英语翻译讲义

一、考研翻译高分策略【本章要点】-掌握考研翻译高分两大策略-巩固试题演练【翻译技巧】◎尽量译主干1）划竖线，断开结构2）看动词，瞻前顾后3）译主干，稳定分数◎修饰层层加1）看词性，分析关系2）译修饰，能加则加【试题演练】【例1】（2005年49题）Creating a“European identity”that respects the different cultures and traditions which go to make up the connecting fabric of the Old Continent is no easy task and demands a strategic choice.模考：笔记：【例2】（2008年47题）He asserted,also,that his power to follow a long and purely abstract train of thought was very limited,for which reason he felt certain that he never could have succeeded with mathematics.模考：笔记：【例3】（2008年49题）He adds humbly that perhaps he was“superior to the common run of men in noticing things which easily escape attention,and in observing them carefully.”模考：笔记：本章参考译文【例1】不同的文化和传统把欧洲大陆编织在一起，要创造出一种尊重这些不同文化和传统的“欧洲品牌”绝非易事，需要人们做出战略性的选择。

【例2】他还坚持认为自己进行长时间完全抽象思维的能力十分有限，由此他认定自己在数学方面根本不可能有大的作为。

六级汉译英讲义一、汉译英应试原则和基本程序(一)汉译英应试原则手法灵活(如遇难译之处，换用其它相近说法表达)语法正确(避免时态、语态、单复数等语法错误)内容忠实(必须把原文的内容准确而完整地表达出来，不得有任何歪曲、遗漏或增删)语言闪光(译文符合英语表达习惯，且用词准确、多样)(二)汉译英基本程序1.理解通读并透彻理解原文含义2.翻译确定译文句子的时态、句型、结构和用词3.审校首先检查译文是否正确地转述了原文内容，是否有错译和漏译;其次，检查是否有语言上的明显错误，如时态、语态、单复数、拼写、大小写、标点符号等。

发现错误，及时改正。

二、汉译英专项练习一、倍数增减的表示法1) Force N1 ____ is 2.5 times greater than Force N2___________(比力N2大2.5倍).2) This substance __ reacts three times as fast as the other one _____________(反应速度是另外那种物质的三倍).3) The earth __is 49 times the size of the moon_____________(是月球大小的49倍).4) The landlord __ wants to raise the rent by a third _____________(想将租金提高三分之一).5) They __ plan to double their investment_____________(计划将投资增加一倍).二、时态1) Be quick, __ or the wedding will have finished by the time we get to the church_____________(否则等我们到达教堂时婚礼就已经结束了).2) When she got home, _ the children had fallen asleep ______________(孩子们已经睡着了).3) When I prepare for the college entrance examination, _ my sister will be taking hervacation at the seaside ______________(我姐姐将在海边度假).4) I_ have been revising my resume all the morning ______________(一上午都在修改我的简历).5) Do you often go on holiday? _ No. It has been five years since I went on holiday______________(不，我已经有五年没有度假了).6) He joined the army in October, 2001. _ He has been in the army for 5 years______________(他参军已五年了).三、被动语态1) The blackboard and chalk _ is being replaced by the computer and the projector______________(正在被电脑和投影机所取代).2) The book _ will have been published by the end of this year______________(到今年年底就将已出版).3) Computer models _ can be used to demonstrate the way that cells work______________(可以用来演示细胞工作的方式).4) When the bill of fare was brought, __ I was startled, for the prices were a great deal higher than I had anticipated_____________(我惊呆了，价格大大超出了我的预料).5) _ Effective measures must be taken immediately ______________(必须立即采取有效措施)to eliminate sandy storms.四、情态动词1) The phone is ringing, _ but there is no answer. She can’t be at home______________(但是没人接听。

