句子从用途上分：
1.陈述句：1）肯定句2）否定句
2疑问句：
1）一般疑问句2）选择疑问句3）反意疑问句4）特殊疑问句5）双重疑问句3．祈使句：4．感叹句：1）what 2）How
句子从结构上分：
1．简单句2．并列句3．并列复合句
4．复合句（主从复合句）
1）名词性从句：____________________________________________
2）形容词性从句：定从（________________________________________________）
3) 副词性从句: 状从______________________________________________
简单句的五种基本句型:
1、________________________
2、________________________
3、_______________________________
4、________________________________
5、_______________________________________
subject）: 句子的主要说的人或物。是句子的行为或动作的主体。（写出做主语的词性）
The sun rises in the east._________________________He likes dancing.
Twenty years is a short time in history.Seeing is believing.
To see is to believe. What he needs is a book.
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.
(一). 指出下列句中主语的中心词
①The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
②There is an old man coming here.
③The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。（写出做谓语的词性）
We study English. __________________________ He likes playing the games._______________________
(二) 选出句中谓语的中心词
①I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus? A. Do B. usually C.go D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
A. will be
B. meeting
C. the library
D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast
⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. A. Tom B. didn't C. do D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this. A. want B. to tell C. you D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor. A. We B. had C. send D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music. A. is B. interested C. in D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to? A. give B .did C. whom D. book
predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。（写出做表语的词性）
He is a teacher. Five and five is ten.
He is asleep. His father is in.
The picture is on the wall. My watch is gone / missing / lost.
To wear a flower is to say“I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring.The question is whether they will come.
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet.
Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
(三) 挑出下列句中的表语
①The old man was feeling very tired. ②Why is he worried about Jim?
③The leaves have turned yellow. ④Soon They all became interested in the subject.
⑤She was the first to learn about it.
（写出做宾语的词性）
1）动作的承受者-----动宾
I like China. ________ He hates you. ________
How many do you need? We need two._______ We should help the old and the poor. _______ I enjoy working with you. ______ I hope to see you again. _________
Did you write down what he said? ____________
2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾
Under the snow, there are many rocks._________
3间宾（指人）和直宾（指物）
He gave me a book yesterday. ________________ Give the poor man some money._________________ (四) 挑出下列句中的宾语
①My brother hasn't done his homework. ②People all over the world speak English.
③You must pay good attention to your pronunciation. ④How many new words did you learn last class?
⑤Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
⑥The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill. ⑦They made him monitor of the class.
⑧Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
⑨You will find it useful after you leave school. ⑩They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is. 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
①Please tell us a story. ②My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③Mr Li is going to teach us history next term. ④Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤Did he leave any message for me?
（写出做宾补的词性）
We elected him monitor. ________________ We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. _________
We will make them happy. ____________________ We found nobody in. ____________
Please make yourself at home. __________ Don’t let him do that. ___________________
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. ______________
_____________ I’ll have m y bike repaired. _______________________
（写出做主补的词性）
_____________ She was found singing in the next room . ______________ He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson .____________________
(五) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语
①She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
②He asked her to take the boy out of school. ③She found it difficult to do the work.
④They call me Lily sometimes. ⑤I saw Mr Wang get on the bus.
⑥Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
‘……的’表示。定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some, any, every, no构成的复合不定代词时，（如：something、nothing）；或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时，则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
（写出做定语的词性）
Ai Yan ling is a chemistry teacher.__________ He is our friend. ________________
We belong to the third world. ________________ He was advised to teach the lazy boy a
lesson.______
The man over there is my old friend._________________________
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.___________________
The boys playing football are in Class 2. __________The trees planted last year are growing well now.
I have an idea to do it well. _______________You should do everything that I do. ________________
(六) 挑出下列句中的定语
①They use Mr, Mrs with the family name. ②What is your given name?
