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高考英语语法精讲精练专题四介词

高考英语语法精讲精练专题四介词
高考英语语法精讲精练专题四介词

语法专题四:介词

介词又叫前置词,是一种虚词。它是高考必考点之一。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对介词考查列了一项:介词和介词短语。介词在句子中不能单独使用,只能与名词、代词等构成介词短语,在句中作状语、后置定语、表语和补语等。

2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题(语法填空)考查了介词短语by car乘汽车;第74题(短文改错)考查了介词短

语with the development of随着......的发展。

2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题(语法填空)考查了介词短语go back to回到;第78题(短文改错)考查了介词

短语dream of梦想。

2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题(语法填空)考查了介词as表示“作为”;第68题(语法填空)考查了介词by 后面接v-ing;第80题考查了介词短语in the middle of里的介词of。

I.介词分类:

III.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·介词

考点规律分析:短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。语法填空主要涉及介词的选择。

介词单句改错之真题训练:

1. Bill insisted in staying near the car.

2. Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.

3. When I have free time I go a long walk.

4.When they came down the police were angry to them.

5. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.

6. …and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popul ar.

7. I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.

8. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.

9. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.

10. We practise for three times every week.

11.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.

12. Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family.

13. I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing…

14. Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.

15. So I’m really sorry that I won’t be able to come in this time.

16. …but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.

17. For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.

18.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.

19. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.

20.I feel sorry to him.

21.Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy themselves.

22. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials…

23. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese…

24. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unha ppy every day.

25. You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet.

26. But I have spent lots my money, …

27. …you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club…

28. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about.

介词单句改错之模拟训练:

1. We must serve for the people heart and soul.

2. I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.

3. Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.

4. I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.

5. In English class, we often talk each other in English.

6. Don’t talk. What the man says is well worth listening.

7. The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.

8. She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.

9. I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.

10. Are you glad to be going to back to school?

11. On his way to home, he met one of his old friends Jack.

12. Please close the door at next time you come in.

13. Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.

14. We can finish the work either this week or in next week.

15. We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.

16. We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.

17. Don’t be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy.

18. I’ve read a lot books about a nimals.

19. He invited us to dinner, which was very kind for him.

20. I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.

21. Don’t go by plane. It’s a lot of more expensive.

22. Except milk and cheese, we all need vegetables.

23. On my way back, I called at Mr Smith at his office.

介词单句改错之提升训练:

1. His father has been ill on bed for two years.

2. During the summer vacation, he worked in the farm.

3. He is very fond of football and he is in the school football team.

4. I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher.

5. Don’t read under the strong light.

6. The killer ran away to the direction of Beijing.

7. He lives on No.124. Wuyi Road.

8. He is very angry to his son for his failing in the exam.

9. He hit me on the face.

10. He is strict to me in my work.

11. The bottle is filled of the gas.

12. London stands to the Thames.

13. His mother took pride of his great achievements.

14. There are two windows on the wall.

15. On the way home, I found I had lost the key of the door.

16. We are trying to find the answer of the problem.

17. You are required to write your story with your own words.

18. With what language did she make the speech?

19. He is the cleverest in all the students.

20. At a clear night, he went out in search of the gold.

21. He had an English party at Christmas Eve.

22. Women should be equal with men.

23. He is blind on both his eyes.

24. Uncle Tom is famous as his skill in cooking.

25. He will come back after five weeks.

26. He said that he had met us many years ago.

27. He is the tallest between the four of us.

28. I called on my uncle’s last night.

29. It is very clever for a dog to save its owner.

30. You should be beware to dangers.

介词单句语法填空之真题训练:

1.That young man is honest,cooperative,always there when you need his help. ______short,he’s reliable. 2.In addition ________ the school,the village has a clinic,which was also built with government support. 3.The dictionary is of date:many words have been added to the language since it was published. 4.My connection with pandas goes back ________ my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s.

5.My uncle says that he never dreams _______becoming rich in a short period of time.

6.Most of us are more focused_______our tasks in the morning than we are later in the day.

7.Are you interested ________ becoming a musician and getting a recording contract(合同)?

8.Five years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test ________ the beginning of a term to find out something about my students.

9.Chopsticks are not used everywhere in Asia.In India, for example, most people traditionally eat________their hands.

10.Now I am leaving home __________ college.At last, I will be on my own, but I still want to have my parents to turn to whenever I need help.

11.In high school, I became curious ________ the computer, and built my first website.

