汽车专业英语汇总金蝶财务软件
一、Vehicle classification 汽车分类
1.1 Car 轿车
1.2 Bus 客车
1.3 Motor truck 货车
1.4 special purpose vehicle 专用汽车
二、Vehicle construction 汽车构造 2.1 Main components of vehicle 汽车主要组成
2.2 Vehicle performance 汽车性能 2.3 engine position 发动机布置
三、Vehicle dimensions汽车尺寸
四、Wheel alignment前轮定位
五、Diameter of turning circle 转弯直径
第二类ENGINE 发动机
一、Engine construction 发动机构造
二、Essential term 基本术语
三、Engine operation principle
发动机工作原理
3.1 Four-stroke gasoline engine operation
principle
四冲程汽油机工作原理
3.2 Four-stroke diesel engine operational
principle
四冲程柴油机工作原理
3.3 Two-stroke gasoline engine operation
principle
二冲程汽油机工作原理
3.4 Two-stroke diesel engine operation
principle
二冲程柴油机工作原理
四、Engine performance 发动机性能
五、Crank connecting rod mechanism
曲柄连杆机构 5.1 Cylinder block 机体组
5.2 Piston,connecting rod 活塞连杆组 5.3 Crankshaft,flywheel 曲轴飞轮组
六、Valve mechanism 配气机构
6.1 Side valve 侧置气门
6.2 Overhead valve 顶置气门
6.3 Overhead valve 顶置气门
6.4 Valve-timing diagram 配气相位图
七、 Gasoline engine-fuel system
汽油机供油泵 7.1 Fuel system 供油泵
7.2 Air cleaner 空气滤清器
7. 3 Fuel pump,fuel filter 汽油泵，汽油滤清器
7.4 Simple carburetor 简单化油器
7.5 Carburetor 化油器
7.6 Carburetor elements 化油器零件
7.7 Carburetor control 化油器操纵件
7.8 Gasoline injection 汽油喷射
7.9 Electric fuel pump,Injector
7.10 Sensor 传感器
八、Diesel engine-fuel system
8.2 Combustion chamber 燃烧室
8.3 Injection pump 喷油泵
8.4 Injection 喷油器
8.5 Speed governor 调速器
九、Exhaust system 排气系统
十、Turbo-supercharging 蜗轮增压
10.2 Turbocharger 蜗轮增压器
十一、Emission control 排污控制
11.2 Catalytic convertor 催化转化器
十二、Engine-cooling system发动机冷却机
12.2 Radiator 传感器
12.3 Fan,water pump 风扇，水泵
12.4 Air cooling system 风冷系
十三、Engine-lubrication system
13.2 Oil pump 机油泵
13.3 Oil cleaner 机油滤清器
13.4 Oil cooling radiator 机油散热器
十四、Engine-ignition system
14.2 Lead battery 铅蓄电池
14.3 Ignition coil 点火线圈
14.4 Distributor 分电器
14.5 Spark plug 火花塞
14.6 Electronic ignition 电子点火
十五、Engine-starting system
发动机起动系
15.2 Electric starter 电动起动机
十六、New type engines 新型发动机
16.2 Gas turbine 燃气轮机
16.3 Stirling engine 斯特林发动机（热气机）
第三类CHASSIS 底盘
一、Drive line 传动系
1.2 Friction clutch 摩擦离合器
1.3 Hydrodynamic coupling 液力偶合器
1.4 Gearbox-housing 变速器外壳
1.5 Gearbox-gearing 变速器齿轮传动
1.6 Gearbox-gear-shift 变速器换档机构
1.7 Automatic transmission 自动变速器
1.8 Transfer case 分动器
1.9 Cardan shaft 万向传动器
1.10 Flexible coupling 挠性联轴节
1.11 Constant-velocity joint 等速万向节
1.12 Drive axle 驱动桥
1.13 Final drive 主减速器
1.14 differential 差速器1.15 Half-axle,rear axle housing
二、Running gear 行驶系
2.2 Frame 车架
2.3 Front axle 前桥
2.4 Wheel 车轮
2.5 Tire 轮胎
2.6 Tire type 轮胎类型
2.7 Front wheel independent suspension
