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附件一：“挑战杯”创业计划大赛简介一、简介创业计划又名“商业计划”（Business Plan），是一无所有的创业者就某一项具有市场前景的新产品或服务向风险投资家游说，以取得风险投资的商业可行性报告。
创业计划竞赛起源于美国，又称商业计划竞赛，它是借用风险投资的实际运作模式，要求参赛者组成优势互补的竞赛小组，提出一个具有市场前景的技术产品或服务，围绕这一产品或服务，以获得风险投资为目的，完成一份完整、具体、深入的商业计划。
完整的创业计划应该包括企业概述、业务展望、风险因素、投资回报、退出策略、组织管理、财务预测等方面的内容。
美国自1983年德州大学奥斯丁分校举办首届商业计划竞赛以来，已有包括麻省理工学院、斯坦福大学等世界一流大学在内的十多所大学每年举办这一竞赛。
最著名的MIT“5万美金商业计划竞赛”已有十多年历史，每年都有5、6家新的企业从大赛中诞生，影响深远。
Netscape、Excite、Yahoo！等公司就是在美国大学的创业氛围中诞生的。
每年有相当数量的创业计划和创业团队被附近的高新技术企业以上百万美元的价格买走。
这些由创业计划竞赛直接孵化出来的企业中，有的在短短几年内就成长为年营业额数十亿美元的大公司。
从某种意义上说，美国高校的创业计划竞赛活动已经成为知识经济时代美国经济的直接驱动力量之一。
在中国，创业计划竞赛最早于1998年在清华大学举行。
1999年，由共青团中央、中国科协、全国学联主办，清华大学承办的首届"挑战杯"中国大学生创业计划竞赛成功举行。
竞赛汇集了全国120余所高校的近400件作品，在全国高校掀起了一轮创新、创业的热潮，产生了良好的社会影响。
在社会各界的关心和支持下，一批创业计划进入了实际运行操作阶段，技术、资本与市场的结合向更深的层次推进。
2000年，第二届"挑战杯"中国大学生创业计划竞赛在上海交通大学成功举办；2002年第三届“挑战杯”中国大学生创业计划竞赛在浙江大学举办；2004年第四届“挑战杯”中国大学生创业计划竞赛在厦门大学成功举办，2006年第五届“挑战杯”在山东大学成功举行,把大学生创业浪潮推向了新的高峰。
Business Plan for a Startup BusinessThe business plan consists of a narrative and several financial worksheets. The narrative template is the body of the business plan. It contains more than 150 questions divided into several sections. Work through the sections in any order that you like, except for the Executive Summary, which should be done last. Skip any questions that do not apply to your type of business. When you are finished writing your first draft, you’ll have a collection of small essays on the various topics of the business plan. Then you’ll want to edit them into a smooth-flowing narrative.The real value of creating a business plan is not in having the finished product in hand; rather, the value lies in the process of researching and thinking about your business in a systematic way. The act of planning helps you to think things through thoroughly, study and research if you are not sure of the facts, and look at your ideas critically. It takes time now, but avoids costly, perhaps disastrous, mistakes later.This business plan is a generic model suitable for all types of businesses. However, you should modify it to suit your particular circumstances. Before you begin, review the section titled Refining the Plan, found at the end. It suggests emphasizing certain areas depending upon your type of business (manufacturing, retail, service, etc.). It also has tips for fine-tuning your plan to make an effective presentation to investors or bankers. If this is why you’re creating your plan, pay particular attention to your writing style. You will be judged by the quality and appearance of your work as well as by your ideas.It typically takes several weeks to complete a good plan. Most of that time is spent in research and re-thinking your ideas and assumptions. But then, that’s the value of the process. So make time to do the job properly. Those who do never regret the effort. And finally, be sure to keep detailed notes on your sources of information and on the assumptions underlying your financial data.If you need assistance with your business plan, contact the SCORE office in your area to set up a business counseling appointment with a SCORE volunteer or send your plan for review to a SCORE counselor at . Call 1-800-634-0245 to get the contact information for the SCORE office closest to you.Business PlanOWNERSYour Business NameAddress Line 1Address Line 2City, ST ZIP CodeTelephoneFaxE-MailI.Table of ContentsI.Table of Contents (3)II.Executive Summary (4)III.General Company Description (5)IV.Products and Services (6)V.Marketing Plan (7)VI.Operational Plan (16)VII.Management and Organization (21)VIII.Personal Financial Statement (22)IX.Startup Expenses and Capitalization (23)X.Financial Plan (24)XI.Appendices (27)XII.Refining the Plan (28)II.Executive SummaryWrite this section last.We suggest that you make it two pages or fewer.Include everything that you would cover in a five-minute interview.Explain the fundamentals of the proposed business: What will your product be? Who will your customers be? Who are the owners? What do you think the future holds for your business and your industry?Make it enthusiastic, professional, complete, and concise.If applying for a loan, state clearly how much you want, precisely how you are going to use it, and how the money will make your business more profitable, thereby ensuring repayment.III.General Company DescriptionWhat business will you be in? What will you do?Mission Statement: Many companies have a brief mission statement, usually in 30 words or fewer, explaining their reason for being and their guiding principles. If you want to draft a mission statement, this is a good place to put it in the plan, followed by:Company Goals and Objectives: Goals are destinations—where you want your business to be. Objectives are progress markers along the way to goal achievement. For example, a goal might be to have a healthy, successful company that is a leader in customer service and that has a loyal customer following. Objectives might be annual sales targets and some specific measures of customer satisfaction.Business Philosophy: What is important to you in business?To whom will you market your products? (State it briefly here—you will do a more thorough explanation in the Marketing Plan section).Describe your industry. Is it a growth industry? What changes do you foresee in the industry, short term and long term? How will your company be poised to take advantage of them?Describe your most important company strengths and core competencies. What factors will make the company succeed? What do you think your major competitive strengths will be? What background experience, skills, and strengths do you personally bring to this new venture?Legal form of ownership: Sole proprietor, Partnership, Corporation, Limited liability corporation (LLC)? Why have you selected this form?IV.Products and ServicesDescribe in depth your products or services (technical specifications, drawings, photos, sales brochures, and other bulky items belong in Appendices).What factors will give you competitive advantages or disadvantages? Examples include level of quality or unique or proprietary features.What are the pricing, fee, or leasing structures of your products or services?V.Marketing PlanMarket research - Why?No matter how good your product and your service, the venture cannot succeed without effective marketing. And this begins with careful, systematic research. It is very dangerous to assume that you already know about your intended market. You need to do market research to make sure you’re on track. Use the business planning process as your opportunity to uncover data and to question your marketing efforts. Your time will be well spent.Market research - How?There are two kinds of market research: primary and secondary.Secondary research means using published information such as industry profiles, trade journals, newspapers, magazines, census data, and demographic profiles. This type of information is available in public libraries, industry associations, chambers of commerce, from vendors who sell to your industry, and from government agencies.Start with your local library. Most librarians are pleased to guide you through their business data collection. You will be amazed at what is there. There are more online sources than you could possibly use. Your chamber of commerce has good information on the local area. Trade associations and trade publications often have excellent industry-specific data.Primary research means gathering your own data. For example, you could do your own traffic count at a proposed location, use the yellow pages to identify competitors, and do surveys or focus-group interviews to learn about consumer preferences. Professional market research can be very costly, but there are many books that show small business owners how to do effective research themselves.In your marketing plan, be as specific as possible; give statistics, numbers, and sources. The marketing plan will be the basis, later on, of the all-important sales projection. EconomicsFacts about your industry:What is the total size of your market?∙What percent share of the market will you have? (This is important only if you think you will be a major factor in the market.)∙Current demand in target market.∙Trends in target market—growth trends, trends in consumer preferences, and trends in product development.∙Growth potential and opportunity for a business of your size.∙What barriers to entry do you face in entering this market with your new company? Some typical barriers are:o High capital costso High production costso High marketing costso Consumer acceptance and brand recognitiono Training and skillso Unique technology and patentso Unionso Shipping costso Tariff barriers and quotas∙And of course, how will you overcome the barriers?∙How could the following affect your company?o Change in technologyo Change in government regulationso Change in the economyo Change in your industryProductIn the Products and Services section, you described your products and services as you see them. Now describe them from your customers’ point of view.Features and BenefitsList all of your major products or services.For each product or service:∙Describe the most important features. What is special about it?∙Describe the benefits. That is, what will the product do for the customer?Note the difference between features and benefits, and think about them. For example, a house that gives shelter and lasts a long time is made with certain materials and to a certain design; those are its features. Its benefits include pride of ownership, financial security, providing for the family, and inclusion in a neighborhood. You build features into your product so that you can sell the benefits.What after-sale services will you give? Some examples are delivery, warranty, service contracts, support, follow-up, and refund policy.CustomersIdentify your targeted customers, their characteristics, and their geographic locations, otherwise known as their demographics.The description will be completely different depending on whether you plan to sell to other businesses or directly to consumers. If you sell a consumer product, but sell it through a channel of distributors, wholesalers, and retailers, you must carefully analyze both the end consumer and the middleman businesses to which you sell.You may have more than one customer group. Identify the most important groups. Then, for each customer group, construct what is called a demographic profile: ∙Age∙Gender∙Location∙Income level∙Social class and occupation∙Education∙Other (specific to your industry)∙Other (specific to your industry)For business customers, the demographic factors might be:∙Industry (or portion of an industry)∙Location∙Size of firm∙Quality, technology, and price preferences∙Other (specific to your industry)∙Other (specific to your industry)CompetitionWhat products and companies will compete with you?List your major competitors:(Names and addresses)Will they compete with you across the board, or just for certain products, certain customers, or in certain locations?Will you have important indirect competitors? (For example, video rental stores compete with theaters, although they are different types of businesses.)How will your products or services compare with the competition?Use the Competitive Analysis table below to compare your company with your two most important competitors. In the first column are key competitive factors. Since these vary from one industry to another, you may want to customize the list of factors.In the column labeled Me, state how you honestly think you will stack up in customers' minds. Then check whether you think this factor will be a strength or a weakness for you. Sometimes it is hard to analyze our own weaknesses. Try to be very honest here. Better yet, get some disinterested strangers to assess you. This can be a real eye-opener. And remember that you cannot be all things to all people. In fact, trying to be causes many business failures because efforts become scattered and diluted. You want an honest assessment of your firm's strong and weak points.Now analyze each major competitor. In a few words, state