③On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3. ④I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
⑤The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑥I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步.状语在句子中的位置很灵活，常见情况为：通常在句子基本结构之后，强调时放在句首；修饰形容词或副词时，通常位于被修饰的词之前；表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头，强调时放在句首，地点状语一般须在时间状语之前；一些表示不确定时间（如：often）或程度（如：almost）的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后，动词之前。
1）副词做状语：
The teacher came in, with glasses on his nose.（注意，此句on his nose不可省略！）
The boy needs a pen very much（程度状语）
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother. 男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支笔。（宾语较长状前置）The boy really needs a pen. 男孩真的需要一支钢笔。（程度状语）
The boy needs a pen now. Now the boy needs a pen.=The boy, now , needs a pen. 男孩现在需要一支钢笔。2）介词短语作状语：
In the classroom, the boy needs a pen. 在教室里，男孩需要一支钢笔。（地点状语）
Before his mother, Tom is always a boy. 在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语)
On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
3）分词（短语）作状语：
He sits there, asking for a pen. 他坐在那儿要一支笔。（表示伴随状态）
Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 因为不得不完成作业，男孩需要一支笔。（原因状语）Frightened, he sits there soundlessly. （因为）受了惊吓，他无声地坐在那儿。（原因状语）
4）不定式作状语：
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。（目的状语）
To make his dream come true, Tom becomes very interested in business.为实现梦想,汤姆变得对商很有兴趣. 5）名词作状语：
Come this way!/走这条路！（方向状语）
6）状语从句：时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、目的状语从句、比较状语从句、让步状语从句、条件状语从句.
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
①There was a big smile on her face. ②Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
③He began to learn English when he was eleven. ④The man on the motorbike was travelling too fast.
⑤With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off. ⑥She loves the library because she loves books.
⑦I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
⑧The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
划分句子成分练习题：
1. Our school is not far from my home.
2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you
3. All of us considered him honest.
4. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.
5. He broke a piece of glass.
6. He made it clear that he would leave the city．
7. ---I love you more than her，child ．
8. Tees turn green when spring comes.
9. They pushed the door open. 10. Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 11. He wrote carefully some letters to his friends. 12.All the students think highly of his teaching 13. We need a place twice larger than this one. 14. He asked us to sing an English song.
15. Don't get nervous，help yourself to what you like．16.We will make our school more beautiful. 17. He didn't come．That is why he didn't know．18. She showed us her many of her pictures. 19. The old man lives a lonely life. 20. Luckily the 1989 earthquake did not happen in the center of town.
简单句的基本句型：
一、主谓结构（主语＋不及物动词）
1、You should study hard.
2、She went home very late yesterday evening.
3、That morning we talked a great deal.
4、The meeting will last two hours.
5、Great changes have taken place in my home town in the past ten years.
6、Things of that sort are happening all over the world every day.
7、The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919. 8、Classes begin at eight every day.
二、主谓宾结构（主语＋及物动词＋宾语）
1、I wrote a letter last night.
2、I want to talk with you this afternoon.
3、He has read this book many times.
4、They have carried out the plan successfully.
5、You must finish reading these books in two weeks.
三、主系表结构（主语＋系动词＋主语补语）
1、My brothers are all college students.
2、In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.
3、Mrs Brown looks very healthy.
4、At the age of fifteen he became a famous pianist.
5、Children, keep quiet please.
四、双宾语结构（主语＋双宾动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语）
1、Mr Johnson taught us German last year.
2、Grandma told me an interesting story last night.
3、Mary handed the wallet to the schoolmaster.
4、Would you please pass me the dictionary?
5、He showed the ticket to the conductor.
五、复合宾语结构（主语＋宾补动词＋宾语＋宾语补语）
1、We call her Alice.
2、His parents named him John.
3、All of us considered him honest.
4、They pushed the door open.
5、They have set the thief free.
6、We will make our school more beautiful.
7、He asked us to join in the game. 8、I want you to tell me the truth.
9、The guards ordered us to leave at once. 10、Tomorrow I’l l have someone repair the machine.
1、1Every morning we hear him read English aloud. 1
2、The pain made him cry out.
13、We won’t let her go out at night. 14、He has his hair cut once a month.
15、I’ll get my recor der mended. 16、The terrible sound made the children frightened.
17、She is listening to someone telling stories. 18、he boys were watching the soldiers drilling.
19、I have never seen the word used that way before. 20、He felt it very difficult to talk with you.
21、I think it more comfortable to go there by ship.
22、I consider it possible to work out the problem in another way. 23、I thought it no use talking with that man。
24、The school made it a rule that the students should stand up when class begins.
六、There be 句型
1、There isn’t going to be a meeting tonight.
2、There was only a well in the village.