UNIT 1 AUTOMOTIVE BASICS Body：车身chassis：底盘 stream-lined：流线 wind resistance：风阻Frame：车架the power train：传动系统 the drive train：驱动系 a unitized body：承载式车身 unibody：整体式汽车车身 suspension system：悬架系统 steering system：转向系统 braking system（制动系统）suspension system：悬架系统 shock absorber：减振器 control arm：控制臂、导向机构 steering gears：转向器 steering wheel：转向盘 idler arm：随动臂 tie rods：横拉杆 power steering：动力转向 Power booster：助力器 master cylinder：制动主缸 Disc brake：盘式制动 drum brake：鼓式制动 Brake pedal：制动踏板 brake system：制动系统 stopping power：制动力 Hydraulic brakes：液压制动 brake pedal：制动踏板 brake fluid：制动液 brake lines：制动管路 cylinders：轮缸 brake shoes：制动蹄 drum：制动鼓 disc brake：盘式制动器 pliers：老虎钳 squeeze：挤进，握紧；夹紧 rotating disc：旋转制动盘 Drum brake：鼓式制动器 gasoline-burning piston engine：活塞式汽油发动机 Diesel-fuel burning engines：柴油发动机Fuel system：供给系统 exhaust system：排气系统 Cooling system：冷却系统 lubrication system：润滑系统 ignition system：点火系统 electric spark：电火花 air-fuel mixture：可燃混合气 cylinder：汽缸 ignition switch：点火开关 current：电流 storage battery：蓄电池 ignition coil：点火线圈 Distributor：分电器 spark plug：火花塞 compression ignition engines：压燃式发动机 charging circuit：充电电路 regulator：电压调节器 alternator (or generator)：发电机mechanical energy：机械能 electrical energy：电能 maximum voltage：最大电压 fuel system：燃料供给系统 fuel pump：燃油泵 Filter：滤清器 carburetor：化油器 fuel injection system：燃油喷射系统combustible mixture：可燃混合气manifold：进气管 exhaust system：排气系统 carbon monoxide：一氧化碳hydrocarbons（碳氢化合物） oxides of nitrogen：氮氧化合物emission control system：排放控制系统cooling system：冷却系统 combustion chamber：燃烧室coolant：冷却液 Radiator：散热器 water pump：水泵 hollow：空的、空洞的 block：汽缸体 head：汽缸盖 Defroster：（除冰(或霜)装置）Lubrication system润滑系统lubricant：润滑剂 piston rings：活塞环 cylinder walls：汽缸壁
Accommodati on 适应性 Aerod yn amics 空气动力学 Air Con ditio ner 空调 Air Drag 风阻 Air Suspe nsion 空气悬挂 An alysis 分析 Anti Corrosion 防腐 Anti Rust 防锈 Ashtray 烟灰盒 Assembly 装配 Assistant ' s seat」驾驶座 Attachi ng Parts 附件 Azimuth 方位（角）（极坐标） Back An gle 靠背角 Backrest 靠背 Backup Lamp 倒车灯 Bino cular Obstructio n 双眼盲区BIW （Body-I n-White）白车身Blower 风机 Body 车身，车体 Bolt螺栓 Bonn eted Cab 凸头驾驶室Bracket 托架 Breakdow n 分块 Bumper 保险杠 Bushi ng 衬套 Case壳体 Caution Plate 警告牌 Cen troid 重心 Cigarette Lighter 点烟器 Chassis 底盘 Chassis Frame 车架 Check Arm 限位器 Clip卡扣 Cluster Meter 组合仪表盘 Coat Han ger 衣帽架 Coat Hook 衣帽钩 Collar 套环 Combi natio n Switch 组合开关Comfort 舒适性 Comp onent 总成
Con cealed Wipers 隐藏式雨刮器Condenser 冷凝器
叮叮小文库 Con tour 轮廓线 Co ntrols 控制件 Con vex Mirror 凸面镜 Coola nt 冷却液 Cooler 制冷器 Crash 碰撞 Cup Holder 水杯架 Curtain 窗帘 Curtain Rail 窗帘滑轨 Curvili neal 曲线的 Dash Board 前围内板 Delivery of the Drawi ng 岀图 Displaceme nt 位移 Door Check 限位器 Door Header Rail 车门顶轨 Door Lock 车门锁 Door Ope ning 门洞 Door Outer Ha ndle 车门外手柄 Door Outer Pan el 车门外板 Door Pan el 门护板 Door Pocket 门袋 Door Regulator 车门玻璃升降器 Door Sash 车门窗框 Door Striker 锁环 Door Trim 车门护板 Door Ven tilator 三角窗 Drip Rail 滴水凹槽顶轨 Drive Con figurati on 驱动形式 Dummy Plate 平衡板 Dyn amic 动态的 Ellipsoid Surface 椭球面 Emblem 商标 En gi ne 发动机 Engin eeri ng 工程 En tra nee Han drail 上车门扶手 Entry & Exit 进岀 Ergono mics 人机工程学 Eyellipse 眼椭圆 Fatigue An alysis 疲劳分析 FEM (Fi nite Eleme nt Method) 有限元 Fen der 翼子板
