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英语六级作文碳排放Carbon Emissions: A Looming Shadow on Our Future The issue of carbon emissions has transitioned from a whispered concern in scientific circles to a deafening roar across the globe. It's no longer a matter of 'if' but 'when' wewill face the music of our carbon-intensive ways. The evidence is irrefutable: rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and melting glaciers all point to a planet on the brink. We've been living on borrowed time, and the bill is coming due. (living on borrowed time - enjoying a period of success that is not likely to last) The crux of the problem lies in our insatiable appetite for fossil fuels. Coal, oil, and gas, the triumvirate powering our modern lives, are also theprimary culprits behind the escalating carbon dioxide levels in our atmosphere. This invisible gas acts like a blanket, trapping heat and causing the planet to warm at an alarming rate. The consequences are far-reaching, impacting not justthe environment but also our economies, societies, and ultimately, our very existence. (the crux of the problem - the most important part of a problem) The responsibility to curb carbon emissions falls on everyone's shoulders. Governments need to enact stricter environmental regulations and incentivize the transition to cleaner energy sources. Businesses must embrace sustainable practices, investingin green technologies and reducing their carbon footprint. Individuals, too, havea critical role to play. By making conscious choices in our daily lives – fromthe cars we drive to the food we eat – we can collectively make a difference.It's time to break free from the shackles of convenience and embrace a more sustainable way of life. (break free from the shackles of - to escape from something that restricts you) The transition to a low-carbon future won't be easy. It requires a fundamental shift in our thinking, our habits, and our priorities.It's about moving beyond short-term gains and embracing a long-term vision for a healthier planet. It's about understanding that the cost of inaction far outweighs the cost of action. (the cost of inaction - the negative results of not doing something) But amidst the challenges, there's a glimmer of hope. Innovative technologies like renewable energy, carbon capture and storage, and electric vehicles offer promising solutions. A growing global movement is demanding action on climate change, with people from all walks of life joining the fight for asustainable future. (from all walks of life - from every kind of social or economic position) The time for complacency is over. We stand at a crossroads, facing a choice that will determine the fate of generations to come. Let us choose wisely, let us choose action, and let us leave behind a legacy of a healthy planet, not a barren wasteland. Let's turn the tide on carbon emissions and write a new chapter in our planet's history, one where sustainability and harmony with nature prevail. (turn the tide - to cause a situation to change in the opposite direction)。
中考英语气候变化的全球合作单选题40题1.Climate change leads to rising sea levels and more frequent extreme weather events. The word “extreme” in this sentence means _____.dB.severeC.normalD.rare答案：B。
“extreme”在这个句子中的意思是“极端的、严重的”，选项A“mild”是“温和的”，选项C“normal”是“正常的”，选项D“rare”是“罕见的”，结合语境可知这里表示“更频繁的极端天气事件”，所以选B。
2.We need to take actions to reduce carbon emissions. “carbon emissions” means _____.A.碳排放B.碳吸收C.碳循环D.碳储存答案：A。
“carbon emissions”的意思是“碳排放”，选项B“碳吸收”是“carbon absorption”，选项C“碳循环”是“carbon cycle”，选项D“碳储存”是“carbon storage”。
3.The melting of glaciers is a sign of climate change. The word “melting” means _____.A.freezingB.thawingC.solidifyingD.condensing答案：B。
“melting”在这个句子中的意思是“融化”，选项A“freezing”是“冻结”，选项C“solidifying”是“凝固”，选项D“condensing”是“凝结”。
4.Climate change has a great impact on biodiversity. “biodiversity” means _____.A.生物多样性B.生物进化C.生物数量D.生物栖息地答案：A。
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(14)Climate change and coral reefs气候变化与珊瑚礁主题语境：人与自然主题语境内容：自然生态【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。