how you think they compare. In the final column, estimate the importance of each competitive factor to the customer.1 = critical; 5 = not very important.Table 1: Competitive AnalysisNow, write a short paragraph stating your competitive advantages and disadvantages.NicheNow that you have systematically analyzed your industry, your product, your customers, and the competition, you should have a clear picture of where your company fits into the world.In one short paragraph, define your niche, your unique corner of the market.StrategyNow outline a marketing strategy that is consistent with your niche.PromotionHow will you get the word out to customers?Advertising: What media, why, and how often? Why this mix and not some other? Have you identified low-cost methods to get the most out of your promotional budget? Will you use methods other than paid advertising, such as trade shows, catalogs, dealer incentives, word of mouth (how will you stimulate it?), and network of friends or professionals?What image do you want to project? How do you want customers to see you?In addition to advertising, what plans do you have for graphic image support? This includes things like logo design, cards and letterhead, brochures, signage, and interior design (if customers come to your place of business).Should you have a system to identify repeat customers and then systematically contact them?Promotional BudgetHow much will you spend on the items listed above?Before startup? (These numbers will go into your startup budget.)Ongoing? (These numbers will go into your operating plan budget.)PricingExplain your method or methods of setting prices. For most small businesses, having the lowest price is not a good policy. It robs you of needed profit margin; customers may not care as much about price as you think; and large competitors can under price you anyway. Usually you will do better to have average prices and compete on quality and service.Does your pricing strategy fit with what was revealed in your competitive analysis? Compare your prices with those of the competition. Are they higher, lower, the same? Why?How important is price as a competitive factor? Do your intended customers really make their purchase decisions mostly on price?What will be your customer service and credit policies?Proposed LocationProbably you do not have a precise location picked out yet. This is the time to think about what you want and need in a location. Many startups run successfully from home for a while.You will describe your physical needs later, in the Operational Plan section. Here, analyze your location criteria as they will affect your customers.Is your location important to your customers? If yes, how?If customers come to your place of business:Is it convenient? Parking? Interior spaces? Not out of the way?Is it consistent with your image?Is it what customers want and expect?Where is the competition located? Is it better for you to be near them (like car dealers or fast food restaurants) or distant (like convenience food stores)?Distribution ChannelsHow do you sell your products or services?RetailDirect (mail order, Web, catalog)WholesaleYour own sales forceAgentsIndependent representativesBid on contractsSales ForecastNow that you have described your products, services, customers, markets, and marketing plans in detail, it’s time to attach some numbers to your plan. Use a sales forecast spreadsheet to prepare a month-by-month projection. The forecast should be based on your historical sales, the marketing strategies that you have just described, your market research, and industry data, if available.You may want to do two forecasts: 1) a "best guess", which is what you really expect, and 2) a "worst case" low estimate that you are confident you can reach no matter what happens.Remember to keep notes on your research and your assumptions as you build this sales forecast and all subsequent spreadsheets in the plan. This is critical if you are going to present it to funding sources.VI.Operational PlanExplain the daily operation of the business, its location, equipment, people, processes, and surrounding environment.ProductionHow and where are your products or services produced?Explain your methods of:∙Production techniques and costs∙Quality control∙Customer service∙Inventory control∙Product developmentLocationWhat qualities do you need in a location? Describe the type of location you’ll have. Physical requirements:∙Amount of space∙Type of building∙Zoning∙Power and other utilitiesAccess:Is it important that your location be convenient to transportation or to suppliers?Do you need easy walk-in access?What are your requirements for parking and proximity to freeway, airports, railroads, and shipping centers?Include a drawing or layout of your proposed facility if it is important, as it might be for a manufacturer.Construction? Most new companies should not sink capital into construction, but if you are planning to build, costs and specifications will be a big part of your plan.Cost: Estimate your occupation expenses, including rent, but also including maintenance, utilities, insurance, and initial remodeling costs to make the space suit your needs. These numbers will become part of your financial plan.What will be your business hours?Legal EnvironmentDescribe the following:∙Licensing and bonding requirements∙Permits∙Health, workplace, or environmental regulations∙Special regulations covering your industry or profession∙Zoning or building code requirements∙Insurance coverage∙Trademarks, copyrights, or patents (pending, existing, or purchased)Personnel∙Number of employees∙Type of labor (skilled, unskilled, and professional)∙Where and how will you find the right employees?∙Quality of existing staff∙Pay structure∙Training methods and requirements∙Who does which tasks?∙Do you have schedules and written procedures prepared?∙Have you drafted job descriptions for employees? If not, take time to write some.They really help internal communications with employees.∙For certain functions, will you use contract workers in addition to employees?Inventory∙What kind of inventory will you keep: raw materials, supplies, finished goods?∙Average value in stock (i.e., what is your inventory investment)?∙Rate of turnover and how this compares to the industry averages?∙Seasonal buildups?∙Lead-time for ordering?SuppliersIdentify key suppliers:∙Names and addresses∙Type and amount of inventory furnished∙Credit and delivery policies∙History and reliabilityShould you have more than one supplier for critical items (as a backup)?Do you expect shortages or short-term delivery problems?Are supply costs steady or fluctuating? If fluctuating, how would you deal with changing costs?Credit Policies∙Do you plan to sell on credit?∙Do you really need to sell on credit? Is it customary in your industry and expected by your clientele?∙If yes, what policies will you have about who gets credit and how much?∙How will you check the creditworthiness of new applicants?∙What terms will you offer your customers; that is, how much credit and when is payment due?∙Will you offer prompt payment discounts? (Hint: Do this only if it is usual and customary in your industry.)∙Do you know what it will cost you to extend credit? Have you built the costs into your prices?Managing Your Accounts ReceivableIf you do extend credit, you should do an aging at least monthly to track how much of your money is tied up in credit given to customers and to alert you to slow payment problems. A receivables aging looks like the following table:You will need a policy for dealing with slow-paying customers:∙When do you make a phone call?∙When do you send a letter?∙When do you get your attorney to threaten?Managing Your Accounts PayableYou should also age your accounts payable, what you owe to your suppliers. This helps you plan whom to pay and when. Paying too early depletes your cash, but paying late can cost you valuable discounts and can damage your credit. (Hint: If you know you will be late making a payment, call the creditor before the due date.)Do your proposed vendors offer prompt payment discounts?A payables aging looks like the following table.VII.Management and OrganizationWho will manage the business on a day-to-day basis? What experience does that person bring to the business? What special or distinctive competencies? Is there a plan for continuation of the business if this person is lost or incapacitated?If you’ll have more than 10 employees, create an organizational chart showing the management hierarchy and who is responsible for key functions.Include position descriptions for key employees. If you are seeking loans or investors, include resumes of owners and key employees.Professional and Advisory SupportList the following:∙Board of directors∙Management advisory board∙Attorney∙Accountant∙Insurance agent∙Banker∙Consultant or consultants∙Mentors and key advisorsVIII.Personal Financial StatementInclude personal financial statements for each owner and major stockholder, showing assets and liabilities held outside the business and personal net worth. Owners will often have to draw on personal assets to finance the business, and these statements will show what is available. Bankers and investors usually want this information as well.IX.Startup Expenses and CapitalizationYou will have many startup expenses before you even begin operating your business. It’s important to estimate these expenses accurately and then to plan where you will get sufficient capital. This is a research project, and the more thorough your research efforts, the less chance that you will leave out important expenses or underestimate them.Even with the best of research, however, opening a new business has a way of costing more than you anticipate. There are two ways to make allowances for surprise expenses. The first is to add a little “padding” to each item in the budget. The problem with that approach, however, is that it destroys the accuracy of your carefully wrought plan. The second approach is to add a separate line item, called contingencies, to account for the unforeseeable. This is the approach we recommend.Talk to others who have started similar businesses to get a good idea of how much to allow for contingencies. If you cannot get good information, we recommend a rule of thumb that contingencies should equal at least 20 percent of the total of all other start-up expenses.Explain your research and how you arrived at your forecasts of expenses. Give sources, amounts, and terms of proposed loans. Also explain in detail how much will be contributed by each investor and what percent ownership each will have.X.Financial PlanThe financial plan consists of a 12-month profit and loss projection, a four-year profit and loss projection (optional), a cash-flow projection, a projected balance sheet, and a break-even calculation. Together they constitute a reasonable estimate of your company's financial future. More important, the process of thinking through the financial plan will improve your insight into the inner financial workings of your company.12-Month Profit and Loss ProjectionMany business owners think of the 12-month profit and loss projection as the centerpiece of their plan. This is where you put it all together in numbers and get an idea of what it will take to make a profit and be successful.Your sales projections will come from a sales forecast in which you forecast sales, cost of goods sold, expenses, and profit month-by-month for one year.Profit projections should be accompanied by a narrative explaining the major assumptions used to estimate company income and expenses.Research Notes: Keep careful notes on your research and assumptions, so that you can explain them later if necessary, and also so that you can go back to your sources when it’s time to revise your plan.Four-Year Profit Projection (Optional)The 12-month projection is the heart of your financial plan. The Four-Year Profit projection is for those who want to carry their forecasts beyond the first year.Of course, keep notes of your key assumptions, especially about things that you expect will change dramatically after the first year.Projected