第一章汽车总论 1)Today’s average car contains more than 15,000 separate, individual parts that must work together. These parts can be grouped into four major categories: body, engine, chassis and electrical equipment 。P1 现在的车辆一般都由15000多个分散、独立且相互配合的零部件组成。这些零部件主要分为四类：车身、发动机、底盘和电气设备。 2)The engine acts as the power unit. The internal combustion engine is most common: this obtains its power by burning a liquid fuel inside the engine cylinder. There are two types of engine: gasoline (also called a spark-ignition engine) and diesel (also called a compression-ignition engine). Both engines are called heat engines; the burning fuel generates heat which causes the gas inside the cylinder to increase its pressure and supply power to rotate a shaft connected to the power train. P3 发动机作为动力设备，常见的类型是内燃机，其原理是通过发动机缸内的液体燃料燃烧而产生能量。发动机可分为两类：汽油机（点燃式）和柴油机（压燃式），都属于热力发动机。燃料燃烧产生热量使缸内气压上升，产生的能量驱动轴旋转，并传递给动力传动系。 第二章内燃机 1)Power train system: conveys the drive to the wheels 2)Steering system: controls the direction of movement 3)Suspension system: absorbs the road shocks 4)Braking system: slows down the vehicle P4 传动系把发动机输出的扭矩传递给驱动轮。传动系包括离合器（对应机械变速器）或液力变矩器（对应液力自动变速器）、变速器、驱动轴、主减速器、差速器和驱动桥。 5)Drum brakes have a drum attached to the wheel hub, and braking occurs by means of brake shoes expanding against the inside of the drum. With disc brakes, a disc attached to the wheel hub is clenched between two brake pads. P6 鼓式制动器的制动鼓和轮毂连接，制动蹄张开压紧制动鼓内侧从而产生制动。在盘式制动器上，连着轮毂的制动盘被紧紧夹在两个制动块之间。 1)Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn.The power stroke"uses up"the gas,so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture:this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves;An inlet valve allows the mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job . P10 活塞通过连杆和曲轴连接，使得气体带动曲轴旋转半圈。作功冲程耗尽了所有的气体，这样就必须采取相应的措施排出废气并且向气缸内充入新的可燃混合气：气体的运动由气门来控制。进气门使可燃混合气在恰当的时刻进入气缸，排气门使燃烧后的废气排出气缸。 2)The spark-ignition engine is an internal-combustion engine with externally supplied in ignition,which converts the energy cntained in the fuel to kinetic energy.The cycle of operations is spread over four piston strokes. To complete the full cycle it takes two revolutions of the crankshaft. P11 火花点火式发动机是由外部提供点火的内燃机，从而将含在燃料内的能量转化成动能。发动机的一个工作循环分布在活塞的四个行程中，一个完整的工作循环曲轴需要转动两圈。 3)The oil pump in the lubricating system draws oil from the oil pan and sends it to all working parts in the engine. The oil drains off and runs down into the pan. Thus,there is constant circulation of oil between the pan and the working parts of the engine. P15