3、There is (are) a teacher of music and a teacher of art in the school.
4、Among the guests there were two Americans and two Frenchmen.
5、The weatherman says there’ll be a strong wind in the afternoon.
6、The light is on. There must be someone ion the office.
7、There used to be a cinema here before the war. 8、There happened to be nobody in the room.
U1
more adj 更多的nothing pron 没有东西；没有事情bowl n 碗honest adj 诚实的，正直的secret n 秘密adj 秘密的joy n 欢乐，高兴；乐趣special adj 特别的，特殊的sad adj 难过的，令人难过的believe vt 相信teenager n 13－18岁的青少年magazine n 杂志good-looking adj 好看的，漂亮的musical adj 有音乐天赋的，音乐的；爱好音乐slim adj 苗条generous adj 慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的willing adj 乐意的，愿意的ready adj 乐意的，愿意的singer n 歌手almost adv 几乎，差不多round adj 圆形的smart adj 聪明的sense n 观念，意识，；感官；感觉humour n 幽默bored adj 无聊的joke 玩笑fit vi 被容纳off prep 离开，脱离advertisement n 广告shoulder-length adj 齐肩的everyone pron 每个人true adj 忠实的；真实的；真的vote vi 选举，投票thin adj 瘦的，薄的square adj 正方形的；平方的n 正方形；广场handsome adj 英俊的cheerful adj 令人快乐的，快乐的printer n 打印机eyesight n 视力unit 2
British adj. 英国的corridor n. <英>走廊dustbin n. <英>垃圾箱lift n. <英>电梯fall n. <美>秋天garbage n. <美>垃圾hall n. <美>走廊elevator n. <美>电梯movie n. <美>电影recess n. <美>课间休息soccer n. <美>足球mixed adj. 男女混合的；混合的together adv. 在一起，共同subject n. 科目home Economics n. 家政课myself n. 我自己
tasty adj. 味道好的meal n. 一顿饭guy n. <口>家伙, 朋友们；各位
twice adv. 两次；两倍softball n. 垒球practice vt.&vi. <美>练习，操练
buddy n. 好朋友；搭档senior n. (8A)(大学或中学的)毕业生hero n. 被崇拜的对象；英雄close adj. 密切的，亲密的least adj. 最少的；最小的admire vi. 钦佩，羡慕geography n. 地理history n. 历史language n. 语言
PE(Physical Education) abbr. 体育(课) science n. 科学useful adj. 有用的；有益的unimportant adj. 不重要的boring adj. 无聊的，令人乏味的useless adj. 无用的unpopular adj. 不受欢迎的；不流行的article n. 文章paper clip n. 回形针alike adj. 同样的，相像的notebook n. 笔记本timetable n. 时刻表；时间表length n. 长，长度off adv. 休假，休息summertime n. 夏季
kilometer n. 千米，公里monkey n. 猴子news n. 新闻
finish vt.&vi. 结束，停止; 结束，完成tick n.&vt. 小记号; 给……标记号
ideal adj. 想像的；理想的pop adj. 通俗的；流行的tennis court n. 网球场unit 3
Come on. 来吧。快点。ourselves pron. 我们自己coffee shop n. 咖啡馆; 小吃部greeting n. 问候greetings n. 祝愿语president n. 总统，国家主席mom n. <美>妈妈invite vt. 邀请beginning n. 开始，起初coach n. 长途汽车，教练city n. & adj. 城市的; 城市, 市highway n. (城镇间的)公路sky n. 天，天空metal n. & adj. 金属; 金属的interest n. 令人感兴趣的事(或人)；兴趣real adj. 真的，天然的；真实的amazing adj. 令人惊奇的，惊人的
parade n. (庆祝)游行himself pron. 他自己home page n. 主页yourself pron. 你自己yourselves pron 你们自己herself pron 她自己movement n. 行进；运行；走动main adj. 主要的stomach n. 胃，肚子
hike vi. 徒步旅行，远足beauty n. 美，美丽decide vt.&vi. 决定prepare vt.&vi. 准备sunset n. 日落；傍晚possible adj. 可能的themselves pron. 他们自己itself pron. 它自己rock n. 岩石hide-and-seek n. 捉迷藏wonder adj.&n. 对……感到疑惑；想知道; 奇迹climber n. 登山者luckily adv. 幸好，幸运的是final n. &adj. 决赛；期终考试; 最后的cheer vi. 欢呼，喝彩fare n. 车费，船费，飞机票价supporter n. 支持者，拥护者half-time n. 中场休息presentation n. 授予(赠送)仪式；演示cup n. 奖杯medal n. 奖牌，奖章cost n. 费用，价格per prep. 每，每一
receive vt. 得到；接到over prep. 超过sure adv. 当然winner n. 获胜者pack vt. 把……打包，把……装箱badly adv. 拙劣地，糟糕地；严重地
airport n. 机场shuttle bus n. 短程往返运行的公共汽车
unit 4
wild adj. 野生的delicious adj. 美味的，可口的bear n. 熊
kangaroo n. 袋鼠
survive vi. 活下来，继续存在，幸存hunter n. 猎人fur n. (动物的)毛，毛皮farmer n. 农民；农场主forest n. 森林nowhere n. 无处，没有地方danger n. 危险following adj. 以下的，接着的action n. 行动