Cash FlowIf the profit projection is the heart of your business plan, cash flow is the blood. Businesses fail because they cannot pay their bills. Every part of your business plan is important, but none of it means a thing if you run out of cash.The point of this worksheet is to plan how much you need before startup, for preliminary expenses, operating expenses, and reserves. You should keep updating it and using it afterward. It will enable you to foresee shortages in time to do somethingabout them—perhaps cut expenses, or perhaps negotiate a loan. But foremost, you shouldn’t be taken by surprise.There is no great trick to preparing it: The cash-flow projection is just a forward look at your checking account.For each item, determine when you actually expect to receive cash (for sales) or when you will actually have to write a check (for expense items).You should track essential operating data, which is not necessarily part of cash flow but allows you to track items that have a heavy impact on cash flow, such as sales and inventory purchases.You should also track cash outlays prior to opening in a pre-startup column. You should have already researched those for your startup expenses plan.Your cash flow will show you whether your working capital is adequate. Clearly, if your projected cash balance ever goes negative, you will need more start-up capital. This plan will also predict just when and how much you will need to borrow.Explain your major assumptions, especially those that make the cash flow differ from the Profit and Loss Projection. For example, if you make a sale in month one, when do you actually collect the cash? When you buy inventory or materials, do you pay in advance, upon delivery, or much later? How will this affect cash flow?Are some expenses payable in advance? When?Are there irregular expenses, such as quarterly tax payments, maintenance and repairs, or seasonal inventory buildup, that should be budgeted?Loan payments, equipment purchases, and owner's draws usually do not show on profit and loss statements but definitely do take cash out. Be sure to include them.And of course, depreciation does not appear in the cash flow at all because you never write a check for it.Opening Day Balance SheetA balance sheet is one of the fundamental financial reports that any business needs for reporting and financial management. A balance sheet shows what items of value areheld by the company (assets), and what its debts are (liabilities). When liabilities are subtracted from assets, the remainder is o wners’ equity.Use a startup expenses and capitalization spreadsheet as a guide to preparing a balance sheet as of opening day. Then detail how you calculated the account balances on your opening day balance sheet.Optional: Some people want to add a projected balance sheet showing the estimated financial position of the company at the end of the first year. This is especially useful when selling your proposal to investors.Break-Even AnalysisA break-even analysis predicts the sales volume, at a given price, required to recover total costs. In other words, it’s the sales level that is the dividing line between operating at a loss and operating at a profit.Expressed as a formula, break-even is:Break-Even Sales = Fixed Costs1- Variable Costs(Where fixed costs are expressed in dollars, but variable costs are expressed as a percent of total sales.)Include all assumptions upon which your break-even calculation is based.。
Creating a Comprehensive Business PlanA comprehensive business plan is essential for any successful business venture. It serves as a roadmap for the organization, outlining its goals, strategies, financial projections, and operational plans. In this article, we will discuss the key components of creating a comprehensive business plan.1. Executive Summary:The executive summary is a brief overview of the entire business plan. It should include a summary of the business concept, target market, unique selling proposition, financial projections, and growth strategy. The executive summary should grab the reader's attention and provide a clear understanding of the business's potential.2. Company Description:This section should provide a detailed description of the business, including its mission statement, vision, values, and objectives. It should also outline the legal structure of the business, ownership details, and key personnel.3. Market Analysis:A thorough market analysis is crucial for understanding the industry landscape, target market, competition, and potential growth opportunities. This section should include market research findings, customer demographics, market trends, and competitive analysis.4. Marketing and Sales Strategy:The marketing and sales strategy outlines how the business will attract and retain customers. It should include the marketing channels, pricing strategy, sales forecast, advertising and promotional strategies, and customer relationship management plan.5. Product or Service Line:This section should provide a detailed description of the products or services offered by the business. It should highlight the unique features, benefits, pricing, and positioning in the market. Any intellectual property, patents, or trademarks should also be mentioned.6. Operations and Management Plan:The operations and management plan outlines the day-to-day operations of the business, including the production process, supply chain management, quality control, and customer service. It should also include an organizational chart, management team bios, and employee training and development plan.7. Financial Projections:The financial projections section is crucial for demonstrating the business's revenue potential, expenses, profit margins, and cash flow. It should include income statements, balance sheets, cash flow projections, breakeven analysis, and key financial ratios.8. Funding Requirements:This section should outline the funding requirements of the business, including startup costs, capital expenditures, working capital needs, and financing options. It should also include a detailed plan for how the funds will be used and repaid.9. Appendices:The appendices section should include supporting documents, such as resumes of key personnel, legal documents, market research data, product literature, and any other relevant information. It should provide additional context and detail to support the main sections of the business plan.In conclusion, creating a comprehensive business plan is essential for setting a clear direction for the business and attracting investors, partners, and stakeholders. By including all the key components mentioned above, businesses can increase their chances of success and achieve their goals.。
商业计划书（Business Plan）什么是商业计划书商业计划书，英文名称为Business Plan，是公司、企业或项目单位为了达到招商融资和其它发展目标，在经过前期对项目科学地调研、分析、搜集与整理有关资料的基础上，根据一定的格式和内容的具体要求而编辑整理的一个向投资者全面展示公司和项目目前状况、未来发展潜力的书面材料。
商业计划书是以书面的形式全面描述企业所从事的业务。
它详尽地介绍了一个公司的产品服务、生产工艺、市场和客户、营销策略、人力资源、组织架构、对基础设施和供给的需求、融资需求，以及资源和资金的利用。
编写商业计划书的直接目的是为了寻找战略合作伙伴或者风险投资资金，其内容应珍视科学的反应项目的投资价值。
一般而言，项目规模越庞大，商业计划书的篇幅也就越长；如果企业的业务单一，则可简洁一些。
一份好的商业计划书的特点是：关注产品、敢于竞争、充分市场调研，有力资料说明、表明行动的方针、展示优秀团队、良好的财务预计、出色的计划概要等几点。
在申请融资时，商业计划书是至关重要的一环，无论申请对象是风险投资机构或其他任何投资或信贷来源。
因此，商业计划书应该做到内容完整、意愿真诚、基于事实、结构清晰、通俗易懂。
商业计划书的内容商业计划书应能反映经营者对项目的认识及取得成功的把握，它应突出经营者的核心竞争力；最低限度反映经营者如何创造自己的竞争优势，如何在市场中脱颖而出，如何争取较大的市场份额，如何发展和扩张。
种种“如何”是构成商业计划书的说服力。
若只有远景目标、期望而忽略“如何”，则商业计划书便成为“宣传口号”而已。
商业计划书包含的范围很广，但一般离不开以下题目：经营者的理念、市场、客户、比较优势、管理团队、财务预测、风险因素等等。
对市场的分析应由大入小，从宏观到微观，以数据为基础，深刻的描述公司/ 项目在市场中将争取的定位。
对比较优势，应在非常清楚本身强弱情况及竞争对手的战略而作分析。
至于管理团队，应从各人的背景及经验分析其对公司/ 项目中不同岗位的作用。
High partyI.Introduction:Name: Heaven of CarnivalLocation: Hong KongMission statement:●to provide plans to all kinds of parties, such as wedding,birthday, proposal & marriage ceremony, graduation,Annual Dinner and other festivals●to design personalized ideas and services for people inneedPurpose:For amusementTo prepare devices or services for customers to organize a partyTo enlarge peopl e's social circleTo introduce or promote a companyII. Market analysis●Party is a kind of western way of socializing; it meanspeople gathering for entertainment and celebration. The most common parties such as birthday party, celebrity party, football party, Christmas party, the Frat Party,house party, or dorm room party and so on. With theincreasing growth of Chinese social activities, all kinds of parties are beginning to across the nation.●On the other hand, as the increase of people's pressurefrom school or working, more and more people need time and place to relax and make friends.●Based on this condition, people who are good atorganizing a party has been active, and become aprofessional party planner.III. Our service offered:Activities●KTV●amusement park●Self-help kitchen●Table games（Chess & Cards）Foods●drinks/beverage/coffee●dinners: seafood/meats/soup/bread●fruits/salad●Sweet snacks●BarbecueD evices●guests' show●video camera/microphone/stereo/lamplight●red-carpet show●Instrumental Performance●invitation letterSpecial things●flowers/birthday cakes●rings●other surprisesIV.Co-workers & competitorsCooperation●Having cooperation with tourism●Working With the Media●Cleaning companies●shopping mall●beauty salonCompetition●We might compete with local travel agency or bars.V. Staff requirementsProfessional Background:❖Having advertising and public Relations Company work experience, or had the film and television creativeexperience, familiar with the requirements of Partyplanning and patterns.Characters:❖cheerful, tolerant, humorous❖Having the ability of organization, coordination andmacro control for rand om strain.Fashion hunter:❖a basic und erstanding of a certain artistic accomplishment and the western culture❖a keen fashion antennabe able to capture the city of fashion information, and wrap it as a Party's leading role or theme.Wid espread circle❖Communication is widespread, and keeps a goodrelationship with fashion circle, film circl e, art circle andmedia circle.Knowledgeable:❖Working carefully, master the knowledge of many sided, best can speak many languages, familiar with all kinds ofmannersFamiliar with procedures:❖To know all kinds of procedures for the annual inspection,and familiar with all kinds of fiel ds, and this is thenecessary condition to guarantee Party smoothly. pany strategy●B to C----Business to Customers●B to B-----Business to BusinessBusiness-to-consumer: two schemes1. To help customers planning perform activities:Customers can go to our website, which have all kinds of schemes can mix and match. We can even directly express what you want to party, if the customer be frightened by this troubl e, we also have set some schemes, such as birthday party, wedding party, business party, etc., if the customer satisfaction, can be directly choose this solution.2. Host sponsor theme parties. Customers can participate, and there is no limit to the admission candidate.When a customer wants to take part in this PARTY, can sign up on the Internet, fill in your personal information, there will be someone to contact the customer to confirm information, also can go to the agreed time to PARTY. After the customer can choose to sign up directly with the e-currency payment entrance fee, also can choose to pay againB to B-----Business to Business◆We will be geared to the needs of enterprises and groups, thiswill test our ability. staff association, company annual meetingand the association of certain groups of activities will be our main business .Also have another brand sponsorship, as some well-known brand, and they will be linked to the PARTY, in particular, would hold a special sponsorship we PARTY. This is also another BTOB model.VII. Financial supportsS ervice support: For enterprises and individuals to provid eprofessional entertainment planning services, at the same time, in order to ensure the quality of service and the personalizedneeds of customers, we launched special support to meetcustomer demand, customer satisfactory, the main businessincluding "service spirit" and "props for rent", "scene layout,decoration", "party DJ, MC, Dancer ", and so on!A dvertising revenue:Each big mall, enterprise, websitesand so on all can put an advertisement on our companywebsite, different types of advertising costs are also different,the standard decided by the firm. Of course, we will providepartner with a certain discount.S ponsorship tickets agent: in ad dition to planning PARTY, ourcompany also sell all kinds of stage productions, concerts, tickets for the large-scale performances. Customers can be on ourcompany website or call our reservation, then fill out your real information, we will have staff and customers to verify information and adopt the strategy of Taobao payment in cash on delivery.Brand sponsor: Some well-known brand, will be linked to the PARTY, in particular, would be helpful to hol d a special theme PARTY. This is also another BTOB model and will popularize their brand advantage.。
