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英语中矛盾修辞法的应用与翻译

英语中矛盾修辞法的应用与翻译
英语中矛盾修辞法的应用与翻译

英语修辞手法讲解

英语19种修辞手法解读 1.Simile 明喻 明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等。 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud。 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale。 2.Metaphor 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成。 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper。 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested。 3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称。 I。以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了。 2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着。 II。以资料。工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说。 III。以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI。以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱。 4.Synecdoche 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般。 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory。(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人。 2>.He is the Newton of this century。(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿。 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap。(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配。 5.Synaesthesia 通感,联觉,移觉 这种修辞法是以视。听.触。嗅.味等感觉直接描写事物。通感就是把不同感官的感觉沟通起来,借联想引起感觉转移,“以感觉写感觉”。 通感技巧的运用,能突破语言的局限,丰富表情达意的审美情趣,起到增强文采的艺术效果。比如:欣赏建筑的重复与变化的样式会联想到音乐的重复与变化的节奏;闻到酸的东西会联想到尖锐的物体;听到飘渺轻柔的音乐会联想到薄薄的半透明的纱子;又比如朱自清《荷塘月色》里的“微风过处送来缕缕清香,仿佛远处高楼上渺茫的歌声似的”。 例如: 1>.The birds sat upon a tree and poured forth their lily like voice。(用视觉形容听觉,鸟落在树上,由它发出的声音联想到百合花)

广告英语翻译常用词语

广告英语翻译常用词汇 产品远销英国、美国、日本、意大利和东南亚,深受消费者欢迎和好评Our products are sold in Britain, America, Japan, Italy and South East Asia and well appreciated by their purchasers. 畅销全球 selling well all over the world 典雅大方 elegant and graceful 定型耐久 durable modeling 方便顾客 making things convenient for customers 方便群众 making things convenient for the people; to suit the peo ple's convenience 方便商品 convenience goods 方便生活 bringing more convenience to the people in their daily life; prov iding amenities for the people; making life easier for the popula tion 各式俱全 wide selection; large assortment

顾客第一 Customers first 顾客是我们的皇帝 We take customers as our Gods. 规格齐全 a complete range of specifications; complete in specific ations 花样繁多 a wide selection of colours and designs 货色齐全 goods of every description are available. 客商第一,信誉第一 clients first, reputation first 款式多样 a great variety of models 款式活泼端庄 vivid and great in style 款式齐全 various styles 款式新颖 attractive designs; fashionable(in) style; novel (in) de sign; up-to-date styling 款式新颖众多 diversified latest designs 美观大方 elegant appearance 美观耐用 attractive and durable 品质优良,疗效显著,誉满全球,欢迎选购 excellent quality, evident effect, good reputation over the world, orders are welcome. 品种多样 numerous in variety 品种繁多 great varieties 品种齐全 complete range of articles; a great variety of goods

英语的修辞手法英语的45种修辞手法定义解释.doc

英语中的45种修辞 (1)alliteration(押头韵):一组单词的第一个辅音相同,比如例句中四个 以l开头的单词。 ▲ Let us go forth to lead the land we love. (2)anacoluthon(错格):句子从一种结构变成另外一种结构,比如例句 由肯定结构变成疑问结构。 ▲ As a regular reader of your papers -- Why does it give so little space to science? (3)anadiplosis(联珠):将一个或一组单词重复多遍,比如例句中的servants。 ▲ Men in great place are thrice servants: servants of state, servants of fame, and servants of business. (4)anaphora(首语重复):将一个句子的开头单词或短语,在随后的句 子中重复多遍,比如例句中的we shall fight。 ▲ We shall fight on the seas and oceans, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. (5)anastrophe(词序倒装): 改变正常词序,比如例句中最后一部分, 正常词序是yet a breeze never blew up 。 ▲ The helmsman steered, the ship moved on, yet never a breeze up blew. (6)antistrophe(逆反复):在每个句子的结尾,重复相同的单词或短语, 比如例句中的without warning。& nbsp; ▲ In 1931, Japan invaded Manchuria, without warning. In 1935, Italy inv aded Ethiopia, without warning. In 1938, Hitler occupied Austria, without warning. (7)antithesis(对偶):两个或多个句子,结构相同,但含义相反,或者含 义形成对比,比如例句中的is no vice与is no virtue。 ▲ Extremism in the defense of liberty is no vice, moderation in the pursuit of justice is no virtue. (8)aporia(假装疑问):假装表示疑问,做出对某件事情好象不太肯定的

