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8年级上英语语法重点和知识点归纳

8年级上英语语法重点和知识点归纳
8年级上英语语法重点和知识点归纳

新人教版八年级英语上册知识点分类归纳总结

新目标八年级英语上册语法复习

1)(多义词:离开;留下;遗忘)

1.“leave+地点”表示“离开某地”。例如:When did you leave Shanghai 你什么时候离开上海的?

2.“leave for+地点”表示“动身去某地”。例如:Next Friday Alice is leaving for London. 下周五,爱丽斯要去伦敦了。

3.“leave+地点+for地点”表示“离开某地去某地”。例如:Why are you leaving Shanghai for Beijing 你为什么要离开上海去北京?

4 leave sth +地点把某物遗忘在哪里

I left my bags in the car. 我把包遗忘在车里。

2)情态动词should “应该” 情态动词

1. 用于表示“应该”或“不应该”的概念。此时常指长辈教导或责备晚辈。例如:You should be here with clean hands. 你应该把手洗干净了再来。

2. 用于提出意见劝导别人。例如:You should go to the doctor if you feel ill. 如果你感觉不舒服,你最好去看医生。

3. 用于表示可能性。should 的这一用法是考试中常常出现的考点之一。

例如:We should arrive by supper time. 我们在晚饭前就能到了。

She should be here any moment. 她随时都可能来。

3)What... 与Which...

1. what 与which 都是疑问代词,都可以指人或事物,

但是what 仅用来询问职业。如:What is your father 你父亲是干什么的?该句相当于:What does your father do ?

Which 指代的是特定范围内的某一个人。如:---Which is Peter 哪个是皮特?---The boy behind Mary. 玛丽背后的那个男孩。

2. What... 是泛指,所指的事物没有范围的限制;

而Which... 是特指,所指的事物有范围的限制。

如:What color do you like best(所有颜色)你最喜爱什么颜色?

Which color do you like best,blue,green or yellow?你最喜爱哪一种颜色?(有特定的范围)

4)频度副词的位置

1.常见的频度副词有以下这些:always(总是,一直)often(常常,经常)never (从不)usually(通常)sometimes(有时候)

2.频度副词的位置:

a. 放在be动词、或情态动词后面。如:David is often late for school.

He can often watch TV.

b. 放在行为动词前。如:We usually go to school at 7:10 every day.

c. never 放在句首时,主语、谓语动词要倒装。如:Never have I been there.

我从没到过那儿。

5)every day 与everyday

1. every day 作状语,译为“每一天”。如:We go to school at 7:10 every day.

I decide to read English every day.。

2. everyday 作定语,译为“日常的”。

She watches everyday English on TV after dinner. 她晚饭后在电视上看日常英语。

What’s your everyday activity 你的日常活动是什么?

6)什么是助动词

1帮助动词构成谓语的词叫助动词(Auxiliary Verb)。助动词自身没有词义,不可单独使用。

例如:

He doesn’t like English. 他不喜欢英语。(doesnt 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义)

Do you like college life 你喜欢大学生活吗?(do 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,)

Did you study English before you came here 你来这儿之前学过英语吗?(did是构成过去时的助动词,无词义,;study 是主要动词,有词义)

I don’t like him. (don’t 是助动词,无词义;like 是主要动词,有词义)

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。(do是助动词起加强语气作用),例如:

He did know that. 他的确知道那件事。(did是助动词起加强语气作用)

7)forget doing/to do 与remember doing/to do

1.forget to do 忘了要做某事(未做);

forget doing 忘记做过某事(已做)

The light in the office is still on. He forgot to turn it off. 办公室的灯还在亮着,他忘记关了。He forgot turning the light off. 他忘记他已经关了灯了。

Dont forget to come tomorrow. 别忘了明天来。

典型例题---- The light in the office is still on. ---- Oh,I forgot___.

A.turning it off

B. turn it off

C. to turn it off

D. having turned it off

答案:C。

2.remember to do 记得去做某事(未做);

remember doing 记得做过某事(已做)

Remember to go to the post office after school. 记着放学后去趟邮局。

Don’t you remember seeing the man before 你不记得以前见过那个人吗

8)It’s +形容词+for sb.和It’s +形容词+of sb

1.. 若形容词表示事物的特征,就用for sb. 如:easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等:

Its very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。

It’s very important for us to learn English well. 学好英语对于我们来说很重要

2. 若形容词表示人物的性格,品德就用of sb,如:good,kind,nice,clever,foolish,right。

Its very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我,你真是太好了。

9)对两个句子的提问

新目标英语在命题中有将对句子划线提问这一题型取消的趋势,现在采取的作法是对一个句子进行自由提问。

例如:句子:The boy in blue has three pens.

提问:1. Who has three pens 2. Which boy has three pens 3. What does the boy in blue have 4. How many pens does the boy in blue have 很显然,学生多了更多的回答角度,也体现了考试的灵活性。

再如:句子:He usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday. 提问:

1. Who usually goes to the park with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday

2. Where does he usually go with his friends at8:00 on Sunday

3. What does he usually do with his friends at 8:00 on Sunday

4. With whom does he usually go to the park at 8:00 on Sunday

5. What time does he usually go to the park with his friends on Sunday

6. When does he usually go to the park with his friends

10)s o +形容词+a/an+名词。

Such +a/an+形容词+名词

如:He is so funny a boy. = He is such a funny boy.