商业创业计划书英语怎么说商业创业计划书的英文翻译为"Business Startup Business Plan"。
商业创业计划书是一份对商业创业项目的详细规划和分析的文件，用于向潜在的投资者、合作伙伴或银行申请贷款等。
以下是一个关于商业创业计划书的英文回答，长于1200字：Introduction:The business startup business plan is a comprehensive document that outlines the details and strategies of a business venture. This plan serves as a roadmap for the entrepreneur, investors, and potential partners, providing an overall idea of the business, its market, competition, and financial projections.Executive Summary:The executive summary is a concise overview of the entire business plan. It includes a brief description of the business, its mission statement, target market, competitive advantage, and financial highlights. This section is crucial as it provides a quick understanding of the business to the readers and a snapshot of its potential.Company Description:This section provides a detailed description of the business, including itslegal structure, ownership, and location. It also highlights the products or services offered by the business, stating the unique selling proposition and how they cater to the target market. Additionally, the company's mission, vision, and values are discussed in this section.Market Analysis:The market analysis section is essential for understanding the target market, competition, and industry trends. It includes a thorough examination of the industry, market size, growth potential, and customer demographics. Competitor analysis is also conducted to identify the strengths and weaknesses of competitors in the market.Marketing and Sales Strategy:This section outlines the marketing and sales strategies that will be implemented to reach the target market and generate revenue. It includes an in-depth analysis of the market segmentation, pricing strategy, promotional activities, and distribution channels. Additionally, it emphasizes the business's unique selling proposition and how it differentiates from competitors.Product or Service Line:This section provides a detailed description of the products or servicesoffered by the business, including their features, benefits, and pricing. It highlights the competitive advantage and how the products or services meet the needs and preferences of the target market.Organization and Management:This section focuses on the organizational structure, management team, and key personnel involved in the business. It includes the roles and responsibilities of each team member, their qualifications, and relevant experience. Additionally, it outlines the hiring plan, employee retention strategies, and personnel-related expenses.Financial Projections:The financial projections section presents the expected financial performance of the business, including the income statement, cash flow statement, and balance sheet. It includes projected sales revenue, operating expenses, net income, and cash flow for the first few years of operation. Financial ratios and break-even analysis may also be included to demonstrate the business's profitability and sustainability.Funding Request and Use:If the business plan is intended to secure funding, this section outlines the financing needs of the business and how the funds will be utilized. Itincludes a detailed explanation of the amount of funding required, its purpose, and the repayment plan. Additionally, it may also include alternative funding sources and the potential risks and rewards associated with each option.Conclusion:In conclusion, the business startup business plan presents a comprehensive overview of the proposed business venture. It provides an analysis of the market, competition, and financial projections, along with the strategies to achieve success. With a well-crafted business plan, entrepreneurs can effectively communicate their ideas and secure potential investments or partnerships for their startup.。
Business plan for the pet marketMiracleNov -22-2009E XECUTIVE S UMMARYPets sold on the market today is very large, an increasing number of youn ger age groups like to keep as pets and to their part ners. They not only satisfied with a simple feeding, but also regard them as their parents. Because they have this men tality, the other releva nt market came into being and pets - pet groo ming, health care and so on. At prese nt, there are already many such institutions abroad; many domestic first-line has also been developed cities, a similar orga ni zati on, but due to tech ni cal reas ons, and other aspects of a sin gle n ati onal comparis on of many of these in stitutio nsIn developed city markets,there exists a lackage of all-package organization for all kind of pet services .In sec ond line cities,some service orga ni zati ons for only one ki nd of pet still have a large market share,but we n eed a more effective solution to develop market there.For the consideration,our program is to design the market in Nannin g,through the program,we can find a more effective way to learn how the pet service market works and how to explore pote ntial bus in ess opport uni ty.Table of Content1. I ntroduction2. Current marketing situation3. Swot analysis4. Objectives5. Marketing strategy6. Action programmes7. Budget8. Control9. Conslusion1. Introduction1.1Orga ni zati onHeadquarters: Chairma n, Gen eral Man ager (Finance Departme nt, Inv estme nt Departme nt, Marketi ng Departme nt), deputy gen eral man ager (customer servicedepartme nt, advertis ing departme nt), the departme nt heads, employeesChain stores:store man ager, medical groups, beauty group, photography group , public relati ons group, sales group2. Current marketing situationPet in dustry is curre ntly on the market, there are many simple pet sale shop; However, regard ing the pet of the service age ncies in the country only a very small presence in some developed smaller first-tier cities, structure, pet services, a single store, such as on pet care and beauty . It was lear ned that in foreig n coun tries, many developed coun tries, on a variety of pet services, age ncies have a perfect system, various age ncies widespread. Tech ni cally we can lear n from the in troducti on, for the in creas in gly popular "pet of the Win d", the pet services will be urge ntly n eeded. One has a perfect, healthy body of the pet service will be the curre nt market n eeds2.1 The macroe nvirome nt2.1.1 the global status of the pet industryWith the in creas ing liv ing sta ndards in China, pet gradually become closer and closer compa nion. Whether it is dogs, cats, birds, or fish or turtles, which housekeep ing past nursing homes, small ani mals for huma n en terta inment, became an important member of the family. In an increasingly competitive social environment, your pet's lovely and lively as is in the tension of moder n life, the huma n sending Ion eli ness, in crease the fun and ease the pressure.2.1.2 Analysis of China's pet industryChina has 1.3 billion population, and has farmed since ancient times, atraditional pet, according to conservative estimates, China now there are at least 100 million pets, pet market potential of the economy for at least up to 150 billion yuan, but China's current development level of the pet market not in the true sense, with the world」n the current marketenvironment in China, pet food and supplies to the retail industry is still in the emerging stage. Since 2007, many international and authoritative con sumer market research in stitutio ns bega n to pay close atte nti on to Chin a's pet in dustry. A survey shows that Chin ese pet total of 8 years in 1999-2007 in creased by n early 500%, accordi ng to in complete statistics, Chi na's curre nt pet dogs, cats and other types of pets for more than 200 million total in 2015, the the figure will reach 500 milli on. In 2008, the pet in dustry's annual output of about 200 billi on yua n, an annual growth rate of over 30%, acco un ti ng for 60% of the share of the world, this tran script have ben efited from Chin a's major pet products in dustry, a complete in dustrial cha in. 2010, pet in dustry's annual output value will be 400 billio n yua n.Intern ati onal experie nee shows that whe n the state 3000-5000 U.S. dollars per capita GDP reached, it will drive the country into the pet market high-speed developme nt period, curre ntly Chi na's easter n coastal areas in some cities per capita GDP has reached the above-me ntio ned sta ndards; the intern ati onal pet in dustry, part of the data shows that pet the economy of the country's total share of GDP has reached 6 percent in the United States, the European average of 3% -4%, Japan has also reached 2%, while in China, the figure was only 0.4%. With China's rapid econo mic developme nt and people's con sumptio n con cept of con ti nu ously updated for the pet in dustry will provide opport un ities for high-speed developme nt, and is bound to lead to pet's econo mic boom.2.1.3 Analysis of the international pet tradePets in the developed countries as an industry have Yierbainian history, formed a breedi ng, training, supplies, applia nces, medical, medici ne, trade, in dustrial chain. Strict laws and regulations, not only in the management of specific resp on sibilities, the gover nment and pet orga ni zatio ns compleme nt each other, and the pet industry in a systematic and standardized run, forming a part of the national economy .Overseas, the "pet econo my" is a huge in dustry .In 2001, the pet for the creati on of the U.S. economy of 276 billio n dollars in spe nding, the U.S. pet in sura nce industry in each year revenues of up to 40 million; in Sweden, or even 57% of dogowners who purchased their own dog pet in sura nee; Germa ny 17% of the annual n ati onal in come comes from Kenn el; in Australia, the pet in dustry with more tha n 30000 employees, and create n early 6% of the gross domestic product ...................................The intern ati onal pet market has gradually matured, keep ing pets has become the country's economic strength, a sign of social well-developed. Pet of the world economy, promote the rapid developme nt of the rapid developme nt of related industries, and gradually standardized, standardization and internationalization. The nu mber of pets, pet the economy to ben efit from rapidly rising year by year. People pamperi ng their pets to promote sales of pet supplies and pet services in dustry gradually grow, pet economy, pet food sales, pet supplies, pet groo ming shops, pet hospitals and other produce rapid successi on of new in dustries grew up, pet market has become increasingly strong. To pet food, for example, North America (mainly the Un ited States) is the largest regi on of all pet food con sumer market, but also hold the majority share of Western Europe, sales of pet food to all other classes the main con sumer market is also the con sumpti on of dog food and cat food The sec on d-largest market. In which the Un ited States and Japa n in the pet's econo mic growth is particularly prominent.Many people in the pet dogs who spe nd their own money tha n the body gets. This in cludes pet food, toys, fur niture, paid to the dog-walk ing people, modified dog beauticians, and pet therapists and all other sectors. "Pet craze" flourished, from which derived the "pet economy" are thriv ing.2.14 The analysis of the domestic macro economic environmentIn the marketing environment in China at present,the pet industries still in the emerg ing stage.From the year of 2007ma