第13章汽车制造 13.1 车辆结构的设计与制造 为了有效而经济地适应不同的汽车生产批量，汽车工业采用各种各样的制造工艺。为了研究出成本最低的生产方案，必须将工具的投资与给定批量的可变的成本相平衡。对于批量很小的生产，减小投资非常重要。通常，这种情况会出现在年产量不足千辆的专用车行业。在这种情况下，为了减小工具与设备的投资，可允许采用更贵的材料和长的生产周期。对于中等批量的生产（约25000件/年），重要的前提是实现自动化。对于大批量生产（例如汽车，对六年生产周期的总产量为数百万辆），固定成本被分摊到所生产的几百万辆汽车上。因此，减小可变成本非常关键，采用较低成本的材料和快速的生产周期对产品的成功至关重要。 这样，利用可变成本来管理工具与设备的投资的需要对车身的设计方式产生了重要的影响。为此，出现了若干种汽车车身结构设计，其中包括非承载式（车身在车架上）、单壳体式结构、空间构架和整体式车身设计。车身设计的原始方法（将车身放在车架上）今天还广泛应用于货车上。这种方法非常适合于大批量生产，因为它基本上属于一个将车身结构件连接到（但却独立于）底盘的系统。 在单壳体式结构中，车身结构通过挤压件和比较简单的冲压件即压制成形件来制造。这就形成了一种非常简单，具有连接底盘、前端件和覆盖板件的连接点的“浴盆”形结构。由于这种方法减少了冲压件和铸件的数量，因此也就减少了成形和铸造使用的昂贵的模具和铸型。所以说，单壳体式车身结构是一种投资最低的车身设计方法。 在空间构架设计方法中，车架元件一般用挤压法来制造。这些挤压件通常用铸件（叫做“节点”）连接在一起。这样，这种车架就可用于承受载荷并为外车身板件提供连接点（图13-1）。这种车身设计方法最适合于小批量到中等批量的汽车生产。 在整体式车身设计中，车身主要是由连接在一起的冲压件构成，这样，车身和底盘被整合成了一个结构件（图13-2）。今天这种方法已经成为制造大批量生产的汽车的一种普通方法。在整体式车身设计方法中，通常，通过将两个独立的冲压件拼合成箱式断面结构，来获取要求的刚度和强度。最近几年，越来越多地采用液压成形管材来替代某些冲压和焊接薄壁断面结构。 图13-1 奥迪A2铝空间构架白车身
About car engine Of all automobile components,an automobile engie is the most complicated assembly with dominant effects on the function of an autombile.So, the engine is generally called the"heat"of an automobile. 在汽车的所有部件中，汽车发动机是最复杂的组件，其对整车性能有着决定性的作用。因而发动机往往被称作发动机的“心脏”。 There are actually various types of engines such as electric motors,stream engines,andinternal combustion engines.The internal combustion engines seem to have almost complete dominance of the automotive field.The internal combustion engine,as its name indicates,burns fuel within the cylinders and converts the expanding force of the combustion into rotary force used to propel the vehicle. 事实上，按动力来源分发动机有很多种，如电动机、蒸汽机、外燃机等。然而内燃机似乎在发动机领域有着绝对的统治地位。就像其字面意思一样，内燃机的染料在气缸内燃烧，通过将燃烧产生气体的膨胀力转换成转动力来驱动发动机前进。 Engine is the power source of the automobile.Power is produced by the linear motion of a piston in a cylinder.However,this linear motion must be changed into rotary motion to turn the wheels of cars or trucks.The puston attached to the top of a connecting rod by a pin,called a piston pin or wrist pin.The bottom of the connecting rod is attached to the crankshaft.The connecting rod transmits the up-and-down motion of the piston to the crankshaft,which changes it into rotary motion.The connecting rod is mounted on the crankshaft with large bearings called rod bearing.Similar bearings, called main bearings,are used to mount the crankshaft in the block. 发动机是整部车的动力来源。能量来自于活塞在气缸内的（往复）直线运动。然而这种（往复）直线运动必须要转换成旋转运动才能驱动车轮。活塞与连杆通过一个销来连接，这个销称为活塞销。连杆的下部连接于曲拐。连杆把活塞的上下往复运动传递给曲拐，从而将往复直线运动转变成旋转运动。连杆和曲拐的连接使用大的轴承，称之为连杆轴承，类似的轴承也用于将曲轴连接到机体，称之为主轴承。 They are generally two different types of cooling system:water-cooling system and air-cooling system.Water-cooling system is more common.The cooling medium, or coolant, in them is either water or some low-freezing liquid, called antifreeze.A water-cooling system consists of the engine water jacket, thermostat, water pump, radiator, radiator cap, fan, fan drive belt and neccessary hoses. 主要有两种类型的冷却系统：水冷和风冷。水冷系统更为普遍。系统所用冷却介质或是冷却液常委水或其他低凝固点液体，称为抗凝剂。一个完整的水冷系统包括机体水套，节温器，水泵，散热器，散热器罩，风扇，风扇驱动皮带和必需的水管。 