encourage vt. 劝告；鼓励safe adj. 安全的thick adj. 厚的；密的；浓的alive adj. 活着的writer n. 作者camel n. 骆驼fox n. 狐狸giraffe n. 长颈鹿polar bear n. 北极熊tortoise n. 龟，乌龟wolf n. 狼
zebra n. 斑马bamboo n. 竹子rainforest n. (热带)雨林
report n. &vt. &vi. 报告；报道attack vt. &vi. &n. 攻击，进攻
spit vt. &vi. 吐出; 吐唾沫step vi. 踩，踏上poison n. 毒物，毒药male adj. 雄的；男(性)的hunt vt. &vi. 寻找；打猎，猎食; 追猎；搜寻character n. 特点；性格，品质medicine n. 药smell n. 嗅觉
peaceful adj. 和平的，安宁的continue vi. & vt. 继续; 使继续
suitable adj. 合适的，适宜的farmland n. 农田，耕地sell vt. 卖，出售train vt. 训练mice n. [mouse的复数形式]老鼠sharp adj. 尖的；锋利的upright adv. 挺直地；竖立地；垂直地
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
及结构的划分
句子成分 ? 1.汉语的句子成分 ?1．什么是句子 ?句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。 ? 2.什么是句子成分？ ?组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。
?汉语中句子成分的名称及符号 ?名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。 ?符号：主语=谓语－宾语～ ?定语（）状语[ ]补语< > ?句子的基本成分是：主语、谓语、宾语。 ?补充成分是：定语、状语、补语。 ?英语中的句子成分 英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 句子主体部分：主语和谓语（在英文中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语）。 表语、宾语和宾语补足语是谓语里的组成部分。 句子的次要部分：定语和状语。
句子成分的划分（汉语） ?.（1）划分句子成分，首先要研究主语、谓语、宾语。 ?主语：是谓语陈述的对象，指明说的是“什么人”或“什么事物”。?谓语：是陈述主语，说明主语的，说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”。?宾语：在动词后面，表示动作、行为所涉及的人或事物，回答“谁” 或“什么”一类问题。 ?句子一般有两种情况：写人、写物（写事、写物）。分析句子时，首先判断是“写人”还是“写物”。 ?①．写人格式：“谁”＋“干什么” ?（主语）（谓语）（宾语） ?例：杨亚‖写字 ?主谓宾 ?注意：处理复杂的单句时，要抓主干。 ?例：一中的杨亚║在课桌上写着毛笔字。 ?主谓宾 ?
英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 （一）、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语） 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语） 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. （二）、谓语
划分句子成分练习 练习1.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。 1）Tree s turns green when spring comes. 2）The old man was feeling very tired. 3）His job is to train swimmers. 4）Where he was buried remained unknown. 5）What he said proved true. 6）We must keep quiet. 7）The shop stayed open until eleven. 8）She appeared younger than she really was. 9）His face went red. 10）He fell ill last week. 11）The cake I ate yesterday taste delicious. 从上面我们可以看出，常见的系动词有，_____、_____、______、______、______、_____、_______、________等，它们下面一般跟________词作表语。 练习 2.分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，体会it的替代性用法。 1）It is very plain to me that he is round and tall like a tree. 2）It is a fact that English is being accepted as an
international language. 3）It worried her a bit than her hair was turning grey. 4）The chairman thought it necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the meeting. 5）She made it her duty to look after all the other people’s affaires in that town. 6）I don’t think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work. 7）He made it known to his friends that he didn’t want to enter politics. 8）I leave it to your own judgment whether you should do it. 从上面我们可以看出，作形式主语和宾语一般用代词______,真正的主语或宾语通常是________或__________，放在下面。 练习 3. 分析下列句子成分，在下面标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种。口译，留意定语是什么词性或结构充当，并留意定语的位置。 1）Comrades in her group often help her with grammar. 2）The women on the left are making shirts for the neighbors. 3）The letter on the desk is for Mr. Wu.