ny intern ati onal authority of the con sumer marketi ng research age ncies begi n to pay close atte nti on to Chin ese pet in dustries.Accord ing to a survey,the total of Chin ese pets are in crease almost 500%,accordi ng to in complete statistics,i n our country the nu mber of all kinds of pets over 200 millio n.To the year of2015,this nu mber will be reach 500millio n.In 2008,the GDP of the pets industries is 20 billion yuan,the annual growth rate over 30%,is about the 60% shares in the worl'pet in dustries.This major ben efit from the complete cha in of pet product in dustries.Forecast in the year of 2010,the GDP of pet in dustries will be 40 billio n yua n.ln no wadays,pet econo mic is acco unt 0.4% in our GDP」n the pace with our high-speed developme nt of econo mic and the peop' updated con sumptio n con cept,will provide the opport un ity of the high-speed developme nt in pet in dusries,a nd these in dustries are bound to lead a fever of pets econo mic.2.15 The analysis of the investment in fixed assets historical changes in trackSet up a pet hospital need 400 thousands yuan,but,after open the hospital,must be refinement.If the complete in-depth will need about 600 thousands yuan..Set up a small pet store ,n eed the same funds with the hospital.In the national,the actual growth rate of investment in fixed asset is 8% over the baseme nt in 2008,the con sumer base is stable.2.16 The analysis of macro-economic development forecast in 2009The con tract ion of domestic econo mic is expected to ease.After Finan cialCrisis,in our coun try,the worse n export and the inv estme nt slowdow n lead to the GDP short-term decli ne in,en terprise performa nee still worse n.But the loose mon etary policy and expa nsion policy sharp cut provide the cha nee of dow n cushi on for economic.In the short term,the stock digestion will be the end,and provide a chance in the future cha in to enhan ce.2.1.7 Department in charge of the pet industry1. Ani mal epidemic preve nti on supervisi on in stituti ons2. Bus in ess Man ageme nt3. Ani mal Medical in stituti ons2.1.8 Industry Management System1. Registrati on and approval system2. Dog lice nsing system3. Immuni zati on and special system of gover nance2.1.9 Pet industry's major regulatory and industrial policyI. Everyone who is based on profit for the purpose of operating to register the sale of pets, breeding or a foster child should be first to ask the municipality, county (city) compete nt authority for a lice nse and receive the bus in ess lice nses accord ing to the law.2. When set up an animal hospital you should have three or more registeredveteri nary practiti oners and registered veteri nary assista nt practiti on ers; whe n set upan imal clin ics, you should have two or more registered veteri nary practiti oners andveteri nary assista nt practiti oners .3. The owner should provide n ecessary medical ca,whe n the an imals were injured or sick. The animal ' s medical and surgery should be based on its health or man ageme nt n eeds,impleme nted by a veteri naria n.4. The animal ' s hospital have responsibility for th e ii of pets. In order to ensure the quality,you should not accept private drugs or drugs of unknown.You must get the medici ne from the in formal drug wholesale market.5. No one can abuse, harass, or hurt others ani mals for no reas on.6. The owner should peve nt their ani mals aga inst others ' life, property, liberty, body or tranquility for no reason.7. When transporting animals you should pay attention to their food, drinking water,en vir onmen tal, drain age and security. You should make sure your ani mal avoid sufferi ng, shock ing, or injuring.2.2 The microenviroment2.2.1. Market: Our main senior hous ing reside nts, fashi on able young man, Ion eli ness, main links have pet market, care, hairdress ing clea ning, etc.2.2.2. Customers: Inv estigati on shows, 60% of pet owners have bee n or are going to their pets makeover, such as "the beauty care, fur." While 28% of pet owners say no, if the good effect can try, Only 15 percent of insufficient opposed pets.. The brand image, product and service quality, the marketi ng en vir onment factors may affect the customers to buy.2.2.3. Competitors: Send multiple is our biggest competitor, it is the Chinese professional pet interlinks orgnaization, have practical strong, and the system of the pet shop chain operation management concept. The existing sent more than 160 multiple pet stores in Chin a, is the most pet store pet cha in stores. It has manydomestic and intern ati onal famous bran ds, the n ati onal age ncy for a millio n responsible for product priced straight, below the market price of 5-20, let every franchisees can be more competitive advantage, and with more than for each big supply of the manu facturer sig ned promoti onal activities.3.Swot analysisSTRENGTHS1. Complete Facilities, Professional researchers Strong technical force2. In the senior site area Close to con sumers3. Low purchas ing In Yiwu wholesale market, there is a significant cost adva ntages4. Fran chise operati on, easy to produce positive effects of econo mies of scale5. Success of financing policies, en sure adequate funding sources WEAKNESSES1. Chain information ' s slow circulati on2. Without own distributi on cha nn els3. Pers onnel of high quality requireme nt, the clerk recruit eno ugh4. Lack of core competitive products5. In dividual cha in is misma nageme nt, affect the compa ny brand imageOPPORTUNITIES1. Markets are not perfect, there are a great developme nt space2 .There are many self-employed in market,cha in have brand adva ntage3. Con sumers have a new dema nd, The new market gradually formedTHREATS1. In the developme nt of the market, Increasing competition, The market share is divided2. pet supplies alter native products are in creas ing3. Due to the outbreak of In flue nza epidemic, gover nment publish releva ntly restrictive policies4. Customers preferenee change4. Objectives4.1 Objectivesfirst,we will ope n XingLong pet service stati on to serve the pet dogs and cats of the residents living in high-class apartment in Nanning,then,after we improving skills and accumulating capital gradually,we'll be able to provide the corresponding service to other kinds of pet.We'll ope n XingLong pet happy stati on and use the experie nee of the spot to promotethe work in the en tire area.after the pattern being mature,we will extend this pattern to A-level cities like Guan gZhou and Shen Zhe n etc.5. Marketing strategy5.1 Mission statementMission statement:committed to service of pets ' eleaning，日udssrg,beautyon .Protect the pets and the masters ' healthy.5.2 Target marketpets of reside nts in the high-class apartme nt,of fashi on pion eers and of the senior who are Ion ely.5.3 Positioningpet service,i nclud ing Clea nsing Care and Beauty etc. Our store is equipped with specialist dog training ground. Pet usage swim ming pool, beauty sal on and curi ng room. Especially, will cater a great stay ing to you love pet.5.4 Product and service(1) clea ning⑵ Nursi ng⑶ Beauty(4) marriage and mat ing(5) Jewelry Decorati on⑹ Toys⑺ Photo Video(8) sale of small pets(9) Black Service: Pet Fun eral train services ( fun eral, specime ns, cemetery, etc.)Photos of various pet shops, interior walls as a background, the entire store is designed to light-colored series mainly reflects the warm feeling of home. Each group has its own services in line with the studio, all the studio reflects the characteristics of simple and clear. Environment should be to choose a more quiet location.5.5 Pricing strategiesWe will make comprehe nsive use of cost-orie nted and target profit law,1. Because our product positioning is high level urban white-collar crowd, so our pricing strategies with the target groups will be spending power, and some characteristics at the high level of services and products.2. Some com mon services and products that take full acco unt of product market competition in the market situation and trend in specific marketing strategies, to develop a Iong-term price system. We will use cost-oriented method to set prices, and sometimes eve n at lower tha n the market average price, and strive to be able to get in the market, some market share.5.6 Distribution1. Only a level middlemen, Yiwu wholesale market。
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business plan商务英语范文You might think that the only thing standing between a would-be entrepreneur and spectacular success is a glossy business plan with five-color charts, detailed spreadsheets, and a decade of month-by-month financial projections. But experienced investors know that these are mostly based on wishful thinking, not reality. What do they really want to see?Harvard Business School professor William Sahlman argues there are four factors critical to the success of every new venture and every great business plan.First, introduce the people starting and running the venture as well as outside parties, such as its lawyers, accountants, and suppliers. Most savvy investors will focus their attention on people because they believe that execution skills are what matters most. You need to prove you have the skills, experience, and network necessary for success.Next, the opportunity is a profile of the business itself, what you’re going to sell, to whom, for how much, and so on. Be sure to talk about the competition. If your business plan describes an unbeatable market position, you’ll sound naive.A good business plan openly discusses its strengths and vulnerabilities.Third is context. Here, you need to show not only your understanding of the big picture – the regulatory environment, interest rates, and so on – but how you will respond when these external factors inevitably change.Finally, talk about risk and reward. What happens if one of the founders leaves? What happens if demand skyrockets? Assess everything that can go wrong and right and explain how your team will actually respond.But wait, you might be wondering, what about the numbers? Yes, business plans should include some numbers, but those numbers should appear mainly in the form of a business model that shows your team has thought through key components of the venture’s success or failure.When will the business begin to make a profit? How will investors eventually get money when the business succeeds? A business plan that asks and answers the right questions is a powerful tool. A better deal, and a better shot at success awaits entrepreneurs who use it.。