12.Find an issue you are interested in and learn more.Volunteer or, if you can, contribute a little money ________a cause.

13.The mother continued to care for the young panda________more than two years.

14.Parents should actively urge their children to take advantage________the opportunity to join sports teams.

15.Shelly-Ann is a little woman ________ a big smile.She has mental toughness that did not come about by chance.

16.The Scottish girl ________ blue eyes won the first prize in the Fifth Chinese Speech Contest.

17.Jane is in a hurry because the train to the airport leaves ________ half an hour.

18.Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to live ________ harmony with nature.

19.The whole team count ________ Cristiano Ronaldo, and he seldom lets them down.

20.Many of the things we now benefit from would not be around but ________ Thomas Edison.

21.Have you ever heard of the trees that are homes ________ animals both on land and sea?

22.Most people work because it's unavoidable._______ contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.

23.We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appeal _____our emotions than for straight facts.

24.These comments came in response_____ specific questions often asked by local newsmen.

25.This meeting room is a non-smoking area.I would like to warn you _____ advance that if you smoked here you would be fined.

学习札记:

___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

参考答案及解析

介词单句改错之真题训练:

1.in 改为 on,insist on 为固定搭配

2.at 改为 of,catch sight of是习语,意为“看见”

3.go 后加 for,go for a walk 是习语

4.to 改为 with,要表示对某人生气,英语习惯上用be angry with sb

5.去掉 for,因其前的 get 是及物动词

6.books for 改为 books on,此处的 on 意为“关于”

7.去掉 about 或将 about 改为 that,因动词 knew 后可直接跟宾语从句,无需用介词

8.for 改为 of,注意句型It’s kind of sb to do sth

9.去掉 in,在由 next, this, last 等构成的时间短语中,一般可直接用作时间状语,无需加 in, on, at 这样的介词

10.去掉 for,在表示频率的名词前通常不加介词

11.instead 后加 of,instead of 为复合介词,在此表示“而不是”

12.among 改为 in,in my family 意为“在我家里”

13.a lot 后加 of,因 a lot 不能直接修饰名词

14.on 改为 for,thanks for doing sth 意为“因某事而感谢某人”

15.去掉 in,因 this time 可直接用作状语

16.去掉 about,因 about 后没有接宾语,about 属多余

17.去掉 on,因 one night 可直接用作状语

18.去掉 at,the moment 在此用作连词,相当于 as soon as

19.去掉 in,spend 是及物动词,其后可直接跟名词作宾语

20.to 改为 for,be / feel sorry for sb 意为“为某人感到难过”

21.Because 后加 of,因 so much viewing 相当于名词

22.On 改为 In,意为“在一年中”

23.去掉 that 前的 in,was 后是一个以 that 引导的宾语从句,in 是多余的

24.to 改为 at,laugh at 意为“嘲笑”

25.kinds 后加 of,a kind of 意为“一种……”,all kind s of…意为“各种各样的……”

26.lots后加of,lots / a lot后不能接名词;后接名词时,要用lots of…,a lot of…

27.去掉 in,表示“参加,加入”某个组织,join 后不要再加介词 in;表示“参加”某项活动时,才加 in

28.on 改为 in,因为 have sth in common 是固定搭配,意为“有共同的……”

介词单句改错之模拟训练:

1. 去掉 for,serve 表示“为……服务”,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

2. 去掉 into,enter 表示“进入”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

3. 去掉 with,marry 表示“与……结婚”时,是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

4. 去掉 of,a great many后可直接跟名词,无需用介词。但若其后的名词有the, these, my 等表特指的限定词,则要用介词 of,如 a great many of my friends。