《世纪商务英语》翻译讲义AdvertisementsUnit 7 Advertisements1.Adverting is a way of bringing information to the public for the purpose of selling a product, a service, an idea, or an event. The information is transmitted by means of the printed word or even the air. It may be presented as a simple statement of fact, or, as is more frequently the case, it may be offered in colorful or even emotional language. All advertising is intended to stimulate people to do some specific thing, such as buying a product, ordering a service, joining an organization, attending a meeting, or thinking sympathetically about a situation. Each advertising is paid for by a person, a group, an organization, or a business enterprise seeking to advance his or its goals.Consumer advertising can be directed to different parts of a market. For example, producers advertise through magazines and radio and television programs that appeal to the portion of the market they wish to reach. A cereal manufacturer would schedule commercials for television cartoon shows in order to make children aware of a product. A tire maker would use air ads during sporting events to appeal to the adult male audience.Trade advertising is aimed at middlemen of all kinds. Trade ads try to persuade wholesalers and retailers to stock specific goods. Industrial advertising is directed to producers of manufactured goods. Agricultural advertising goes to the agricultural producers. Professional advertising is aimed at people such as doctors, teachers and architects, who recommend products but do not purchase them directly./doc/a6dbcee8dd3383c4bb4cd2fa.html nguage features(1)Verbs, adjs, pronouns, coinageNestle Ice Cream: Take time to indulge! Disneyland: The happiest place of earth.KFC：we do chicken right Sony: Hi-fi, Hi-fun, Hi-fashion, only from Sony(2)Sentence Patterns: simple sentences, interrogative sentences (疑问句)& ellipticalsentences（省略句）Calvin Klein: Between love and madness lies obsession.Budweiser: Why ask why? Try Bud dry. Intel: Intel inside. 因特尔在其中(3)Rhetorical devices/ Figures of Speech 修辞:personification(拟⼈)， simile & metaphor(明喻，暗喻)，pun(双关)，alliteration(头韵) ，rhyming(尾韵), hyperbole(夸张)，repetition(反复、重复), antithesis (对偶), irony (反语),parody (仿拟)etcBounty (糖果)：A taste of paradise Fila：Functional…Fashionable…Formidable…Give me taste, not waist. Not all cars are created equal.3. (1) Sea, sun, sand, seclusion– and Spain! You can have all these– at a price that is hard to believe – when you visit the new Calientte Hotel.(2) Run a critical eye over the Swiss Timetable for Europe, and you’ll find it’s a masterpiece of structure and content. Drawing on a map of some 50 cities, it also presents the unique choice of these different perspectives; reasonably priced Economy Class, comfortable Business Class and luxurious First Class, all of which inspired more and more discerning travelers to discover the pleasure of flying Swissair.（3）溪⼝千层饼采⽤传统⼯艺，制作精细，质地松软，清⾹可⼝。

翻译知识与策略：conversionconversion from English nouns and adjectives into Chinese verbs and adverbs:1). All peace-loving people demand the complete prohibition and thorough destruction of nuclear weaspons. 一切爱好和平的人民都要求全面禁止核武器，彻底销毁核武器。

2). From the depths of its being, they are endeavoring to bring about a radical transformation of human life. 他们力图从根本上彻底改变人类生活。

3). He was a clever man; a pleasant companion, a careless student; with a great propensity for running into debt, and a partiality for the tavern. (V anity Fair) 他是个聪明人，谈吐非常风趣，可是学习上不肯用功，老是东挪西借，又喜欢上酒店喝酒。

4). Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves. 用无线电波传送和接收活动物体图象的技术称为电视。

5). No violation of this principle can be tolerated. 违犯这一原则的行为是不允许的。

1.1．conversion from English adjectives into Chinese verbs:1). She is familiar with English grammar. 她熟悉英语语法。

高中英语选必四U2课文翻译和词汇一、课文翻译Effective communication有效沟通If you heard someone shout, “Hey you!” from across the room, how would you react? Just these two words can carry much information.They could be interpreted as a welcoming greeting from a close friend, especially if accompanied by a gentle smile.When spoken by a stranger, they can function as a means of attracting your attention.Much of what we communicate is dependent not only on the words we use, but also on how we use them.So, let’s look a little deep er into the topic of communication.如果你听到有人喊:“嘿，你! ，你会有什么反应? 仅仅这两个词就能传达很多信息。

