Book 4
Unit 1
I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its
appropriate form.
1. She wouldn’t want to ______ them _____ the suffering of a huge ceremony.
2. The famous orator ________ the public to promote his newly-published book which could
add to his reputation.
3. At that period, South Africa _____ a period of unchangeable events as the Blacks were
fighting for quality.
4. ______, we should not be surprised about some of Mrs. Thatcher’s comments, bearing in
mind the party she belonged to.
5. Parley ______ general pressure from the society and bitterly took the child to a specialist.
6. The world is changing rapidly, our plans must change accordingly. Otherwise, we
should _______ with the harsh market economy.
7. Martin’s upbringing shaped his whole life, with so many _______ every now and then.
8. Julia has been made to undergo physical and psychological _______ for her inability in
having children.
II. Translation exercises
1. 我安排他们在小酒吧见面，但那个小伙一直都没有来。(turn up)
2. 你无法仅凭表象判断形势是否会变得对我们不利。(tell from appearance)
3. 那个士兵每次打仗都冲锋在前，从而赢得了国家最高的荣誉。(stand in the gap)
4. 主席讲话很有说服力，委员会其他成员都听从他的意见。(yield to)
5. 他们现在生活富裕了，但也曾经历坎坷。(ups and downs)
6. 这次演讲我将说明两个问题。(address oneself to)
7. 我们正筹划为你举办一次盛大的圣诞聚会。(in somebody’s honor)
8. 听到那个曲子，我回想起了儿童时代。(throw one’s mind back)
Key:
I.
1. put…through
2. addressed himself to
3. was going through
4. Throwing our minds back to
5. yielded to
6. close an account
7. ups and downs
8. misfortunes
1.
2. I had arranged for them to meet each other at the pub but the young man never turned
up.
3. You cannot tell merely from appearance whether things will turn out unfavorable to us
or not.
4. The soldier, who stood in the gap in every battle, gained the highest honors of the
country.
5. The chairman spoke so frequently that the rest of the committee yielded to his opinion.
6. They are well-to-do now, but along the way they had their ups and downs.
6. There are two questions to which I will address myself in the lecture.
7. We are planning a big Christmas party in your honor.
8. Hearing the tune threw my mind back to my childhood.
Unit 2
I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its appropriate form.
1. As I was about to leave the restaurant, a young man ______ to me and said, “May I help you?”
2. Not satisfied with the present position in the company, he is trying to ______ a much greater role for himself.
3. Women tend to __________ their success ____ external causes such as assistance from friends.
4. Ronald’s success ________for his place in Germany’s world championship team.
5. My job is to challenge, but not threaten them. So I must be careful not_______ their toes.
6. A young lady and her little son were seriously injured when a car _______ them on a crossing.
7. Loss of weight ________ directly _________ the rate at which the disease is progressing.
8. In contemporary society, most farmers have bank managers _________ in order to secure their financial balance.
II. Translation exercises
1. 那只鸽子被夹在树叉里，不一会儿就跌落下来。(wedge sth/sb.in)
2. 驾车人该付多少钱需要根据他对别人车子造成损坏的程度而定。(be proportional to)
3. 你只有伏在地上慢慢爬过一条狭长的通道才能进入山洞。(inch)
4. 他一面结结巴巴地说着道歉的话，一面羞怯地朝门口走去。(sidle)
5. 他尽力向我解释说不是因为我工作不好而解雇我, 而是因为公司支付不了我的工资。(take pains to)
6. 年轻士兵的入伍给军队带来了新的希望并鼓舞了士气。(infuse into)
7.一旦大一些的男孩子声称草坪属于他们,别的孩子就不敢去玩了。(stake a claim to)
8. 跟在她身后的人让她心神不安,她不由得加快了脚步。(make sb. uneasy)
Key:
I.
1. sidled up
2. carve out
3. attribute…to
4. staked a claim
5. to tread on
6. plowed into
7. is…proportional to
8. breading down their necks
II.
1. The pigeon was wedged in the fork of a branch but fell off after a while.
2. The payment that the motorist will have to make will be proportional to the amount of damage
he has done to the other person’s car.
3. You can only enter the cave by inching through a narrow tunnel on your stomach.
4. She stammered some apology as she sidled towards the door.
5. He took pains to explain to me that I was being dismissed not because I didn’t do my work well but because the company could not pay my wages.
6. The enlistment of young soldiers infused new hope and morale into the army.
7. Once the older boys stake a claim to the lawn, no other boys dare go on it.
8. The man following her made her uneasy and she couldn’t help quickening her steps.
Unit 3
I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
1. John’s mind if always full of fantasies. He dreams of changing the world__________.
2. Edward Stuart became a brilliant scholar, but only_____________ his health.
3.The corporation was determined to push forward the policy of reform, but the new system
____________ great difficulties at the start.
4. In order to gain the utmost amount of benefit, this corporation __________ the exceptional
opportunities open in exports.
5. It presented in satirical terms points made ____________ by catholic writers, which proved
to be a great success.
6. Two tennis courts and a swimming pool______________ the regular members of the club,
but the season tickets are only valid for three months.