5. talk 后加 to,因 talk 为不及物动词。

6. listening 后加 to,因what the man says 是 listen to 的逻辑宾语。

7. sit 后加 on或 in,因为从逻辑上说就是 sit on/in the chair。

8. insisted 后加 on,insist 后可接从句作宾语,但不接名词、代词、动名词等作宾语,遇此情况应用 insist on。

9. 去掉 to,因 ask 是及物动词,后接宾语时无需用介词。

10. 去掉 back 前的 to,因 back 是副词,其前不用介词。

11. 去掉 home 前的 to,因 home 是副词,其前不用介词。

12. 去掉 at,因 next time 在此用作连词,意为“下次”。

13. 去掉 in,every year 可直接用作状语,其前无需用介词。

14. 去掉 in,next week 可直接用作状语,其前无需用介词。

15.instead 后加 of,instead of 为复合介词,在此表示“而没有”。

16. because 后加 of,因其后接的是名词,而不是句子。

17.to 改为 with,要表示“对某人生气”,用 be angry with sb,不用 be angry to sb。

18. a lot 后加 of,a lot of 意为“许多”。

19. for 改为 of,为 it is very kind of sb 的变体。

20. 去掉 on,the moment 在此用作连词,意为“一……就”。

21. 去掉 of,a lot 修饰比较级,a lot of 修饰名词。

22. Except 改为Besides。比较:except 表示“除……外,不再有”,besides 表示“除……外,还有”。

23. at 改为 on。比较:call at 后接某地方,call on 后接某人。

介词单句改错之提升训练:

1. on改为in。in bed为固定用法,表示“卧床休息”。

2. in 改为on。

3. in 改为on。on the team为固定用法。

4. under 改为with。with the help of表示“在……的帮助下”。

5. under改为in。“在……光线下”正确表示方法为in… light。

6. to改为in。in the direction of…表示“朝……方向”之意。

7. on改为at。

8. to改为with。表示“对某人生气”应用be angry with sb.。

9. on改为in。

10. to改为with。be strict with sb. 表示“对某人要求严格”; be strict in sth. 表示“对某事要求严格”。

11. of改为with。注意这两个词组的介词搭配be full of, be filled with。

12. to改为on。表示“在河的边沿”,用on。

13. of改为in。注意两个词组的介词搭配take pride in,be proud of

14. on改为in。

15. of改为to。the key to the door 为固定搭配。

16. of改为to。the answer to the problem为固定搭配。

17. with改为in。

18. With改为In。

19. in改为of。表比较的对象用of。表比较地点范围用in,如:in my class, in China

20. At改为On。On指具体所指的一天晚上。

21. at改为on。注意比较:at Christmas

22. with改为to。Be equal to(相等的、均等的)为固定搭配。

23. on改为in。表示眼睛瞎了要用介词in/of。

24. as改为for。be famous for表示“因某事出名”, be famous as表示“因某种身份出名”。

25. after改为in。表“将来一段时间之后”,用in。

26. ago改为before。ago以现在为起点,如:five days ago。而 before以过去某个时间为起点,如:before liberation

27. between改为among。between只能指“两者之间”。

28. on改为at。my uncle’s是“我叔叔家”的意思。

29. for改为of。如果形容词表示不定式逻辑主语的品质,性格的话,用of。

30. to 改为of。Be beware of…(当心…)为固定搭配。

介词单句语法填空之真题训练:

1.In [考查介词短语辨析。句意为:那个年轻人诚实而且善于合作,总是在你需要帮助的时候出现。总之,他是可靠的。]

2.to [句意:除了学校之外,这个村子也有诊所,也是政府资助建设的。根据上下文内容,尤其是“also”提示,可知用in addition to。]

3.out [考查“out of+名词”型介词短语辨析。句意为:这部词典过时了:自从它出版以来,这门语言已增添了许多单词。out of date意为“过时”。]

4.to [go back to为固定短语,意思是“回到,追溯到”。]

5.of或about [固定短语dream of/about (doing) sth的意思是“梦想做某事”。]

6.on [考查介词的用法。很多人早晨的注意力要比晚些时候的注意力更集中。固定短语be focused on专心于,集中于。]

7.in [be interested in...对……感兴趣,固定搭配。]

8.at [at the beginning of...在……开始。]

9.with [考查介词。固定短语:with one’s hands 用某人的手。]

10. for [ 固定搭配 leave...for 离开……去……。]

11.about [考查固定搭配be curious about...对……好奇。]

12.to [考查固定搭配contribute...to...向……捐献。]

13.for [妈妈继续照顾年轻的熊猫两年多的时间。for+一段时间。]

14.of [考查动词短语。句意:父母应积极督促孩子抓住机会加入运动队。take advantage of利用。] 15.with [用with表示带着微笑。]

16.with [考查介词。句意:这位蓝眼睛的苏格兰女孩在第五届汉语演讲大赛中获得了一等奖。with表示“有”。] 17.in [句意:简匆匆忙忙的,因为去往机场的火车半个小时之后就开了。in加上一段时间和一般将来时连用,表示的是一段时间以后。]

18.in [句意:人类被认为是自然的一部分,同样,我们要生存下去的唯一方式,就是要与大自然和谐相处。考查介词短语。in harmonious with与……和谐。]