常用专业术语翻译

1.素质教育:Quality Education 2. EQ:分两种,一种为教育商数Educational quotient,另一种情感商数Emotional quotient 3. 保险业:the insurance industry 4. 保证重点指出:ensure funding for priority areas 5. 补发拖欠的养老金:clear up pension payments in arrears 6. 不良贷款:non-performing loan 7. 层层转包和违法分包:mutlti-level contracting and illegal subcontracting 8. 城乡信用社:credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas 9. 城镇居民最低生活保障:a minimum standard of living for city residents 10. 城镇职工医疗保障制度:the system of medical insurance for urban workers 11. 出口信贷:export credit 12. 贷款质量:loan quality 13. 贷款质量五级分类办法:the five-category assets classification for bank loans 14. 防范和化解金融风险:take precautions against and reduce financial risks 15. 防洪工程:flood-prevention project 16. 非法外汇交易:illegal foreign exchange transaction 17. 非贸易收汇:foreign exchange earnings through nontrade channels 18. 非银行金融机构:non-bank financial institutions 19. 费改税:transform administrative fees into taxes 20. 跟踪审计:foolow-up auditing 21. 工程监理制度:the monitoring system for projects 22. 国有资产安全:the safety of state-owned assets 23. 过度开垦:excess reclamation 24. 合同管理制度:the contract system for governing projects 25. 积极的财政政策:pro-active fiscal policy 26. 基本生活费:basic allowance 27. 解除劳动关系:sever labor relation 28. 金融监管责任制:the responsibility system for financial supervision 29. 经济安全:economic security 30. 靠扩大财政赤字搞建设:to increase the deficit to spend more on development 31. 扩大国内需求:the expansion of domestic demand 32. 拉动经济增长:fuel economic growth 33. 粮食仓库:grain depot 34. 粮食收购企业:grain collection and storage enterprise 35. 粮食收购资金实行封闭运行:closed operation of grain purchase funds 36. 粮食销售市场:grain sales market 37. 劣质工程:shoddy engineering

新闻英语标题翻译欣赏及汉译

新闻英语标题翻译:欣赏及汉译 我们在阅读英语报刊时,不仅要学会看借新闻标题,而且最好还能善于欣赏并翻 译新闻标题,惟有如此,我们才能较正确地理解英语新闻标题的词汇、语法及修辞等 特点,判断出标题的寓意。 欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题时应该兼顾三个方面:准确理解标题,领悟其妙处;适 当照顾译文特点,增强可读性;重视读者的接受能力。欣赏或翻译英语新闻标题,对 于不太熟悉英语国家历史、文化背景的读者来说,有时并不是很容易的。许多妙不可 言的精彩之处,一疏忽就可能从眼皮底下滑过去。因此,这就要求我们平时注意积累,不断熟悉英语国家的历史掌故、文艺作品以及英语的修辞手段等等。一旦真的领会并 译出了英语标题中作者苦心营造的深奥内涵,那份喜悦不亚于数学家攻克一道难题。 一、直译或基本直译 如果英语标题的含义明白、直接,译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难,则可直译或基本直译。如: Looking Back To Look Ahead. 回首往昔展望未来。 America's Careening Foreign Policy. 摇摆不定的美国对外政策。 Bill Clinton Assumes Office In White House As Us President. 比尔,克林顿入主白宫,就任美国总统。(或译:克林顿入主白宫,新总统始掌 大权。) Olympics Begin In Style; Swimmer Takes 1st Gold. 奥运会隆重开幕泳将夺首枚金牌。

二、添加注释性词语 即使是明白易懂的新闻标题,我们在汉译时也常需酌情加上逻辑主语,或新闻人物的国籍、消息的事发地点等等。总之,应兼顾中英语新闻标题之异同,适当增补有关介绍性、注释性词语以利读者理解,避免产生误会。例如: Li Elected Cppcc Head. 李(瑞环)当选为全国政协主席。 Lewis, Xie Voted World's Top Two. 路(易斯)谢(军)当选世界最佳男女(运动员)。 Emperor's Visit A Milestone In Bilateral Ties. 天皇访华:(中日)双边关系的里程碑。 Quake Death Toll Tops 5000. (日本限神地区)地震死亡人数己逾五千。 Young Wheelers, Big Dealers. 青年摩托车手成了(保险公司)大主顾。 三、体现原文修辞特点 如果英语标题寓意于某种修辞手段,如双关、比喻、押韵等,译成汉语以后中国读者不至于产生理解上的困难,则应尽可能体现原标题的修辞特色。如: 押韵:After The Boom Everything Is Gloom.

英语中19种修辞手法及解释

明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用 like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等. 例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow. 2>.I wandered lonely as a cloud. 3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale. 隐喻,暗喻 隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成. 例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper. 2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested. 借喻,转喻 借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称. I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.

2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着. II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说. III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集 VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱. 提喻 提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般. 例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory.(部分代整体) 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century.(特殊代一般) 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap.(整体代部分) 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.

翻译常用词汇

翻译常用词汇 高枕无忧resting without worries 史无前例unprecedented in the history 不可一世a conquering hero 毫不示弱equally firmly 量体裁衣to act according to actual circumstances 一刀两断to cut it clean 与虎谋皮to ask a tiger for its skin 六亲不认to disown all one’s relatives and fri ends 英雄本色the true quality of a hero 英雄所见略同Great minds think alike. 每逢佳节倍思亲On festive occasions more than ever we think of our dear ones faraway. 上有好,下必有其焉。What the superior loves, his inferiors will be found to love exceedingly.大江东去,浪淘尽,千古风流人物。The Great River flows to the east: Its waves have washed away all the men of untrammeled spirit of a thousand ages. 上兵伐谋,其次伐交。What is supremely important in war is to attack the enemy’s strategy. Next best is to disrupt his alliances. 问君能有几多愁,恰似一江春水向东流。I wonder how many sorrows you have. They are exactly like the Yangtze River unceasingly flowing eastward in spring. 千呼万唤始出来,犹抱琵琶半遮面。Only after a thousand entreaties does she appear. Her face half hidden behind the guitar (pipa) in her arms. 吃得苦中苦,方为人上人。Only if you can stand the hardest of hardships can you hope to rise in society. 是非经过不知难You never know how hard a task is almost until you have done it yourself. 满招损Pride goes before a fall. / Pride spells failure. 适可而止Bind the sack before it be full. 好汉做事好汉当A true man has the courage to accept the consequences of his own actions.知己知彼,百战不殆。To know one’s and the enemy’s situation ensures victory. 牵扯之覆,后车之鉴。The overturned car ahead is a warning to the ones behind. 山雨欲来风满楼The wind sweeping through the tower heralds a rising storm in the mountains. 是故学然后知不足,教然后之困。Therefore, to learn makes us realize our deficiency, and to teach makes us know the difficulties. 人尽其才、地尽其利、物尽其利、货畅其流。Our human, land and material resources should be used to the best advantage, and our goods should be in good circulation. 父母有抚养教育未成年子女的义务,成年子女有赡养扶助父母的义务。Parents have the duty to rear and education their children who are minors, and children who have come of age have the duty to support and assist their parents. 中华人民共和国公民有劳动的权利和义务。Citizens of the P eople’s Republic of China have the right as well as the duty of work. 各民族公民都有用本民族语言文字进行诉讼的权利。Citizens of all nationalities have the right to use the spoken and written languages of their own nationalities in court proceedings.

新闻英语翻译研究文献综述复习进程

新闻英语翻译研究文献综述 新闻英语,即“新闻报道文章中所使用的英语,具有新闻特性、适合新闻报道要求、适应新闻信息传播需要的语言”(张建,2004),成为了对外宣传的重要工具,特别是进入新世纪以来,对新闻翻译这一领域的关注日益增强,近年来,我国学者关于这方面的研究也逐渐逐渐多元化,从现有文献来看,主要集中在新闻本身的文体特点及翻译方法、新闻翻译理论、新闻翻译原则等方面。 1 新闻文体特点及翻译方法的研究文献综述 徐泉、王婷(2001)总结出新闻文体的如下特点:1.用词新颖,精巧别致;2.句式多样富于弹性;3.巧用时态,布局呼应;4.频繁使用被动语态,重点突出;5.结构合理层次分明;6.善用修辞,讲求效果。就语法层面的翻译而言,李侠(2004)分析了英语新闻句子的四大特点:1.信息量大;2.结构简单; 3.语法手段丰富;4.名词修饰语前置。李认为在翻译英语新闻时,必须遵循汉英两种语言的规律和使用习惯,努力增强译作的准确性和可读性,并提出了英语新闻句子汉译的3种方法: 1.化长为短; 2.调整句子中各部分的顺序与敢减敢删;3.使用四字格结构。曾尼(2010)从新闻英语的标题、词汇和时态及语态的角度,论述了新闻英语的一些文体特征。比如,由于报刊篇幅有限,新闻事件在语法方面的一个重要特点就是句型的高度扩展,结构严谨,句式简短精练,语言简洁是受人们称赞并为人们所追求的风格。郑连勋、郑堃(2011)认为新闻英语的问题与其他形式的新闻问题相同,拥有许多属于自己的独特语言。在理解其用词特点的基础上面,代词、复合词、外来词等应用方式,也是新闻英语用词方面的关键,从英语新闻报道展开分析,以借代词、引申词、复合词、外来词、小词语缩略词、临时造词等方面为例探讨了英语新闻当中的用词特点。 不少学者就这些文体特点的翻译进行了单项阐述。王治江(2001)提出了新闻外来词语音译中应注意的原则,即人名和地名中翻译要统一,不仅要译出指称意义,还要译出联想意义,但要避免产生贬义联想。范晓航(2003)

英语修辞赏析

英语修辞赏析 英语中的修辞决非“文学语言”之专利,它已渗透到各种体裁,各类文体。即使是在Internet上,我们每日也能欣赏到五光十色、美不胜收的英语修辞。如:1. U.S. stocks decline; global markets churn(平行结构)2. Hurricane Bonnie hammers Carolina coast(比喻)等。再以科技英语为例,原本一本正经、味同嚼蜡的中科技英语也经常闪现修辞的光彩,如:Electric power becomes the servant of man only after the motor was invented.(只是在电动机发明之后,电力才开始造福人类。)再如:Alloys belong to a half-way house between mixture and compounds.(合金是介于混合物和化合物的中间物质。)英语广告对于修辞的运用更是“穷凶极恶”。如:What is your choice when inflation is slowly eroding the value of your nest eggs? (这是一家投资公司的广告,它把你平日的积蓄比作nest eggs,比喻独到,形象鲜活。)再如:Wash the big city right out of your hair. (广告里的big city即刻让人意识到the dirt of the big city,生动形象。) 英语的修辞可以分为消极修辞和积极修辞两大类。 一、消极修辞(Passive Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些没有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧,它与语法、语言结构和词汇的关系密切,只是为了修辞和立意新颖的缘故,对之做了一些调整。举一种情况进行说明:为了增加文采,强化文章的表现力,常常避免重复使用同一个词汇,而另选他词。这种无固定格式可循的消极修辞手段被称为Elegant V ariation(求雅换词)。 求雅换词的手法之一是大字小用,或小词大用。如:Don’t take the low-fat label as a license to eat. 句子写得精彩,最难忘的是其中license一词。它是用途很广的大词。用在这里给人一种“头小帽大”的感觉,新颖别致。译文很难挽留此韵。(不能因为食品标明低脂肪,而敞开食用。)再如:If the term sounds unscientific to 20th-century ears, let us remember there is a definite connection between marshy lands and malaria… (如果这个术语对生活在20世纪的人听来不科学的话,那就让我们记住在沼泽地和疟疾之间有一定的联系……)。求雅换词的手法之二是科技词汇和日常用词的“错位”。如:Na?ve rats and frogs are said to have reacted wildly to such proposed experimented situation. Na?ve用于现代生物学时的含义为:not previously subjected to experimentation or a particular experimented situation.(据说,首次用来作实验的鼠和蛙对这种设定的环境改变都有剧烈反应。)再如:However, there are plenty of people who like tennis. It is the megagame. Mega的含义是兆,百万,是一个科技英语的词缀。使用在这里新义溢出。(但是许许多多的人喜欢网球,这是一项十分普及的运动。) 二、积极修辞(Active Rhetoric Techniques) 它主要指那些有相对固定格式的修辞性写作技巧。常见分类如下: 1.词义修辞格(Lexical Stylistic Devices)

2019英语四级翻译常用词汇:教育词汇

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教育界 education circle 教育投入 input in education 九年义务教育 nine-year compulsory education 考研 take the entrance exams for postgraduate schools 课外活动 extracurricular activities 必修课 required/compulsory course 选修课 elective/optional course 基础课 basic courses 专业课 specialized courses 课程表 school schedule 教学大纲 teaching program; syllabus 学习年限 period of schooling 学历 record of formal schooling 学分 credit 启发式教学 heuristic teaching 人才交流 talent exchange 人才战 competition for talented people 商务英语证书 Business English Certificate (BEC) 适龄儿重入学率 enrollment rate for children of school age 升学率 proportion of students entering schools of a higher grade; enrollment rate

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浅析英语中的矛盾修辞法结构手段

第5卷第1期浙江工贸职业技术学院学报V ol.5 No.1 2005年3月JOURNAL OF ZHEJIANG INDUSTRY&TRADE POLYTECHNIC Mar.2005       浅析英语中的矛盾修辞法结构手段    徐国盛  (浙江工贸职业技术学院 , 浙江 温州 325003)    摘要:矛盾修辞法是一种特殊的语言现象。语言的逻辑性要求语言使用者在同一思维过程中不能前后相互矛盾。然而,在实际语言的运用过程中,我们有时会发现两个意义相反、互相矛盾或者不调和的词并列在一起使用,形成矛盾修辞法,表达看似互相矛盾互相对立的概念,而实际却蕴涵着令人深省的深刻哲理。本文列举了英美文学作品中的一些典型例证,阐述了矛盾修辞法的几种结构形式。  关键词:矛盾修辞法;构成形式;修辞作用  中图分类号: H310.42 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-0105(2005)-01-0091-05    Analysis of Oxymoron  Xu Guosheng  (Zhejiang Industry &Trade Polytechnic Wenzhou Zhejiang 325003)  Abstract: Oxymoron is a kind of special language phenomenon. Language user could not be contradicting himself in what he said because of language logic. However, we usually put antonyms or some contradicting words together. From the superficial point of view, this form is self-contradictory but in fact it contains a profound philosophy. The author expounds the forms of oxymoron by analyzing examples in English and American works.  Keywords: Oxymoron; Forms; Rhetoric function    一、引文  oxymoron是英文中的一种修辞手段,它运用两个正好相反的词或词素构成一种表达方式来描述某种现象、某种事物或某种人物。oxymoron一词源于希腊文的Oxus(锋利)+ moros(愚蠢的)意为“突出的荒谬”(pointedly foolish)。  从语义学角度分析矛盾修辞法,oxymoron中词语组合不符合规则,两个词的意义是相互矛盾的,不和谐的。根据语义学成份分析的公式,词项的意义是对一些符合真值条件的特征组合。例如:a male woman 这个表达法违反了语义规则。利用语义特征分析woman这个词,可以看出这是由〔+ Human〕(〔+ 人物〕), 〔+ Adult 〕(〔+ 成人〕),〔- Male〕(〔- 男性〕)等特征构成,在这个短语中出现了互相对立的语义特 收稿日期:2004-09-23 作者简介:徐国盛(1965- ),男,副教授,硕士。

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英语中常见的修辞手法

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暗喻也是一种比喻,但不用比喻词,因此被称作缩减了的明喻(a compressed simile)。它是根据两个事物间的某些共同的特征,用一事物去暗示另一事物的比喻方式。本体和喻体之间不用比喻词,只是在暗中打比方,从而更生动、更深刻地说明事理,增强语言的表现力。例如: I will do anything I can to help him through life's dangerous sea.(我将全力帮助他穿越人生的惊涛骇浪。)(第二册第三单元课文A) Consider that the same cultural soil producing the English language also nourished the great principles of freedom and right of man in the modern world.(想想吧,孕育英语的文化土壤也同样为当今世界培育了自由和人权准则。)(大学英语第二册第七单元课文A) Each letter was a seed falling on a fertile heart. A romance was budding.(每一封信就像落在肥沃土地上的种子,浪漫之花含苞待放。)(大学英语第一册地五单元课文A) 3 转喻(the metonymy) 转喻是通过相近的联想,借喻体代替本体。转喻是比隐喻更进一步的比喻,它根本不说出本体事物,直接用比喻事物代替本体事物。例如: The buses in America are on strike now.美国的公共汽车司机正在罢工(这里buses 喻指司机drivers)。“Well,”said the doctor.“I will do all that science can accomplish. But whenever my patient begins to count the carriages in her funeral porcession I subtract 50 per cent from the curative power of medicines.”(“好吧,”医生说,“我会尽力做到科学能做到的,但每当我的病人开始数自己葬礼上的马车时,药物的疗效就会减掉一半。”)(大学英语第三册第六单元课文A) 4夸张(the exaggeration) exaggeration -英汉双向大词典 D.J.[?g?z?d???re???n] - exaggeration n. 1.夸张,夸大 2.夸张的言语;夸张的手法 - Exaggeration n. 夸张;夸大 把事物的特征,有意地加以夸大或缩小,就叫夸张,即采用“言过其实”的说法,使事物的本质特征更好地呈现出来。英语中夸张修辞格,应用极为频繁。夸张的功能是突出事物的本质特征,因而给人强烈印象或警悟、启发。例如:

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