）Human beings have been altering habitats—sometimes deliberately andsometimes accidentall y—at least since the end of the last Ice Age. Now, though, that change is happening on a grand scale. Global warming is a growing factor. Fortunately, the human wisdom that is destroying nature can also be brought to bear on trying to save it.Some interventions to save ecosystems are hard to imagine andsucceed. Consider a project to reintroducesomething similar to a mammoth(猛犸象)to Siberiaby gene-editing Asian elephants. Their feeding habits could restore the grassland habitat that was around before mammoths died out, increasing the sunlight reflected into space and helping keep carbon compounds(碳化合物)trapped in the soil. But other projects have a bigger chance of making an impact quickly. As we report, one example involves coral reefs.These are the rainforests of the ocean. They exist on vast scales: half a trillion corals line the Pacific from Indonesia to French Polynesia, roughly the same as the number of trees that fill the Amazon. They are equally important harbor of biodiversity. Rainforests cover18% of the land’s surface and offer a home to more than half its vertebrate(脊椎动物的)species. Reefs occupy0.1% of the oceans and host a quarter of marine(海洋的)species.And corals are useful to people, too. Without the protection which reefs afford from crashing waves, low-lying islands such as the Maldives would have flooded long ago, and a billion people would lose food or income. One team of economists has estimated that coral’s global ecosystem services are worth up to $10trn a year. reefs are, however, under threat from rising sea temperatures. Heat causesthe algae（海藻） with which corals co-exist, and on which they depend for food and colour, to generate toxins（毒素）that lead to those algae’s expulsion（排出）. This is known as “bleaching（白化）”, and can cause a coral’s death. As temperatures continue to rise, research groups around the world are coming up with plansof action. Their ideas include identifying naturally heat-resistant（耐热的）corals and moving themaround the world; crossbreeding（杂交）such corals to create strains that are yet-more heat-resistant; employing genetic editing to add heat resistance artificially; transplantingheat-resistant symbiotic（共生的）algae; and even repairing with the bacteria and other micro-organismswith which corals co-exist—to see if that will help.The assisted evolution of corals does not meet with universal enthusiasm. Without carbon reduction and decline in coral-killing pollution, even resistant corals will not survive the century. Some doubt whetherhumans will get its act together in time to make much difference. Few of these techniques are ready for action in the wild. Some, such as gene editing, are so controversial that it is doubtful they will be approved any time soon. scale is also an issue.But there are grounds for optimism. Carbon targets are being set and ocean pollution is being dealt with. Countries that share responsibilities for reefs are starting to act together. Scientific methods can also be found. Natural currents can be used to facilitate mass breeding. Sites of the greatest ecological and economical importance can be identified to maximise benefits.This mix of natural activity and human intervention could serve as a blueprint （蓝图）for other ecosystems. Those who think that all habitats should be kept original may not approve. But when entire ecosystems are facing destruction, the cost of doing nothing is too great to bear. For coral reefs, at least, if any are to survive at all, it will be those that humans have re-engineered to handle the future.【课标词汇精讲】1.alter （通常指轻微地）改动，修改；改变，（使）变化We've had to alter some of our plans.我们不得不对一些计划作出改动。
双碳英语作文带翻译双碳英语作文是一种体现环保理念的写作方式，常常以环保、低碳生活为主题。
下面是一篇关于低碳生活的英语作文，带有中文翻译。
Title: Embracing a Low-Carbon Lifestyle 迈向低碳生活。
In the wake of increasing environmental concerns, the significance of adopting a low-carbon lifestyle cannot be overstated. As individuals, we hold the power to make impactful changes in our daily habits to mitigate climate change and preserve our planet for future generations. In this essay, we will explore the importance of embracing a low-carbon lifestyle and discuss practical ways to achieve it.随着环境问题日益凸显，采用低碳生活方式的重要性不言而喻。