Business planforByGroup 5 E1Harrison Alex Owen Danny Messi Andrew PeterBaseneyTABLE OF CONTENTSExecutive Summary----------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Background--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Market--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Sale and pricing---------------------------------------------------------------------------------8 Technological---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 Staff----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------16 Financial-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------17 Summary-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------211. Executive SummaryThe total capital we need is about 400,000 yuan. Each of the 8 members invest 50,000yuan. The name of our website is .The business will be a Web mall that serves students and other people China.Based on the financial and competitive analysis presented in this plan, will be will become firmly established in within three years.Happy ’s user-friendly environment, technical excellence, competitive ad rates, and its slogan, “ – Cheap,fast and happy” will provide a distinctive competitive edge. anticipates launching in 2012 with a target launch date of Jan 1, 2012. The site will be operational 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.2. Backgroundelectronic commerce background and significanceThe last century since the 90's, along with the network, communication and information technology, a breakthrough in the world, Internet explosive growth and the rapid popularization. In this context, the electronic commerce emerge as the times require. Electronic commerce is based on the Internet, to the main parties to the transaction, bank electronic payment and settlement means, to the customer data based on new business model, it can make the merchant and the supplier closelyrelates, quickly meets the customer need, also allows businesses globally to select the best suppliers, in the world the market sales of products. Since 1998 the" e-commerce" since, the rapid development of electronic commerce in the world, approximately every nine months, its transaction volume will be doubled, global e-commerce transactions ( including online trade, such as hundreds of billions of dollars in sales ), business income increased 262%.At present, many countries in the world have been optimistic about the electronic commerce the new continent, is generally believed that the development of electronic commerce will be the next 25 years, the worldeconomic development an important force, in the promotion of economy will be far more than 200 years before the industrial revolution.3. Market3.1 Sw ot AnalysisStrengths:1.low cost ,we don't need a true shop and we also have less staff2.Good service,consumers' satisfaction is our aim3.Our endeavor and confidenceOpportunities:1. The development of shopping online is very fast2. Students is such a big marketWeakness:1. loan required2. Lack Experience3. Website PromotionThreats:1.Potential future competition2.Higher costs in future3.2Target Market:1.Students from university who do not have a lot of money.(Main custom)2.White collars who like shopping online.3.Officials in government and company.4.Teachers in university3.3 Market Research3.3.1. Objective of the Research:As the number of Chinese netizens increases rapidly, shopping online has become a part of more and more people's daily life. In 2009, the ratio of online shopping transactions to total retail sales of social consumer goods increased to 1.6% and 1.9% respectively in 2009 from 1.3% in 2008. In addition to consumer’s increasingly preference to online shopping, financial crisis is also in favor of online shopping development. The purpose I did this research is to analysis the real reason why online shopping is gaining popularity in China. 3.3.2. Description of the Market:Online shopping is the process consumers go through to purchase products or services over the Internet. An online shop, e-shop, e-store, internet shop, webshop, webstore, online store, or virtual store evokes the physical analogy of buying products or services at a bricks-and-mortar retailer or in a shopping mall.Online shopping is a type of electronic commerce used for Customer-to-Customer(C2C) business-to-business (B2B) and business-to-consumer (B2C) transactions.A growing number of Chinese netizens are accustomed to online shopping due to its apparent price and convenience. Currently, around one in four netizens in China select online shopping, while it is two in three netizens in countries with high Internet penetration such as European countries, the United States and South Korea. Therefore, the potential of China’s online shopping market has not been fully liberated yet.3.3.3. Market Metrics:In China, t he three main China’s B2C market players are:1）TaobaoMall –A B2C Marketplace operated by , a local Internet company in which Yahoo bought 40% stake in Sept. 2005. also boasts the world’s largest B2B marketplace.2）360buy –one of the biggest B2C web of China3）Amazon –a new launched B2C marketplace operated by Amazon and Zhuoyue, which owns many famous mall all over the world.For example, recently, CNNIC made a B2C Shopping Market Survey, which involves Random Sampling Telephone Survey and Online Survey.The basic findings I acquired including:1) 3.3 million people have shopped Online (both B2C and C2C) in the 3 cities surveyed. Penetration rate is 25.5% of total online population.2) 2 million people in the 3 cities have shopped on a B2C marketplace. Nationally, B2C shoppers are estimated to exceed 10 million people.Market share of china electronic B2C WebDifferences of B2C consumer's age (18-30 and above 30)Tao bao Amazon 360buyWe can see that the young people is our main consumer, they arestudent ,White collars and offcials3.4 Competitors analysis1.Taobao :It is a Chinese online shopping website. It sells all kinds of products and it is the largest online shopping website in China .2.Amazon: Amazon started in 2004 as a electronic products and booke-retailer, and has become one of the biggest internet brand in China. They are focused on bringing quality books,electronic products and other lifestyle goods at reasonable prices to our customers.3.360buy: 360buy Jingdong Mall () is the biggest 3C online retailer of the B2C market in China; it is one of the most popular and powerful E-Business website in the China's E-Business field. (3C stands for Computer, Communication, and Consumer Electronic)The 360buy Jingdong Mall's service philosophy is "People-oriented", andpromises to provide kindly Omni-directional services for personal users and business users, Jingdong works hard on developing a friendly, happy and relaxed shopping environment for shoppers, and keeps adding more products, hopes to satisfy shoppers with different shopping demands. Compare to the other same kind of E-Business retailers, 360buy Jingdong Mall has a huge catalog of products, competitive prices, and consummate logistics and distribution systems and so on, Jingdong has built good reputation in theE-Business field and having large market share among the bests in china. 3.5 Promotional strategyWe provides several measures of discount,these are basic promotions.1.Every consumer will get a membership card, as if they have bought 200RMB goods. Then consumers can enjoy a 5% discount in the later consumption.2.Sometimes, some combinations of goods also provide a huge discount.3.We will organize some sales promotion during festivals3.6 Website publishing promotion1.Promote the site through search enginese our own website to promote our own website3. Use of other sites to promote their websitee our services and promotional activities to promote the sitee of traditional media to promote the site4. sale and pricing4.1 Product instructionOur main products are electronic products containing computer, tv, camera, mobilephone, watch and so on.In order to guarantee the quality of our products，many measures have been taken.Product Categories:1.WatchPocket WatchesSports & LED watchesHello Kitty WatchesKids' WatchesOther Watches2.Cell phoneAndroid Cell PhoneQuad Band Cell PhoneDual Cards PhoneQwerty Keyboard PhoneWiFi Cell PhoneTV Cell PhoneWatch Cell PhoneCartoon Cell Phone3.Tablet PCAndroid Tablet PCWindows Tablet PCA4.Other electronic productsMP3/MP4/MP5 Players and so on4.2 Pricing strategyThe aim of company is that lower unit price, better sale volume. Thus the profit is set about10% to15%. (Posting fee is not included), When we hold sales promotion may be set low even lower than the cost.4.3 Payment:Online shoppers commonly use credit card to make payments, however some systems enable users to create accounts and pay by alternative means, such as:•Debit card•Various types of electronic money•Cash on delivery (C.O.D., offered by very few online stores)•Cheque•Wire transfer/delivery on payment•Postal money order•Reverse SMS billing to mobile phones•Gift cards•Direct debit in some countries4.4 Customer Service1.Our Guarantee 1 year guarantee dateIf there is quality problem with your product,please return it to us ,and we will offer you free repair service. Customer should cover the return shipping fee, and is responsible for the shipping costs of arranging reshipment by air mail.Sometimes we may give you a solution according to the goods'value either issue you a partial refund or send a replacement.2. 45 days Money BackWe offer Money-Back-in-45-Day-Service for every buyer. If you don't get the goods/items within 45 days after you pay, you can open an dispute, we will issue full refund to you first without any excuses. However, we sincerely hope you can repay if you finally get the goods/items after 45 days.5.Technological5.1 technologiesRole management: implements a solution that separates the roles of customers groups, the managers groups and partners groups via the strict account management.Products categorizing: programs the product classification neatly and regulate the different categories dynamically for the different customer.Order management: on customer can take order easily and simply via a tool called ‘one to one ordering centre’.Online payment: provides a convenient payment system via the partnership with numerous banks.Web development: the professional technological supports ensure that can update content in time, protect the safety of customer information and so likes.5.2 website designName : Happy mallSubject: promote awareness of our web and provide serve of online shoppingLanguage: Chinese and EnglishWeb style: Dominated by warm,gives viewers comfortable feeling.Overall LayoutStructure of websitehomepageMemberregistrationProduct searchshopping cartsettlementhelpThe homepage of our website One specific goodsProducts search6.Staff6.1 position of staff CEO:DannyCFO :Harrison Website designer :Alex Procurement staff :Messi Promoting :Andrew Makeing :Peter Assistant :Owen Baseney7.Financial Information 1.Year of 20122.year of 20133.year of 20148.Summary will be successful. This business plan has documented that the establishment of is feasible. All of the critical factors such as industry trends, marketing analysis, business operations, competitive analysis, management expertise, and financial analysis support this conclusion. –Cheap,fast and happyThank you!。
(press control & click here)Business Plan for Startup BusinessThe business plan consists of a narrative and several financial spreadsheets. The narrative template is the body of the business plan. It contains over 150 questions divided into several sections. Work through the sections in any order you like, except for the Executive Summary which should be done last. Skip any questions that do not apply to your type of business. When you are through writing your first draft, you will have a collection of small essays on the various topics of the business plan. Then you will want to edit them into a smooth flowing narrative.The real value of doing a business plan is not having the finished product in hand; rather, the value lies in the process of research and thinking about your business in a systematic way. The act of planning helps you to think things through thoroughly, study and research when you are not sure of the facts, and look at your ideas critically. It takes time now, but avoids costly, perhaps disastrous, mistakes later.This business plan is a generic model suitable for all types of businesses. However, you should modify it to suit your particular circumstances. Before you begin, review the section entitled Refining the Plan, found at the end of the narrative. It suggests emphasizing certain areas depending upon your type of business (manufacturing, retail, service, etc.). It also has tips for fine tuning your plan to make an effective presentation to investors or bankers. If this is why you are writing your plan, then pay particular attention to your writing style. You will be judged by the quality and appearance of your work as well as your ideas. For your guidance, we have included adocument entitled Writing Guide. This is an example of an executive summary written in a clear and concise style suitable for this type of document.It typically takes several weeks to complete a good plan. Most of that time is spent in research and re-thinking your ideas and assumptions. But then, that is the value of the process. So make time to do the job properly. Those who do, never regret the effort. And finally, be sure to keep detailed notes on your sources of information and the assumptions underlying your financial data.Business PlanOWNERSBusiness name: Example Corporation Address: Address Line 1Address Line 2City, ST 22222Telephone: 222-333-4444Fax: 111-222-3333Email: xyz@I.Table of contentsI. Table of contents (4)II. Executive summary (5)III. General Company