这句话可以被理解为来自亲密朋友的欢迎问候，尤其是伴随着温柔的微笑。

当陌生人和你说话时，它们可以作为一种吸引你注意力的方式。

我们交流的内容不仅取决于我们使用的词语，还取决于我们如何使用它们。

所以，让我们更深入地了解一下沟通这个话题。

Communication is the exchange of information between a sender and a receiver.The sender encodes a message and sends it face to face, or through video,telephone, mail or social media.This message is then received and decoded by the receiver.In response, the receiver sends an encoded message back, which is referred to as feedback.This feedback is decoded by the original sender and the entirecycle repeats itself until they have finished communicating.沟通是发送者和接收者之间的信息交换。

高考英语翻译讲义：无灵主语翻译技巧【外刊引入】The 1900s brought a different sort of mass relocation, as millions of black Americans moved from South to North in search of opportunity, and reprieve from intolerance.这句话属于典型的无灵主语，主语是时间The 1900s，谓语动词bring通常是人发出的动作。

假使我们在高考中遇到这类无灵主语句式，该怎样翻译呢？*这份讲义，以无灵主语的用法及翻译为主，适合上海翻译/新高考地区读后续写备考的学生们使用。

英语中的非人称主语句及其翻译思维与语言存在着一定的联系：思维决定语言的表达方式，语言映射出某种文化。

中西方思维不同，所以中英文表达也存在差异。

英语中有一种用法，叫无灵主语，也就是某个句子采用无灵主语（inanimate subject）+有灵动词（animate verb）的组合，这种句子也叫非人称主语句。

无灵主语表示抽象概念、心理感觉、事物名称或时间地点等，有灵动词表示人或社会团体的动作或行为，这种句子有很强的拟人化（personification）修辞色彩。

1. 时间名词作主语，与之搭配的动词一般和人的视觉有关，如：see，witness，find等。

Last year saw the occurrence of a number of public safety incidents and major workplace accidents.去年发生了多起公共安全事件和重大生产安全事故。

这样的句型相信大家在高考阅读中经常会见到，英文这样用使句子更生动活泼，也是一种句型灵活使用的表现。

翻译思维：把作主语的时间转译成时间状语，译为在什么时候发生了什么事。

saw千万不要翻译为看见，通常会直接忽略掉saw。

代词的增减英译汉时很多代词可以省略，而汉译英时则根据英语的行文需要增加适当的代词。

7. Calmly, Mother looked around before she turned back fearlessly, closing the door behind her and dashed to the window.母亲镇定地环顾四周，然后毫不畏惧地转身回到屋里，顺手关上门，一个箭步奔到窗口。

8. I shall take it as axiomatic that mankind has, by that time, chosen the latter alternative.译文一: 我认为人类到那时将会选择后者，这一点是不言而喻的。

译文二：不消说，那时人类将会选择后者。

9. In order to get a great amount of water power, we need large pressure and current.要得到巨大的水力，就需要高水压和大水量。

10. In the giraffe¡¯s neck, there are lots of muscles that flex and relax repeatedly as the animal moves its head and sucks up drinking water.长颈鹿移动头部喝水时，脖子里有很多肌肉会反复地收紧和放松。

11.她懒洋洋地站起来，估量丈夫不会再回来额。

Lazily she rose. Her husband probably would not come home, she supposed.12. 梅春姐用手护着头，紧紧地缩着她的身子。

Meichun, protecting her head with her arms, contracted her body.介词的增减13）She was one of my colleagues at the university at which I taught.她是我任教的那所大学的同事。