作为个体，我们有能力在日常生活习惯中做出重大改变，以减缓气候变化，保护地球为子孙后代所用。
本文将探讨拥抱低碳生活方式的重要性，并讨论实现低碳生活的实用方法。
First and foremost, reducing our carbon footprint is crucial in combating climate change. Our carbon footprint refers to the total amount of greenhouse gases emitted directly or indirectly by human activities. By minimizing our consumption of fossil fuels, electricity, and water, we can significantly decrease our carbon footprint. This can be achieved by using energy-efficient appliances, carpooling or using public transportation, and conserving water through simple measures such as fixing leaks and taking shorter showers.首先，减少碳足迹对抗气候变化至关重要。
复合材料与工程专业专业英语复合材料原理中文英文复合材料composite material基体matrix增强体reinforcement纤维fiber颗粒particle晶须whisker纳米管nanotube石墨烯graphene复合效应composite effect复合理论composite theory增强机制reinforcement mechanism界面interface界面层interphase界面粘结强度interfacial bond strength界面物理化学interfacial physical chemistry聚合物基复合材料polymer matrix composite (PMC)金属基复合材料metal matrix composite (MMC)陶瓷基复合材料ceramic matrix composite (CMC)碳-碳复合材料carbon-carbon composite (C-C)遗态复合材料biomimetic composite分级结构复合材料hierarchical composite剪切增稠柔性复合材料shear thickening fluid composite (STFC)连续缠绕工艺filament winding process拉挤工艺pultrusion process注射成型工艺injection molding process压缩成型工艺compression molding process热压工艺hot pressing process热等静压工艺hot isostatic pressing process (HIP)化学气相沉积法chemical vapor deposition (CVD)物理气相沉积法physical vapor deposition (PVD)液相浸渗法liquid phase infiltration (LPI)气相浸渗法gas phase infiltration (GPI)反应浸渗法reaction infiltration (RI)自蔓延高温合成法self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS)电泳沉积法electrophoretic deposition (EPD)溶胶-凝胶法sol-gel method复合材料工艺中文英文复合材料工艺学composite material processing science复合材料加工技术composite material processing technology复合材料成型方法composite material forming method复合材料固化方法composite material curing method复合材料后处理方法composite material post-processing method复合材料接头技术composite material joint technology复合材料修复技术composite material repair technology复合材料表面处理技术composite material surface treatment technology复合材料工艺参数composite material process parameters复合材料工艺性能composite material process performance复合材料工艺缺陷composite material process defects复合材料工艺模拟composite material process simulation复合材料工艺优化composite material process optimization手糊法hand lay-up method喷射成型法spray-up method真空吸附法vacuum bagging method自动糊层机法automatic tape laying method (ATL)自动纤维放置法automated fiber placement method (AFP)树脂传输成型法resin transfer molding method (RTM)树脂膜层叠加成型法resin film infusion method (RFI)真空辅助树脂传输成型法vacuum assisted resin transfer molding method (VARTM)真空辅助树脂注射成型法vacuum assisted resin injection molding method (VARI)树脂浸渍拉挤成型法resin impregnation pultrusion method树脂浸渍缠绕成型法resin impregnation winding method树脂浸渍编织成型法resin impregnation weaving method预浸料成型法prepreg molding method预浸料自动糊层机法prepreg automatic tape laying method预浸料自动纤维放置法prepreg automated fiber placement method预浸料真空吸附法prepreg vacuum bagging method预浸料热压成型法prepreg hot pressing method预浸料热等静压成型法prepreg hot isostatic pressing method预浸料自动模具线成型法prepreg automatic mold line method (AML)模塑复合材料成型法molded compound molding method压缩模塑复合材料成型法compression molded compound molding method注射模塑复合材料成型法injection molded compound molding method转移模塑复合材料成型法transfer molded compound molding method挤出模塑复合材料成型法extrusion molded compound molding method热解复合材料制备方法pyrolysis composite preparation method复合材料结构设计中文英文复合材料结构设计composite material structural design复合材料结构分析composite material structural analysis复合材料结构优化composite material structural optimization复合材料结构可靠性composite material structural reliability复合材料结构失效模式composite material structural failure mode复合材料结构失效准则composite material structural failure criterion复合材料结构强度composite material structural strength复合材料结构刚度composite material structural stiffness复合材料结构稳定性composite material structural stability复合材料结构疲劳性能composite material structural fatigue performance 复合材料结构断裂韧性composite material structural fracture toughness 复合材料结构损伤容限composite material structural damage tolerance复合材料层合板composite material laminate复合材料夹层板composite material sandwich