句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如：讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。 如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如：It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如：
英语句子成分 定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分； 主要成分：主语和谓语 次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语 I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday. 主语：句子的主体 Students study English. Smoking is bad for health. What he has said is true. 从句做主语（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It是形式主语，从句that...tree才是真正主语）（主语从句） 练习：划出句中主语 The sun rises in the east. Twenty years is a short time in history. The poor are now living in the shelter. Seeing is believing. To see is to believe. What he needs is a book. 谓语：动词或者动词词组 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Students study English
2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。 如：He can speak English. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。 如：We are students. 练习：选出下列句子中的谓语 I don't like the picture on the wall. I usually go to school by bus. Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast? Tom didn't do his homework yesterday. What I want to tell you is this. We had better send for a doctor. He is interested in music. He can speak English well. 表语：系动词后面的成分 名词作表语I am a student. My father is a teacher. 形容词作表语This table is long. You look young. It gets cold. It sounds interesting. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are in the park. 不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语（表语从句）That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 系动词： (1) 状态: be 动词 (2) 持续：表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep,remain,stay,rest,lie,stand.
Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁” We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么” The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough.三个人就够了 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语 What we need is food.我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”.
It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”， 3 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语 You look younger than before. 名词作表语 My father is a teacher. 副词作表语 Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语 My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语 Her job is training the nurses. 从句作表语 That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 4．宾语 ▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起
一、句子成分 （一）句子成分的定义： 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语(Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如： 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词) 2.We often speak English in class. （代词）
3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.（数词） 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式） 5.Smoking does harm to the health.(名词) 6.The rich should help the poor. （名词化形容词） 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（从句） 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it是形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式） （三）谓语 谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 （四）表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如： 1.Our teacher of English is an American. （名词） 2.Is it yours?（代词） 3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词） 4.The speech is exciting.（分词） 5.Three times seven is twenty one?（数词） 6.His job is to teach English.（不定式） 7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词） 8.The meeting is of great importance. （介词短语） 9.Time is up. The class is over.（副词） 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句） 注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。 1）状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，例如： He is a teacher.
英语语法——英语句子成分分析 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be 动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。） 这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。 ５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。 ６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语
一、句子成分的定义 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个清晰完整的意思。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语和补语。句子成分是在句子中起一定功用的组成部分，包括主、谓、宾、定、状、补、表等。句子本身的结构是很简单的，只不过是结构套结构。 二、句子成分划分的种类 句子成分划分主要是对句子中的词、短语和从句进行划分。 1.词的划分： 如：1）Xiao Ming bought a beautiful flower. 主谓定 定宾 2）What I said is that you are kind. 主从系表从 从句再分: what I said 宾主谓 that you are kind 连接词主系表
一般来说，根据词性来划分词在句子中充当的成分是比较容易的，如：名词可以在句子中充当主语，宾语，表语等。动词只能表示 谓语的各种形式；形容词多作定语和表语，用来描述人或事物的性质、 特征、状态等等。 2.短语划分： 划分词组在句子中充当的成分较词稍难，因为词组在句子中的位置不确定，单个词作定语的时候，一般放在所修饰词的前面，如cle ar water,而短语作定语时位置正相反，一定要放到所修饰词的后面 作后置定语，如the boy under the tree ( 树下的男孩)，其中非 谓语动词短语作定语，其本身又表示一定的意义： 如：doing sth. 表示主动，进行的意思。 dong 表示被动完成的意思。 to do 放于句首表目的，作定语表示将来。 例：1）With the workers working in the factory, I paid a visit to it. 2) With the problem settled, I can go out to play. 3) To be energetic tomorrow, I’ll go to bed earlier tonigh t. 4) With the problem to solve, the newly elected Mayor will have a hard time. 句子1）中 working表示主动意义，其逻辑主语是workers，同时，根据句子的意思也表示进行的意义；句子2）中根据句意我们应
英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构（5种） 1、主语+谓语（s+v） 2、主语+系动词+表语（s+l+p） 3、主语+谓语+宾语（s+v+o） 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语（指人）+直接宾语（指物）(s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语（s+v+o+c） 二、句子成分：（主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语） 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （）He likes dancing. （） Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. （） To see is to believe.（）What he needs is a book.（） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.