Jim has so big a house. = Jim has such a big house.

It is such a nice day.

That was such an interesting story.

11)使用-ing 分词的几种情况

1.在进行时态中。

如:He is watching TV in the room. They were dancing at nine o’clock last night.

2.在there be 结构中。如:There is a boy swimming in the river.

3.在have fun / problems / difficulty doing 结构中(做某事有乐趣/ 问题/ 困难)。如:We have fun learning English this term.

They had problems getting to the top of the mountain.

4.在介词后面。如:Thanks for helping me.

Are you good at playing basketball?

He is thinking about going to London

介词:at, in, on, over, above, under, below, from, to, up, down, through, across

by, with, before, after,

5.在以下结构中:

enjoy doing sth 乐于做某事finish doing sth 完成做某事

feel like doing sth 想要做某事try doing sth 试着做某事

stop doing sth 停止做某事need doing sth 需要做某事

forget doing sth 忘记做过某事prefer doing sth 宁愿做某事

go on doing sth 继续做某事mind doing sth 介意做某事

remember doing sth 记得做过某事miss doing sth 错过做某事

like doing sth 喜欢做某事practice doing sth 练习做某事

keep sb doing sth 使某人一直做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事

find sb doing sth 发现某人做某事cant help doing sth禁不住做某事

see/hear/watch sb doing sth 看到/听到/观看某人做某事

12)名词的复数构成的几种形式

名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。

I 名词复数的规则变化

1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如:pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees

2.以字母-s -sh -ch -x 结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如:class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes

3.以字母-o 结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。如:potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes hero---heroes其他以o结尾的单词复数加s.

4.以辅音字母加-y 结尾的名词,将-y 变为-i再加-es。如:family---families dictionary---dictionaries city---cities country---countries

5.以字母-f 或-fe 结尾的名词,将-f 或-fe 变为-v,再加-es。如:half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves

但是:roof 屋顶---roofs serf 奴隶---serfs gulf 海湾---gulfs chief 首领---chiefs proof 证据---proofs belief信念---beliefs

II 名词复数的不规则变化

1.将-oo 改为--ee。如:foot---feet tooth---teeth

2.将-man 改为-men。如:man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen

3.添加词尾。如:child---children

4.单复数同形。如:sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish people---people

5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s 加后面”。如:Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss

Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen

American---Americans Australian---Australians Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians

6.其它。如:mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees

man teacher---men teachers

14)双写最后一个字母的-ing 分词初中阶段常见的有以下这些:

1.let→letting 让forget→forgetting 忘记

hit→hitting 打、撞put→putting 放

cut→cutting 切、割set→setting 设置

get→getting 取、得到babysit→babysitting sit→sitting 坐临时受雇照顾婴儿shop→shopping 购物stop→stopping 停止

trip→tripping 绊倒,旅行drop→dropping 放弃

begin→beginning 开始swim→swimming 游泳

prefer→preferring 宁愿run→running 跑步

plan→planning 计划dig→digging 挖、掘

15)肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词

1.some 变为any。

如:There are some birds in the tree.→There aren’t any birds in the tree. / Are there any birds in the tree? 但是,若在表示请邀请、请求或者得到对方的肯定答复的句子中,some 可以不变。如:Would you like some orange juice 与此相关的一些不定代词如something somebody 等也要进行相应变为anything / anybody。

. 2.already 变为yet

Already (已经,用于肯定句),

Yet (还,已经,用于否定句)

如:I have already been the re.→I haven’ t been there yet.

16)in 与after

in 与after 都可以表示‘过多久后”,但二者有所区别。

1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。

如:He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。

2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。

如:He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。

不过,如果after 后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。

如:We will finish the work after ten o’clock.十点后我们会完成工作的。

3.注意区分以下的in 的用法。

I’ll visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访他。

I’ll visit him twice in a week. 一周内我会去拜访他两次。

17)不定冠词a 与an 的使用

1.a 用在以辅音音素开头的单词前,.an 用于以元音音素开头的单词前(切记是指的单词的首字母英标发音,而不能单独看是不是元音字母开头)

.如a useful book an hour an honest person

a universe an uncle a one-letter word

an umbrella an orange an egg

18)如何表达英语中的“穿、戴”?

英语中表示“穿、戴”的表达方法有好几种,常见的有以下这些:

1、put on 主要表达“穿”的动作。如:He put on his coat.他穿上了他的外套。

2、wear 主要表示“穿、戴”的状态。如:The old man wears a pair of glasses.老人戴着一副眼镜。The girl is wearing a red skirt.那女孩穿着一条红色的短裙。

3、dress 可作及物动词,有“给......穿衣”的意思,后接“人”,而不是“衣服”。如:Please dress the children right now.请立即给孩子们穿上衣服。dress 也可作不及物动词,表示衣着的习惯。如:The woman always dresses in green.那位妇女总是穿绿色的衣服。

4、be in 表示穿着的状态。如:John is in white today.约翰今天穿白色的衣服。The man in black is a football coach.