panel复合材料桁架composite material truss复合材料梁composite material beam复合材料板壳composite material plate-shell复合材料管壳composite material tube-shell复合材料网格壳composite material grid-shell复合材料蜂窝板composite material honeycomb panel纤维方向角fiber orientation angle层厚比thickness ratio层间剪切模量interlaminar shear modulus层间剪切强度interlaminar shear strength层间正应力强度因子interlaminar normal stress intensity factor层间剪应力强度因子interlaminar shear stress intensity factor层间断裂韧度interlaminar fracture toughness层间脱层interlaminar delamination层间裂纹扩展速率interlaminar crack propagation rate层间裂纹扩展阻力曲线interlaminar crack resistance curve (R-curve)层内应力分布intralaminar stress distribution层内应变分布intralaminar strain distribution层内失效模式intralaminar failure mode层内失效准则intralaminar failure criterion复合材料力学中文英文复合材料力学composite material mechanics复合材料弹性理论composite material elasticity theory复合材料弹塑性理论composite material elasto-plasticity theory复合材料粘弹性理论composite material viscoelasticity theory复合材料热弹性理论composite material thermoelasticity theory复合材料非线性力学composite material nonlinear mechanics复合材料动力学composite material dynamics复合材料疲劳力学composite material fatigue mechanics复合材料断裂力学composite material fracture mechanics复合材料损伤力学composite material damage mechanics复合材料微观力学composite material micromechanics复合材料宏观力学composite material macromechanics复合材料多尺度力学composite material multiscale mechanics复合材料本构关系composite material constitutive relation复合材料本构方程composite material constitutive equation复合材料本构模型composite material constitutive model复合材料本构参数composite material constitutive parameter复合材料本构参数识别方法composite material constitutive parameter identification method纤维增强复合材料单元细胞模型fiber reinforced composite unit cell model纤维增强复合材料等效模量计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method纤维增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 纤维增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method 纤维增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法fiber reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料单元细胞模型particle reinforced composite unit cell model颗粒增强复合材料等效模量计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method颗粒增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method 颗粒增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法particle reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 晶须增强复合材料单元细胞模型whisker reinforced composite unit cell model晶须增强复合材料等效模量计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent modulus calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效泊松比计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent poisson ratio calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效热膨胀系数计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent thermal expansion coefficient calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效热导率计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent thermal conductivity calculation method 晶须增强复合材料等效电导率计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent electrical conductivity calculation method晶须增强复合材料等效介电常数计算方法whisker reinforced composite equivalent dielectric constant calculation method 纳米复合材料中文英文纳米复合材料nanocomposite material纳米粒子nanoparticle纳米纤维nanofiber纳米管nanotube纳米线nanowire纳米带nanoribbon纳米棒nanorod纳米片nanosheet纳米球nanosphere纳米星nanostar纳米花nanoflower纳米棘轮nanoratchet纳米泡沫nanofoam纳米多孔材料nanoporous material纳米气凝胶nanoaerogel纳米海绵nanosponge纳米网格nanogrid纳米蜂窝结构nanohoneycomb structure纳米层状结构nanolayered structure纳米纤维素复合材料nanocellulose composite material石墨烯复合材料graphene composite material二维纳米材料复合材料two-dimensional nanomaterial composite material量子点复合材料quantum dot composite material全息纳米复合材料holographic nanocomposite material超分子纳米复合材料supramolecular nanocomposite material生物医用复合材料中文英文生物医用复合材料biomedical composite material生物相容性biocompatibility生物降解性biodegradability生物吸收性bioabsorbability生物活性bioactivity生物力学性能biomechanical performance生物功能化biofunctionalization药物缓释drug delivery组织工程tissue engineering骨组织工程bone tissue engineering软骨组织工程cartilage tissue engineering皮肤组织工程skin tissue engineering神经组织工程nerve tissue engineering血管组织工程vascular tissue engineering心脏组织工程cardiac tissue engineering肝脏组织工程liver tissue engineering肾脏组织工程kidney tissue engineering胰腺组织工程pancreas tissue engineering肺组织工程lung tissue