A water-cooling system means that water is used as a cooling agent to circulate through the engine to absorb the heat and carry it to the radiator for disposal.The ebgine is cooled mainly through heat transfer and heat dissipation.The heat generated by the mixture burned in the engine must be transferred from the iron or aluminum cylinder to the waterin the water jacket.The outside of the water jacket dissipates some of the heat to the air surrounding it, but most of the heat is carried by the cooling water to the radiator for dissipation.When the coolant temperature in the system reaches 90°,the termostat valve open fully, its slanted edge shutting off
unit1 body 车身chassis 底盘enclosure外壳、套hood车棚、车顶sway 摇摆frame车架steering转向、操作brake 制动weld焊接rivet铆钉bolt螺钉washer垫圈vibration 振动stabilizer稳定器ride乘坐舒适性handling操作稳定性linkages转向传动机构plier钳子distributor分电器alternator交流发电机regulator调节器carburetor化油器radiator散热器、水箱defroster除冰装置sludge金属碎屑transmission变速器differential 差速器power train 传动系unitized body 承载式车身suspension system 悬架系统steering system 转向系braking system 制动系shock absorbers减震器control arms控制臂steering wheel 转向盘steering column转向管柱steering gears 转向器tie rod 横拉杆idler arm随动臂brake shoe制动蹄disc brake 盘式制动器drum brakes 鼓式制动器ignition system 点火系统exhaust system 排气系统lubrication system 润滑系oil filters 机油滤清器drive（or propeller）shaft传动轴universal joints 万向节dynamo发电机horn喇叭swived 旋转steering box转向器timing gear 正时齿轮bevel gear 锥齿轮mesh with与啮合leaf spring 钢板弹簧stub axle 转向节 unit2 longitudinal纵向的transverse横向的reciprocate往复spin旋转piston活塞ignite点火rub摩擦quart夸脱reservoir油箱mechanical机械的enclosed被附上的gallon加仑stroke冲程camshaft凸轮轴combustion燃烧disengaged脱离啮合的flywheel飞轮internal-combustion engine内燃机diesel-fuel柴油LPG=Liquefied Petroleum Gas液化石油气体CNG=Compressed natural gas压缩天然气spark ignition火花点火compression ignition压缩点火spark plug火花塞gas-turbine engine蒸汽机Stirling engine斯特灵发动机lubricating system润滑系统oil pan油底壳oil pump机油泵exhaust system排气系统emission-control system排放控制系统energy conversion能量转换air/fuel ratio空燃比connecting rod连杆TDC=Top Dead Center上止点BDC=Bottom Dead Center 下止点intake stroke进气冲程compression stroke压缩冲程power stroke作功冲程exhaust stroke排气冲程compression ratio压缩比lifter挺柱rocker摇臂retainer弹簧座seal密封件tappet 推杆lobe凸起gasket垫圈valve train配气机构cam follower气门挺柱rocker arm摇臂combustion chamber燃烧室intake valve进气阀exhaust valve排气阀valve stem气门杆valve cover气门室盖valve port阀口valve guide气门导管 unit3
汽车专业英语 主编：李崑 课后专业词汇汇总（带音标） 汇总：徐艳民 1 automobile ['?:t?m?ubi:l, ,?:t?m?'bi:l]汽车（美） assembly line [?'sembli]装配线 petroleum refining [pi'tr?uli?m, p?-]石油提炼 body and frame车身与车架 engine ['end?in] 发动机、引擎 drive line 传动系统 running gear 控制装置 suspension[s?'spen??n]悬架系统 unitized body ['ju:nitaizd]整体式车身 gasoline engine ['ɡ?s?li:n]汽油机 diesel engine ['di:z?l]柴油机 gas turbine['t?:bain, -bin]燃气轮机 battery ['b?t?ri]电池、电池组 fuel cell燃料电池 hybrid power ['haibrid][pau?]