考博英语英译汉应试技巧与对策Test Analysis英语和汉语是两种完全不同的语言，英译汉不是简单的词义转换，而是一个极其复杂的理解与表达的过程。

历年考博英语多数给出一篇英语文章，从中划出句式相对复杂，长度相对长的句子来给考生翻译，有时会让考生翻译一小段的英语段落。

英译汉最终归结到句子在文章中的翻译。

“四步定位翻译法”，即结构分析——句子切分——词义推敲——检查核对将知道考生顺利地完成任务。

一、结构分析正是因为英语重结构、多长句、多从句，结构分析是做好翻译的第一步。

所谓结构分析，一是判断划线部分是什么句型，二是弄清句子的主干在哪里、有什么样的修饰语以及词与词之间是什么关系。

我们把英语句型主要分两大类：简单句和复杂句。

凡是没有从句的句子都称之为简单句；凡是有从句的句子，就称之为复合句。

无论是主句还是从句，基本句型有下面五种：1、主语+谓语2、主语+谓语+宾语3、主语+系动词+表语4、主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语判断英语句子是什么句型有一个很简单的方法，那就是看句中有几个谓语动词：如果只有一个谓语动词，那肯定是简单句；如果有一个以上的谓语动词，有两种可能：一是动词并列作谓语，标志是第二个动词或最后一个动词前有并列连词and／or／but“二是有从句出现，标志是有从句引导词(有时可能会省略从句引导词)。

英译汉五个划线句子一般有1～2个简单句，3～4个复合句。

如果是简单句，修饰语可能会有些复杂；如果是复合句，从句往往会有一定的难度。

通过结构分析，可以弄清句子的结构特点，从而对整个句子的大意有所了解。

如果说整个句子的翻译是建立一座大厦的话，那么结构分析就是首先搭一个架子。

二、句子切分英语句子的结构特点不仅为结构分析提供了方便，而且还使句子切分成为可靠：所谓切分，就是按意群用斜线(／)将一个长句切成好几段。

一般情况下，每个切分段都有一个难点，这样既能突出每个重点，又能降低每个难点的难度，是初学翻译者须学会的一种方法。

第九讲高中英语翻译技巧与能力训练(上)[讲义]高考英语翻译技巧与能力训练高考英语中的翻译（中译英）题要求考生能应用所学过的语法和词汇来准确地表达思想，是一种要求相当高的考查形式。

要求考生把中文的句子译成通顺的、语法结构正确的、符合英语表达适应的英语句子，并能准确地传达中文句子中的每一具信息。

该题型全面地考查学生英语词汇、语法等知识的综合运用能力，它对学生的动词时态、语态、名词的单复数、冠词、形容词、副词、介词等应用能力，还对学生的词组、句型、句子结构等举行了全面考查。

翻译别仅在高考英语主观题中占别小的比例，而且翻译能力还直截了当妨碍考生在作文中的表现。

高考评分标准: 1．每题中单词拼写、标点符号、大小写错误每两处扣一分；2．语法错误（包括时态错误）每处扣一分；3．译文没用所给的单词扣一分。

怎么才干提高中译英水准，在高考中获得理想的分数呢？考生除了必须具备比较扎实的语言基础外，关键还在于学会总结规律，找准中译英的切入点。

一、分析句子结构、寻觅合适的句型中文必须认真读，一定要看的算是题目给我们的关键字或关键的词组，也算是我们常讲的key words。

尤其是最终两句翻译句子，它们大都在句子结构上提高了难度。

读啥？读出句子结构：关于简单句，辨不出主谓宾，分清定语、同位语和状语；关于并列句，记住两个语法意义上独立的分句，须由连词连接起来；关于复合句，须区分定语从句，名词性从句以及状语从句。

普通来讲，中译英的句型可分为三大类：1.简单句；2.并列句；3.复合句；并且我们也要注意非谓语动词及其他一些特别结构。

回忆近几年的高考试题时，也别难发觉试题中考了一些特别句式。

如：It句型(近几年考得较为频繁)、倒装句、with 结构。

例1: 昨天我的电脑坏了。

(wrong)解析：本题考查：1)简单句There be结构；2)wrong的用法；3)中英文表达的差异。

译句：There was something wrong with my computer yesterday. 例2: 遇到困难的时候，我们需要的别是彼此埋怨，而是互相帮助。