engineering骨水泥复合材料bone cement composite material骨替代材料复合材料bone substitute material composite material 骨修复板复合材料bone fixation plate composite material骨钉复合材料bone screw composite material骨髓钉复合材料bone nail composite material骨髓钉复合材料bone nail composite material人工关节复合材料artificial joint composite material人工韧带复合材料artificial ligament composite material人工心脏瓣膜复合材料artificial heart valve composite material人工血管复合材料artificial blood vessel composite material 人工角膜复合材料artificial cornea composite material人工耳蜗复合材料artificial cochlea composite material人工牙齿复合材料artificial tooth composite material人工皮肤复合材料artificial skin composite material人工肝脏复合材料artificial liver composite material复合材料测试与评价中文英文复合材料测试与评价composite material testing and evaluation复合材料测试方法composite material testing method复合材料测试标准composite material testing standard复合材料测试仪器composite material testing instrument复合材料测试数据composite material testing data复合材料测试结果composite material testing result复合材料测试分析composite material testing analysis复合材料评价方法composite material evaluation method复合材料评价指标composite material evaluation index复合材料评价模型composite material evaluation model复合材料评价系统composite material evaluation system复合材料评价报告composite material evaluation report静态力学性能测试static mechanical performance test动态力学性能测试dynamic mechanical performance test疲劳性能测试fatigue performance test断裂性能测试fracture performance test热性能测试thermal performance test电性能测试electrical performance test光学性能测试optical performance test磁学性能测试magnetic performance test磁学性能测试magnetic performance test损伤性能测试damage performance test环境适应性能测试environmental adaptability performance test 耐腐蚀性能测试corrosion resistance performance test耐磨性能测试wear resistance performance test耐老化性能测试aging resistance performance test耐辐射性能测试radiation resistance performance test耐火性能测试fire resistance performance test耐水性能测试water resistance performance test耐化学品性能测试chemical resistance performance test。
碳陶复合材料英文专著Carbon Ceramic Composite Materials: An English MonographAbstract:Carbon ceramic composite materials have attracted significant attention in various industries due to their unique properties and potential applications. This monograph provides a comprehensive overview of carbon ceramic composite materials in terms of their structure, properties, synthesis methods, and applications. The aim is to provide readers with insights into the advancements and future prospects of these materials.1. IntroductionCarbon ceramic composite materials, also known as carbon-carbon composites or C/C composites, are a class of materials that combine carbon fibers with a ceramic matrix. These composites exhibit exceptional mechanical, thermal, and chemical properties, making them suitable for a wide range of applications. This chapter introduces the background and significance of carbon ceramic composites, outlining their unique properties and potential applications.2. Structure of Carbon Ceramic CompositesThis chapter discusses the structure of carbon ceramic composites, focusing on the arrangement and orientation of carbon fibers within the ceramic matrix. The microstructure and macrostructure of these composites are explored, highlighting the role of fiber architecture in determining their mechanical properties and performance.3. Properties of Carbon Ceramic CompositesIn this section, the mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of carbon ceramic composites are discussed in detail. The exceptional strength, stiffness, and wear resistance of these materials, along with their high thermal stability and low thermal expansion, make them ideal for applications in aerospace, automotive, and energy industries. The electrical conductivity and electromagnetic shielding properties of carbon ceramic composites are also addressed.4. Synthesis Methods of Carbon Ceramic CompositesVarious synthesis methods for carbon ceramic composites are presented, including chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), liquid silicon infiltration (LSI), and pyrolysis. Each method is described, highlighting the advantages, limitations, and challenges associated with their implementation. The effect of processing parameters on the microstructure