混合动力系统 piston ['pist?n]活塞 rotary engine ['r?ut?ri]转子发动机 vehicle ['vi:ikl, 有时发'vi:hi-]交通工具、车辆 transmission [tr?nz'mi??n, tr?ns-, trɑ:n-]变速器 drive shaft传动轴 differential [,dif?'ren??l]差速器 rear axle ['?ks?l]后轴、后桥 rear-wheel drive后轮驱动 front-wheel drive 前轮驱动 braking system 制动系统 wheel车轮 tire 轮胎 steering system 转向系统 spring [sp ri?]弹簧 shock absorber [??k] [?b's?:b?]减震器 Macpherson strut [m?k'f?:sn] [str?t]麦弗逊式悬架 torsion bar ['t?:??n]扭力杆 strut rod 支撑杆 stabilizer bar ['steibilaiz?]横向稳定杆 2 internal combustion engine [in't?:n?l] [k?m'b?st??n] ['end?in]内燃机 fuel 燃料 external combustion engine [ik'st?:n?l]外燃机 steam engine 蒸汽机 intermittent combustion engine[,int?'mit?nt]间隔燃烧式发动机 continuous combustion engine [k?n'tinju?s]连续燃烧式发动机 turbine engine ['t?:bain, -bin]涡轮发动机 rocket engine ['r?kit]火箭发动机 jet (or reaction) engine喷气式发动机 Wankel engine汪克尔发动机、转子发动机 stroke [str?uk]冲程、行程 cooling system冷却系统 fuel system燃料系统 ignition system [iɡ'ni??n]点火系统 spark-ignition engine 火花点燃式发动机 compression-ignition engine 压燃式发动机 liquid-cooled 用液体冷却的、水冷的 air-cooled 用空气冷却的、风冷的 3 cylinder block 气缸体 cylinder ['silind?]气缸 connecting rod 连杆 crankshaft['kr??k,?ɑ:ft]曲轴 cylinder head气缸盖 combustion chamber[k?m'b?st??n] ['t?eimb?]燃烧室 valve气门、阀 camshaft['k?m?ɑ:ft]凸轮轴 flywheel ['flaiwi:l]飞轮 intake manifold 进气歧管 exhaust manifold ['m?nif?uld]排气歧管 carburetor [,kɑ:bju'ret?, 'kɑ:-]化油器 fuel injector 燃料喷射器 cast iron ['ai?n]铸铁 aluminum [?'lju:min?m]铝 cooling fluid 冷却液 spark plug [pl?ɡ]火花塞 intake valve进气门 exhaust valve[iɡ'z?:st]排气门 cam凸轮 gear齿轮 belt皮带 chain链条 overhead camshaft (OHC) 凸轮轴上置式 rpm=revolutions per minute[,rev?'lju:??n]转速、转数/分钟 horsepower ['h?:s,pau?]马力、功率 intake system 进气系统 sensor ['sens?, -s?:]传感器 oxygen sensor ['?ksid??n]氧传感器 fuel induction system[in'd?k??n]燃料吸入系统 4 fuel tank 燃料箱、油箱 fuel line燃料管路 fuel pump 燃料泵、燃油泵 fuel filter [filt?]燃料滤清器 PCM (power train control module) 动力系统控制模块（计算机）
UNIT TWO P18 An automobile probably has about 7,000 different parts in it. Some of them make it more comfortable or better looking, but most of them are to make it run. 一台车可能有７０００多个不同的零件。一些使它更舒适或外观更好看。但大部分是使它能运转的。 The three basic components of the automobile are the engine, chassis and body. 汽车基本三大组成部分是发动机，底盘和车身． The engine converts the fuel energy into mechanical power. An internal combustion engine powers our modern automobile. The engine burns its fuel within the engine proper, as compared to a steam engine where the fuel is burned externally. The gasoline and air mixture of the internal combustion engine is compressed by a piston inside an airtight cylinder and ignited by a spark. The trapped air-fuel mixture burns fiercely, causing tremendous heat which expands the trapped gases and pushes the piston down. This is the motive power of the automobile. The automobile engine is essentially a heat engine. It requires fuel to burn, a spark to ignite, lubrication to minimize friction, and a cooling system to dissipate unwanted heat. 发动机把燃油的能量转化成机械能．内燃机给现代的汽车提供动力。发动机在其内部燃烧油料，相比蒸汽机是在外部燃烧燃料。内燃机汽油和空气的混合物通过密封汽缸内的活塞压缩，由火花塞点燃。被密封的空气燃料混合物剧烈燃烧，产生很高的热量，使压缩气体膨胀并推动活塞下降。这就是汽车的原动力。汽车发动机实质上是个热能发动机。它需要燃料燃烧，火花塞点燃，润滑剂减小摩擦，还要有冷却系统来驱散多余的热量。 The fuel system takes a correctly proportioned mixture of gasoline and air to burn and develop the power needed to push the piston down the cylinder. To store, mix, and deliver this air-fuel mixture is the duty of the fuel system. 燃油系统吸取适量比例的汽油空气混合物进行燃烧并传递能量，推动汽缸向下运动．储存，混合和传递空气燃油混合物是燃油系统的工作． When the explosive mixture of air and gasoline is compressed tightly, a spark is sent through the mixture, setting it on fire, which results in the heat and expansion used to push the piston down the cylinder. The ignition system furnishes a spark to each spark plug when its cylinder is full of the compressed air-fuel mixture. 当空气和汽油的爆炸性混合物被压紧，火花塞通过混合物，点燃气体。产生的热量和膨胀力推动活塞在汽缸内下降。当其内部充满空气燃油混合物时，燃油系统给每个火花塞提供火星． The lubrication system provides a constant flow of filtered oil to all moving parts of the engine. The system consists of an oil pan to store the oil, a pump to circulate it, a filter to remove solid abrasive particles, and an oil gauge or light in the driver’s compartment for checking purposes. 润滑系统连续不断地给发动机所有运动部件提供过滤油脂．此系统包括储存油的油底壳，循环油的油泵，带走固体腐蚀颗粒的过滤器，以及在司机舱内用于测量的油压表或灯． The engine derives its power from burning fuel. Unfortunately, not all of this heat can be used, and, if allowed to remain in the engine, it would soon destroy it. The temperature of the burning air/fuel mixture About 4500°F. Compare this with the boiling point of water, 212°F, and the melting point of iron, 2500°F. If this unused heat were not removed, the engine would soon melt. 发动机的动力来自燃烧的燃油，然而不是所有的热量都被使用，而且如果让这些热量留在发动机内，它会很快损毁发动机的。空气燃料混合物燃烧时温度达到约4500°F．与水的沸点212°F和钢铁的熔点2500°F相比，如果这些剩余的热量不被带走的话，发动机会很快熔化的． The coolant of the cooling system picks up the excess combustion heat as it is circulated through
engine type) liquid cooled, in-line, 4cylinder, carb (发动机型号)水冷，直列，四缸，化油器式 (engine) compression ratio (发动机)压缩比 (engine) displacement (发动机)排量 (engine) fuel (发动机)燃料 3rd gear 三档齿轮 3-way seat 三向座椅 4WD control device 四轮驱动控制装置 4WD indicator switch 四轮驱动指示灯开关 4WD lamp electrical connection 四轮驱动指示灯接线 4WD switch 四轮驱动开关 5th synchromesh assy. 五档同步器总成 6PK belt 6PK 多楔驱动皮带 A / C compressor assembly 空调压缩机总成 A / C control assembly 空调控制装置 A/C & heater assy. 空调加热器总成 A/C blower 空调鼓风机 A/C clutch 空调压缩机离合器 A/C compressor MTG bracket 空调压缩机安装支架 A/C control assy. 空调控制器 A/C housing assy. 空调箱总成 A/C low pressure switch 空调低压开关 A/C mode select switch 空调状态选择开关
abdomen performance criterion 腹部性能指标 Abdominal Peak Force 腹部力峰值 ABS 防抱死制动系统 acceleration fuel system 加速系统 acceleration running noise level 加速行驶噪声 accelerator interlocking type 加速踏板联锁式 accounting foundation 财政基础 Actual cycle work 实际循环功 Actual torso angle 实际躯干角 adapter 连接器 additional features 附加装置 additional rule 附加法规 adjust screw 调整螺钉 adjuster cable 调整拉线 adjuster plug 调整盖 adjuster screw assy. 调整螺栓总成 adjuster washer 调整棘片 adjuster, diff. bearing 差速器轴承调整螺母 Adjustment system 调节装置 Administration and Registration Division 管理科 Agreement Concerning the Adoption of Uniform Technical Prescriptions for Wheeled Vehicles, Equipment and Parts Which
INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE 引擎燃烧室 1. principle of operation 原理 Engine and power : Engine is used to produce power. The chemical energy in fuel is converted to heat by the burning of the fuel at a controlled rate. This process is called combustion. If engine combustion occurs with the power chamber. ,the engine is called internal combustion engine. If combustion takes place outside the cylinder, the engine is called an external combustion engine. Engine used in automobiles are internal combustion heat engines. Heat energy released in the combustion chamber raises the temperature of the combustion gases with the chamber. The increase in gas temperature causes the pressure of the gases to increase. The pressure developed within the combustion chamber is applied to the head of a piston to produce a usable mechanical force, which is then converted into useful mechanical power. 译: 引擎和能量: 引擎为汽车提供能量，燃料的化学能通过燃烧，转化为热能，这个过程叫燃烧。假如燃烧在燃烧室，这样的发动机叫内燃机。假如燃烧在气缸外，这样的发动机叫外燃机。 用在汽车上的一般是内燃机，热能在燃烧室释放，燃烧室气体温度升高。气体温度的升高使气体的压力曾加，燃烧室内的高压气体作用在活塞头部产生可以利用的化学能，化学能转化为机械能。 Engine T erms : Linking the piston by a connecting rod to a crankshaft causes the gas to rotate the shaft through half a turn. The power stroke “uses up” the gas , so means must be provided to expel the burnt gas and recharge the cylinder with a fresh petrol-air mixture :this control of gas movement is the duty of the valves ;an inlet valve allows the new mixture to enter at the right time and an exhaust valve lets out the burnt gas after the gas has done its job. Engine terms are : TDC(Top Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is farther away from the crankshaft. BDC(Bottom Dead Center):the position of the crank and piston when the piston is nearest to the crankshaft. Stroke : the distance between BDC and TDC; stroke is controlled by the crankshaft. Bore : the internal diameter of the cylinder. Swept volume : the volume between TDC and BDC Engine capacity : this is the swept volume of all the cylinder e.g. a four-stroke having a capacity of two liters(2000cm) has a cylinder swept volume of 50cm. Clearance volume: the volume of the space above the piston when it is at TDC. Compression ratio = (swept vol + clearance vol)\(clearance vol) Two-stroke : a power stroke every revolution of the crank.