7. According to the Federal Bureau of Inspection, a man seen hanging around the area
_________the shooting could have been involved in the assassination of the President. 8. An opposition statesman said he hoped the agreement __________ them _________ about
the futility of violence.
II. Translation exercises:
1. 15年来，医生们一致用抗癌药治疗这种疾病，这些药就像大锤一样打垮患者体内的防御力量。（equivalent of ）
2. 无可否认，香烟会使人上瘾。而一旦你上了瘾，就很难戒除这个习惯了。(addict)
1. 在日本人生产的一种电子游戏中，玩游戏的人可以模仿爱滋病人患者从染上艾滋病毒知道死亡的经历。(simulate)
1. 我肯定，他说你可以用这笔钱继续学习音乐时认真的。(in earnest)
2. 我们只能以牺牲质量为代价来提高生产率，但这可能会损害公司的声誉。(at the expense of )
1. 探险者遇到了几乎难以逾越的峡谷。(confront with)
2. 一名外语教师如果要在中学任教，他最起码要持有正规教育院校颁发的穴位证书。（at
the
very least ）
1. 我很快觉察到我无法使他改变想法。（perceive）
Key:
I.
1. for the better
2. at the expense of
3. was confronted with
4. took advantage of
5. in earnest
6. are available for
7. prior to
8. would give…pause to think
II.
1. For the past 15 years, doctors have tried to treat this disease with anticancer drugs, equivalent of
a hammer, to beat down the body’s defense forces.
2. There’s no denying that smoking is addictive. And once you are addicted, it’s very difficult to get rid of the habit.
3. In a Japanese-made video game, players can simulate the experience of AIDS from HIV infection until death.
4. I’m sure he was in earnest when he said that you could use this money to continue your study of
music
5. We can only increase production at the expense of quality, which could ruin the company’s reputation.
6. The explores were confronted with an insurmountable valley.
7. A teacher of foreign language should possess at the very least a graduate degree from a certified
education school or institute if he is to teach high school.
8. I soon perceived that I couldn’t make him change his mind.
Unit 4
I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word taken from the box in the proper form.
1. John _______ if the firm needs an Information Technology engineer because he can encode programs for the firm.
2. The old man’s face _________ the lines of pressu re and exhaustion that have accumulated over the years.
3. The Johnsons thought this relative had come just for a short visit, but it seems he is staying ______.
4. The root of all these events ____________ the feudal system that had existed for thousands of years.
5. ____________ history seems to be impossible to be repeating itself. Otherwise, human beings cannot make any progress at all.
6. The company actually _________ in 1945 in the war-demolished city of London with the fund of the commonwealth.
7. This tribe has lingered on the ________ of civilization for centuries, but slight advances have yet been made.
8. The two parties have decided to settle the economic disputes between
them____________ in case these matters will influence their further co-operation.
II. Translation exercises
1. 他们的牛都打上了字母C的烙印。（be branded with）
2. 本赛季Brooks真正发挥了一个得分手（goal scorer）的作用。（come into one’s own）
3.一场经济危机正在威胁着那个国家。（hang over）
4. 他是真正发号施令的人物，但他总是躲在幕后。（in the background）
5.派出信使后，我们所能做的就只有等待了。（dispatch）
6. 你只要一叫，他马上就到。（in a flash）
7.他们在战争的阴霾下整整生活了17年。（in the shadow of ）
8.这些是现存的最后7头东北虎，如果人类不加以保护的话，这一种群的老虎将濒临灭亡。（in existence）
Key:
I.
1. will come into his own
2. is branded with
3. for good
4. lay in
5. In certain respect
6. came into existence
7. outskirts
8. once and for all
II.
1. Their cattle were branded with the letter C.
2. In this season Brooks has really come into his own as a goal scorer.
3. An economic crisis is hanging over that country.
4. He is the man who really gives the order, but he always remains in the background.
5. After dispatching the messenger, what is left for us t o do is nothing but to wait.
6. You just have to call and he’s here in a flash.
7. They have lived in the shadow of war for totally seventeen years.
8. These are the last seven Northeast Tigers in existence .If human beings failed to protest them,
the tigers of this species would face extinction.
Unit 5
I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its
appropriate form.
1. At the critical moment of presidential election, the candidate urged his supporters
to _________.
2. When you have made up your mind, ___________ a particular day when you will not be
under much stress.
3. From the age of 52 onwards, General Jackson was not engaged in ________ at all.
4. He actually enjoys his newly-bought Jaguar and has decided to start ________ it ____.
5. It is sad to see him go because it really ________________to the way we conduct our daily
affairs.
6. After the death of her only son, she went on occasional drinking ______.
7. Invitation to have dinner together is usually treated as a means of achieving _________ with
another person in eastern culture.
8. In his research, profess or Danes found the ______ human beings to fight after they’ve been
defeated.
II. Translation exercises
1. 你的批评近于粗暴。(border on)
2. 失业人员都应该得到政府的帮助。(count as)
3. 总的来说，我对这项实验是相当满意的。(on the whole)
4. 一个人的外表会影响别人对他的看法。(make a difference)
5. 广告倾向于把妇女描绘成非常传统的角色。(portray)
6. 刚刚继承了一大笔遗产的孪生姐妹急不可耐地炫耀她们的珠宝首饰。(show off)
7. 公众关注的中心再次转移到了城市环境的变化问题。( shift focus)
8. 相比之下，甚至最新式的飞机也显得笨拙和缓慢。(in contrast)
Key:
I.