and properties of carbon ceramic composites is also discussed.5. Applications of Carbon Ceramic CompositesThis chapter reviews the applications of carbon ceramic composites in different industries. Aerospace applications, such as aircraft brakes and thermal protection systems, are discussed, along with automotive applications in brake discs and engine components. The use of carbon ceramic composites in the energy sector, including nuclear fusion reactors and fuel cells, is also explored. Furthermore, potential future applications and emerging trends in the field are presented.6. Challenges and Future PerspectivesThe final chapter addresses the challenges and future perspectives of carbon ceramic composites. The limitations of current synthesis methods, such as high costs and complex processing requirements, are identified. The need for further research in areas such as interfacial bonding improvement, scalability, and recycling strategies is emphasized. Lastly, the future prospects of carbon ceramic composites in terms of advanced applications and market growth are discussed.Conclusion:Carbon ceramic composite materials exhibit exceptional properties and have diverse applications in various industries. This monograph provides a comprehensive overview of these materials, including their structure, properties, synthesis methods, and applications. Through understanding the advancements and challenges, it is evident that carbon ceramic composites have great potential for future development and innovation in materials science and engineering.Acknowledgements:The author would like to acknowledge the contributions of researchers and scientists in the field of carbon ceramic composites. Their valuable work and insights have greatly enriched the content of this monograph.。
碳碳复合材料制备工艺流程碳碳复合材料制备工艺流程通常包括原料准备、预制件制备、碳化和热处理等步骤。
The process of preparing carbon-carbon composites usually includes raw material preparation, preform preparation, carbonization, and heat treatment.首先，将碳素纤维和碳素基体材料作为原料进行准备。
First, prepare carbon fiber and carbon matrix material as raw materials.然后，通过浸渍、层积或编织等方法，制备碳素纤维预制件。
Then, prepare carbon fiber preforms by impregnating, stacking, or weaving.接下来，进行碳化处理，将预制件在高温下进行碳化，以提高材料的碳化度和热稳定性。
Next, carbonize the preform at high temperatures to increase the carbonization degree and thermal stability of the material.最后，进行热处理，以进一步提高材料的密实度和力学性能。
Finally, carry out heat treatment to further improve the density and mechanical properties of the material.在制备过程中，需要控制温度、时间和气氛等参数，以保证材料的质量和性能。
During the preparation process, it is necessary to control parameters such as temperature, time, and atmosphere to ensure the quality and performance of the material.此外，还需要对制备过程中的废气和废水进行处理，以符合环保要求。
热点时文19 实现碳达峰碳中和减少气候变暖备战2023年中考英语热点时文书面表达专项训练【热点材料】双碳，即碳达峰与碳中和的简称。
中国力争2030年前实现碳达峰，2060年前实现碳中和。
2022年8月，科技部、国家发展改革委、工业和信息化部等9部门印发《科技支撑碳达峰碳中和实施方案（2022—2030年）》（以下简称《实施方案》），统筹提出支撑2030年前实现碳达峰目标的科技创新行动和保障举措，并为2060年前实现碳中和目标做好技术研发储备。
“双碳”战略倡导绿色、环保、低碳的生活方式。
加快降低碳排放步伐，有利于引导绿色技术创新，提高产业和经济的全球竞争力。
中国持续推进产业结构和能源结构调整，大力发展可再生能源，在沙漠、戈壁、荒漠地区加快规划建设大型风电光伏基地项目，努力兼顾经济发展和绿色转型同步进行。
2022年9月2日，在中国国际服务贸易交易会（简称“服贸会”）上，“首届中国生态环保产业服务双碳战略院士论坛”召开。
与会院士围绕废弃物资源化助推碳达峰碳中和、我国水和大气污染防治科技发展成果及双碳背景下的发展展望、“双碳”目标下生态环境监测科技发展机遇与挑战，以及生态环保产业的机遇与挑战等主题做专题报告。
【典型范文】现在全世界都在倡导“低碳生活”（low-carbon life），即：降低二氧化碳的排放，采取低能量、低消耗的生活，低碳生活对我们大家都有好处，碳中和是我们努力的目标，低碳生活是我们应该追求的绿色生活方式，请以“How to Live a Low-carbon Life”为题写一篇英语文章，谈谈低碳生活的重要性以及你所倡导的低碳生活方式等。
要求：1.语言流畅、书写规范、卷面整洁，词数不少于60个；2.文中不得使用真实姓名、校名，否则以零分计；3.请将短文写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________________【范文】How to Live a Low-carbon LifeIt is important to live a low-carbon life for people around the world. As the emission of carbon dioxide is reduced and a low-consumption lifestyle is adopted, we can not only protect the environment, but also benefit a lot and get healthy. Therefore, people are willing to live a low-carbon life.First, we should walk or take public transportation to work or to school to reduce the air pollution. Second, we should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags when we shopping. Third, we should plant more trees and recycle waste paper.In a word, it is important for us to live a low-carbon life. If everyone does something for the environment, I believe the earth will become a better home.【详解】1. 题干解读：该题是话题作文，要求以“How to Live a Low-carbon Life”为题，谈低碳生活的重要性以及你所倡导的低碳生活方式等，写作内容须紧扣题目，适当添加内容。