Description (6)IV. Products and services (7)V. Marketing plan (8)VI. Operational Plan (15)VII. Management and organization (18)VIII. Personal financial statement (19)IX. Startup Expenses and Capitalization (20)X. Financial plan (21)XI. Appendices (24)XII. Refining the Plan (25)II.Executive summaryWrite this section last!We suggest you make it 2 pages or less.Include everything that you would cover in a 5-minute interview.Explain the fundamentals of the proposed business: what will your product be, who will be your customers, who are the owners, what do you think the future holds for your business and your industry?Make it enthusiastic, professional, complete and concise.If applying for a loan, state clearly how much you want, precisely how you are going to use it, and how the money will make your business more profitable, thereby ensuring repayment.III.General Company DescriptionWhat business will you be in? What will you do?Mission Statement: Many companies have a brief mission statement, usually in thirty words or less, explaining their reason for being and their guiding principles. If you want to draft a mission statement, this is a good place to put it in the plan. Followed by:Company goals and objectives: Goals are destinations -- where you want your business to be. Objectives are progress markers along the way to goal achievement. For example, a goal might be to have a healthy, successful company that is a leader in customer service and has a loyal customer following. Objectives might be annual sales targets and some specific measures of customer satisfaction.Business philosophy: What is important to you in business?To whom will you market your products? Your target market? (State it briefly here - you will do a more thorough explanation in the Marketing section).Describe your industry. Is it a growth industry? What changes do you foresee in your industry, short term and long term? How will your company be poised to take advantage of them?Your most important company strengths and core competencies:What factors will make the company succeed?What do you think your major competitive strengths will be?What background experience, skills, and strengths do you personally bring to this new venture? Legal form of ownership: Sole Proprietor, Partnership, Corporation, Limited Liability Corporation (LLC)?Why have you selected this form?IV.Products and servicesDescribe in depth your products and/or services (technical specifications, drawings, photos, sales brochures, and other bulky items belong in the Appendix).What factors will give you competitive advantages or disadvantages? For example, level of quality or unique or proprietary features.What are the pricing, fee or leasing structures of your products and/or services?V.Marketing planNotes on preparation:Market research - Why?No matter how good your product and your service, the venture cannot succeed without effective marketing. And this begins with careful, systematic research. It is very dangerous to simply assume that you already know about your intended market. You need to do market research to make sure they are on track. Use the business planning process as your opportunity to uncover data and question your marketing efforts. Your time will be well spent.Market research - How?There are 2 kinds of market research: primary and secondary.Secondary research means using published information such as industry profiles, trade journals, newspapers, magazines, census data, and demographic profiles. This type of information is available in public libraries, industry associations, chambers of commerce, vendors who sell to your industry, government agencies (Commerce Dept. and state and local development agencies), and the SBA Business Information Centers and One Stop Capital Shops.Start with your local library. Most librarians are pleased to guide you through their business data collection. You will be amazed at what is there. There are more online sources than you could possibly use. A good way to start is at the SBA site, /; click the Outside Resources button for a great collection of resource links. Your Chamber of Commerce has good information on the local area. Trade associations and trade publications often have excellent industry specific data.Primary market research means gathering your own data. For example, you could do your own traffic count at a proposed location, use the yellow pages to identify competitors, and do surveys or focus group interviews to learn about consumer preferences. Professional market research can be very costly, but there are many books out that show small business owners how to do effective research by themselves.In your marketing plan, be as specific as possible; give statistics & numbers and sources. The marketing plan will be the basis, later on, of the all-important sales projection.The Marketing Plan:EconomicsFacts about your industry:What is the total size of your market?What percent share of the market will you have? (This is important only if you think you will be a major factor in the market.)Current demand in target marketTrends in target market - growth trends, trends in consumer preferences, and trends in product development.Growth potential and opportunity for a business of your sizeWhat barriers to entry do you face in entering this market with your new company? Some typical ones are:High capital costsHigh production costsHigh marketing costsConsumer acceptance/brand recognitionTraining/skillsUnique technology/patentsUnionsShipping costsTariff barriers/quotasAnd of course, how will you overcome the barriers?How could the following affect your company?Change in technologyGovernment regulationsChanging economyChange in your industryProductIn the Products/Services section, you described your products and services as YOU see them. Now describe them from your CUSTOMER'S point of view.Features and BenefitsList all your major products or services.For each product/service:Describe the most important features. That is, what will the product do for thecustomer? What is special about it?Now, for each produce/service, describe its benefits. That is, what will the product dofor the customer?Note the difference between features and benefits, and think about them. For example, a house gives shelter and lasts a long time, is made with certain materials and to a certain design; those are its features. Its benefits include pride of ownership, financial security, providing for the family, inclusion in a neighborhood. You build features into your product so you can sell the benefits. What after-sale services will be given?For example: delivery, warranty, service contracts, support, follow up, or refund policy.CustomersIdentify your targeted customers, their characteristics, and their geographic locations; i.e., demographics.The description will be completely different depending on whether you plan to sell to other businesses or directly to consumers. If you sell a consumer product, but sell it through a channel of distributors, wholesalers and retailers, then you must carefully analyze both the end consumer and the middlemen businesses to whom you sell.You may well have more than one customer group. Identify the most important groups. Then, for each consumer group, construct what is called a demographic profile:AgeGenderLocationIncome levelSocial class/occupationEducationOther (specific to your industry)Other (specific to your industry)For business customers, the demographic factors might be:Industry (or portion of an industry)LocationSize of firmQuality/technology/price preferencesOther (specific to your industry)Other (specific to your industry)CompetitionWhat products and companies will compete with you?List your major competitors:Names & addressesWill they compete with you in across the board, or just for certain products, certain customers, or in certain locations?Will you have important indirect competitors? (For example, video rental stores compete with theaters, though they are different types of business.)How will your products/services compare with the competition?Use the table called Competitive Analysis, below to compare your company with your three most important competitors. In the first column are key competitive factors. Since these vary from one industry to another, you may want to customize the list of factors.In the cell labeled "Me", state how you honestly think you will likely stack up in customers' minds. Then check whether you think this factor will be a strength of a weakness for you. Sometimes itis hard to analyze our own weaknesses. Try to be very honest here. Better yet, get some disinterested strangers to assess you. This can be a real eye-opener. And remember that you cannot be all things to all people. In fact, trying to be so, causes many business failures because it scatters and dilutes your efforts. You want an honest assessment of your firm's strong and weak points.Now analyze each major competitor. In a few words, state how you think they compare.In the final column, estimate the importance of each competitive factor to the customer. 1 = critical; 5 = not very important.Table 1: Competitive AnalysisHaving done the competitive matrix, write a short paragraph stating your competitive advantages and disadvantages.NicheNow that you have systematically analyzed your industry, your product, your customers and the competition, you should have a clear picture or where your company fits into the world.In one short paragraph, define your niche, your unique corner of the market.StrategyNow outline a marketing strategy that is consistent with your niche.PromotionHow will you get the word out to customers?Advertising: what media, why, and how often? Why this mix and not some other?Have you identified low cost methods to get the most out of your promotional budget?Will you use methods other than paid advertising, such as trade shows, catalogs, dealer incentives, word of mouth (how will you stimulate it?), network of friends or professionals?What image do you want to project? How do you want customers to see you?In addition to advertising, what plans do you have for graphic image support? This includes things like logo design, cards and letterhead, brochures, signage, and interior design (if customers come to your place of business).Should you have a system to identify repeat customers, and then systematically contact them? Promotional BudgetHow much will you spend on the items listed above?Before startup? (These numbers will go into your Startup budget.)Ongoing? (These numbers will go into your Operating Plan budget.)PricingExplain your method(s) of setting process. For most small businesses, having the lowest price is not a good policy. It robs you of needed profit margin; customers may not care as much about price as you think; and large competitors can under-price you anyway. Usually you will do better to have average prices and compete on quality and service.Does your pricing strategy fit with what was revealed in your competitive analysis?Compare your prices with those of the competition. Are they higher, lower, the same? Why?How important is price as a competitive factor? Do your intended customers really make their purchase decisions mostly on price?What will be your customer service and credit policies?Proposed LocationProbably you do not have a precise location picket out yet. This is the time to think about what you want and need in a location. Many startups run successfully from home for a while.You will describe your physical needs later, in the Operational section of your business plan. Here in the marketing section, analyze your location criteria as they will affect your customers.Is your location important to your customers? If yes, how so?If customers come to your place of business:Is it convenient? Parking? Interior spaces? Not out of the way?Is it consistent with your image?Is it what customers want and expect?Where is the competition located? Is it better for you to be near them (like car dealers or fast food restaurants) or distant (like convenience food stores)?Distribution ChannelsHow do you sell your products/services?RetailDirect (mail order, web, catalog)WholesaleYour