19.on [句意:整个团队依靠Cristians Ronaldo,他很少让他们失望。固定表达count on依靠,指望。] 20.for [句意:如果没有托马斯·爱迪生的话,我们现在所受益的许多东西是不会出现的。but for如果没有的话。]

21.to [句意:你听说过既可生长在陆地上又可生长在海里的可作为动物家园的树吗?固定表达home to...是……的家园或故乡。]

22.By [句意:大多数人工作是因为无法避免,相比之下,也有一些人真的喜欢工作。固定表达by contrast相比之下。]

23.to [句意:我们倾向于对令感官兴奋的或吸引我们情感的东西记忆深刻。固定表达appeal to对……有吸引力。]

24.to [句意:这些解释是对当地记者经常询问的特定问题的回应。固定表达in response to作为对……的回答,作为对……的反应。]

25.in [句意:这个会议室是禁烟区。我想提前警告你,如果你吸烟,你会被罚款的。固定表达in advance预先,提前。]

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语法专题三:冠词 冠词是一种虚词,本身不能单独使用,通常放在一个名词的前面,帮助说明该名词的词义,冠词是高考必考内容之一。冠词有三种:定冠词(the)和不定冠词(a/an)和零冠词。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对冠词的考查:冠词的一般用法。纵观历年高考试题,试题中出现的考点主要有:冠词的位置;冠词的最基本的用法,理解泛指与类指、特指与专指的区别;冠词的习惯用法。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第72题考查的是定冠词the加在可数名词前面表示特指。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第70题(语法填空)考查的是定冠词the加在代词other前面表示特指;第78题(短文改错)考查的是将定冠词the改为不定冠词a表示泛指。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第65题(语法填空)考查的是固定短语as a result里的不定冠词a;第72题(短文改错)考查的是序数词first前面加定冠词the(根据语境也可以加代词my)。 I.冠词的基本用法: 在学习冠词的用法时,必须明确特指与泛指的概念,特指是大家都知道的所指的事物或内容;泛指是指不明确、不特别指明的或者一类中任何具有代表性的人或事物。名词前用哪一个冠词、用还是不用冠词通常取决于名词的类别和意义。也就是名词可数还是不可数、单数还是复数、特指还是泛指。它们的关系可以用下表表示: II.不定冠词的用法: III. 定冠词的用法:

IV. 零冠词的用法: V.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·冠词

考点规律分析:短文改错对冠词的考查主要涉及冠词的误加和漏用,有时也考查不定冠词与定冠词以及零冠词的用法区别(包括 a 与 an 的区别)。其中,涉及最多的是,当一个单数可数名词表示泛指时,其前漏用不定冠词;另外,冠词在一些习语中的用法也是一个重要考点。语法填空主要涉及冠词的添加与选择。 冠词单句改错之真题训练: 1. After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened. 2. I decided to climb the tree to see where we were. 3. Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports. 4. Good health is person’s most valuable possession. 5. Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings. 6. There is public library in every town in Britain. 7. Maybe you could come during a winter holidays. 8. Today I visited the Smiths — my first visit to a American family. 9. Each player must obey captain, who is the leader of the team. 10. Some wanted to see the programme while others preferred another. 11. I’ll take this chance to wish you wonderful time on your birthday. 12. Suddenly, I caught a sight of my English teacher in the crowd. 13. For example, when I was a child, the rain was a mystery(奥秘). 14. We may be one family and live under a same roof. 15. As everyone knows, it’s famous mountain with all kinds of plants and animals. 16. My teacher advised me to keep my diary. 17. When I was boy, the most exciting thing was to celebrate the Spring Festival. 18. On Thursday I will have to decide what I want to do over a weekend. 19. And every year more and more people start a stamp collection of their own and discover an interest which can even last lifetime. 20. Ten minutes later, the firemen came and put out fire. 21. As we all left home at early age,… 冠词单句改错之模拟训练: 1. Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital. 2. It was such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much. 3. It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella. 4. My friend Mary comes from an European country. 5. Mr Smith used to be physics teacher till he turned writer. 6. In small village like this, everybody knows everybody else. 7. Only few of the children can read such books. 8. For long time neither of us spoke to each other. 9. Look, a girl in blue is my cousin. 10. Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful. 11. She asked whether we came from a same city. 12. The mountain was covered with the snow all the year round. 13. You don’t know what wonderful time we’ve had. 14. People made the fun of her because she wore such strange clothes. 15. Soon the plane was out of the sight. 16. Great changes have taken the place in my hometown since 1978.

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