1 语法专题四：介词
介词又叫前置词，是一种虚词。它是高考必考点之一。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对介词考查列了一项：介词和介词短语。 介词在句子中不能单独使用，只能与名词、代词等构成介词短语，在句中作状语、后置定语、表语和补语等。
2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ第66题（语法填空）考查了介词短语by car乘汽车；第74题（短文改错）考查了介词短
语with the development of随着......的发展。
2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了介词短语go back to回到；第78题（短文改错）考查了介词
短语dream of梦想。
2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了介词as表示“作为”；第68题（语法填空）考查了介词by后面接v-ing；第80题考查了介词短语in the middle of里的介词of。
I.介词分类：
1 简单介词 about，across，after，against，among，around，at，below，beyond， during，in，on，over
2 合成介词 inside，outside，into，onto，out of， throughout， upon，within， without，nearby
3 短语介词 according to，dream of ，because of， instead of，up to，due to，owing to，
thanks to
4 双重介词 from among， from behind， from under， till after， in between，except for
5 分词转化成的介词 considering， including，concerning
6 形容词转化成的介词 like，unlike，near，next，opposite
II. 常用介词区别：
1 表示时间的in, on, at at表示片刻的时间，in表示一段的时间，on总是与日子有关
2 表示时间的since, from since 指从过去到现在的一段时间，和完成时连用，from指从时间的某一点开始
3 表示时间的in, after in指在一段时间之后，after表示某一具体时间点之后或用在过去时的一段时间中
4 表示地理位置的in, on,
to in表示在某范围内，on指与什么毗邻，to指在某环境范围之外
5 表示“在„上”的on, in on只表示在某物的表面上，in表示占去某物一部分
6 表示“穿过”的through,
across through表示从内部通过，与in有关，across表示在表面上通过，与on有关
7 表示“关于”的about, on about指涉及到，on指专门论述
8 between与among的区别 between表示在两者之间，among用于三者或三者以上的中间 2 9 besides与except的区别 besides指“除了„还有再加上”，except指“除了，减去什么”，不放在句首
10 表示“用”的in, with with表示具体的工具，in表示材料，方式，方法，度量，单位，语言，声音
11 as与like的区别 as意为“作为，以„地位或身份”，like为“象„一样”，指情形相似
12 in与into区别 in通常表示位置（静态），into表示动向，不表示目的地或位置
III.高考英语短文改错及语法填空考点分析及训练·介词
考点规律分析：短文改错对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词、可直接用作状语的副词短语前误加介词、介词与其他词的常用搭配、常用介词的基本用法、习语中的介词用法等。语法填空主要涉及介词的选择。
介词单句改错之真题训练：
1. Bill insisted in staying near the car.
2. Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men.
3. When I have free time I go a long walk.
4.When they came down the police were angry to them.
5. Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill.
6. „and some books, for example, books for history, science, cooking and gardening are also popular.
7. I never knew about a ride down a river could be so exciting.
8. It was very kind for them to meet me at the railway station.
9. In fact, they are planning to visit China in next year.
10. We practise for three times every week.
11.We must keep in mind that we play for the team instead ourselves.
12. Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family.
13. I was happy with any programme but the others spent a lot time arguing„
14. Thanks very much on inviting me to your birthday party on Sunday.
15. So I’m really sorry that I won’t be able to come in this time.
16. „but we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.
17. For instance, on one night he played strong and loud music till four o’clock in the morning.
18.I was so tired that I fell asleep at the moment my head touched the pillow.
19. His parents asked him to spend in more time preparing for the college entrance examination.
20.I feel sorry to him.
21.Because so much viewing, children may not develop the habit of reading and the ability to enjoy
themselves.
22. On one year the average child will see 25,000 television commercials„
23. The main problem was in that I always thought in Chinese„
24. I’m sure they will laugh to me and see me as a fool. So I feel unhappy every day.
25. You can find all kinds information in just a few minutes on the Internet.
26. But I have spent lots my money, „
27. „you will probably want to join in the Stamp Collectors’ Club„
28. We have a lot on common and have a lot to talk about.
介词单句改错之模拟训练：
1. We must serve for the people heart and soul. 3 2. I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.
3. Soon the nurse married with my friend Jim.
4. I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.
5. In English class, we often talk each other in English.
6. Don’t talk. What the man says is well worth listening.
7. The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.
8. She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.
9. I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.
10. Are you glad to be going to back to school?
11. On his way to home, he met one of his old friends Jack.
12. Please close the door at next time you come in.
13. Thousands of people go to the seaside in every year.
14. We can finish the work either this week or in next week.
15. We walked down the stairs instead taking the elevator.
16. We could not have heard them because the noise from the river.
17. Don’t be angry to me for not having written—I was really too busy.
18. I’ve read a lot books about animals.
19. He invited us to dinner, which was very kind for him.
20. I knew that there was no hope on the moment I saw him.
21. Don’t go by plane. It’s a lot of more expensive.
22. Except milk and cheese, we all need vegetables.
23. On my way back, I called at Mr Smith at his office.
介词单句改错之提升训练：
1. His father has been ill on bed for two years.
2. During the summer vacation, he worked in the farm.
3. He is very fond of football and he is in the school football team.
4. I have made rapid progress under the help of my teacher.
5. Don’t read under the strong light.
6. The killer ran away to the direction of Beijing.
7. He lives on No.124. Wuyi Road.
8. He is very angry to his son for his failing in the exam.
9. He hit me on the face.
10. He is strict to me in my work.
11. The bottle is filled of the gas.
12. London stands to the Thames.
13. His mother took pride of his great achievements.
14. There are two windows on the wall.
15. On the way home, I found I had lost the key of the door.
16. We are trying to find the answer of the problem.
17. You are required to write your story with your own words.
18. With what language did she make the speech?
19. He is the cleverest in all the students.
20. At a clear night, he went out in search of the gold.