own sales forceAgentsIndependent repsBid on contractsSales ForecastNow that you have described your products, services, customers, markets, and marketing plans in detail, it is time to attach some numbers to your plan. Use the Sales Forecast spreadsheet to prepare a month-by-month projection. The forecast should be based upon your historical sales, the marketing strategies that you have just described, upon your market research, and industry data, if available.You may wish to do two forecasts: 1) a "best guess", which is what you really expect, and 2) a "worst case" low estimate that you are confident you can reach no matter what happens.For this section, please refer to the Twelve-Month Sales Forecast Spreadsheet.Remember to keep notes on your research and your assumptions as you build this sales forecast, and all subsequent spreadsheets in the plan. This is critical if you are going to present it to funding sources.VI.Operational PlanExplain the daily operation of the business, its location, equipment, people, processes, and surrounding environment.ProductionHow and where are your products/services produced?Explain your methods of:Production techniques & costsQuality controlCustomer serviceInventory controlProduct developmentLocationWhat qualities do you need in a location? Describe the type of location you will have. Physical requirements:Space; how much?Type of buildingZoningPower and other utilitiesAccess:Is it important that your location be convenient to transportation or to suppliers?Do you need easy walk-in access?What are your requirements for parking, and proximity to freeway, airports, railroads, shipping centers?Include a drawing or layout of your proposed facility if it is important, as it might be for a manufacturer.Construction? Most new companies should not sink capital into construction, but if you are planning to build, then costs and specifications will be a big part of your plan.Cost: Estimate your occupation expenses, including rent, but also including: maintenance, utilities, insurance, and initial remodeling costs to make it suit your needs. These numbers will become part of your financial plan.What will be your business hours?Legal EnvironmentDescribe the followingLicensing and bonding requirementsPermitsHealth, workplace or environmental regulationsSpecial regulations covering your industry or professionZoning or building code requirementsInsurance coverageTrademarks, copyrights, or patents (pending, existing, or purchased)PersonnelNumber of employeesType of labor (skilled, unskilled, professional)Where and how will you find the right employees?Quality of existing staffPay structureTraining methods and requirementsWho does which tasks?Do you have schedules and written procedures prepared?Have you drafted job descriptions for employees? If not, take time to write some. They really help internal communications with employees.For certain functions, will you use contract workers in addition to employees?InventoryWhat kind of inventory will be kept: raw materials, supplies, finished goods?Average value in stock (i.e., what is your inventory investment)?Rate of turnover and how this compares to industry averages?Seasonal buildups?Lead-time for ordering?SuppliersIdentify key suppliers.Names & addressesType & amount of inventory furnishedCredit & delivery policiesHistory & reliabilityShould you have more than one supplier for critical items (as a backup)?Do you expect shortages or short term delivery problems?Are supply costs steady or fluctuating? If fluctuating, how would you deal with changing costs?Credit PoliciesDo you plan to sell on credit?Do you really need to sell on credit? Is it customary in your industry and expected by your clientele?If yes, what policies will you have about who gets credit and how much?How will you check the creditworthiness of new applicants?What terms will you offer your customers; i.e., how much credit and when is payment due?Will you offer prompt payment discounts (hint: do this only if it is usual and customary in your industry).Do you know what it will cost you to extend credit? Have you built the costs into your prices? Managing your Accounts ReceivableIf you do extend credit, you should do an aging at least monthly, to track how much of your money is tied up in credit given to customers, and to alert you to slow payment problems. A receivables aging looks like this:You will need a policy for dealing with slow paying customers.When do you make a phone call?When send a letter?When get your attorney to threaten?Managing your Accounts PayableYou should also age your Accounts Payable, what you owe to your suppliers. This helps you plan who to pay and when. Paying too early depletes your cash, but paying late can cost you valuable discounts and damage your credit. (Hint: if you know you will be late making a payment, call the creditor before the due date. It tends to relax them.)Are prompt payment discounts offered by your proposed vendors?A payables aging looks like this:VII.Management and organizationWho will manage the business on a day to day basis? What experience does that person bring to the business? What special or distinctive competencies? Is there a plan for continuation of the business if this person lost or incapacitated?If you will have more than about ten employees, create an organizational chart showing the management hierarchy and who is responsible for key functions.Include position descriptions for key employees. If you are seeking loans or investors, then also include resumes of owners and key employees.Professional and Advisory SupportList board of directors and management advisory board.AttorneyAccountantInsurance agentBankerConsultant(s)Mentors and key advisors in addition to the aboveVIII.Personal financial statementInclude personal financial statements for each owner and major stockholder, showing assets and liabilities held outside the business and personal net worth. Owners will often have to draw on personal assets to finance the business, and these statements will show what is available. Bankers and investors usually want this information as well.Please refer to the Personal Financial Statement Spreadsheet.IX.Startup Expenses and CapitalizationYou will have many expenses before you even begin operating your business. It is important to estimate these expenses accurately, and then to plan where you will get sufficient capital. This is a research project, and the more thorough your research, the less chance you will leave out important expenses or underestimate them.Even with the best of research, however, opening a new business has a way of costing more than you anticipate. There are two ways to make allowances for surprise expenses. The first is to add a little “padding” to each item in the budget. The problem with that approach, however, is that it destroys the accuracy of your carefully wrought plan. The second approach is to add a separate line item, which we call contingencies, to account for the unforeseeable. This is the approach we recommend, and you will see a “Contingencies” line in our spreadsheet.Talk to others who have started similar businesses to get a good idea of how much to allow for contingencies. If you cannot get good information, we recommend a rule of thumb that contingencies should equal at least 20% of the total of all other startup expenses.For this section, please refer to the Startup Expenses Spreadsheet.Explain your research and how you arrived at your forecasts of expenses. Give sources, amounts, and terms of proposed loans. Also explain in detail how much will be contributed by each investor and what percent ownership each will have.X.Financial planThe financial plan consists of a 12-month profit and loss projection, a four-year profit and loss projection (optional), a cash flow projection, a projected balance sheet, and a breakeven calculation. Together they constitute a reasonable estimate of your company's financial future. More importantly, however, the process of thinking through the financial plan will improve your insight into the inner financial workings of your company.Twelve Month Profit and Loss ProjectionMany business owners think of this as the centerpiece of their plan. This is where you put it all together in numbers and get an idea of what it will take to make a profit and be successful.Forecast sales, cost of goods sold, expenses, and profit month by month for one year. Your sales projections will come from the Twelve-Month Sales Forecast you did in the Marketing Plan section.Please refer to the Twelve-Month Profit and Loss Spreadsheet.Profit projections should be accompanied by a narrative explaining the major assumptions used to estimate company income & expenses.Research Notes: In addition, keep careful notes on your research and assumptions, so you can explain them later if necessary, and also so you can go back to your sources when it is time to revise your plan later on.Four Year Profit Protection (optional)Please refer to the Four-Year Profit Projection spreadsheet.The 12-month projection is the heart of your financial plan. However, we provide this work sheet for those who want to carry their forecasts beyond the first year. It is expected of those seeking venture capital. Bankers pay more attention to the 12 month projection.Of course, keep notes of your key assumptions, especially about things you expect to change dramatically after the first year.Projected Cash flowPlease refer to the Twelve-Month Cash Flow Spreadsheet.If the profit projection is the heart of your business plan, then cash flow is the blood. Businesses fail because at some point they cannot pay their bills. Every part of your business plan is important, but none of it means a thing if you run out of cash.The point of this worksheet is to plan how much you need before startup, for preliminary expenses, operating expenses, and reserves. You should keep updating it and using it afterwards as well. It will enable you to foresee shortages in time to do something about them; perhaps to cut expenses, or perhaps to negotiate a loan. But at least not to be taken by surprise.There is no great trick to preparing it: the cash flow projection is just a forward look at your checking account.Use the 12-month Profit and Loss statement for a starting point. For each item, determine when you actually expect to receive cash (for sales) or when you will actually have to write a check (for expense items)The bottom section, “Essential Operating Data”, is not part of cash flow but allows you to track items which have a heavy impact upon cash flow, such as sales and inventory purchases.The "Pre Startup" column is for cash outlays prior to opening. You have already researched those for your Startup Expenses plan.Your cash flow will show you whether your working capital is adequate. Clearly, if your projected cash balance ever goes negative, you will need more startup capital. This plan will also predict just when and how much you will need to borrow. New loans go on the line called “Loan / other inj.”.Explain your major assumptions; especially, those which make the cash flow differ from the Profit and Loss Projection. For example: If you make a sale in month one, when do you actually collect the cash? When you buy inventory or materials do you pay in advance, upon delivery, or much later?How will this affect cash flow?Are some expenses payable in advance? When?Are there irregular expenses such as quarterly tax payments, maintenance and repairs, or seasonal inventory buildup which should be budgeted?Loan payments, equipment purchases, and owner's draws usually do not show on profit and loss statements, but definitely do take cash out. Be sure to include them.And of course, depreciation does not appear in the cash flow at all because you never write a check for it.Opening Day Balance SheetA balance sheet is one of the fundamental financial reports which any business needs for reporting and financial management. A balance sheet shows what items of value are held by the company (Assets), and what its debts are (Liabilities). When liabilities are subtracted from assets, the remainder is Owners’ Equity.。