1. hand together
2. pick on
3. soldiering
4. showing…off
5. will make a difference
6. binges
7. intimacy
8. resiliency
II.
1. Your remarks border on rudeness.
2. Any unemployed person counts as deserving government help.
3. On the whole I am quite satisfied with the experiment.
4. A person's appearance makes a difference in how others judge him.
5. Advertising tends to portray women in very traditional roles.
6. Having inherited a considerable wealth, the twin sisters were eager to show off their jewelry.
7. Public interest has once again shifted focus to the changes in the urban environment.
8. In contrast, even the most modern aircraft look clumsy and slow.
Unit 6
I. Fill in the blank in each sentence with a word or phrase taken from the box in its
appropriate form.
1. All the people of the country ________ offering the highest standards to the man who had
used up all his talents for the welfare of the people.
2. The medical expert who had just immigrated to our country _________ the research of gene
grouping.
3. Los Angeles is confident and alive after the disastrous earthquake, _______ all the qualities
of a civilized city.
4. Under the protection of their well-furnished residence, they _______ not _________most
diseases common to urban populations.
5. The murderer was about to be hanged. Before the execution, ___________ he confessed
all the crimes he had committed.
6. As university campuses become increasingly multi-ethnic, they offer ______ the conflicts
society will face tomorrow.
7. The railway company decided to extend a branch line to Newcastle to ______ coal direct
____ other cities.
8. The CEO ______ his attention _________ the practical matters relating to forming a
company specializing in securities.
II. Translation exercises
1.大厅里回响着小号独奏的乐曲声。（resonate with)
2. 我想象得出母亲在听到儿子死讯时那张苍白的脸。（in one’s mind’s eye）
3.他走路的样子使我想起他父亲也是这样走路的。（remind of）
4. 我把日期搞错了，所以到达的日期不对了。（mix up）
5.听到女儿被牛津大学录取，她心中充满了自豪。（swell）
6. 从理论上说，全体公民都有权直接获取信息，而不必等政府或媒体的过滤。（have access to）
7.在此次总统选举中，民主党发动了一场拉拢女性选民的宣传活动。（launch ）
8.他继承父亲的产业后，便沉溺于声色全马之中。（be immersed in）
Key:
I.
1. took pride in
2. was immersed in
3. resonating with
4. had…been exposed to
5. in his mind’s eye
6. a glimpse of
7. convey…to
8. turned…to
II.
1. The hall resonated with the notes of the trumpet solo.
2. I saw, in my mind’s eye, the pale face of the mother when she heard the news of her son’s death.
3. His walk reminds me of the way his father used to walk.
4. I mixed the dates up and arrived on an wrong day.
5. Her heart was welled with pride when she learned that her daughter was accepted by Oxford University.
6. Theoretically speaking, the whole population have direct access to information without waiting for being filtered by the government or the media.
7. The democrats have launched a campaign to win women votes over in this presidential election.
8. After he inher ited his father’s estate, he was immersed in all kinds of pleasure.
Unit 7
Exercises
1. When people are asked what kind of housing they need or want, the question ________ a
variety of answers.
A) defies B) magnifies
C) mediates D) evokes
2. If you want to set up a company, you must ________ with the regulations laid down by the
authorities.
A) comply B) adhere
C) confirm D) accord
3. Although there are occasional outbreaks of gunfire, we can report that the rebellion has in
the main been ________.
A) canceled B) destroyed
C) suppressed D) restrained
4. Since the two countries couldn’t ________ their differences, they decide d to stop their
negotiations.
A) rectify B) oblige
C) reconcile D) obscure
5. The presidential candidate ________ his position by winning several primary elections.
A) enforced B) enriched
C) intensified D) consolidated
DACCD
Unit 8
Exercises
1. The fuel of the continental missile is supposed to be ________ by this device.
A) ignited B) lighted
C) fired D) inspired
2. Mike just discovered that his passport had ________ three months ago.
A) abolished B) expired
C) amended D) constrained
3. Frankly speaking, your article is very good except for some ________ mistakes in grammar.
A) obscure B) glaring
C) trivial D) rare
4. There was once an ________ idea that the earth was flat and motionless.
A) absurd B) intrinsic
C) eternal D) offensive
ABCA
Unit 9
Exercises
1. Certain species disappeared or became ________ as new forms arose that were better
adapted to the Earth’s changing environment.
A) feeble B) extinct
C) massive D) extinguished
2. His ________ directions confused us; we did not know which of the two roads to take.
A) ambiguous B) complicated
C) arbitrary D) intricate
3. Franklin D. Roosevelt argued that the depression stemmed from the American economy’s
________ flaws.
A) underlining B) vulnerable
C) vulgar D) underlying
4. Some studies confirmed that this kind of eye disease was ________ in tropical countries.
A) prospective B) prevalent
C) provocative D) perpetual
5. Because of a long drought, the farmer was ________ about the prospect of a good yield.
A) doubtless B) dubious C) realistic D) cautious
6. The United Unions Conference on Drug Abuse, which took place earlier this year in Vienna,
was a very ________ meeting.