19)a little ,a few 与a bit / a bit of

a little ,a few 与a bit of 都有“一些、少量”的意义。他们的区别:

1. a little 意为“一些、少量”,后接不可数名词

如:There is a little water in the bottle. 瓶子里有一点水。还可以接形容词。如:He is a little shy. 他有些害羞。

2. a few 意为“一些、少数”,后接复数的可数名词。

如:There are a few people in the room. 房间里有一些人。

3. a bit 意为“一点儿”,后接形容词。如:Its a bit cold. 有点冷。

a bit of 后接不可数名词。如:He has a bit of money. 他有一点儿钱。

4. a little 和a few 表肯定意义,little 和few 表否定意义;

如:There is a little soda in the glass. 杯子里有一点儿汽水。

There is little soda in the glass. 杯子里几乎没有汽水了。

I have a few Chinese friends. 我有一些中国朋友。

Few people like him. 几乎没有人喜欢他。

5. a little / a bit of 后接不可数名词;

a little / a bit /a little bit / kind of 后还可接形容词,意为“有点儿”。

20)关于like 的用法like 可以作动词,也可以作介词。

1、like 作动词,表示一般性的“爱好、喜欢”,有泛指的含义。

like doing表示习惯上喜欢干。。

like to do表示具体某一次喜欢去干。。

I like swimming but i don't like to swim today .

Would you like sth / to do sth表示愿望或客气的请求。“你想要。。。。/ 你想做。。。吗?

如:Would you like a cup of tea 您愿意喝杯茶吗?

Would you like to go shopping with me? 你想和我去购物吗

2、like 作介词,可译成“像......”。如:

She is friendly to us like a mother.她对我们.

It looks like an orange.它看起来像个桔子。

3、区分以下句子:

A. What does he look like? 他长相如何?(指一个人的外貌特征)

B. What is he like? 他人怎么样?(指人的性格特点)

C. The boy like Peter is over there. (句指外貌相似)

D. A boy like Peter can't do it. (指性格相似)

21) stop to do sth 与stop doing sth

1. stop to do sth 意为“停下正在做的去做另一件事”。如:

The students stop to listen to their teacher.

学生们停下来去听他们老师讲话。

2. stop doing sth 意为“停止做某事”。如:

The students stopped talking. 学生们停止了谈话。

与它们相反的句式是:

go on to do sth “继续做另一件事(与刚才一事不同)”

和go on doing sth “继续做某事(与刚才同一件事)”。如:

He finishes his homework and goes on to study English.

他完成了作业,接着继续去念英语。

They went on playing games. 他们继续玩游戏。

22) tell, speak, say 与talk

1. tell 意为“告诉、讲述”某一件事、如:

He tells me that he wants to be a teacher.

Father always tells interesting stories to us.

tell sb sth意为“告知某人某事”。如:

He told me something about his past. 他告诉我一些他的往事。

tell sb to do sth意为“告诉某人去做某事”。如:

David told his son to do the homework. 大卫要他的儿子去做作业。

2. speak 意为“说话、讲话”,后面主要接语言。如:

He can speak English and a little Chinese.

speak to sb意为“和.....讲话、谈话”。如:

Can I speak to Mr Zhang? 我能和张先生讲话吗?

speak of sth意为“提到、说起”。如:

The book speaks of my hometown. 那本书提到我的家乡。

3. talk 意为“谈话、交谈”,如果只有一方对另一方说话时,一般用talk to;如果双方或多方交谈,多用with。如:

Please talk to him right now. 请立即同他谈话。

He is talking with his friend. 他在和朋友交谈。

talk about 意为“谈论......”。如:

They are talking about the movie. 他们在谈论那部电影。

have a talk with 意为“与......交谈”。如:

Can I have a talk with you? 我可以和你交谈吗?

4. say 意为“说”。如:

Can you say it in English once more? 你能用英语再说一遍吗?

say to 意为“对......说”。如:

He said to his students that they would have a test.

他对他的学生说他们将有一个测试。

It is said that... 意为“据说”。如:

It is said that he could stay under the water for a long time.

据说他能呆在水里很长时间。

23) Excuse me! 与I'm sorry!

1. Excuse me! 意为“打搅了!对不起!”,一般是为了与陌生人搭话,或者要打断对方所说(做)的事。如:

Excuse me, is there a hotel in the neighborhood?

请问,附近有旅馆吗?

Excuse me, could I say something? 打搅一下,我能说一些吗?

2. I'm sorry! 意为“对不起!”,表示道歉。如:

I'm sorry, Mr Zhang. I won't do it again.

对不起,张先生。我不会这么做了。

24) 表示时间的in、on 与at

in, on 与at 都可以和表示时间的词(组)连用。

1.in +the morning/afternoon/ evening

in+ 年/季节/月份

in 过多久之后、在多久之内

in the morning / in May/ in 2004/ in October

in a week 在一周之内(后)

It's Sunday, I can finish it in two days.

现在是星期天,我能在两天后完成。(星期二)

Rome was not built in a day. 罗马不是在一天内建起来的。

2. on 后面接具体的一天。如:

on Sunday 在星期天on May Day 在“五一”节

on a hot afternoon 在一个炎热的下午

He arrived in Beijing on April 26,2004.

注意:在具体的某一天的上午,下午或晚上都是用on

On the morning of May 5th

3. at 后面接时间点。如:

at 8:00 在八点at noon 在中午

25) Other 及其用法

One…the other 一个。。。另一个(共两个)

Some…others 一些。。。另一些(没有范围)

Another 另一个(泛指)

The others 另一些(有范围限制---特指)

other “其他的”(形容词后面加复数名词---泛指)

any other 是指在同一范围内除了某人或某物以外的任何一个其他人或事物,any other 后可以跟单数名词,也可跟复数名词,两者区别主要在于比较句中,若前面被比的对象是单数, any other后就接单数,若前面是复数,any other后就用复数(例子7、8)

1I have two pens. One is blue. The other is black.

2.Some people like football, others like volleyball.

有些人喜欢足球,有些人喜欢排球。

3.I don’t like this hat. Please give me another one.

4. There are 40 students in our class, three are American, the others are Chinese.

5. some children like apples, other children like bananas.

6. There are other ways of doing it. 做这事还有其他的办法

7.Tom runs faster than any other student in his class 汤姆比他们班上任何一个人都跑得快。

8. The players of NBA are stronger than any other players of America.

9. Shanghai is larger than any other city in China.

比较9和10,为什么10里不用other?

10 Shanghai is larger than any city in India.. (比和被比的人或物不在同一个范围,就不用other)

实战练习:

1 She has two sons, ___is a teacher, _____is an engineer

A one, the other Bone, another C another, another Done, other

2You have seen one of the photos of my sisters, now I’ll show you___

A another

B other

C others

D the others

3__went to the great wall, ___visited the Miyun

A Any, other

B One, other

C Some others

D Some the others

4 Have you got any ____ novels?

A another

B other

C others

D the other

5 Would you like to have___ cup of tea?

A another

B other

C others

D the other

6 The t-shirt is too long, please show me___

A another

B other

C others

D the other

7 He is able to do the work without _____help

A the other’s

B others’

C any others’

D other

8 We can do it __time

A another

B other

C others

D the other

9 There are four dictionaries on the bookshelf. one is French, ___are English

A another

B other

C others

D the others

10 The children don’t like this story, please tell them___

A another

B the other

C others

D the others

11These cups are ours,those are___

A others

B others’

C other’s

D the others’

12 China is larger than _____country in Asia

A other

B others

C any other C any others

13 China is larger than _____country in Europe

A other

B others

C any other C any

13 If you want to change a double room, you’ll have to pay ___$15.

A another

B other

C others

D the other

26) look 短语

常见的look 短语有以下这些:

1.look at 朝......看(look at=have a look at)

Please look at the map of China.请看中国地图。

2.look for 寻找

The old man is looking for his dog. 老人在寻找他的狗。

3.look like 看起来像

Nancy looks like her mother. 南希看起来像她母亲。

4.look the same 看上去一样

Li Ping and Li Jing look the same. 李萍和李晶看上去一样。

5.look up 查找

Please look up the word in the dictionary.请在词典中查找这个单词。

6.look over 仔细检查

The doctor looked over Mary carefully. 医生仔细检查了玛丽。

7.look after 照顾,照看

You must look after your old father. 你必须照顾你的老父亲。

8.look around 到处寻找、查看

We looked around, but we found nothing strange.

我们四处查看,但是我们没有发现奇怪的东西。

27) too,also 与either

1.too 用于肯定句和疑问句,一般放在句尾,其前常加逗号。如:

We are in the same school, too. 我们也在相同的学校。

Do you play soccer every day, too? 你也每天踢足球吗?

2.also 用于肯定句和疑问句,一般位于实义动词前、be 动词后。如:Sandra is also a Korean student. Sandra 也是一个韩国学生。

I also like apples.

3.either 用于否定句,一般放在句末。如:

They don't know the answer, either. 她们也不知道答案。

4.as well as 也有“也”的意思。后面要接一个名词,如:

We have great mushroom pizza as well as soda.

He is a happy boy as well.

28) hard 与hardly

1.hard 既可作形容词,也可作副词。如:

It's a hard (adj.) question. (=difficult) 这是一个难的问题。

The boy studies very hard (adv.). 那男孩学习非常努力。

句子结构:It's hard for sb to do sth 做某事对某人来说是难的。如:

It's hard for him to finish the work. 完成那项工作对他来说很难。

注意区分:hard work 困难的工作

work hard 努力工作

3. hardly 是频度副词,表示否定的意思。(=almost not)通常用在形容词、副词和动词之前。如:

I can hardly see it. 我几乎看不到它。

29) sometime, sometimes, some time 与some times

记忆:sometimes(有时)some times(几次)sometime(某时)some time(一段时间) 口诀:有s 是有时,有时分开是几次,无s 是某时,某时分开是一段时间。

30) exercise 的一些用法

1.作不及物动词,译为“运动,锻炼”。如:

David exercises every morning. 大卫每天早晨进行锻炼。

2.作及物动词,译为“训练”。如:

Swimming exercises the whole body. 游泳能使身体得到全面的锻炼。

3.作名词,译为“体育锻炼、运动、体操、练习题”等。如:

It's good to do eye exercises every day.

每天做眼保键操对眼睛有好处。

Please do more exercise from now on. 从今以后请多做运动吧。

I have lots of exercise to do tonight. 今晚我有很多的作业要做。

4.注意:exercise 指具体运动或体操时是可数名词,复数形式为exercises;泛指运动时是不可数名词。

31) maybe 与may be

1.maybe 是副词,译为“也许、可能”,相当于“perhaps”。如:

Maybe he can answer the question. 也许他能回答那个问题。

He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。

2.may be 中的may 为情态动词,译为“可能是......”。如:

He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。

She may be our English teacher. 她可能是我们的英语老师。

32) same 与different

1.same 指“相同的”,前面通常要有一个定冠词the,但是如果same 前面已经有this,those 等词,就不能再与the 连用了。如:

We are in the same class. 我们在同一个班级。

结构:the same as 与......一样, 如:

His mark is the same as mine. 他的分数和我的分数一样。

2.different 译为“不同的”,其后的可数名词应为复数形式。如:

We are in different classes. 我们在不同的班级。

结构:be different from 与......不同, 如:

This sweater is different from that one. 这件毛衣与那一件不同。

different 的名词形式为difference, 复数形式为differences。

33) 动词want 的用法

1. want sth. 想要某物

They want some help. 他们需要一些帮助。

2. want sb. to do sth. 想要某人去做某事

My father wants me to help him on the farm.我父亲要我在农场上帮他。

3. want to do sth. 想要做某事

I want to study English in England. 我想要在英国学习英语。

4.want doing 需要... = need doing = require doing (动词的ing主动形式表示被动意义)

Your sweater wants washing. 你的运动衣该洗了。

The baby needs having a bath. 宝宝需要洗澡了。

34) be good(bad) for、be good at 的相关用法

1.be good for 对......有益

Doing morning exercises is good for your health.

做早操对你们的建康有益。

2.be good at 擅长于......

Li Ping is good at basketball. 李平擅长于篮球。

= Li Ping is good at playing basketball. 李平擅长于打篮球。

be good at = do well in 如:

I'm good at math. = I do well in math. 我擅长于数学。

3.be good to 对......好

Parents are always good to their children.

父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。

35) how many 与how much

1.how many 表示“多少”,后面接可数名词的复数形式。如:

There are four people in my family.

---How many people are there in your family? 你家里有几个人?

We have seven classes every day.

---How many classes do you have every day? 你们每天上几节课?

2.how much 也是表示“多少”,后面接不可数名词。如:

There is some milk in the bottle.

---How much milk is there in the bottle? 瓶子里有多少牛奶?

3.how much 还可以对价格提问,表示“多少钱”的意思。如:

The yellow T-shirt is only 35 yuan.

---How much is the yellow T-shirt? 那件黄色的T 恤衫多少钱?

36) with 的几个用法

1.with 表“和、同、与”。如:

Can you go to the park with me? 你能和我一起去公园吗?

2.with 表“用、以、被”。如:

Don't write with the red pen. 不要用那支红色的钢笔写字。

3.with 表“随着”。如:

Climate varies with the time of the year.气候随着时令的不同而不同。

4.with 表“带有、有......的”。如:

The girl with long hair is my classmate. 长头发的女孩是我的同学。

5.with 表“因为、由于”。如:

They were angry with hard work. 他们因为艰难的工作而生气。

6.一些with 结构:

play with 与......一起玩

be angry with 对......生气

talk with 与......交谈

get on well with 与......相处融洽

37) a lot of(lots of)与many, much 许多

A lot of = lots of + 可数名词或者不可数名词(只用于肯定句。否定句或者

疑问句中表示许多只能用many / much )

Many + 可数名词(既可用于肯定句,也可用于否定句或疑问句)

Much+不可数名词

I have a lot of friends in China. 我在中国有很多朋友。

The old man has lots of money. 那位老人有很多的钱。

Do you have many beautiful skirts? 你有很多漂亮的裙子吗?

There is much water in the lake. 湖里有大量的水。

如果将一个含有a lot of(=lots of)的肯定句改为否定句或疑问句,要将它们

改为many 或much。如:

We can see a lot of birds in the tree.

---We can't see many birds in the tree. 我们在树上看不到很多鸟儿。

He wants lots of soda.

---Does he want much soda? 他需要许多汽水吗?

38) help 用法举例

help 既可以作名词,也可以作动词。

1.help 作名词,意为“帮助”。如:

He needs some help. 他需要一些帮助。

2.help 作动词,也是“帮助”的意思。如:

Can you help me? 你能帮帮我吗?

3.help 的结构:

help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

=help sb with sth 帮助某人做某事

如:They want to help the boy carry the heavy box.

=They want to help the boy with the heavy box.

他们想要帮助那位男孩搬那个重箱子。

39) well 的用法

well 可以作副词,也可以作形容词。

1.well 作副词,意为“(某事干得)好”。如:

The boy draws very well. 男孩画得很好。

2.well 作形容词,意为“健康、安好”。如:

I'm not feeling well. 我觉得不舒服。

40) ago 与before

ago 与before 都表示“......以前”,但用法有所区别。

1.ago 意为“以前”,表示从此刻算起的若干时间之前,常用于过去时的句子中。如:He took a photo a week ago. 他一周前照了一张相片。

2.before 作为副词时表示:

a.从过去某一时刻算起的若干时间以前,用于过去完成时的句子中。如:The boy had already seen the comedy before.

那男孩以前已经看过那部喜剧片了。

b.笼统的“以前”,一般单独使用,而ago 不可以单独使用。如:

He's read this novel before. 他以前读过这部小说。

41) need 的用法

1.need 作实义动词,意为“需要”。如:

Do you need to stay at home? 你要呆在家里吗?

2.need 作情态动词,一般用于对must 的否定回答。如:

---Must he leave now? 他必须离开吗?

---No, he needn't. 不,他不必。

3.区分:

a.need 作实义动词。

He needs to go.

He doesn't need to go.

Does he need to go?

Yes, he does./No, he doesn't.

b.need 作情态动词,一般不用于肯定句。

He needn't go.

Need he go?

Yes, he need./No, he needn't.

42) decide 的几种句式

1.decide to do sth 决定去做某事

They decide to fly kite on weekend. 他们决定在周末去放风筝。

2.decide on doing sth 决定做某事

They decide on flying kites. 他们决定放风筝。

3.decide on sth 就某事决定......

Betty decided on the red skirt. 贝蒂选定了那条红裙子。

4. decide 的名词形式为decision,

结构:make a decision,意为“做决定”。如:

He has made a decision. 他已经做一个决定了。

43) too many, too much 与much too

1.too many 意为“太多”,用于修饰可数名词的复数。如:There are too many students in our class. 我们班上有太多的学生。

2.too much 意为“太多”,用于修饰不可数名词。如:

We have too much work to do. 我们有太多的工作要做。

3.much too 表示“太”,用来修饰形容词或副词。如:

The box is much too heavy, so I can't carry it.

箱子太重了,所以我搬不动它。

新目标八年级英语上册知识点归纳

第一单元复习

I. 应掌握的词组:

1. go to the movies 去看电影

2. look after=take care of 照顾

3. surf the internet 上网

4. healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式

5. go skate boarding 去划板

6. keep healthy=stay healthy 保持健康

7. exercise=take (much) exercise =do sports 锻炼

8. eating habits 饮食习惯9. take more exercise 做更多的运动

10. the same as 与什么相同11. once a month 一月一次

12. be different from 不同13. twice a week 一周两次

14. make a difference to 对什么有影响15. how often 多久一次

16. although=though 虽然17. most of the students=most students 大多数学生

18. shop=go shopping =do some shopping 购物

19. as for 至于20. activity survey 活动调查

21. do homework 做家庭作业22. do house work 做家务事

23. eat less meat 吃更少的肉24. junk food 垃圾食物

25. be good for 对什么有益26. be bad for 对什么有害

27. want to do sth 想做某事28. want sb to do sth 想某人做某事

29. try to do sth 尽量做某事30. come home from school 放学回家

31. of course=certainly=sure 当然32. get good grades 取得好成绩

33. some advice 34. help sb to do sth 帮助某人做某事=help sb with sth

35. a lot of vegetables =many vegetables 许多蔬菜

36. hardly=not nearly / almost not 几乎不37. keep/be in good health 保持健康II. 应掌握的句子:

1. How often do you exercise? 你(你们)多久锻炼一次身体?

回答一般是用表示频率的副词,如:once, twice, three

times…, sometimes, often, quite, often, never, every day, once a week , twice a month , hardly ever 几乎不

three times a month , three or four times a month 等。

2. “What do you usually do on weekends?”“I usually play soccer.”

“周末你通常做什么?”“我通常踢足球。”

What does she usually do on weekends? She sometimes go hiking.

3. “What’s your favorite program?”“It’s Animal World.”

“你最喜欢什么节目?”“动物世界。”

4. As for homework , most students do homework every day .

as for...意思是“至于;关于”,常用于句首作状语

5. Mom wants me to get up at 6:00 and play ping-pong with her .

want to do sth. 意思是“想要做某事”;

want sb. to do sth.意思是“想要某人做某事”。如:

6. She says it’s good for my health.

be good for...表示“对……有益(有好处)”;

其反义为:be bad for...。(这里for 是

介词,后跟名词、代词或动名词)如:

It's good for us to do more reading. 多读书对我们有好处。

Reading in bed is bad for your eyes.在床上读书对你的眼睛有害。

7. How many hours do you sleep every night?

8. I exercise every day , usually when I come home from school .

9. My eating habits are pretty good . 这里pretty 相当于very 。

10. I try to eat a lot of vegetables , usually ten to eleven times a week .

try to do sth.表示“尽力做某事”,不包含是否成功的意思而

try doing sth.表示“试着去做某事”。如:

You’d better try doing the experiment in another way.

你最好试试用另一种方法做这个试验。

11. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.

help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事

12. Good food and exercise help me to study better.

这里better 是well 的比较级,而不是good 的比较级

13. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?