这个问题正在研究。
The problem is now being studied/under study.
关于汉语主动句的英译问题
汉语多采用主动语态，但在英译时有时改用被动语态。语态的变换基于多种原因，概括起来说，主要是：
为了强调接受动作的人或事物的重要性
01
英语里常常运用被动结构把动作的承受者作为句子的主语，来突出它的地位，强调它的重要性。由于这个原因，汉译英时，往往将汉语的主动句变换为英语的被动句，把原文的宾语变成译文的主语。
02
该计划将由一个特别委员会加以 审查。
03
The plan will be examined by a special committee.
04
这类句子在形式上一般都有主语，也有动词，但是主语在实际上是谓语动词的动作承受者，而不是执行者。
动作执行者并未出现。这种句子结构上为主动句，而含义上是被动句。
钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情(cultivate one’s mind)的运动，有益于身心健康
Fishing is an outdoor sport that can help cultivate your mind and it is good for our mental and physical health.
应该说，情况基本上是健康的。
It should be said that the situation is basically sound.
据谣传，那场事故是由于玩忽职守而造成的。
It is rumored that accident was due to negligence.
很明显，这项计划应该取消。
It is supposed that…

高级英语第二册课文翻译Unit1 Pub Talk and the King's English酒吧闲聊与标准英语亨利?费尔利人类的一切活动中，只有闲谈最宜于增进友谊，而且是人类特有的一种活动。

动物之间的信息交流，不论其方式何等复杂，也是称不上交谈的。

闲谈的引人人胜之处就在于它没有一个事先定好的话题。

它时而迂回流淌，时而奔腾起伏，时而火花四射，时而热情洋溢，话题最终会扯到什么地方去谁也拿不准。

要是有人觉得“有些话要说”，那定会大煞风景，使闲聊无趣。

闲聊不是为了进行争论。

闲聊中常常会有争论，不过其目的并不是为了说服对方。

闲聊之中是不存在什么输赢胜负的。

事实上，真正善于闲聊的人往往是随时准备让步的。

也许他们偶然间会觉得该把自己最得意的奇闻轶事选出一件插进来讲一讲，但一转眼大家已谈到别处去了，插话的机会随之而失，他们也就听之任之。

或许是由于我从小混迹于英国小酒馆的缘故吧，我觉得酒瞎里的闲聊别有韵味。

酒馆里的朋友对别人的生活毫无了解，他们只是临时凑到一起来的，彼此并无深交。

他们之中也许有人面临婚因破裂，或恋爱失败，或碰到别的什么不顺心的事儿，但别人根本不管这些。

他们就像大仲马笔下的三个火枪手一样，虽然日夕相处，却从不过问彼此的私事，也不去揣摸别人内心的秘密。

有一天晚上的情形正是这样。

人们正漫无边际地东扯西拉，从最普通的凡人俗事谈到有关木星的科学趣闻。

谈了半天也没有一个中心话题，事实上也不需要有一个中心话题。

可突然间大伙儿的话题都集中到了一处，中心话题奇迹般地出现了。

我记不起她那句话是在什么情况下说出来的——她显然不是预先想好把那句话带到酒馆里来说的，那也不是什么非说不可的要紧话——我只知道她那句话是随着大伙儿的话题十分自然地脱口而出的。

“几天前，我听到一个人说‘标准英语’这个词语是带贬义的批评用语，指的是人们应该尽量避免使用的英语。

”此语一出，谈话立即热烈起来。

有人赞成，也有人怒斥，还有人则不以为然。

第二讲英汉词义对比与翻译中根据语境选词一、语境与意义的关系概述词是语言中能自由运用的音义结合体，是构成句子的最基本的单位，所以词的意义直接影响读者对句子甚至对整个篇章的理解。

虽然在翻译的过程中一般以句子为翻译单位，但如果不能把词的意思准确地翻译出来，势必会影响到对整个句子甚至对整个篇章的翻译。

由此可见词在翻译中的重要性。

在选词时，我们除了要注意词的基本含义（概念意义）外，也要明白翻译中的选词更多地受到诸多因素的影响。

语境可分为¡°微观语境（Microcontext）¡±和¡°宏观语境(Macrocontext)¡±，前者主要指词的搭配，包括词组、分句、句、句段、文本或篇章、体裁；后者指非语言因素，即社会、文化、历史因素。

同一个词，在不同的语境中，其涵义、词义广狭、感情色彩、文体色彩、文化色彩等不尽相同。

语境决定词的涵义、词义的广狭、词的感情色彩和语体色彩以及文化涵义等。

翻译时必须将语境纳入考虑之中，仔细斟酌，才能真正取得好的翻译效果。

⏹长期以来，中国学生在学习英语的过程中，尤其在学习英语单词的过程中总喜欢通过其汉语意思记忆单词，久而久之，就形成了一种“怪圈”，即一个英语单词对应一个中文意思（一个汉语词），翻译的时候，往往就会将英语单词与汉语词一一对应起来，结果造成翻译中用词不当的现象。

或者，有时在翻译中遇到不知该如何在目的语中进行表达，只靠单纯地查阅英汉词典或汉英词典，结果发现，英语的汉译文不够通顺，搭配不当，汉语的英译文就让人感觉词不达意。

实际上，英语单词与汉语词并非一一对应的关系，而应根据词所在的语境决定词在上下文中的涵义、词义的广狭、词的感情色彩词、词的语体色彩、词的联想意义等，然后根据这些意义在目的与中选择恰当的对应词（eqiuvalent）.⏹Leech(利奇)在《语义学》中列举了七种意义类型：概念意义(conceptual meaning)内涵意义(connotative meaning)风格意义(stylistic meaning)情感意义(affective meaning)联想意义(reflected meaning)搭配意义(collocative meaning)主题意义(thematic meaning)⏹概念意义是意义的中心部分，是客观事物的反映与概括，也就是说，概念意义就是词典里收录的释义，具有约定俗成的特点；内涵意义是词汇的喻义和引申意义，是附加在概念意义之上的意义，不同的语境中，词的内涵意义不尽相同；风格意义指在不同的场合中词汇的运用会呈现不同的层次，不同历史时期、不同的说话人、不同的交际手段和方式等都会影响到词汇的风格意义；情感意义用来表达说话者的感情和态度，取决于词所描述的对象；联想意义是能引起听者或读者联想的意义，有些词可以引起愉快的联想，而有的词可以引起不愉快的联想，尤其是在不同的文化中，词的联想意义有很大的区别。

翻译研究词典1. Absolute Translation 绝对翻译按照古阿德克的解释，指专业译员为应付不同翻译要求而采用的七种翻译类型之一。

在绝对翻译中，整个源文本被转换成目标语，对原文内容和形式都不加以改动。

According to Gouadec, one of seven types of translation which can be used by professional translators to respond to the various translation requirements which can arise during the course of their work. In absolute translation, the whole of ST is transferred into TL, with no alteration to the content or the form of the original document.2. Abstract Translation 摘要翻译古阿德克提出的用以应付不同翻译要求的七种翻译策略之一。

摘要翻译是将源文本的全部信息扼要译出，目的是让客户“迅速得到特定类型的信息”。

其方法有多种：第一种是翻译源文本的一般主题思想；第二种是概述源文本的主要内容、文本主旨及次要内容；第三种是节录源文本中一切有用的内容。

According to Gouadec, one of seven strategies proposed by Gouadec to fulfill the various translation needs which arise in a professional environment. In abstract translation, a condensed translation of all the information in ST is made in order to give the client "rapid access to specific types of information". This may be done in various ways. Firstly, the generic themes of the text may be translated; secondly, a description may be given of the generic content and the objectives of the text and its sub-units; thirdly, an abridged translation of all the useful content of the text may be supplied.3. Abusive Translation 滥译路易斯用来表示文学翻译中极端做法的一个术语。

一、专题知识梳理知识点1：考情分析翻译是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。

高考中的汉译英多为简单句或简单的复合句，所考核的词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。

知识点2：考查重难点词汇短语：高中教材中的常用词汇和短语句型结构：⑴状语从句和名词性从句⑵定语从句⑶特殊句式考查强调句或倒装句知识点3：真题考点解读a.非谓语动词⑴看到奶奶有些睡意，他拉上窗帘并把电视的音量调低了。