A) protective B) overwhelming C) compulsory D) productive
7. Don’t pay much attention to youthful beauty which is only ________.
A) efficient B) transient C) obedient D) residential
8. The flooding of large areas of land is ________ on the heavy rain which lasted five
consecutive days.
A) resultant B) productive C) consequent D) conspicuous
B ADBBDBC
Unit 10
Exercises
1. I am afraid that you have to alter you ________ views in light of the tragic news that has just
arrived.
A) indifferent B) distressing
C) optimistic D) pessimistic
2. Although he has had no formal education, he is one of the ________ businessmen in the
company.
A) shrewdest B) sternest
C) nastiest D) alertest
3. Stop shouting! I can’t hear the football ________.
A) judgment B) interpretation
C) commentary D) explanation
4. The cultures of China and Japan have shared many features, but each has used them
according to its national ________.
A) engagement B) destiny
C) capacity D) temperament
5. If you go to the park every day in the morning, you will ________ find him doing physical
exercise there.
A) ordinarily B) invariably C) logically D) persistently
6. The master of the house has got more money than taste, so his rooms are full of expensive
but very ________ furniture.
A) luxurious B) worn C) vulgar D) shabby
7. Overseas students are ________ to apply for admission to almost all the courses in British
universities, provided they have the necessary qualifications.
A) applicable B) eligible C) liable D) negligible
CA CDBC B
Unit 11
Exercises
1. Every member of society has to make a ________ to struggle for the freedom of the country.
A) pledge B) warranty
C) resolve D) guarantee
2. I was deeply impressed by the hostess ________ and enjoyed the dinner party very much.
A) hostility B) indignation
C) hospitality D) humanity
3. David tends to feel useless and unwanted in a society that gives so much ________ to
those who compete well.
A) prestige B) regime
C) superiority D) legislation
4. As you have seen, the value of a nation’s currency is a ________ of its economy.
A) reaction B) reflection
C) response D) revelation
5. A number of ________ have been put forward concerning the possible origins of mankind.
A) hypotheses B) theses C) syntheses D) crises
6. In order to build one of the biggest stadiums, the stadium was said to be built with an
obvious ________ for cost.
A) consideration B) attention C) ignorance D) disregard
7. You should take the ________ to avoid the traffic in the center of town even though it takes
you more time.
A) pavement B) sidewalk C) path D) bypass
ACA BADD
Unit12
Exercises
1. We should make a clear ________ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our
discussion.
A) separation B) discrimination
C) deviation D) distinction
2. The terrorists might have planted a bomb on a plane in Athens, set to ________ when it
arrived in New York.
A) go off B) get off
C) come off D) carry off
3. although the body is made up of many different tissues, these tissues are arranged in an
________ and orderly fashion.
A) intricate B) initial
C) internal D) incredible
4. The younger person’s attraction to stereos cannot be explained only ________ familiarity
with technology.
A) in quest of B) by means of
C) in terms of D) by virtue of
5. The noise of the falling rock created a ________ from the serious argument we were having.
A) diversity B) disturbance C) diversion D) division
6. It comes to be realized that different diseases are attributed to the ________ of particular
vitamins.
A) deficiencies B) deficits C) efficiency D) defects
7. A county’s ________ on imported oi l makes it vulnerable to an energy shortage in time of
trouble.
A) emphasis B) trust C) obedience D) reliance
8. The test results are beyond ________; they have been repeated in labs all over the world.
A) conflict B) dispute C) bargain D) negotiation
DAA CCADB
Unit 13
I. Translation exercises
1. 过去日本妇女的活动更多地局限在家里。(be confined to)
2. 这在一篇妙语连珠的发言中可是一个乏味的插曲。(sparkle with)
3. 有些像Michael Jordan那样的篮球运动员以魔术搬的技术扬名，而有些则以丑闻出名。(be
renowned for)
4. 我们对他精湛的医术惊叹不已。(marvel at)
5. 据说，原始人用石头制作一件工具要花上几个月甚至几年的时间。(fashion)
6. 学生们在老师身边转来转去，想知道考试的结果。(hover)
7. 强烈的责任感使他接过了这项危险性很大的任务。(set…on)
8. 没有谁跟你过不去，别那样想了。(get…out of one’s head)
Key:
I.
1. In the old days women in Japan were more confined to the household.
2. This is a dull interlude in a speech sparkling with witticism
3. While some basketball players like Michael Jordan were renowned for their magic
skills, others were notorious for their scandals.
4. We all marveled at the perfection of his medical skills.
5. It is said that it took primitive men months or even years to fashion a single tool from
stones.
6. The students hovered round their teacher, hoping to hear the examination results.
7. A strong sense of responsibility set him on taking over his hazardous task.
8. Nobody’s got anything against you at all. Get that idea out of your head.
1.她似乎与新同学相处得不好 She doesn’t seem to get along with her new classmates. 2.我与玛丽失去联系多年 I’d been out of touch with Mary for year, but I managed to reach her by phone yesterday. 3.那老兵喜欢对每一位来访者炫耀他的勋章 The veteran enjoys showing off his medals to everyone who visits him. 4. 她丈夫似乎非常反对他出国 He husband seems very much opposed to her going abroad. 5. 因为托马斯不安心工作他父母很担忧 As Thomas couldn’t settle down in his job, his parents were very worried. 6. 我口袋里总装着各种各样的小东西 I always have all kinds of bits and pieces in my pockets. 7. 她母亲通过一些私人关系是他进入商界 Her mother pulled a few strings to get her into the business circle. 8. 我希望这些菜合你们的口味 I hope the food is to your liking. 9.那些男孩太吵我把他们骂了一顿 __I told the boys off for making so much noise. 1. 他决定立即着手这项复杂的工程 He resolved to work on the complicated project immediately. 2. 他们看见对面的老人被对面驶来的汽车撞倒 They saw an old man knocked over by a car coming from the opposite direction. 3. 他在黑暗中摇摇晃晃搜索着电灯开关 He walked unsteadily / stumbled along in the dark, groping for the light-switch. 4. 病了三个月后她几乎站不稳了 After three month’s illness, he found it difficult to rise to his feet again. 5. 由于人手不足无法按期完成任务 Owing to the staff shortage, the task could not be fulfilled on schedule. 6. 在经济萧条期公司遭遇财政困难 During the period of depression, the company was running into financial difficulties. 7. 那盲女上了公车乘客们给他让出了地方 When the blind girl got on the crowded bus, the passengers made room for her. 8.他终于抓住了悬崖的岩石止住了下滑 __He at last managed to hold on to the rock on the cliff and stopped himself from 1. 母亲立刻派汤姆去叫医生 Mother immediately sent Tom for the doctor. 2. 由于糖用完了他没做成蛋糕 She failed to bake the cake as she had run out of sugar. 3. 我知道您现在忙极了 I know how desperately busy you are now. 4. 汤姆说错了话惹得全班同学哄堂大笑
Unit One Task 1 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.D 7.D 8.C 9.A 10.D 11.A 12.B Task 2 1.public(c) 2.discipline(b) 3.strength(a) 4.reference(a) 5.strength(d) 6.public(a) 7.demonstrated(b) 8.discipline(c) 9.references(c) 10.personality(a) 11.discipllining(d) 12.demonstrates(a) 13.public(d) 14.reference(b) 15.personality(c) Task 3 1.employment 2.paid 3.adjust 4.setting 5.discouraged 6.credit 7.cite 8.demonstrate 9.teamwork 10.rules Unit Two Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.B 4.C 5.B 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.A 10.C Task 2 1. bud (n.); budding (adj.) 2. access (n.); access (v.) 3. taste (n.);tasted (v.) 4. fool (n.); fooling (v.) 5. produces (v.); produce (n.) 6. garnish (v.); garnishes (n.) 7. reigns (v.); reign (n.) 8. concern (n.); concerned (v.) 9. named (v.); name (n.) 10. practiced (v.); practice (n.) Task 3 1) integration 2) choice 3) handed 4) aspiring 5) steaming 6) masterpieces 7) pleasure 8) partake 9) amazing 10) presented Unit Three Task 1 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.B 7.C 8.A Task 2 1. stack up against 2. struck a chord 3. amounted to 4. chopping off 5. appeal to 6. pick up on 7. turned out 8. fade away 9. brought together 10. pulled off 11. thrust upon 12. be kept clear of Task 3 1) swirling 2) delivered 3) glowed 4) intervals 5) converge 6) wanderings 7) navigate 8) jealousy 9) presence 10) absorbed Unit Four Task 1 1.A 2. A 3. C 4. B 5. B 6. C 7. D 8. C 9. A 10. C Task 2 1. maintained (a) 2. romantic (a)
第一单元? 如何发表演说 斯蒂芬·卢卡斯? ???? 在人类创造的万物中，语言可能是最卓越的一项创造。通过语言，我们可以分享经验、阐明价值观念、交流思想、传播知识、传承文化。确实，语言对于思想本身至关重要。和流行的信仰不同的是：语言并不是简单地反映事实，而是通过对事件意义的思考来帮助人们感悟现实。? ???? 优秀的演说者尊重语言并懂得如何驾驭语言。语言是演说者展示才能的工具，对于他们来说，如同其他职业的工具一样,语言也有特殊的功用。作为一名演说者，你应该意识到话语的意义，并懂得如何准确无误地使用语言，使其表达清楚，趣味横生，恰如其分。? 如同数字对于会计的重要性一样，准确地使用语言对于演说者至关重要。在没有确切知道一个词语的意思之前，千万不要盲目使用。碰到没有把握的词语，一定要查词典追根究底。当你准备演讲之前，一定要不断地问自己：“我究竟想说些什么？我究竟想表达什么样的意思？”因此，对于一篇演讲稿的用词来说，必须准确无误。? 如果语言表达清楚无误，听众就能很快抓住你的意思。鉴于此，演说者应该使用那些对于大多数人来说非常熟悉的词语，这些词语不需要任何专业背景就能够理解；演说者应该使用那些表达具体而不是相对抽象的词语；并且千万不要乱堆砌辞藻，哗众取宠。? 准确生动地使用语言能够使你的演说贴近生活。有一种方法可以使你的语言更加生动形象，那就是通过展开联想或创造语言图示。通过使用表达具体的词语、明喻或者暗喻等手法可以展开想像。明喻是对事物不同之处的比较，不过有些是相同的：它们总是包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。暗喻是一种隐性的比喻，它能够把两个形式不同但是有一些相通之处的事物联系在一起，暗喻不包含“像……一样”或者“如同……一样”这样的连词。? 另一种让你的演说生动形象的方法是注重语言的节奏感。有四种修辞格可以让你的语言富有节奏感：排比、重复、头韵和对比。排比是将一组或一系列具有相似结构的词语、短语或者句子排列在一起；重复是在一系列短句或者长句的开头或者结尾使用相同的一句话或者一组词语；头韵是指邻近或者相邻的几个句子中的首个词语的辅音字母相同；对比是将一些意思相反的词语或者句子并列在一起，通常使用排比结构。 恰当地使用语言是指语言的运用要符合特定的场合、特定的观众和特定的主题。同时，恰当地使用语言还意味着演说者要有自己的语言风格，而不是模仿他人的口吻。如果演说者的语言在各个方面都能够做到恰如其分，那么这篇演说成功的机率就会大大提高。??????? 优秀的演说并不是空穴来风、缺乏论据的决断。演说者必须找到强有力的论据来支持其观点。实际上，熟练地使用论据经常是区别一篇优秀演说词和一篇空洞演说词的关键所在。一般来说，通常有三种论据材料：事例、统计数据和证词。? ???????在演说过程中，你可以使用一些简明扼要的例子——比如过去发生的一个很具体的事件——有时候，你可以罗列好几个简明的例子，借此增强听众的印象。扩展性的例子——描述、叙述或者奇闻轶事——通常长一些，但更具体。夸张性的例子描述想像中的情形，这种例子能够将相关的想法有效地传达给听众。这三种例子都能够帮助演说者理清思绪、加强印象或者使演说更加娓娓动听。为了使表达更加富有效果，例子应该生动活泼，丰富多彩。 只要演说者对于统计数据用之得当并且加以解释，这些数据将有助于有效地传达信息，听众也能从统计数据中获益匪浅。最重要的是：演说者应该对统计数据了如指掌，并且运用得恰如其分。由于数据很容易操纵和捏造，因此，对于演说者来说，一定要确保图表没有张冠李戴，并且要确保统计方法正确，数据来源可靠。?
全新版大学英语综合教程3 课后答案 UNIT 1 Vocabulary I. 1. 1) on balance 5) illustrated 9) involved 2) resist 6) budget 10) economic 3) haul 7) lowering 11) blasting 4) wicked 8) boundary 12) just about 2. 1)cut back/ down 2) pick up 3) get by 4) get through 5)face up to 6) turn in 7) making up for 8) think up 3. 1) pursued his mathematical studies and taught himself astronomy 2) often generate misleading thoughts 3) attach great importance to combining theory with practice in our work 4) be suspected of doing everything for money 5) before he gets through life 4. 1) their indoor, a profit, to invest in
2) device, the improvement, on a global scale 3) stacked, temptation, never dined out II Confusable Words 1. 1) house 2) Home 3) home, family 4) household 2. 1) doubt 2) suspect 3) doubted 4) suspected 5) suspect III. Word Formation 1) rise 2) final 3) regular 4) cash 5) hows, whys 6) upped 7) yellowed 8) bottled 9) lower 10) search Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze 1. Text-related 1) get by 2) temptation 3) get through 4) improvements 5) aside from 6) suspect 7) supplement 8) profit 9) stacking 2. (Theme-related) 1) replaced 2) consider 3) quit 4) world 5) tough 6) fuels 7) provide 8) luxuries 9) balance 10) ideal II. Translation 1. We have a problem with the computer system, but I think it’s fairly minor.
Unit 1 1. 听到他屡遭失败的消息，我感到很难过。（distress） It distressed me a great deal to hear the news that he had suffered repeated failures. 2. 他虽然失去了老板的欢心，但仍然装出了一副高兴的样子。（assume） He assumed an air of cheerfulness even though he lost favor with his boss. 3. 格列佛经历了冒险奇遇，见到了各色奇异的人物。（assortment） Gulliver met with extraordinary adventures and witnessed an assortment of strange people. 4. 如果你再犯同样的错误，他会很生你气的。（furious） He will be furious with you if you repeat the same mistake. 5. 我们都被他坦率的观点、幽默的语言和亲切的态度所深深吸引。（draw） We were all greatly drawn by his frank views, humorous words and genial manner. 6. 等到欢呼的掌声平息下来，那位诺贝尔奖获得者开始演讲。（die down） The Nobel Prize winner began his speech after cheers and applause died down. 7. 他天生有一种特别的洞察力和预见力，因此，他很少随大流。（run with the crowd） He is gifted with a special sort of insight and foresight, so he rarely runs with the crowd. 8. 我发现现实毕竟是非常严酷的，一个人难以完全按照自己的理想去生活。（live up to） I feel realities are after all very harsh, so one can hardly live up entirely to his ideals. Unit 2 1. 我的顶头上司是典型的工作狂，一年365天每天工作10小时以上。（workaholic） My direct superior is a typical workaholic, for he works for over ten hours each day all the year round. 2. 校长十分注重课外活动，他认为课外活动有助于培养学生对于外部世界的浓厚兴趣。（extracurricular） The principal attaches much importance to extracurricular activities and he believes that they will help to cultivate students’ tremendous interest in the external world.
李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma, otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit 2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen.
Unit 1 C 1.The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2.In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3.An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4.By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5.The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6.When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in your speech.
13级普通班单元练习卷五 (2014, Term2)Test 5 (Unit 7, Book III) 专业学号姓名 I. Collocation: 1. Her problem is representative of the teenagers. 她的问题是青少年的典型。 2. Many regional associations are registered with the government so that they may promote their common interests together. 许多区域协会向政府注册，使他们能共同促进利益。 3. What’s at issue here is whole future of the industry. 争论的焦点是这个行业总的前景。 4. It’s midnight my daughter is in transit from Shanghai to London. 午夜，我女儿还在上海到伦敦的途中。 5. He was criticized for slighting the masses as ignorant.他因轻视群众认为群众无知而受到批评。 II. Vocabulary: 6. The unpleasant taste lingered in his mouth for hours. 难闻的味道萦绕在他的嘴里几个小时。 A. prolonged B. waited C. lingered D. lengthened 7. His hands were shaking so violently that he almost spilt his tea. 他的手颤抖得厉害以致差点打翻茶。 A. quivering B. tremble C. shivering D. shaking 8. The TOEFL is divided into three sections, namely, listening, structure and reading. 托福考试分为三个部分，即听力，结构和阅读。 A. sections B. fragments C. fractions D. portions 9. Some skin diseases are difficult to treat.有些皮肤病很难医治。 A. illnesses B. sicknesses C. diseases D. disorders 10. He hope the firm would transfer him to the Paris branch. 他希望公司把他派往巴黎分部去。 A. exchange B. transmit C. transfer D. remove 11. With all its advantage, the computer is by no means without its Limitations. 尽管计算机有许多优点，但绝非没有局限性。 A. boundaries B. Limitations C. Confinements D. Restraints 12. The club will enroll new members the first week in September. 俱乐部将在九月的第一周招收新成员。 A. Enroll B. Subscribe C. Absorb D. Register 13. The studios pay very little attention to the low-budget movies that used to be so profitable for the studios. 工作室很少注意低预算的电影，这曾经对工作室是有利可图的。 A. Advantageous B. profitable C. Beneficial D. Helpful 14. Americans are highly mobile, and therefore may find it difficult to become deeply involved with others. 美国人的流动性很大，因此可能难以和他人深交。 A. Movable B. Moving C. Mobile D. Motional 15. A most trivial argument about who should go and fetch the bread from the kitchen was going on when I came in. 当我进来的时候正发生着一场关于谁该去厨房拿面包的最琐碎的争论。 A. Trivial B. Delicate C. Minor D. Miniature.
U1: 1. 他对这次面试中可能提到的问题做好了准备。（confront） He has well prepared answers to the questions that he might confront with in the interview. 2. 他悲惨的遭遇深深打动了我们，使我们几乎哭出声（touch） His sad story touched us so deeply that we nearly cry. 3. 他们俩手挽着手沿着河边散步，有说有笑。（hand in hand） They walked hand in hand along the river, chatting and laughing. 4. 听到这令人激动的消息之后，他眼睛里涌出欢乐的泪水。（well up） Tears of joy welt up in his eyes after hearing this exciting news. 5. 上海人容易听懂苏州话，因为上海话和苏州话有许多共同之处。（in common） The people of SH can understand Suzhou hua easily as they have many things in common. 6. 亨利和妻子正在考虑能不能在3年内买一幢新房子。（look into） Henry and his wife are looking into the possibility of buying a new house. 7. 女儿再三请求到国外去深造，他最终让步了。（give in to） He finally gave in to his daughter repeated request studying abroad. 8. 我们在动身去度假之前把所有的贵重物品都锁好了。（lock away） We have locked all the expensive things away before leaving for the holiday. 9. 虽然咱们分手了，但我希望咱们依然是好朋友，像以前一样互相关心，互相帮助。（part）Although we have parted from each other, I hope we will remain good friends to care and help each other just like we did in the past. 10. 在紧急关头，军长召集全体军官开会，制定新的克敌战略战术。（summon） At that critical moment, the army leader summoned all the officers to work out strategies and tactics to fight with enemies. U3： 1.对不起，我迟到了，我刚才在开会脱不开身。（get away） Sorry, I’m late; I was at a meeting and could not get away. 2. 在音乐会上，歌手唱完每一首美妙动听的歌曲时，观众便高声喝彩表示赞赏。（appreciation）At the concert whenever a singer finished singing a beautiful song, the audiences would burst into loud cheers to show their appreciation. 3. 她是个穿着时髦的人，对饮食很少讲究。（stylish） As a stylish dresser, she always wears stylish clothes, but she seldom cares about what she eats and drinks. 4. 护士告诉我医生奇迹般地治好了你的心脏病。（do wonders for）The nurse told me that the doctor had done wonders for your heart disease. 5. 主席颁奖时赞美获奖者为人类做出了巨大贡献。（compliment） When awarding the prize, the chairman complimented the winner on the great contribution to mankind. 6. 这个问题许多年来使专家们迷惑不解。（bother） These problems have bothered the experts many years. 7. 警察到达后，示威的人群逐渐散开了。（melt away） The crowd of demonstrators melted away when the police arrived.
作文翻译 Unit 1 李明是学化学的，性格开朗幽默，颇有魅力，但英语成绩不佳，每次只能勉强及格。老师警告他，英语不好会阻碍他拿奖学金，并亮出了自己的王牌：如果李明不努力，就让他考试不过关。老师还告诉他，学习英语不能只为了文凭，否则他即使大学毕业，也还是个半文盲。李明虽然保持镇定，但他明白，他的学业生涯正在攸关之际，必须安心下来埋头学习，坚持不懈。 Li Ming was a chemistry major, a charmer noted for his easygoing and humorous temperament. However, his English was so poor that he always barely got by. The teacher admonished him that his poor English would be an impediment to scholarship. What’s more, she showed her trump card: if Li Ming did not work hard. She would flunk him. He was also told that he should not learn English merely for the sake of his diploma. otherwise, even after graduation from university, he would still be semiliterate. Although Li Ming did not lose his composure, he was well aware that he had to settle down to work and follow through because his academic life was at stake. Unit2 我的朋友琳达接受过良好的教育，既美丽又端庄，三十好几依然没有人向她求婚。究其原因，她的事业心极强，整日扑在工作上，每天来往于住处和公司之间，根本没有时间和异性交往。一想到女儿这么大了还单身一人，她父母就焦虑不安。他们不知道该如何是好，甚至还去咨询一些社会学专家。 但是事情在上个月出现了转机，公司的总部调琳达到培训部。在新的工作岗位上，琳达遇到了第一个触动她心弦的男人。从此，他们几乎每天约会，琳达意识到她会不顾一切地爱这个男人。决定嫁人的时候，她告诉了我这个好消息。 虽然琳达的爱情让人想起电影中才会有的浪漫故事，我也担忧未来究竟会怎样，但我还是表达了我由衷的祝福，并爽快答应在婚礼那天做他们的伴娘和伴郎随从中的一员。 Linda, my good friend, has received good education and is both beautiful and elegant. She was not proposed to even when she was well over thirty. The reason is that she, as a career –oriented woman, is devoted to her work. Navigating between home and the company, she had hardly any time to socialize with people of the opposite sex. Her parents were gripped by anxiety at the thought of their daughter still remaining single at such an age. They did not know what to do and even consulted with some sociologists. But the situation began to change last month, when the headquarters of the company transferred Linda to the training department. On the new post, Linda met a man who tugged on her heartstrings for the first time. Ever since then, they dated virtually on a daily basis, and Linda realized that she would love the man beyond all reason. When she decided to take the matrimonial plunge, she informed me. Though Linda’s love is reminiscent of the romance that we see only in movies and I don’t know what the future will hold for her, I give her my heart-felt wishes and agree readily to be a member of the entourage of bridesmaids and groomsmen. Unit 3 食品供应商缺乏诚信已经成为当今社会的一大问题。部分企业欺骗公众，故意散布假消息，颂扬食品添加剂是食品工业的伟大成就，并声称适量的添加剂对健康有益无害。部分有良知的科学家对食品添加剂的含量和毒性展开了深入的病理学研究。研究结果表明，部分常见的食品添加剂经长期，可能会对健康产生危害，这被认为是食品安全研究方面极为重要的
Task 2 A contrary to implicit assertion look up adapted Sustain unbiased In the course of metaphor clutter B bolster credible impromptu sparingly anecdote Credentials testimony hypothetical paraphrase juxtaposition Task 3 Translation B.发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的思想是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。 在准备发言提纲中，应该写出你的特定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式确定主要观点和次要观点，发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应该包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的模式，尽可能使你的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清晰，易于辨认。 C. 1. The younger generation should continue to sustain and develop our fine traditions and long-standing culture. 2. In the course of preparing one’s speech, one should be clearly aware of how one could make effective use of statistics and examples to bolster one’s point of view. 3. An impromptu speech is one of the speaking skills that college students should learn and develop through practice. 4. By using simile and metaphor, you can make your language more vivid and more attractive to your audience. 5. The proper examples you cite might help reinforce the impression on your listeners and make your viewpoints more convincing. 6. When you are speaking, you should choose common and easy words and at the same time avoid clutter in you speech. 7. When you write a paper, citing the views from some experts is a good way to make your ideas more credible. 8. A good method of delivering a speech will improve its quality and will help convey the speakers’ ideas clearly and interestingly. 9. You should mot blindly use a word that you are not sure about, and if you are not sure, look up the word in a dictionary. 10. Your language should adapt to the particular occasion and audience. If your language is appropriate in all respects, your speech is successful. D. Before you deliver an academic speech, you should, first of all, get well prepared for it. Then, you should make your major points clear in your speech, and your speech should be well organized. When speaking, you should not speak too fast, and your language should be exp licit. Don’t always read the notes you prepared beforehand. From time to time, you should look at your audience. On one hand, you can show your respect to your audience, and on the other hand, you will be able to go on with your speech more smoothly.