=Is her lifestyle the same as your lifestyle or is her lifestyle different from yours? be

the same as …/ be different from …

14. What sports do you play ?

15. A lot of vegetables help you to keep in good health .

keep in good health = keep healthy = stay healthy

17. That sounds interesting.

sounds interesting是系表结构,即“系动词+表语”结构。

(听起来),look(看起来)smell(闻起来)

系动词taste(尝起来),feel(觉得),seem(好象),后跟形容词作表语,grow(变得),get(变得),。如:

It tastes good. 这味道好。

The music sounds very sweet. 这音乐听起来很入耳。

The smoke grew heavier and heavier. 烟雾变得越来越浓了。

新目标八年级英语上册第二单元复习

I. 应掌握的词组:

1. Have a cold 感冒

2. sore back 背痛

3. neck and neck 并驾齐驱,齐头并进

4. I have a stomachache 我胃痛

5. What’s the matter (with you)? 你怎么了?= What’s the trouble (with you)? = what’s up?

6. sore throat 咽喉痛

7. lie down and rest 躺下休息

8. see a dentist 看牙医9. drink lots of water 多喝水

10. hot tea with honey 加蜂蜜的热茶11.That’s a good idea 好主意

12.That’s too bad 太糟糕了13.I think so 我认为如此

14. I’m not feeling well. 我觉得不太舒服

= I’m feeling ill/sick. =I feel terrible/bad.= I don’t feel well.

15. get some rest 多休息16. I have no idea = I don’t know我不知道17. stressed out 筋疲力尽18. I am tired 我累了He is tired. 他累了

19. a healthy lifestyle 健康的生活方式20. traditional Chinese doctors 传统中医21. a balance of yin and yang 阴阳调和22. you have too much yin.你阴气太盛23. to eat a balance diet 饮食平衡24.healthy food 健康食品

25. stay healthy 保持健康=keep healthy=keep in good health = keep fit

26. enjoy oneself (myself, yourself, herself, himself, themselves, ourselves, itself

反身代词) 玩得高兴,过得愉快=have a good time = have a wonderful time

=have fun

27. enjoy sth. =like sth. (名词)喜欢某物,

enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事=like dong sth

Practice doing sth.练习做某事,

mind doing sth. 介意做某事,

finish doing sth.完成某事,

give up doing sth.放弃做某事,

can’t help doing sth.忍不住做某事,

keep ding sth. 坚持做某事.

即:practice, mind, finish, give up, can’t help, keep 与enjoy后面都要接动词的ing形式

28.at the moment = now 此刻29. Host family 东道主家庭

30. Conversation practice 会话练习31.I’m sorry to hear that.听到此事我很难过

II. 应掌握的句子:

1.What’s the matter? I have a bad cold. 你怎么了?我得了重感冒。

What’s the matter with her?。She has a backache她背痛

2.Maybe you should see a dentist. 或许你应该看牙医。

3.I hope you feel better soon. 我希望你很快好起来。

4.Traditional Chinese doctors believe we need a balance of yin and yang to be healthy.传统中医认为我们需要阴阳调和以保持身体健康。

5.Eating Dangshen and Huangqi herbs is also good for this.

吃党参和黄芪等草本植物也对这有好处。

6.People who are too stressed out and angry may have too much yang.

太紧张易怒的人或许吃了太多的阳性食物。

7.It’s easy to have a healthy lifestyle, and it’s important to eat a balanced diet. 有一个健康的生活方式很容易,饮食平衡是很重要的。

8.When you are tired, you shouldn’t go out at night. 疲倦时,晚上你不该外出。

9.I believe him, but I can’t believe in him.

他的话是真的,但是我不信任他这个人。

Believe sb 相信某人说的话

Believe in sb 相信某人

10.I am not feeling very well at the moment. 这段时间我感觉不大好。

I’m tired and I have a lot of headaches. 我很疲劳,而且经常头痛。

11.I’m stressed out because my Mandarin isn’t improving.

我很容易紧张,因为普通话没有长进。

12.I practice playing the piano every day.我每天练习弹钢琴。

13.She had finished writing the letter when I went in.

我进去时,她已经写完信了。

14.The doctor asked him to give up smoking.医生叫他戒烟。

翻译:不要放弃学英语。

15.Do you mind closing the window? 请把窗户关上好吗?

16.Mary couldn’t help laughing at his jokes.对于他的玩笑,玛莉忍不住笑了。17.They kept working though it was raining.尽管天在下雨,他们仍坚持工作。

新目标八年级英语第三单元复习

I.应掌握的词组:

1. babysit one’s sister 照顾妹妹

2. visit one’s grandmother 看望奶奶

3. spend time with friends 和朋友们一起度过时光

4. visit cousins 看望表弟等

5. Go to sports camp 去运动野营

6.go to the beach 去海滩

7. go camping 去野营

8. Go shopping 去买东西9. go swimming 去游泳

10. go boating 去划船11. go skating 去溜冰

12. go walking 去散步13. go climbing 去登山

14. go dancing 去跳舞15. go hiking 去徒步远足

16. go sightseeing 去观光17. go house-hunting 去找房子

18.go on a hike 徒步旅行,go bike riding 骑自行车旅行,go fishing 去钓鱼

19. do some shopping 买东西20. do some washing 洗衣服

21. do some cooking 作饭22. do some reading 读书

23. do some speaking 训练口语24. do some sewing 做缝纫活25.that sounds nice 那好极了26. at home 在家

27. how about=what about ……怎么样?

28. how long 多长时间29. how far 多远

30. how often 多长时间一次31. how much, how many 多少32. have a good time =have fun= have a wonderful time= enjoy oneself

玩得高兴,过得愉快

33. show sb. Sth.=show sth. to sb.出示某物给某人看

give me the book=give the book to me 给我书,

pass me the cup=pass the cup to me 把杯子递给我,

sell me the house=sell the house to me 把房子卖给我

buy me a book =buy a book for me 给我买书,

make me a cake=make a cake for me 给我做蛋糕

34. get back=come back 回来35. rent videos 租借影碟

36. take walks=go for a walk 散步37. think about 考虑

38. decide on= decide upon 决定一个计划

39. something different 不同的事情40.a great vacation 一个愉快的假期41. I can’t wait to do我等不及要做42. the famous movie star 著名的影星

43. an exciting vacation激动人心的假期

44. Ask her about her plans 向她询问她的计划ask sb. about sth.向某人询问某事

45. forget to do sth. 忘记要做某事,forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事

II.应该掌握的句子:

1.What are you doing for vacation? I’m babysitting my sister.

假期你要做什么?我要照顾我的妹妹。

2.Who are you going with? I’m going with my parents.

你要和谁一起去?我要和父母一起去。

3.When is he going camping? He is going on the 12th of February, 2005.

4.I’m going to Tibet for a week. 我要去西藏一周。

5.What are you doing there? I’m going hiking in the mountains.

你在那里要做什么?我要在山区里远足。

6.Show me your photos when we get back to school.

我们返回学校时,你把照片拿给我看。

7.Where are you going for vacation? I’m going to Hawaii for vacation.

你要去哪度假?我要去夏威夷度假。

8.I’m going to Hawaii for vacation in December, and I’m staying for three weeks.我要

在12 月去夏威夷度假,在那里呆3 个星期。

9.What is it like there? 那里什么样子?

10. Can I ask you some questions about your vacation plans?

我可以问你一些有关你假期计划的问题吗?

11. He thought about going to Greece or Spain, but decided on Canada.

他考虑去希腊或西班牙,但是最后他决定去加拿大。

12. He is leaving the first week in June and staying until September.

他将在6 月的第一个星期动身,一直呆到9 月。

13. Please don’t forget to close the door when you leave.

你离开时,请别忘记关门。

14.She couldn’t wait to get home to see he parents.

她迫不及待的想回家看望父母。

八年级英语第四单元复习

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1.get to school 到校

2. get home 到家

3. how about=what about…….怎么样?

4.take the subway 乘地铁

5.ride a bike 骑自行车

6.take the bus 乘公共汽车

7.take the train 乘火车8.take a taxi 乘坐出租车

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26. in fact 实际上 27. at midnight 在半夜 28. have a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快 29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架 30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温 31. have/get a pain in…某处疼痛 32. have a headache 头痛 33. as soon as…一……就…… 34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事 35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事 36. fall asleep 入睡 37. again and again再三地,反复地 38. wake up 醒来,叫醒 39. instead of 代替 40. look over 检查 41. take exercise运动 42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事 43. at the weekend 在周末 44. on time 按时 45. out of从……向外 46. all by oneself 独立,单独 47. lots of=a lot of 许多 48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再 49. get back 回来,取回

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(4)以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词,把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est。 easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest busy→busier→busiest happy→happier→happiest (5)其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most。 beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful different→more different→most different easily→more easily→most ea sily (6)有少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的,必须熟记。 good→better→best well→better→best bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst old→older/elder→oldest/eldest many/much→more→most little→less→least far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest 2. 形容词和副词比较级的用法 (1)“甲+be+(倍数)+形容词比较级+than+乙”表示“甲比乙…”或“甲比乙…几倍”。

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不规则动词的变化: 原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式 sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said feel felt drink drank is/am was take took read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met cut cut begin began speak spoke make made let let ring rang write wrote see saw fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 4.一般将来时 一般将来时表示将来打算做的事或将要发生的事情。常常与tomorrow, next Sunday等时间状语连用。 结构:be going to +动词原形或will +动词原形 例如:I’m going to visit my grandpa next week. 三、可数名词的复数形式 1.一般名词:+ s a book –books 2.辅音字母加y结尾:- y+ ies a story—stories 3.以s, x,sh, ch ,结尾:+ es a glass—glasses;a watch-watches 4.以f或fe结尾:- f 或fe 变为ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves 5.特殊的名词复数 man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese 四、不可数名词(没有复数形式) bread, rice, water, juice,milk,tea,coffee 五、缩略形式 I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is /he has(got) it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not didn’t=did not weren’t=were not wasn’t=was not let’s=let us I’ll=I will 六、a. an .the的用法 1.单词的第一读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach,a “U” 单词的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg,an hour,an “F” 2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。 七、介词 1.表示方位:on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.,under 2.表示时间: (1)at : 几点前面用at如:at si x o’clock, 没有day的节日前用at如:at Christmas, 固定词组at the weekends ,at night

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