(turn)Seeing Grandma a little sleepy, he drew the curtains and turned the TV down.⑵舅舅昨天寄给我一张卡片，祝贺我18岁生日。

(congratulate)My uncle sent me a card yesterday to congratulate / congratulating me on my 18thbirthday.b.定语从句⑴在展览会上，公司销售经理展示了孩子们翘首以盼的新型电子玩具。

(demonstrate)At the exhibition, the company’s sales manager demonstrated the new (type of)electronic toys (which/ that) children were looking forward to.⑵演出以一段五十多岁的人耳熟能详的经典音乐开始。

(familiar)The performance began with a piece of classical music which was familiar to people in their fifties.c.状语从句⑴ 自从出国留学后，她就不再和我们保持联系了。

(No longer)No longer has she kept in touch with us since she went abroad for further study /education.⑴ 她一看完那个关于已灭绝物种的电视节目，就立志加入野生动物保护组织。

新东方在线考研翻译基础班讲义课程简介以讲解翻译基础知识为主，基本不涉及考研翻译的真题。

但是，真题很重要，有必要在强化训练中完全掌握真题。

课程大纲考研翻译基础知识一翻译的定义二翻译的标准和翻译的方法三翻译的基本过程四考研翻译的核心解题策略第二章翻译技巧：词法翻译法一词义选择和词义引申二词性转换三增词法四省略法第三章翻译技巧：句法翻译法一名词性从句的翻译二定语从句的翻译三状语从句的翻译四被动结构的翻译第一讲翻译的定义翻译是一门语言的艺术，是语言之间的转换，是在准确理解的基础上用一种语言来忠实的表达另外一种语言。

考研翻译简介（一）考研翻译考查内容和形式根据全国硕士研究生统一考试英语考试大纲规定，考研翻译“主要考查考生准确理解内容或结构复杂的英语材料的能力。

要求考生阅读一篇约400词的文章，并将其中5个划线部分（约150词）译成汉语，要求译文准确、完整、通顺。

考生在答题卡2上作答。

”以2007年考研翻译题为例，考生在试卷上阅读的是一篇完整的文章，翻译的是5个划线部分。

如：（二）考研翻译的评分标准根据大纲规定，考研翻译的评分标准如下：5个小题，每题2分，共10分。

·如果句子译文明显扭曲原文意义，该句得分最多不超过0.5分。

·如果考生就一个题目提供了两个或两个以上的译法，若均正确，给分；如果其中一个译法有错，按错误译法评分。

·中文错别字不个别扣分，按整篇累计扣分。

在不影响意思的前提下，满三个错别字扣0.5分，无0.25扣分。

（三）考研翻译今年考题特点和内容根据对大纲和最近十几年来考研翻译已经考过的真题的分析，我们发现考研翻译具有如下明显的特点。

首先，考研翻译的短文内容大多是涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、哲学、心理和科普方面的题材。

其体裁基本上是议论文。

如：1990年：人的性格和行为分析1991年：能源与农业1992年：智力评估的科学性1993年：科学研究的方法1994年：科学家、技术与科学发展的关系1995年：标准化测试与评估1996年：科学发展的差别和动力1997年：动物的权利1998年：天体物理学中的大爆炸理论1999年：历史研究的方法论2000年：政府调控与工业化发展2001年：计算机与未来生活2002年：行为科学的发展2003年：人类学的发展2004年：语言学2005年：传媒领域中的电视媒介2006年：美国知识分子的作用2007年：法学在新闻报道中的作用。

英语翻译基础讲义LIUYONGQUAN第一章翻译的基本原则1.Nature of Translation(翻译的性质)Translation is a science.Translation is an art.Translation is a craft.Translation is a skill.Translation is an operation.Translation is a language activity.Translation is communication2.Principles of Translation(翻译的原则)Three characters “信，达，雅”（faithfulness, expressiveness and elegance）———严复《天演论》Three characters “信，达，切”(faithfulness, expressiveness and closeness) ———刘重德《翻译十讲》Summary:忠实与通顺(1) Faithfulness of Translation (翻译的忠实)Strictly speaking, faithfulness is the generalization of the principles of translation. That’s to say, true translation demands that the translator be faithful to the content, language and style of the original at the same time.Eg. 1.War, pestilence and famine consumed one million people.战争，瘟疫和饥馑毁掉了一百万人。

该句译文从三个方面与原文都是一致的。

内容上，措辞完全对应；形式上，中英文都是陈述句，且语序相同。

大学英语高级翻译讲义及答案篇一：全新大学英语课后翻译1. As it was a formal dinner party, I wore formal dress, as mother told me to.2. His girlfriend advised him to get out of/ get rid of his bad habit of smoking before it took hold.3. Anticipating that the demand for electricity will be high during the next few months, they have decided to increase its production.4. It is said that Bill has been fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules./ Bill is said to be fired for continually violating the company’s safety rules.5. It is reported that the government has taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage./ The local government is reported to have taken proper measures to avoid the possibility of a severe water shortage.Unit 21. Half an hour had gone by, but the last bus hadn’t come yet. We had to walk home.2. Mary looks as if she is very worried about the Chinese exam because she hasn’t learned the texts by heart.3. Since the basketball match has been postponed, we might as well visit the museum.4. He stayed in Australia with his parents all the way through World War II.5. Since I graduated from Nanjing University in 1985, I have kind of lost touch with my classmates.Unit 31. As is predicted by scientists, global pollution has become one of the most serious problems humans are faced with.2. Competition for these jobs is very tough-we have five times as many applicants this year as we did last year/ there are five times as many applicants this year as there were last year.3. As the facts show, educational programs need to fit into the national plan for economic development.4. The car burns too much gas, and moreover, the price is almost twice as much as I intend to pay.5. To understand a great international event, we, first of all, need to consider the historical and political background to it.Unit 41. It is reported that the UN mediators have worked out a plan which they hope will be acceptable to both sides.2. Doris walked in the forest cautiously, afraid of being attacked by giant snakes.3. Earthquakes, typhoons and other natural disasters cannot be prevented, but action can be taken to protect life and property.4. I bought a new issue of my favorite sports magazine and hurried home, anxious to amuse myself reading it.5. Helen lacks confidence, I have never known anyone so unsure of herself.Unit 51. I am not sure where you can find a good carpenter--you’d better ask around.2. Feeling a little embarrassed, he quickly cleared his throat and looked up at the painting on the wall.3. Michael was survived by three sons, two daughters, and his wife Elizabeth.4. As a financial expert, William advised us to invest our money in the stock market.5. We small retailers can not compete with supermarkets in pricing and sales.1. Before I went off to university, my grandfather gave me a few words of wisdom which impressed me deeply.2. Never tell my parents about my injuries and I will be very grateful to you for it.3. At the meeting some of our colleagues put forward sensible suggestions about improving our working environment.4. The management has/ have agreed to grant the workers a 10% pay rise in response to union pressure.5. It was very thoughtful of the hostess to give the house a thorough cleaning before we arrived. Unit 71. A local business undertook the project but went bankrupt before it was completed.2. Let’s make a deal--you wash my car, and I’ll let you use it tonight.3. We got to village which we thought must have been wiped out in the severe earthquake, only to find it slightly damaged.4. My garden is dry and shady--few plants thrive in that condition.5. Mystery still surrounds the exact truth behind the film star’s death/ exact circumstan ces of the film star’s death.Unit 81. Without one’s personal file, an applicant can hardly expect to be/get employed as a teacher.2. With enough ice, we would be able to chill the drinks.3. In my humble opinion, reading is the most pleasant way to spend one’s leisure.4. Some people said it was a miracle that the American athlete Michael Phelps won eight gold medals at the 2008 Beijing Olympic Games.5. The washing machine has broken down, so we have to wash our clothesby hand.篇二：英语高级翻译学生材料讲义(1)英语高级翻译学生材料汉译英总论一、原文特点：1、题材2、体裁3、语言特点：语体偏正式二、增强汉译英能力的途径。