一、句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补）除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”、“同位语”和“独立成分”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。独立成分与句子的其他成分没有语法上的联系，能用作独立成分的有：感叹词、呼语和插入语。 1.主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。可以作主语的词性或语法结构有：①名词②代词③数词④名词化的形容词（如the rich）⑤不定式⑥动名词⑦主语从句等表示。例如：Tom is a clever boy.（专有名词人名作主语） 画出句子的主语，并说明其构成方式： ①During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. ②We often speak English in class. ③One-third of the students in this class are girls. ④To swim in the river is a great pleasure. ⑤Smoking does harm to the health. ⑥The rich should help the poor. ⑦When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. ⑧It is necessary to master a foreign language. ⑨That he isn’t a t home is not true. 正确运用主语的各种形式
句子成分(Members of a Sentence) 什么叫句子成分呢？句子的组成成分叫句子成分。在句子中，词与词之间有一定的组合关系，按照不同的关系，可以把句子分为不同的组成成分。句子成分由词或词组充当。现代汉语里一般的句子成分有六种，即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。英语的基本成分有七种：主语（subject）、谓语（predicate）、表语（predicative）、宾语（object）、定语（attribute）、状语(adverbial) 和补语（complement）。 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下： 一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 三：ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） 四：ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） 五：ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） 基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 主语：可以作主语的成分有名词（如boy），主格代词（如you），动词不定式，动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家！ 谓语：谓语由动词构成，是英语时态、语态变化的主角，一般在主语之后。不及物动词（vi.）没有宾语，形成主谓结构，如：We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 Ｓ│Ｖ（不及物动词） 1. The sun │was shining. 太阳在照耀着。 2. The moon │rose. 月亮升起了。 3. The universe │remains. 宇宙长存。 4. We all │breathe, eat, and drink. 我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5. Who │cares? 管它呢？ 6. What he said │does not matter. 他所讲的没有什么关系。 7. They │talked for half an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。 8. The pen │writes smoothly 这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语＋不及物动词She came．. ?主语＋及物动词＋宾语She likes English. ?主语＋系动词＋主语补语 ?She is happy． ?主语＋动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 ?She gave John a book． ?She bought a book for me. ?主语＋动词＋宾语＋宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry． ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?（There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名／代－－动词－－名／代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名／代－系动词－形容次／名词／代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.
?相同点都三部分，主语也一样．不同动词和系动词，时态一样，否定式不同．动词加助动词，系动词不用．表语可以是形容词，宾语不行．只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种： ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如：I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如：He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如：He works hard .(他工作努力)
英语句子成分划分详解 主语：就是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。 如：我看书。谁看书？“我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）:句子说明的人或事物。 The sun （rises）in the east. （名词） He likes （dance）. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) （See） is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我”干什么？“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。 一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主语）。再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语（predicate）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。 宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China.（名词） He hates （she）.（代词） How do you need? We need two.（数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy （work）with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式） Did you write down what he said?（宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 表语：是和系动词紧密相连的。在陈述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是“主系表”
概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 句子成分分类 1．主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁”-----人 We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”----物 The classroom is very big. 数词作主语----人或物 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语-----事《相当于语文中的短语：争取冠军是有可能的》 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor ’s job. 从句作主语------一件事（句子）《例：张三打人是不对的》 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲ 在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如： There are some bottles of milk in the box.《some bottles of milk are in the box.》 ▲ 在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it 作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick ”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语 谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如： He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. 没有区别嘛 it 也是代表的一件事
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 1. 主语（subject）：句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east （名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe.（不定式） What he needs is a book.（主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） (一）指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do toda y's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 谓语（predicate）：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus