大学英语复习资料：Introduction of Major Newspapers in the UK and the US

读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思熟读而精思I. 所学习过文章中的词汇：1.post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)2.missing in action (MIA)3.junta4.intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM)5.weapons of mass destruction (WMD)6.an unidentified intelligence source7.surface-to-air missiles8.WHO (the World Health Organisation)9.ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union)10.Human Rights Watch (HRW)11.preventive detention12.al-Qaeda tranining camps13.MP14.the shadow cabinet15.the House of Commons16.the deputy leader of the Labour party17. a senior Conservative/Labour backbencher18.Christie’st HennessyMoët Hennessy19.Moë20.tycoon21.chaebol22.municipal wastendfill24.International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources(IUCN)25.the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP)26.GPS27.the needy28.the have-nots29.the China Charity Federation30.the UN World Food Programme31.tax relief, tax breaks Got TalentBritain’s Got Talent32.Britain’33.the Brandenburg Gate34.MEPII. Appendixes p.317-318报刊名称(略)III. News agenciesAP, UPI, Reuters，AFP and other agencies (P. 316)IV. 外来词和委婉语p. 286-291chauvinismdebutde factoembargopaparazzo读书之法,在循序而渐进,熟读而精思熟读而精思per capitade luxethe needythe have-notsthe well-preserved menpreemptive actionwelfare motherV. 表示消息来源的词语p. 252-253authoritative sourcesdiplomatic sourcesan unidentified sourceaccording to an anonymous sourceVI. 时新词 p. 184-185brain draincrunchtechnicallyinfotainmentironicallylooking-glassmom-and-poppink slipshowcasevidiotVII. 缩写词 p.128-129WWFEUGMGOPGPSIAEANASANYSEPOWVIII. 标题语法特征（p.97-100）略IX. 段落翻译：所讲授文章的部分段落和翻译练习中的三段，如以下段落。

英语国家社会与文化复习资料英语国家社会与文化复习资料一、完形填空（每空2分，共40分）England is a highly ____1____ country,with more than 80% of its population living in cities,and ab out 2% of the population working in agriculture.2.The first permanent settlement in North America was established, intoday's __2__in the year of 1607.3.The American transcendentalist, _____3______- published a startlingbook called Nature he clai med by studying and respecting to nature individual could reach a higher spiritual state without f orm religion.4.The U.S. federal government consist of the following three branches____4____the legislative a nd the judicial.5.One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has _____5___ ,so investors risked only the amount of their investment and not their entire assets6.The best -known stock exchange is ___6_________located in Wall Street area of New York City.7.WASP stands for ______7_______.8.The majority of the Catholics in the U.S. are descendants of immigrants from _______8______,I taly and Poland.9._______9______, they refer to the five novels written by FennimoreCooper.10.A collection of poems written by_____10____, it is a ground-breaking book. That is Leaves of Grass.11.An jazz music ensemble of musicians consists of two sections: the front line and ____11_____ .12.M.B.A and G.R.E. stand for Master of Business Administration and _______12______ in U.S. e ducation.13.In the U.S., B.A. and B.S. stand for Bachelor of Arts and _______13________in higher educati on.14.The two most well known computer companies are IBM and_____14____in the United States.15.In the 11th century Britain was invaded by a group of__15____ fromnorthern France .16.Two Scottish cities which have a ancient and internationally respected universities _______16_ _______ and Glasgow.17.The Britain, the official head of state is now the King while thereal center of political life is in ______17________.18.The British Constitution consists of _____18________,the common laws and conventions.19.In jazz music major musical instrument include violin,_____19_____,piano,trombone, cymbal, bell, hollow wooden block,chimes ,drum,guitar etc.20.In the American education , A.A. stands for ____20______.二、单选题（每小题2分，共20分）1.Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led tothe modem development ofEurope?A.The growth of capitalism.B.The Renaissance.C.The Religious Reformation.D.Tile spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.2.Who was the first to start the Religious Revolution that brought about the modern developmen t of Europe?A.Martin LutherB.John CalvinC.John LockeD.John AdamsWhich of the following American values did NOT come from Puritanism?separation of state and church. B.respect of education.C.intolerant moralism.D.a sense of mission.The theory of Americmainly fromGeorge Washington. B.Thomas Jefferson. C.John Adams.D.John Locke.5.Which of the following was NOT a denomination of Protestantism?A.Catholics.B.Puritans.C.Quakers.D.Church of England.6.Which of the following was NOT the cause that brought about the development of American In dustrial Revolution.A.introduction of factory systemB.system of mass productionC.construction of railroadD.religious liberty7.Service industry does not include_______________.A.BankingB.management consultationC.AirlineD.steelmaking8.One of the problems with American agriculture that critics accusesboth corporate and family fa rmers of damaging the__________.A.tourism attractionB.environmentC.cultural balanceD.economic developmentThe latest technology that farmers have adopted is ________ artificial fertilizers B.pesticideC.tractors/doc/2e636169.html,puters10.Which of the following was NOT a Protestant denomination?A.The Baptists.B.The Catholics.C.The Methodists.D.The Presbyterians.三、名句解释（每小题5分，共15分）Allegory: A tale in verse or prose in which characters, actions, or settings represent abstract ideas or moral qualities. An allegory is a story with two meanings, a literal meaning and a symbolic meaning.怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉馴鸨撟。

Unit 4 News 24/7Active Reading (1)Reading and Understanding3. Choose the best answer to the questions1.c2.a3.c4.d5.a6. a7.cDealing with unfamiliar words4. Answer the questions about the words in the box.1. No, it is made more exciting in some way.2. A very long time, centuries.3. They should follow the guidelines.4. They should check the source.5. They live in poverty.6. It is image.7. It is element.5. Match the words in the box with their definitions.1.chase2.trainee3.erode4.odd5.horror6.startle7.echo8.reaction9.frame6. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.1.reactions…horror2.chase3.echoes4.startled5.trainees6.eroded7.oddest8. frame7. Answer the questions about the words.1.a2.b3.a4.b5.b6.aReading and interpreting8. Decide what evidence there is for the following statements. If there is no evidence, decide what the passage really says.1. This is not the passage. It is noted that bad news is common, but no judgment as to the desirability or otherwise of this is given.2. Many people, we are told, reacted in the same way to bad news in the case of 9/11 and the assassination of President Kennedy, so such a reaction is normal.3. Yes, as and example is given of people feeling a need to pass on the bad news they had heard. (See pare 2: Their first instinct was to go and tell someone else about it.)4. Yes. (See para4: We seek the odd and unexpected.)5. Not stated – the passage says such issues never seem to have the same impact because the stories are ongoing and not reported in all newspapers on the same day, but bit by bit here and there.6. Immediacy is part of news so such an item is certainly potentially news, but of course it might be too trivial to really be considered such.7. Yes, mostly.8. No. Paragraph 8 says the camera position has an important effect on how viewers understand the story.9. The passage mentions people talk of the power of the press, but does not really comment on it; though the use of the rather negative covertly might hint disapproval.9. Decide why italics are used in the sentences.1. To take the place of quotation marks.2. For emphasis.3. To give the name of a newspaper.4. To introduce a new term.Active Reading (2)Dealing with unfamiliar words3. Match the words and expressions in the box with their definitions.1.assignment2.editorial3.revenue4.close down5.survey6.rely on7. feedback8.bureau4. Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words and expressions in Activity3.1.assignment2.bureau3.rely on4.feedback5.surveys6.editorial7.revenue8.close down5. Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box.1.capture2.extablished; Nevertheless3.estates4.integritypact; Moreover6.journalism6. Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1.b2.a3.a4.b5.b6.a7.a8.a9.bReading and interpreting7. Look at the sentences from the passage and choose the best meaning.1.a2.a3.b4.b5.a6.bLanguage in useWord formation1.Replace the underlined words with compounds made from down and the words inbrackets.1.downtown2.download3.downgrade4.downstairs5.downmarket6.downturn2. Replace the underlined words with phrasal verbs made from the verbs in brackets and down.1.go down2.turned me down3.run down4.stand down5.got down6.handed down7.brought down8.broke down3. Rewrite the sentences using by someone + participle.1.The late-night edition of the paper was bought by a lot of people interested in the results of the match.2. The princess was followed across the town by photographers determined to get a photo of her.3. The programme was watched by millions of people hoping to win the star prize.4. The alarm was set off by tow children startled to hear a noise in the back room.5. The police were contacted by one of the boys’ mothers worried that he might have got lost.6. The front-page headlines were changed by the editor hoping to be the first to break the news.7. Online editions of the news papers are being read by more and more people not wanting to buy the traditional edition.So + inversion + that4. Rewrite the sentences using So + inversion + that.1. So odd was the newsreader’s accent that I couldn’t understand what she was saying.2. So incredibly bad was the language on that programme that I switched off the TV.3. So exaggerated was the story that it had to be completely rewritten.5. So great was the distance from one region to the next that we had to travel by plane.6. So slow were Frank’s reactions that he wasn’t able to avoid hitting the car in front.5. Translate the sentences into Chinese.1. 一个事件光有客观重要性还不够—世界上有大量全球性的大问题，都会造成戏剧性的后果，从贫困问题到全球变暖问题—但由于它们都是进行中的，并不都会在同一天成为头条。

大学英语本科复习资料Part I Reading Comprehension (30%)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. You should decide on the best choice and blacken the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:There are many older people in the world and there will be many more. A well-known fact is that over 60 percent of the older people live in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization, by 2020 there will be 1 billion, with over 700 million living in developing countries.It is a surprising fact that the population ageing is particularly rapid in developing countries. For example, it took France 115 years for the proportion of older people to double from 7 percent to 14 percent. It is estimated to take China a mere 27 years to achieve this same increase.What arethe implications of these increased numbers of older folk? (76) One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live. the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability( 残疾). Attention is being paid to the need to keep people as healthy as possible, including during old age, to lessen the financial burden on the state.(77) Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society. In some African couintries, certainly in Asia, older people are respected and regarded as the ones~ with special knowledge. Yet traditions are fading away daily, which does not ensure the continued high regard of older people. As society changes, attitudes will change.Much needs to be done to get rid of age discrimination (歧视) in employment. Life-long learning programs need to be provided to enable older peopleto be active members in a country's development.Social security policies need to be established to provide adequate income protection for older people. Both public and private schemes are vital in order to, build a suitable safety net.To achieve equality in such matters will take considerable time and effort. One thing is sure: there is no time to be lost.1. The proportion of older peopleA. is bigger in developed countries than in developing countriesB. is one-seventh of the population developing countriesC. will increase much faster in China than in FranceD. will be sixty percent in developing countries by 20202. According to the passage, which of the following are governments most worded about?A. The diseases and disability of older people.B. The longer life and good health of people.C. The loss of taxes on older people.D. The increasing respect for older people.3. It is stated directly in the passage that older people shouldA. be treated differently in different culturesB. enjoy a similar lifestyleC. be ignored as society changesD. be valued by the younger generations4. Which of the following measures is NOT mentioned to solve the population ageing problem?A. Getting rid of age discrimination in employment.B. Ensuring adequate income protection for older people.C. Providing free health care for sick older people.D. Supplying life-long learning programs to older people.5. The author concludes in the last paragraph thatA. governments have spent lots of time in solving the ageing problemB. population ageing is a hard problem, but it needs to be solved urgentlyC. people are too busy to solve the population ageing problemD. much time and effort will be lost in solving the ageing problemPassage 2Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:The multi-billion-dollar Western pop music industry is under fire. It is being blamed by the United Nations for the dramatic rise in drug abuse worldwide. “The most worrying development is a culture of drug-friendliness,”says the UN's International Narcotics Control Board in a report released last year.The 74-page study says that pop music, as a global industry, is by far the most influential trend-setter for young people of most cultures.“Some songs encourage people to take drugs. (78) Certain pop stars make statements and set examples as if the use of drugs for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle,”the study says.Surprisingly, says the Board, the effect of drug-friendly pop music seems to survive despite the occasional shock of death by overdose (过量用药). “Such incidents tend to be seen as an occasion to mourn (哀悼) the loss of a role model, and not an opportunity to face the deadly effect of drug use,”it notes. Since the 1970s, several internationally famous singers and movie stars--including Elvis Presley, Janice Joplin, John Belushi, Jimi Hendrix, Jonathan Melvin and Andy Gibbs--have died of eitherdrug abuse or drugrelated illnesses. With the globalization of popular music, messages promoting, drug abuse are now reaching beyond their countries of or igin. “In most countries, the names of certain POP stars have become familiar to the members of every household,”the study says. The UN study also blames the media for its description of certain drug incidents, which encourages rather than prevents drag ab use. “Over the past years, we have seen how drug abuse is increasingly regarded as being acceptable or even attractive,”says Hamid Ghodse, president of the Board. “Powerful pressure groups mn political campaigns aimed at legalizing controlled drugs,”he say s. Ghodse also points out that all thee developments have created an environment which is tolerant(容忍的) of or even favorable to drug abuse and spoils international drug prevention effortscurrently under way.The study focuses on demand reduction and prevention within an environment that has become tolerant of drug abuse. The Board calls on governments to do their legal and moral duties, and to act against the pro-drug (赞成吸毒) messages of the youth culture to which young people increasingly are be'rug exposed.6. Which of the following statements does ,the author tend to agree with?A. The use of drags for non-medicinal purposes is, an acceptable part of a person's lifestyle.B. The spreading ofpop music may cause drag abuse to go beyond country boundaries.C. No efforts have been made to prevent the spreading of drag abuse.D. Governments have no ability to act against the pro-drag messages of the youth culture.7. The expression “under fire”? in the first paragraph meansA. in an urgent situationB. facing some problemsC. being criticizedD. in trouble8. From the third paragraph, we learn that the youthA. tend to mourn the pop stars who died of overdose as role modelsB. are shocked to know even pop stars may abuse dmgsC. try to face the deadly effect of drug useD. may stop abusing drugs9. Which of the following is. not mentioned as tolerant of drug abuse?A. The spreading of pop music.B. The media.C. Political campaigns run by powerful pressure groups.D. The low price of some drags.10. According to the passage, pop musicA. has a great influence on young people of most culturesB. attracts a small number of young peopleC. is not a profitable industryD. is alone responsible for drug abusePassage 3Questions 11 to 15 are based onthe following passage:(79) Extensive new studies suggestthat the world has, made extraordinary progress in reducing poverty in recent decades. The research suggests that the pace of economic progress has been rapid and continued for decades, built on the foundations of relative political stability, rising trade, and economic liberalization (自由化) after two world wars. One new study, published recently by the Institute for International Economics in Washington, finds that the proportion of the 6.1 billion people in the world who live on $1 a day or less shrank from 63 .percent in 1950 to 35 percent in 1980 and 12 percent in 1999. By some other measures, the progress has been more modest. Still, economists agree that poverty has plunged in key nations such as India and especially China, thanks to slowing population growth as well as economic free dom. “This is a huge success for the world as a whole,”says Harvard University economist Richard Cooper. “We are doing something right.”The news comes as the World Bank is about to open its annual meeting in Washington' an event that has been troubled in recent years by protests that the Bank and its sister institution, the International Monetary Fund (IMF国际货币基金组织), have done too little for the world's poor. (80) The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute. Vast populations remain poor, and many still question the wisdom of World Bank policies. Nonetheless, the research findings are helpful to understand what policies should be followed by th6se institutions and hundreds of other development groups working very hard to hasten the pace of world economic progress. If dramatic gains are under way, the present policies-- calling for open markets, freebusiness activities, and tight monetary control are working and correct.But critics of IMF and World Bank policies maintain that such economic.success stories as Japan, China, South Korea and Singapore are rooted in more than just "free', markets. These nations have managed to grow rapidly, and thereby reduce poverty, by limiting imports when their domestic industries were yotmg, pushing exports to rich nations, and putting controls on purely international financial;flows. They have been open to foreign-owned factories but have often insisted that those investors share"the knowledge and skill on modem technologies,11. The word “plunged” in the firs paragraphmeansA. decreasedB. ClimbedC. increasedD. dropped into water12. From the passage, we learn that__________A. World Bank has done nothing to help the poor in the worldB. IMF only helps the rich in the worldC. World Bank controls all the banks in the worldD. there are some demonstrations against World Bank in recent years13. According to this passage, in__________, the world had the largest number of poor people.A. 1999B. 1980C. 1950D. 199014. According to the author, the economy of East Asian countries grew very fast because of the following measures EXCEPT__________A. encouraging exportB. opening up to foreigninvestmentsC.limiting international financial flowsD. controlling import15. The best title for this passage might be__________.A. China's Contribution to the Reduction of Poverty in the WorldB. World Bank's Extraordinary Progress in Recent DecadesC. India's Leading Role in Reducing Global PovertyD. Global Progress in Reducing PovertyPart Ⅱ Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: In this part there are 30 incomplete sentences. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then blacken the Corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.16. By the time you finish your homework, all of us__________ ours at hand, I'm sure.A. will finishB. will have finishedC. have finishedD. have been finishing17. In time of trouble Charliecould always__________a solution.A. put asideB. look down uponC. break outD. come up with18. Before building a house, you will have to__________the government's permission.A. get fromB. followC. receiveD. ask for19. The director had her assistant__________some hot dogs for the staff members.A. picked upB. picks upC. pick upD. picking up20. ______their hats into the air, the fans of the winning team let out loud shouts of victory.A. TO throwB. ThrownC. ThrowingD. Being thrown21. It was hard for him to learn English in a family, in which of the parents spoke the language.A. noneB. neitherC. bothD. each22. You'd better go there by train. The train ticket is __________ the plane ticket.A. as cheap three times asB. as three times cheapasC. three times as cheap asD. cheaper three times than23. This new machineis technically far__________ to the previous type.A. Superior:B. juniorC. seniorD. equal24. There is a great deal of evidence____that music activities engage different parts of the brain.A. indicateB. IndicatingC. indicatedD. to be indicating25. She became the first woman to enter the school but withdrew after a fewdays_____stress.A. because ofB. in spite ofC. instead ofD. In honor of26.______is known to us all is that the 2012 Olympic Games will be held in London.A. ItB. WhatC. AsD. Which27. The discovery of these tombs is__________for scholars' studying Chinese history.A. of very importantB. great significantC. of great significanceD. greatly importance28. Sean's strong love for his country is______in his recently published poems.A. relievedB. ReflectedC. respondedD. recovered29. Would You please keep silent? The weather report__________and I want to listen.A. is broadcastB. is being broadcastC. has been broadcastD. had been broadcast30. The teacher stressedagain that'the students should not______any important details while retelling the story.A. bring outB. let outC. leave outD. make out31. The man moved_____forward and looked over the edge, shrinking his shoulders.A. accuratelyB. CautiouslyC. brilliantlyD. disappointedly32. The police are trying to find out the______of the woman,killed in the traffic accident.A. evidenceB. recognition C identity D. status33. By no means__________to her parents.A. this is the first time has she liedB. this is the first time does she tell a lieC. is this the first time She has liedD. is this the first time she was lying34. Climate change will greatly_____wheat and rice production if nations don't take steps now.A. fallB. leakC. lackD. reduce35. She always buys__________ my birthday.A. something awful toB. anything awful toC. something nice forD. anything nice for36. He failed to live Up to __________had been expected of him.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. all37. It is very _____ of you to arrange an early.meeting between your boss and our team.A. considerateB. ConsiderableC. consideriiigD. considered38. I would have told him about the change of time for the class,________to class last 'tune.A. did he comeB. he cameC. had he comeD. he had come39. The wind was so strong last night that it tore the______ of the ship into two or three pieces.A. maskB. mineC. sailD. satellite40. ____all the money people here spend eating out, restaurants' profit is still below five percent.A. DespiteB.Thanks toC. SinceD. Like41. Many a man__________lifeis meaningless without a purpose.A. thinksB. thinkingC. have thoughtD. think42. John left home twenty minutes ago. It is usually half an hour's drive from his home to theoffice here. So he__________soon.A. should have arrivedB. need arriveC. must have arrivedD. may arrive43. ___Hongkong, is often regarded as____international Centre for business, finance and tourism.A./; anB. An; /C. The; /D./; the44. They went__________the schedule for the conference again and again until they felt satisfied with every detail of it.A. outB. up C: over D. by45. Schools should teach'our kids various subjects, and moreover, teach them how to ______right:from wrong.:A. mnB. takeC. tellD. putPart III Identification (10%)The key to 63 safe on the Intemet is to make sure that.Y0Ur profile (个人资料)is secure. The 64 way is to change the privacy setting on your profile to “private”, which protects your information 65 only the people on your friend list can'view it. Although this is.66, it is not perfect. Predators can find ways to view your profile if they really want to，67 through hacking in (黑客入侵) or figuring out their way onto your friend list. Thus, you should never post too much personal 68. Some people actually post their home and school addresses, date of birth, and so on, often 69 predators know exactly where they will be and 70 .The most information that is safe is your first name and province. Anything more is basically 71 a predator into your life.Another big problem is photos. I suggest 72 skipping photos and never posting a photo of a friend online without his or her 73.Most important, never, 74 any 'circumstances, agree to a real-ife meeting with anyone you meet online, 75 how well you think you know this person. There are no guarantees that they have told the truth.56. A. what B. how C. why D. which57. A. get into B. open up C. shut down D. turn on58. A. but B. even C. despite D. since59. A. is B. are C. was D. were60. A. get B. make C. push D. take61. A. as B. about C. for D. in62. A. avoid B. get C. benefit D. hide63. A. stay B. be staying C. stayed D. staying64. A. difficult B. Simplest C. simple D. most difficult65. A. as to B. no matter C. so that D. because66. A. efficient B. Interesting C. effective D. impressive67. A. if B. whether C. however D. whatever68. A. information B. documents C. fries D. messages69. A.letting B. make C. allow D.let70. A. what B. why C. when D. how71. A. introducing B. Inviting C. investing D. interrupting72. A. partly B. Mostly C. lastly D. completely73. A. favor B. Rule C. information D. permission74. A. above B.'under C. at D. below75. A. no matter B. even if C. unless D. alsoPart V Translation (20%)Section ADirections: In this part there are five sentences which you should translate into Chinese. These sentences are all taken from the 3 passages you have just read in Reading Comprehension. You can refer back to the passages to identify their meanings in the context.76.One of the biggest worries for governments is that the longer people live, the more likelihood there is for diseases and for disability (残疾).77.Another significant problem is the need for the younger generations to understand and value the older people in their society.78..... Certain pop stags:make statements and set examples as if the use of drags for non-medicinal purposes were a normal and acceptable part of a person's lifestyle... 79.Extensive new studies suggest that the world has made extraordinary pmgressin reducing poverty in recent decades.80. The new economic research will not put an end to that dispute.SectionBDirections：In this part there are five sentences in Chinese.You should translate them into English.Be sure to write clearly.81.我父亲在找工作，我母亲在医院照看外祖母。

阅读英文报纸（READING ENGLISH NEWSPAPER ）如果现在你们正在读英文报纸，(Right now you are reading English).那意味着你们在很积极地开动大脑。

(That means that you are using your brain in a very active way.)阅读是很积极主动的一个步骤。

(Reading is a very active process.) 诚然，写的人需要花很多工夫来写，（It is true that the writer does a lot of）但是读者也要很努力地读。

（but the reader also has to work hard）当你在读一篇文章的时候，你要做以下内容的某些部分: （When you read a text, you have to do some or all of these:）1.在脑子里假设一个场景(imagine a scene in your head)2.理解作者想要表达的意思(understand clearly what the writer is trying to say)3.同意或是不同意作者的观点(agree or disagree with the writer)阅读英文报纸的好处Benefits of Reading English newspapers:1.你可以学到很多的词汇（You can learn a lot of vocabulary）2.很容易找到文章的重点（Easy to find the main points of the article）3.可以提高阅读速度（Can increase reading speed）4.我们可以从阅读英文报纸里的文章学到新事物和新知识（We can learn new things or knowledge from newspaper articles. ）5.为你写作提供很好的范文（Gives you good examples for writing.）6.还可以学到正确的语法结构（Can learn proper grammatical structure）7.如果你选择一些你喜欢的内容来阅读，会很有趣和开心。

英语报刊复习资料二.完形填空A contract is an agreement between two or more people (1) ________ one person agrees to do something by a specified date in return for something done by (2) ________. Usually the contract is a written ument signed and dated by both (3) ________. It must state clearly the consideration, that is, what is to be given or done by one person in (4) _______ for what is given or done by the other. If one person does (5) ________ was promised and the other does not, that other may be sued in court and required by court order to make good. He or she (6) ________ also to be required to pay for damages suffered as a result of the failure to perform. The things (7) ________ by both parties must be stated in definite terms (8) ________ the court will hold that the contract is (9) ________ vague and general to be enforced. (_) ________, the time period within which the work is to be done must be definite or the court will say that the ument is not a contract.1. A. in which B. which C. that D. on that2. A. another B. other C. the other D. others3. A. parts B. people C. parties D. aspects4. A. replace B. change C. payment D. e_change5. A. that B. what C. the thing D. something6. A. need B. has C. ought D. may7. A. to be done B. to do C. done D. being done8. A. and B. or C. else D. so9. A. so B. too C. rather D. over_. A. Similar B. The same C. Similarly D. Too三.阅读理解Every human being, no matter what he is doing, gives off body heat. The usual problem is how to get rid of it. But the designers of the Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh set themselves the opposite problem how to collect body heat. They have designed a collection system which uses not only body heat, but the heat given off by such objects as lightbulbs and refrigerators as well. The system works so well that no fuel is needed to make the campus s si_ buildings comfortable.Some parts of most modern buildings theaters and offices as well as classrooms are more than sufficiently heated by people and lights and sometimes must be air-conditioned even in winter . The technique of saving heat and redistributing it is called heat recovery . A few modern buildings recover heat, but the University s system is the first to recover heat from buildings and reuse it in others.Along the way, Pitt has learned a great deal about some of its producers. The harder a student studies, the more heat his body gives off. Male students send out more heat than female students, and the larger a student is, the more heat he produces . It is tempting to conclude that the hottest prospect for the Johnstown campus would be a hard-working overweight male genius.1. What is characteristic of the buildings on Johnstown campus of the University of Pittsburgh?A. They are more comfortable to live in than other buildings.B. They collect body heat to regulate the temperature inside.C. They use light bulbs to heat the classrooms.D. They consume less fuel to keep the classrooms cool.2. According to the passage, the technique of heat recovery is used ________.A. to provide a special form of air-conditioningB. to provide heat for the hot water systemC. to find out the source of heatD. to collect heat and reuse it3. The phrase the hottest prospect in this passage refers to ________.A. the person who suffers most from heatB. the person who needs more heat than othersC. the person who gives off most heatD. the person who make better use of body heat4. Which of the following statements is NOT true according the passage?A. The harder a student works, the more heat he or she produces.B. The bigger a student is, the more heat he or she sends out.C. A girl student sends out more heat than a boy student.D. A large and hard-working boy student gives off the most heat.5. Which of the following may be the best title for this passage?A. Recovery of Body Heat C. Modern Building s Heat SystemB. Body Heat and Se_ D. Ways of Heating Buildings四.作文题(30分)题目:保护环境 (Protect the environment against pollution)英语专业>试题答案1.飞毛腿导弹2. 北大西洋公约3.国务卿4. 众议院议长5.社会保障计划6.公主;王妃7.温莎王室/英国王室8.经济衰退9.政治避难 _.人际关系_.artificial intelligence _.Science and technology civilization _.Parliament_.Literature _.Military civilization _. Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation_.EU organization _.the United Nations (U.N.) _. Engine _. Pilot二.1 _: A C C D B / C A B B C三.1 _: A C C D B / C A B B C。

英语国家概况教学总结篇一：英语国家概况学习心得与体会《英语国家概况》学习心得与体会英语国家概况（英美概况），雨婷认为是所有科目中最难的一科了！英概的出题范围很广，书中的每一句话都可能成为考题，尤其是选择题、填空题、改错题。

从历年考题上看，英、美两国概况所占分值比较大，其他几国相对少些。

其中以英、美两国的政治、经济、历史、教育、文化等方面为主，地理次之。

大家首先一定要把教材看透，如果感觉生词太多，可以先通读全文，然后把生词的释义及音标标注出来，再通读全文；若有英汉对照本，那学起来就更方便了！（呵呵，雨婷当时考的时候可没买到这本小册子。

）然后把以下几方面单独整理出来，常看常记，雨婷觉得考题中会常出现的。

当然这并不是雨婷在押题，而只是总结自己的考试经验而已，各位不要想偏了噢！！！¶ 、世界之最（国家之最、城市之最）；2、名作家作品；3、著名城市的地理位置；4、世界著名大学所在地及概况；5、各国历史（年代表）；6、历界总结；7、各国首都。

这几天雨婷将英、美两国的“之最”（世界之最、国家之最、城市之最等等）整理了一下，会贴出来的。

至于其他方面，因为最近实在抽不出时间来，过阵子时间充足了，再好好整理整理！快考试了，加油噢！以下是英国之最（世界、国家、城市之最）及少部分英国作家作品等。

声明：并非押题！！！这可是雨婷花了整整一天的时间、一个字母一个字母打出来的，呵呵，雨婷还是第一次打这么多的英文呢，感觉比打汉字费时多了！因为时间比较仓促，难免会有错误之处，望多涵噢！下次会打出美国之最（世界、国家、城市之最）及少部分美国作家作品等。

1、EnglandisthemostimportantpartoftheKingdominwealth,size,andpopulation .2、BennevisisthehighestmountaininBritain.itis1343meters.3、ThenorthSeaisthefirsthighqualitypetroleum.4、Britainisoneoftheworld?smostadvancedmanufacturingandtradingnations.5、TheBritisheconomywasthefirsttohavebeenfullyindustrialized.6、Thecottonindustry,thelargestbranch,hasundergoneaseverecontraction.7、TheBritishagriculturalindustryisoneofthemostefficientinEurope.8、Theearliestinvasionisthatbythedark-hairedmediterraneanracecalledtheiberi ans.9、BirminghamisthesecondlargestcityinEngland.10、LiverpoolisthesecondlargestportofEngland.11、Beforethegreaticeage,GreatBritainwasjoinedtothecontinentofEurope.itwas thenthatmenfirstcametoBritain.12、alfredwasconsideredthefirstnationalhero.13、normandywasthemosthighlyorganizedstateinEuropeatthattime.14、Therewereanumberoflords,butthemostimportantclasswastheknights.15、Thenormanswerethefinestfightinghorsemen.16、attheendofthecentury,themostwell-knowncompany,theEastindiacompany wasformed.17、TheEnglishRenaissance?sfinestexponentswerechristophermalovve,BenJo hnson,andwilliamShakespeare.ThegreatestdramatistoftheagewasShakespe are.18、Theearly17thcenturywasaperiodofthemostacuteclassstrugglebetweentheb ourgeoisieandthefeudalistswiththeKingastheirhead.19、Economicrecoverywasthemostdifficulttaskforthecommonwealth.in1651P arliamentpassedthefirstnavigationact.20、ThemostnotoriouslycomiptofthewhigstatesmeninthathalfcenturywasRober twalpole.21、in1761thefirstextensivecanalwasopened.in1814GeorgeStephensonconstru ctedthefirstsuccessfulsteamlocomotive.22、Theeconomicboomwhichbeganin1824collapsedin1825,causingthefirstofm anyperiodiceconomiccrisesintheworld.23、in1840underthepretextofprotectinghertrade,Britainlaunchedanaggressive waragainstchina.Thiswastheopiumwar.24、Fromthemid-19thcenturyonwardanumberofBritishcolonieswereorganizedi ntodominiors.ThedominionofcanadawasthefirstBritishdominiontobesoorg anized.25、TheThirdReformBillof1884andtheRedistributionactof1885wasthemostim portantofreforms.26、Theirishquestiononeoftheoldestissuescreatedthegreatestdifficulties.27、inforeignpolicythemostimportantachievementwastheLocarnoTreatyof192 6.28、intheearly1950?s,Britain?sfirstatomicbombwastested,joininghertotheUSandtheUSSRasanuclearpower.29、margaretThatcherwasthefirstfemalePrimeministerinthenation?shistory.30、in1981,theHumberBridgewascompletedat4626feettheworld?slongestSusp ensionBridge.Theworld?slongesthigh-speedopiticalfiberlinkconnectedBir minghamwithLondon.31、Thelongestministryofthecentury,ithadglorifiedtheVictorianvaluesofself-he lpandnationalism.32、JohnmajorbecamethefirstwesternleadertovisitliberatedKuwait.33、TheEuropeanUnionistheworld?slargesttradingbloc.34、Theworldfamousuniversitiesoxfordandcambridge,aretheoldestonesdatingf rom1167and1284.35、durhamUniversitycameintobeingin1832,theoldestuniversityinthisgroupan dthefirstEnglishuniversityafteroxfordandcambridge.36、alargegroupofnineteenthandtwentiethcenturyuniversitieswerefoundedinm ostofthebiggestindustrialtownsandinafewothercentres.Theystartedas “universitycolleges”.37、TheearlistknownprintednewspaperinBritainwaspublishedin1513.itwascall edTreweEncountre.38、TheTimesisthemostfamousofallBritishpapersandtheoldestatthat.39、ThemostimportantPeriodicalsaretheEconomist,newStatesman,Spectator,n ewSociety,PrivateEyeandnewScientist.40、Britishradioandtelevisionplayanimportantpartindailylife,socialactivities,c ulturalandeducationalcauses.Theyarechieflyrunbythreecompanies:theBriti shBroadcastingcorporation(B.B.c),theindependentTelevisioncommission( i.T.c),andtheRadioauthority,thoughtherearemanycommercial,companies.41、ThePressassociationLtd.whichwasfoundedbyprovincialnewspapersonaco-operativebasisin1868istheoldestandlargestnewsagencyoperatingexclusivel yinBritain.42、associationfootball(orsoccer)claimsthehighestpopularattendanceinthecoun try.43、GolfisprobablythemostattractiveofBritishsports.44、Stephenson?s?Rocket?isthemostfamousofallsteamlocomotives.45、JohndaltonwasanEnglishchemistandphysicist,whoisbestknownfordevelopi nganatomictheoryinwhichtheelementsarecharacterizedbydifferentsizesand weights.46、Thebest-knownscientificachievementinthenineteenthcenturywascharlesRo bertdarwin?sdevelopmentofatheoryofevolution.47、ThenumberoftheBritishnoblePrizewinnersinsciencebeforeworldwar Ⅱisthelargestintheworld.48、Fableswhichareaboutanimalsorsupernaturalpersonsorincidentsandwhosep urposeisteachingamoralareprobablytheearliestformofstory-telling.49、Thebest-lovedstoryisaboutRobinHoodwhowasapopularherolivingunderthe greenwoodwithhismen,takingfromtherichandgivingtothepoorandwagingw aragainstbishopsandarchbishops.Bythetimewegettothemiddleages,wefindt hefirstgreatEnglishpoet,chaucer.50、inthesixteethcenturyThomasmoreissuedhismasterpieceUtopiaintwobooks, thefirstofwhichcontainsalongconversiationonthesocialconditionofEngland .51、duringthePuritanperiod(orintheseventeethcentury)JohnBunyanwasacommandingprosewriterandJohnmiltonwasanoutstandingpoet.Bunyanwroteothe rworks,suchastheHolywar,Graceaboundingtothechiefofsinners.52、danieldefoeandhisRobinsoncrusoeandJonathanSwiftandhisGulliver?sTrav elsbelongtothisperiod.53、SamuelRichardsonisanothernovelistrenownedasastoryteller.Hechosetheep istolataryfromandwrote“thefirstmodernnovel.”54、Thenineteenthcenturywasthegoldenageofthenovel.Therewerealotofnovelis ts,thegreatestofwhomwascharlesdickens.Heislookeduponasoneofthegreate stcreativewriterswhoeverlived.55、Thecomicmasterpieceofwhichdickenswastheproudest,isPicwickPapers.da vidcopperfield,whichislarglybasedonhimself,isperhapshisbestnovel.other well-knownnovelsinclude.TheoldcuriosityShop,HardTimes,GreatExpectat ions,aTaleofTwoLitiesanddombeyandSon.56、walterScottwasapoetandfamousScottishhistoricalnovelist,whowrotemuch. amonghisnovelsandwaverley,Guymannering,Kenilworth,woodstockandQ uentindurward.Hisbestknownnovelisivanhoe,hisbestnovelisTheHeartofmi dlothian.57、williammakepeaceTackeray,wholargelywroteaboutmiddle-classsociety.He wroteTheHistoryofPendennis,TheHistoryofHeyEsmond,Thenewcomersth eVirginians.58、nineteenth-centuryEnglandalsoproducedmanygreatwomennovelists,theear liestofwhomwasperhapsJaneausten.Hermostwidely-readnovelisPrideandP rejudice,thoughthreeothers,SenseandSensibility,EmmaandmansefieldPark ,haveslowlywontheirwaytothefrontrankoffiction.59、JosephRudyardKiplingwasthefirstBritishnovelisttowinthenobelPrize,whic hhedidin1907.60、davidHerbertLawrencewasaninnovatorofpsychologicalfictionandoneofthe mostcontroversialwritersoftheearly20thcentury,surpassedonlybyJamesJoy ceintheamountofoppositionwhichwascausedbyhisworks.Hismajorworksar eSonsandLovers,theRainbow,womeninLove,Kangaroo,thePlumedSerpent andLadychatterley?sLover.61、JamesJoycewasconsideredinthewestandthemostimportantandinfluentialno velistwritinginEnglish.62、ThenameofHerbertGeorgewellsiscloselyassociatedwithsciencefiction.The Timemachine,TheislandofPr.moreau,Theinvisibleman,whentheSleeperwa kesandTheShapeofThingstocomearehisbestworksaboutscience.63、JohnGalsworthywasoneofthemostprominentBritishnovelistsanddramatists ofthetwentiethcentury.HismaidenworkisFromtheFourwinds.64、anothernobelPrizewinnerwasBertrandRussell,whowasaphilosopher,mathe matician,logicianandnovelist.HegothisnoblePrizein1950.65、Geoffreychaucer,thefatherofEnglishpoetry,describesapartyofpilgrimsgoin gtocanterburyinhismasterpieceThecanterburyTales.66、ThegreatestEnglishrevolutionarypoetoftheseventeenthcenturywasJohnmilt on,whomwerememberchieflyforhislongepicintwelvebooksParadiseLost,w hichmainlytellsthestoryofadamandEreintheGardenofEden.67、TwoofthegreatestnamesinthepoetryofthiscenturyarewilliamButlerYeatsan dThomasSteamsEliot.TheSecondcoming,oneoftheYeats?smostfamouspoe ms,hismostfamousworksareThewindamongtheweeds,Responsibilities,The Tower,ThewindingstairsandThelandofHeart?sdesire(aplayof1914).68、EliotwasborninamericanbuthebecameaBritishsubjectin1927.Hisbestknow nwork,ThewasteLand,causedanuproarbecauseofitsoriginalityandoftheseve rityofitsattackonEnglishandamericansociety,whenitwaspublishedwithPou nd?shelpin1922.69、EnglishdramaiscompletelydominatedbywilliamShakespeare.Heisthegreat playwrightandpoetoftheRenaissance,widelyregardedbythepeopleofthewor ldasoneofthegreatestwriterswhoeverlivedKarlmarxtakesShakespeareandae schylusasthetwogreatestgeniusesofwholetheatre.Hewrotethirty-sevenplay s,mostlyinverse,manyofwhicharestillfrequentlyacted.Theyincludecomedie s.asYouLikeit,amidsummernight?sdream,awinter?sTale,ThemerchantofVe nice,TheTempestandTwelfthnight;thegreattragedies:RomeandJuliet,macb eth,KingLearandothello.70、christophermarloweisthemostgiftedofthe “universitywitswhosethreebestplaysareTamburlaine,TheJewofmaltaand TheTragicalHistoryofdoctorFaustus.71、intheeighteenthcenturythemostoutstandingdramatistoftherealisticschoolw asRichardBrinsleySheridanwhosefirstcomedyTheRivalswasstagedwhenhe was24.72、TheBritishmuseumLibraryisoneofthelargestandrichestintheworld.73、atthenortheastendaremarblearchwhichisfamousforitslovelyplantsandthew orld-famousSpeakers?corner,whereoutdoororatorsmaketheireloquentfrees peechesonwoodensoapboxes.74、inTowerofLondon,thefirstprisonerwasRanulfFlambard,bishopofdurham,o neoftheoriginalbuildersofthewhiteTower.75、St.Paul?scathedral,thebiggestandmostwell-knownchurchinLondon,isatypi calexampleofthearchitectureoftheRenaissance.76、TheoldbuildingsoftheobservatoryareonthehighesthillinGreenwichPark,wh ichwasbeautifullylaidoutbyLenotreforcharlesⅡ,butnowtheRoyalobservatoryhasmovedtoHerstmonceuxcastleinSussexo naccountoftheLondonpollution.77、Thebest-knownqualityoftheBritishpeopleand,inparticular,oftheEnglishpeo pleistheirexclusiveness.78、TheBritishParliament,istheoldestparliamentinEurope.79、inspeakingofJohnBull,animageimmediatelyappearsinourmind.Heisshortan dfat,withatallhatonhisheadandapairofbootsonhisfeet.itisthenicknameforBr itain.80、“LadiesFirst”isalsoaBritishcustom,thoughitislessobservedtodaythanitusedtobe.81、inBritish,“Threedon?t”:(1)TheBritishhavethehabitofqueuing.Theydon?tjumpofthequeue.(2)inEngland,youshouldn?taskawomanherage.(3)don?ttrytobargaininBritainwhenyoudotheshopping.82、Three“inGS”refertobetting,drinkingandtipping,endingforeachofwhichisinG.83、christmasdayisondecember25,whichisthegreatestofthechristianfestivals,co mmemoratingasitdoesthebirthofJesuschrist.84、newYear?sday(January1st)ispartoftheScottish?Hogmanay?festivalwhichis moreimportantthanchristmastoScots.85、aprilFool?sdayishardlyafestival,butonthatdayyoumayfindthatsomeonehas givenyouafalsemessageoryourshoe-laceshavebeentiedtogether,orsomeoth eringenioustrickshavebeenplayedonyoutomakeyouan“aprilFool”.86、TherearethreemainworldreligiousBuddhism,islamandchristianity.87、Themostimportantdenominationistheanglicanchurch.88、TheBritishParliamentconsistsofthreeelements:thecrown,theHouseofLordsandtheHouseofcommons.89、TheHouseofLor(:英语国家概况教学总结)dsistheoldestpartofParliament.90、TherearetwomajorpartiesinBritaintoday.TheyaretheconservativePartyandt heLaborParty.91、intermsofthenatureofcases,wecanalsodividethecourtsintotwosystems:theci vilcourtsandthecriminalcourts.英语国家概况学习要领关于《英语国家概况》课程方面的辅导材料很少。

英语国家概况名词解释VOA: It’s the abbreviation of the voice of America.It’s the American official international broadcasting. Station and it was established in 1942. It was controlled by the American government and subordinate to the American international communi cation. Bureau. VOA’s headquarter is located in Washington and it has 16 broadcasting stations. It’s programs are broadcasted by 41 languagesBBC: it’s the abbreviation of the British broadcasting corporation. It was established in1922, and it was moved and operated in 1927. It was financed by the government and it’s managed by the Minister of Posts and Telecommunication. And its program is broadcasted by 39 languages. It is also financed by the payment from all people who possess TV setsABC: it’s the abbreviation of the American Broadcasting Company.NBC: it’s stands for the National Broadcasting CompanyCNN: It’s the abbreviation of the Cable News NetworkQuality Newspaper:It’s one of the 2 types of British Newspapers. The Times, The Guardian and The Daily Telegraph all belong to this kind ofnewspaperTimes: It’s a very famous weekly magazine in the USA.It was founded in 1923. It has 5.5 million copies.Five Great lakes:These are the most important lakes in America,extending about 1600km and forming a section of the boundary between the United States and Canada. The Great Lakes include Lake Michigan, Lake Superior, Lake Huron, Lake Erie and Lake Ontario.Mississippi river:it is the second longest river, after the Missouri,in the United States and it is the largest river system in North America.The Severn River:it is the longest river in the UK,is 338km in length,beginning in Wales flowing through the Midlands of England and emptying into the Atlantic Ocean near BristolThe Mackenzie Ri ver: the major river in Canada.It’s 4241km long.Nickname of British people: John Bull. It’s originated from a book named History of John Bull.Nickname of American people: Uncle Sam.Boxing Day: it’s on the first work day after Christmas. This festival is celebrated in order to show the respect to those people sending newspaper and milk everyday.Constitutional Monarchy: Constitutional Monarchy: it’s the Political System of U.K. It was established at the end of the 17th century. The Monarch is hereditary, she or he reigns but does not rule the country, and it takes no part in policies. The monarch is just the symbol and the representative of the interest of people.Cabinet of Britain: the head of Cabinet of Britain is the Prime Minister, and the members of the cabinet are nominated by the Prime Minister and appointed by the MonarchParliament: Its headquarter is the Palace of Westminster. And it is divided into House of Loads and House of Commons. House of Load’s President called The Load Chancellor. It has the load temporal, the load spiritual and law loads. The House of loads sits in the south part of the Palace of West Minster.And the President of the House of Commons is called The Speaker. It sits at the Northern Part of the Palace of Westminster.Conservative Party: it was founded in 1833. It was originated from the Tory Party, it’s the party of right, and it represents monopolists’ interest.Labor Party: it was founded in 1900. After 1922, Labor party tool place the Liberal Party,becoming one of the two major parties in the UK. It’s a Bourgeois Party,socialism and nationalization.The prime Minister: the Prime Minister is the leader of UK Government. He lives in NO.10 Downing Street.The Prime Minister is the leader of the Party that holds the most seats in the House of Commons; he serves as the chief executive of the Government and performs the executive functions of the United Kingdom.White Hall: It’s the name of a street but it is the symbol of the U.K Government. It is the administrative center of the Britain,the official Building of the Prime Minister.Constitution of America: it was adapted in 1787. On Sept.17.1787, came into effect in 1789.it is the first comparatively complete written, constitution in the world. It consists of one short preamble, 7 articles and 26 amendmentsElection of the UK: it’s held every 5 years. Controlled by two major parties, it has 659 constituencies in2001 and 646 constituencies in 2005Congress: Congress is the legislative branch of the federal government. Law-making and supreme legislative body of the nation. It is divided into the senate and the House of Representatives. The Senate has 100 V oting members, 2 from each state. And the House of Representatives has 435 membersPentagon: It’s the official building of the USA National Defense Department, it is located in the Washington .D.C. It was attacked by terrorists in 2001.9.11CIA: It is the abbreviation of Central Intelligence Agency. It is the Executive office of the PresidentFBI: It’s t he abbreviation of the Federal Bream of Investigation. It is subordinate to the Department of JusticeAbraham Lincoln:He was the first president of the Republic Party in the U.S.A. And he was also the leader of the Civil War. He abolished theSlavery Policy. But was assassinated unfortunatelyFranklin Roosevelt: He is one of the most famous presidents in the U.S.A. He played an initial important role in the Great Depression in the 20th century. He saved the economic crisisThe War of Independence: It occurred in 1775, and in 1776.7.4. The Declaration of Independence was passed by the Continental Congress, which symbolizes the Independence of the U.S.A.The Civil War: It was led by Abraham Lincoln and it occurred in 1861. It was ended by the victory of Northern Army and then the Slavery Policy was abolished.Election of America: It was held every 4 years. The president candidates have to make speeches, debate and compete for more votes. If one of the president candidates has more than 270votes, he will win the election and he will make a speech again on the20th.January the next yearWhite House: it’s the settlement of the President and it’s situated in Washington. D.C.Democratic Party:it was founded in 1828.It’s symbol is Donkey Thomas Jefferson, is a famous president in Democratic Party.Republican Party:it was founded in 1854. The symbol is elephant,it’s a more conservative Party. Lincoln is the first republican president in 1860The Open University of UK:a degree granting institution that provides courses of study for adults of all ages through TV. Radio, produced books and so on. It opened in 1969, and was intended to give opportunities to adults who had been unable to take conventional higher education.The Boat race: it was a result of a challenge issued to Oxford by Cambridge in 1829.A Level of GC5: A level of General Certificate of Educationanswer two of the following questions.1.Talk about the two systems of secondary education in Great Britain. Selective system and comprehensive systemSelective system: is an old unreasonable system. It’s now totally abolished. The Eleven Plus: the result is very importantIt contains The grammar school, Technical schools and Secondarymodern schoolscomprehensive system was established before 1960.It is a given district, regardless of their background and intelligence system.O students graduated from it can gain a level of the General Certificate of Education (GCE), in 16 or 182.What are the three main principles for the political system of USA?1.Federalism2.The Separation of Powers3.Respect for the Constitution and the rule of law3.What is the procedure of making-laws in America?1. The first houseIntroduce a bill or legislative proposalSent to an appropriate legislative committeeThe recommendations of the bill are reported to the house by the committee (the House of Representatives and the Senate are divided into small groups which take care of special matters such as education or foreign affairs. )2. The second house do the same thing like the first house3. Goes to the White House for presidential actionWhat is the procedure of making-laws in Britain?A bill will begin in the House of Commons, After the period of three readings in the House of Commons, the House of Lords does the same and finally it goes to the Queen for her signature.3 readings:The 1st reading: introduce a billhe 2nd reading: the bill is read in detail, a vote is taken by the whole House, the bill is sent to a committee for a detailed examinationThe 3rd reading: short debate before the whole house5.What is quality newspaper in Great Britain?Quality Newspaper were Founded before 1896And Contain political, industrial, financial and cultural news in the U.K. and international news as well.Their Characteristic Lengthy articles and have an undramatic design.What are the features of British newspaper?British newspapers are characterized by freedom of speech, freedom of the press.What are the features of American newspaper?The United States newspaper features is rich in content, do not belong to any political party and lots of advertisements.8.How many types of higher educational institutions are there in America? What are they?1. Two-year college: community collegeMaster’s degree2. Four-year college: college of arts and scienceBA : Bachelor of ArtsBS : Bachelor of ScienceDoctor’s degree3. Universities: comprehensive and complexDoctor’s degree9.What are the two features of the old universities in Britain?Oxford University: 1167 , artsCambridge University: 1284, scientific studiesCollege System 学院制Tutorial System 大学导师制What are the common features of the Canadian educational system?Free schooling available throughout Canada from kindergarten (age 5) to grade 12(grade 13 in Ontario and grade 11 in Quebec).School attendance is compulsory from the age of 6 or 7 to 14 or 16.The elementary schools include kindergarten through grades 6 to 8. Secondary or high schools provide instruction up to grades 9 or 10 or 12.The provincial governments have the power in the field of education. The thirteen education systems are established by 13 legislatures of the provinces and territories. The 13 educational systems are unique in their own ways.第三大题，explanation一.VOA：voice of American，1942，founded by government, American International Communication Bureau, Washington, 16 broadcasting stations,（广播站）41 languages.BBC；the British Broadcasting Corporation, 1922, 1927, the governmentand the Minister of Posts and Telecommunication, 39 languages, financed by payment from all people who possess TV sets。

英语复习资料背诵段落Unit 2 Passage A 5，7第5段：The restaurant was in a French seaside resort，and the waiter had already brought an enormous portion of seafood，crabs，prawns，lobsters and all sorts of shellfish clinging onto each other，as well as a bottle of white wine in a bucket of ice. My mother was busy shopping, and my father had decided to take me，his ten-year—old son，to lunch，and to mark an important event in my life, as important to my father as coming of age：my first oyster。

第7段：Outside the skies were grey and a strong wind was blowing off the sea. It looked as gloomy as I felt。

There was no hope left, the only feeling was hunger, and the only emotion was the fear of lost innocence as I realized there could be no escape from my first oyster。

Unit 3 Passage A 1，2，5第1段：Thinking for yourself is still a radical act。

“英语国家概况” (1) 期末复习资料(成人)( 2007. 5. )I. Decide whether the following statements are true (T)or false(F):1. Britain is no longer an imperial country._________2. 1in 10 of the British population are of non_ European ethnicity.________3. Great Britain includes 3 constituent countries: England, Scotland, and Wales._____4. Cardiff, the capital of Wales, is a large city._____5. The title of Prince of Wales is held by a Walsh according to tradition.______6. Ireland is part of Great Britain._____7. Most British people are Protestants while most Irish people are Catholics. ____8. The Good Friday Agreement was approved on 10April 1998._____9.The divine right of the king means the sovereign derived his authority from his subjects._____10. Common laws are laws which have been established through common practice in thecourts.____11. The parliament can call an election sooner than five years.____12. Liberal Democratic party is the newest of the major national parties.____13. The majority of Britain’s recent immigrants have mainly come from North Asia andCaribbean countries._____14. By the 1880’s the British economy was dominant in the world.____15.The leader of the Conservatives, Margaret Thatcher started a series of reforms. An extensiveprogram of privatization was carried out, and she was successful in all-round way.16.The service industry in the UK employs 70% of the total work force.______17.“The Wife of Bath” is one of the tales contained in The Canterbury Tales._____18.Keats, Shelly and Byron brought the Romantic Movement to its height._____19.The purpose of British education is not only to provide children with literacy and the otherbasic skills but also to socialize children.______20.British universities are public bodies which receive funds from central government._____21.The UK was awarded a seat on the UN Security Council in recognition of its contributionin setting up the United Nations._____22.The Prime Minister and Cabinet decide on the general direction of Britain’s foreignpolicy.______23.On an average day, an overwhelming majority of Britons over the age of 15 read a nationalor local paper.______24.In the late seventeenth and early 18th century, as the British economy began to industrialize,and as literacy levels rose through the introduction of mass education, more and more newspapers began to appear._____25.It is incorrect to say that class and education differences are reflected in the newspaperspeople read.______26.The BBC World Service, the international branch of the BBC, broadcasts in English and 42other languages throughout the world._____27. The game of golf was invented by the Scottish.______28. Christmas Pantomime is one of the three Christmas traditions that are particularlyBritish._____29.When referring to Ireland, people mean either the Republic of Ireland or Northern Ireland, aprovince of Great Britain._____30.After the Great Famine, there was a rapid decline of population and many Irish peopleemigrated to other countries._____31.The social stratification in Ireland is based solely and wealth.32.The Irish Parliament is responsible of making laws.______33.Ireland has an open and trade _ dependent economy.______34.Ireland joined the EU in 1971.______35.Traditionally, Ireland has been a rural and agricultural culture._____36.Today free education provided by the Irish government covers all public universities , as iscommon in most of the countries of Europe.______37.Riverdance is not a form of Irish dance.______38. The Irish people speak the same language as the English people do.______39. Dreaming helps the indigenous people to survive in the environment of the desert ofAustralia._____40.he diseases brought by the white settlers to Australia did not contribute to the drasticdecline of the indigenous population._____II. Choose the answer that best complete the statement or answer the question:1. 1. Which of the following is NOT considered a characteristic of London?A. The cultural center.B. The Business center.C. The financial center.D. The sports center.2.Which of the following is NOT true about the characteristic of Britain?A.Economic differences between north and south.B.Differences of social systems between Scotland and Walse.C.Class differences between a white-collar worker and a blue-collar worker.Cultural differences between immigrants and the British.3.Which of the following is NOT true about Britain?A.It used to be an imperial country in the world.B.It plays an active role as a member of European Union.C.It is a relatively wealthy and developed country.It used to be one of the superpowers in the world.Which is the largest city in Scotland?A.CardiffB.EdinburghC.GlasgowD.Manchester.4. Northern Ireland is the smallest of the four nations, but is quite well _ known in the world for ______.A.its most famous landmark, the “Giant Causeway”B.its rich cultural lifeC.its low living standardsD.its endless political problems5. Faced with conflicting demands the British government chose a compromise and organized apartition of Ireland in 1921, because _______.A.the British government wouldn’t be able to control Ireland any longer by forceB.the British government intended to satisfy both sides _ Catholics and ProtestantsC.Catholics in Ireland demanded a partition of IrelandD.Protestants welcomed the idea of partition6. In the early 1970s, the IRA _______.A.killed many protestants and Catholics.B.Burned down the houses of CatholicsC.Murdered individuals at randomD.Carried out a series of bombing and shooting and attacked the security forces as theirmain target7. Which of the following statements is NOT true?A.In 1981, some convicted IRA prisoners went on a hunger-strike.B.They demanded for the status of being “political prisoners” by starving themselves.C.Margaret Thatcher’s government gave in to their political demand.D.The death of prisoners revitalized the political movement of Sinn Fein.8. . What happened in 1215?A.It was the year of Norman Conquest in British history.B.Forced by barons, King John signed the Magna Carta.C.Henry IV granted the Commons the power to review money grants.D.King Egbert united England under his rule.9. Which of the following is NOT related to the Constitution?A.It is a document which lists out the basic principles for government.B.It is foundation of British governance today.C.Conventions and laws passed by Parliament are part of the Constitution.D.The common laws are part of the Constitution.10. How many seats in the House of Common should a party hold at least in order to win theelection?A.651B.326C.626D.35111. Which of the following is NOT true about life peers?A.They are not from the aristocratic families.B.They cannot sit in the House of Lords.C.They earn their titles through their outstanding achievement.D. The titles cannot be inherited by their children.12. Which of the following is NOT a true description of the situation of ethnic minorities in theUK?A. They are well represented in the British Parliament.B. They are economically poorer than the white population.C. They are treated unfairly by the justice system.D. They are threatened by some racist groups.13. . Which of the following statements is NOT true about the UK economy ?A.British remains one of the Group of Seven large industrial economies.B.Britain has experienced a relative economic decline since 1945.C.There has been a period of steady decreasing of living standards.D. Some smaller economies have overtaken the UK in terms of output per capita.14. . In aerospace industry，which two countries are ahead of Britain？A．the U.S. and Germany B．the U.S. and RussiaC．Germany and Russia D．France and Russia15. Which company became an important aero-engine manufacturer after WWI？A．Boeing B．Rolls RoyceC．McDonnel-Douglas D．Hawker-Siddeley Aviation16. Which literary form flourished in Elizabethan age more than other form of literature？A．Novel . B．Essay.C．Drama. D．Poetry.17. Which of the following did NOT belong to Romanticism?A.Keats.B.Shelly.C.Wordsworth.D.Defoe.18. Which of the following is generally considered to be the masterpiece by Joseph Conrad?A. Oliver Twist. C. Howard’s End.B. The Heart of Darkness D. Wuthering Heights19. In Britain, the great majority of parents send their children toA．Private schools. B．state schools.C．independent schools. D．public schools.20. Which of the following is NOT true?A. Parents sent their children to public schools because they are rich.B .Parents sent their children to public schools because their children can get better jobswhen they leave school.C. Parents sent their children to public schools because their children can have a betterchance of getting into a good university.D. Parents sent their children to public schools because their children prefer to go to publicschools.21. Which countries are the permanent members of the UN Security Council?A．France, China, Russia and Britain.B．The United States, France, Britain, Germany and Russia.C．China, Russia, France, Britain, and the United States.D．China, Britain, France, United States and Japan.22. Which of the following is NOT involved in making the British foreign policy?A. The Queen of Britain.B. The Foreign and Commonwealth Office.C. The Prime minister and the Cabinet.D. The Ministry of Defence and the Treasury.23. Which of the following is the world’s oldest daily newspaper?A. the times. C. The Observer.B. The Guardian. D. The Financial Times.24. Which of the following newspapers is printed internationally?A．The tabloids. B．The News of the WorldC．The Financial Times . D．The Observer.25. Which of the following about the tabloids is NOT true?A.They are big formats newspapers.B.They are often called “the gutter press”C.They mainly deal in scandals and gossip about famous people.D.They carry stories with color photos and catchy headlines26. Northern Ireland includes _________.A. 6 countiesB.26 countiesC.32 countiesD.the whole island off the northwest coast of Great Britain27. The Celts were _______ people.A.peace _ lovingB.warriorC.highly civilizedD. sophisticated28.How long is the office term of the President of Ireland?A.4yarsB. 5yarsC.6yarsD.7yars29.Today, the Irish economy is dominated in many ways by _______.A.British companiesB.Japanese companiesC.Local companiesD.Multinationals30. Which of the following is NOT a native Australian animal?A. sheepB. Wombat.C. KoalaD. Kangaroo31. 80% of Australian’s population lives ________.A.In the north, east and southwest of the countryB. in the eastern, central and western areas of the countryC. in the eastern, southern and southwestern borders of the countryD. in the northern, eastern and western hills of the country32. Whistle _ blowers are people who ______.A. try to expose problems of corruption and inefficiency in the governmentB. work for the opposition again the incumbent governmentC. investigate complaints about a particular branch of governmentD. give out secrets to the media for moneyIII. Fill in the blanks:1. The Island of Great Britain is made up of England, _____ and _______.2. Charles the First, King of Britain, was executed, because he attempted to in theEnglish Revolution.3. The capital of Scotland is ______, which is well _ known for its natural ______.4. In 1971 the Northern Irish government took the actions to imprison terrorists from both sides without _______, a policy known as _______.5. Sinn Fein, the legal Party, supports the IRA’s right to fight. Its leaders spoke of a twin campaign for union with , both political and military, which is known as the policy of .6. The Good Friday Agreement, known also as ______, emerged on 10 April 1998.7. The doctrine of the “divine right of kings” held that , .8. In 1689, Parliament passed to ensure that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament.9. Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consists of the Queen, _________ and __________10. There are three major parties in the UK: ______ , the Labor Party and ________.11. A university teacher would probably read a newspaper like ______ while a manual workerwould probably read ______.12. “The Jewel in the Crown” of the British Empire--- , which providedand a big market for British goods, gained independence in 1947.13. The U.K. economy can be divided into three sectors: industries, secondaryindustries and industries.14. Glaxo—Wellcome is the biggest company in the world while isthe second largest paint manufacturer in the world.15. One of the oldest of the early “old English” literary work is called .16. Name two of the tragedies written by Shakespeare : __________ and __________The author of Ivanhoe was ; Doctor Jekeyl and Mr. Hyde was done by ; Charles Dickens wrote and among many other works.17. The two oldest universities in Britain are _____ and _______.18. parents from wealthier class prefer to send their children to schools so as to havebetter .19. In Britain, people can go to the without having any formal educationalqualifications.20. The present foreign policy of Britain is greatly influenced by its history and alsoby its .21. According to the author, Britain is a ______ democracy, so the government’s foreign policy intheory represents the desires of its ______.22. The Commonwealth was believed to be set up as for continued cooperation andas a sort of support .23. The FA Cup stands for .24. People usually dress up and show their fashionable clothes and celebrate hats for the socialevent called . 7. Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festivalcalled , during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn andnightfall.25. Ireland has a _________ climate, in other words, it does not change much from one season to another.26. The _________ of 1845__1848 became a watershed in Irish history.27. Ireland is on the ______ of Europe.28. There are ______ government Departments, each presided by a Minister.29. The child whose life differs least from that of his parents is one born into Ireland’s_______,those of the chronically unemployed.30.The final blow to the Catholic Church came in ______ in 1995, when the Irish people voted forthe legal provision of divorce.31.Today the Irish educational system is among the _____ and best in Europe.32. The language that is spoken universally in the Republic of Ireland is a version of standard English known as______.33. _______ is a very popular sport among the Irish because they can place a bet for the occasion.34. In terms of its size, Australia is the largest _____ and the smallest _____ in the world.35. ______ , bringing the first convicts to Australia, arrived in 1788.36. In Australia, _____ and ______ Christians tend to go to church more than people who committo Anglicanism and Catholicism.37. In the 19th century, many Hindus came to Australia and worked as _____ in remotecommunities.38. ______ was established as a free colony, but turned to convict labor in 1850.39. One important factor of the Wakefield Scheme is that the land should not be available _____and _____.40. The Government _ General is the representative of ______._____ and ____ are at the center of the Australian parliamentary power41. The gold rush attracted large numbers of _____ from Germany and China.42.The _______ and ________ decisions both recognized the native titles on the traditional landsof the aboriginal people.IV. Tell what you know about the following in your own words:1. London2. The House of Commons1. The importance of general elections4. The formation of the government5. “The City”6. Comprehensive schools7. The Open University8. Britain and the E U9. The Commonwealth10. The Times11. The BBC12. Wimbledon The Great Famine13. The Great Famine。