing the defective components. The checking of calculations (and drawing dimensions) is of utmost importance. The misplacement of one decimal point can ruin an otherwise acceptable project. All aspects of design work should be checked and rechecked. 计算机是一种工具，它能够帮助机械设计师减轻繁琐的计算，并对现有数据提供进一步的分析。互动系统基于计算机的能力，已经使计算机辅助设计（CAD）和计算机辅助制造（CAM）成为了可能。心理学家经常谈论如何使人们适应他们所操作的机器。设计人员的基本职责是努力使机器来适应人们。这并不是一项容易的工作，因为实际上并不存在着一个对所有人来说都是最优的操作范围和操作
1. 主语的确定 ?主语的三种处理方法： ?①以原句主语作译文主语 ?直接法 ?②重新确定主语 ?间接法 ?③增补主语 ?添加法 ?①直接法 ?例句1：我们的房子是一百多年前制造的。 ?Our house was built over a hundred years ago. ?例句2：我是地球人。 ?I come from the earth. ?例句3：如果不恰当地处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。 ?Exhaust from boilers and vehicles, unless properly treated, causes air pollution in cities. ?例句4：如果说，词汇是语言的“建筑材料”，那么，句子便是文章的“基本部件”。 ?If vocabulary is the “building materials” for language, sentences are the “fundamental parts” of writing. ?例句5：中国有两点是靠得住的，一是讲原则，二是说话算数。 ?China can be counted on. Among other things, first, it upholds principles and second, it honors its words. ?例句6：人有失错，马有漏蹄。 ?As a horse may tumble, a man may make mistakes. ?非常简单
?文化差异 ?应用有限 ?②间接法 ?中英文表达的习惯不同 ?语言地道，句式多样 ?例句7：世纪之交，中国外交空前活跃。 ?译法1（直接法）：At the turn of the century, China is very active in its diplomatic activities. ?译法2（间接法）：The turn of the century finds China most active on the diplomatic arena. ?例句8：1964年十月中国爆炸了第一颗原子弹，使世界大为震惊。 ?译法1：In October, 1964, China blasted its first atomic bomb, which shocked the rest of the world significantly. ?译法2：China’s first atomic blast in October, 1964 was a great shock to the rest of the world. ?例句9：胎又瘪了。 ?译法1：We’ve got another flat tire. ?译法2：Our tire is flat again. ?例句10：人不可貌相，海水不可斗量。 ?译法1：It is impossible to judge people from their appearance, and impossible to measure the ocean by pints. ?译法2：We cannot judge people from their appearance, just as we cannot measure the ocean by pints. ?回忆：海纳百川，有容乃大。 ?③增补法 ?推敲语境 ?考虑英语语法习惯和行文的需要。
如有帮助，欢迎支持。《中文菜单英文译法》 中餐Chinese Food 冷菜类Cold Dishes 热菜类Hot Dishes 猪肉Pork 牛肉Beef 羊肉Lamb 禽蛋类Poultry and Eggs 菇菌类Mushrooms 鲍鱼类Ablone 鱼翅类Shark’s Fin s 海鲜类Seafood 蔬菜类Vegetables 豆腐类Tofu 燕窝类Bird’s Nest Soup 羹汤煲类Soups 主食、小吃Rice, Noodles and Local Snacks 西餐Western Food 头盘及沙拉Appetizers and Salads 汤类Soups 禽蛋类Poultry and Eggs 牛肉类Beef 猪肉类Pork 羊肉类Lamb 鱼和海鲜Fish and Seafood 面、粉及配菜类Noodles, Pasta and Side Dishes 面包类Bread and Pastries 甜品及其他西点Cakes, Cookies and Other Desserts 中国酒Chinese Alcoholic Drinks 黄酒类Yellow Wine 白酒类Liquor 啤酒Beer 葡萄酒Wine 洋酒Imported Wines 开胃酒Aperitif 白兰地Brandy 威士忌Whisky 金酒Gin 朗姆酒Rum 伏特加Vodka 龙舌兰Tequila 利口酒Liqueurs 清酒Sake 啤酒Beer 鸡尾酒Cocktails and Mixed Drinks 餐酒Table Wine 饮料Non-Alcoholic Beverages 矿泉水Mineral Water 咖啡Coffee 茶Tea 茶饮料Tea Drinks 果蔬汁Juice 碳酸饮料Sodas 混合饮料Mixed Drinks 其他饮料Other Drinks 冰品Ice
纺织品印花常见术语的英文翻译 蒸化(aging) 自动筛网印花(automatic screen printing) 满地印花(blotch print) 烂花印花(burn—out prints) 涪烘(curing) 直接印花(direct prints) 拔染印花(discharge prints) 干法印花(dry prints) 双面印花(duplex prints) 静电荷(electrostatic charge) 静电植绒(electrostatic flocking) 按特殊要求印花(engineered print) 叠印(fall on) 平板(flatbed) 植绒印花(flock printing) 植绒(flocking) 半色调或中间色调(halftone) 手工筛网印花(hand screen printing) 热转移印花(heat--transfer printing) 喷射印花(jet printing) 机械植绒(mechanical flocking) 罩印(over print) 印花色浆(print paste) 大木印花胶浆(DM print binder) 对花(registration) 防染印花(resist printing) 滚筒印花(roller printing) 圆形筛网印花或圆网印花(rotary screen printing) 筛网印花(screen printing) 打样(strike off) 热转移印花(thermal transfer printing) 经纱印花(warp prints) 湿罩干印花(wet—On—dry) 湿罩湿印花(wet—On—wet) 湿法印花(wet prints) 印花对花准确／对花不准(print register／off register) water based printing 水印 heat transfer printing 热转移印花
各种职位的英文翻译 qa 是英文 quality assurance 的简称，中文含义是质量保证； qc 是英文 quality control 的简称，中文含义是质量控 制。 IPQC 是过程检验工程师 JQE 是品质工程师 DQA 是设计品保工程师 SQE 共货商管理工程师 Administration( 行政部分) 行政主管 File Clerk 档案管理员 行政助理 Office Manager 办公室经理 行政秘书 Receptionist 接待员 办公室文员 Secretary 秘书 Inventory Control Analyst 存货控制分析 Staff Assistant 助理 Mail Room Supervisor 信件中心管理员 Stenographer 速记员 Order Entry Clerk 订单输入文员 Telephone Operator 电话操作 员 Shipping/Receiving Expediter 收发督导员 Ticket Agent 票务代理 Vice-President of Administration 行政副总裁 Typist 打字员 Executive and Managerial( 管理部分 ) Retail Store Manager 零售店经理 Food Service Manager 食品服务经理 Executive Marketing Director 市场行政总监 HMO Administrator 医疗保险管理 Assistant Store Manager 商店经理助理 Operations Manager 操作经理 Assistant Vice-President 副总裁助理 Production Manager 生产经理 Chief Executive Officer(CEO) 首席执行官 Property Manager 房地产经理 Chief Operations Officer(COO) 首席运营官 Branch Manager 部门经理 Controller(International) 国际监管 Claims Examiner 主考官 Director of Operations 运营总监 Controller(General) 管理员 Field Assurance Coordinator 土地担保协调员 General Manager 总经理 Management Consultant 管理顾问 District Manager 市区经理 Hospital Administrator 医院管理 President 总统 Import/Export Manager 进出口经理 Product Manager 产品经理 Insurance Claims Controller 保险认领管理员 Program Manager 程序管理经理 Insurance Coordinator 保险协调员 Project Manager 项目经理 Inventory Control Manager 库存管理经理 Regional Manager 区域经理 Manager(Non-Profit and Charities) 非盈利性慈善机构管理 Service Manager 服务经理 Manufacturing Manager 制造业经理 Vending Manager 售买经理 Telecommunications Manager 电信业经理 Vice-President 副总裁 Transportation Manager 运输经理 Warehouse Manager 仓库经理 Education and Library Science( 教育部分 ) Daycare Worker 保育员 ESL Teacher 第二外语教师 Developmental Educator 发展教育家 Head Teacher 高级教师 Foreign Language Teacher 外语教师 Librarian 图书管理员 Guidance Counselor 指导顾问 Music Teacher 音乐教师 Library Technician 图书管理员 Nanny 保姆 Physical Education Teacher 物理教师 Principal 校长 School Psychologist 心理咨询教师 Teacher 教师 Special Needs Educator 特种教育家 Teacher Aide 助理教师 Art Instructor 艺术教师 Computer Teacher 计算机教师 College Professor 大学教授 Coach 教练员 Assistant Dean of Students 助理训导长 Archivist 案卷保管员 Vocational Counselor 职业顾问 Tutor 家教、辅导教师 Auditor 审计师 Accountant 会计员，会计师 Administration Assistant 行政助理 Administrator 行政主管 Assistant Manager 副经理 Assistant Production Manager 副厂长 Business Manager 业务经理 Cashier 出纳员 Chief Accountant 总会计主任 Chief Engineer 总工程师 Civil Engineer 土木工程师 Clerk 文员(文书) Director 董事 Electrical Engineer 电气工程师 Executive Director 行政董事 Executive Secretary 行政秘书 Financial Controller 财务总监 Foreman 领班，组长 General manager 总经理 Junior clerk 低级文员（低级职员） Manager 经理 Marketing Executive 市场部主任 Marketing Manager 市场部经理 Marketing Officer 市场部办公室主任 Mechanical Engineer 机械工程师 Merchandiser 买手（商人） Messenger 信差（邮递员） Office Assistant 写字楼助理（办事员） Administrative Director Executive Assistant Executive Secretary General Office Clerk