低碳环保作文800字高中英语Low-carbon and Environmental Protection。
In recent years, the issue of environmental protection has become increasingly prominent. As a responsible citizen, it is our duty to take actions to reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment. In this essay, I would like to discuss the importance of low-carbon living and propose some practical measures to achieve it.Firstly, low-carbon living is crucial for the sustainable development of our planet. With the rapid industrialization and urbanization, carbon emissions have reached an alarming level. The excessive release of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, is causing global warming and climate change. It is high time that we realize the urgency of reducing carbon emissions and adopting a low-carbon lifestyle.To achieve low-carbon living, we can start by conserving energy. Energy consumption is one of the major contributors to carbon emissions. We should make a conscious effort to turn off lights and electrical appliances when they are not in use, and replace traditional incandescent bulbs with energy-efficient LED lights. Furthermore, we should choose energy-saving appliances and use them efficiently. For example, we can set our air conditioners to a moderate temperature and avoid unnecessary use of heating or cooling devices.In addition to conserving energy, we should also promote green transportation. The transportation sector is a significant source of carbon emissions. Instead of relying heavily on private cars, we can choose to walk, cycle, or take public transportation whenever possible. Carpooling and ride-sharing are also effective ways to reduce carbon emissions. By adopting these measures, we not only reduce carbon emissions but also improve air quality and alleviate traffic congestion.Furthermore, we should pay attention to our daily consumption habits. The production and transportation of goods consume a large amount of energy and generate substantial carbon emissions. To reduce our carbon footprint, we should opt for productswith low carbon emissions and support eco-friendly companies. We can also reduce waste by practicing the 3Rs: reduce, reuse, and recycle. By reducing our consumption of single-use items and reusing or recycling materials, we can significantly reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment.Apart from individual actions, government policies and international cooperation are essential in achieving low-carbon living. Governments should implement stricter regulations on carbon emissions and promote the development of renewable energy sources. International cooperation is also crucial in addressing climate change. Countries should work together to reduce carbon emissions and support developing nations in their efforts to adopt low-carbon technologies.In conclusion, low-carbon living is of great importance for the sustainable development of our planet. By conserving energy, promoting green transportation, and adopting eco-friendly consumption habits, we can reduce carbon emissions and protect the environment. It is our collective responsibility to take actions and work towards a low-carbon future. Let us strive for a greener and more sustainable world.。
高考英语热点素材：政府工作报告里提到的“碳达峰”“碳中和”如何翻译？等4则政府工作报告里提到的“碳达峰”“碳中和”如何翻译？在环境保护意识越来越强的今天，小伙伴们时常会遇到环保相关议题的翻译，比如碳排放、碳达峰、碳中和等等。
今天Yee君就和大家分享一下常在时政新闻中出现的“碳达峰”和“碳中和”相关的英语表达。
emission peak 碳达峰Emission peak refers to an inflection point of greenhouse gas emissions.碳达峰，是指二氧化碳排放总量达到历史最高值，由增转降的历史拐点。
carbon neutrality 碳中和Carbon neutrality refers to achieving net-zero carbon dioxide emissions.碳中和，即设法减少二氧化碳排放，最终实现净零排放的目标。
例句：The Paris Agreement on climate change charts the course for the world to transition to green and low-carbon development. It outlines the minimum steps to be taken to protect the Earth, our shared homeland, and all countries must take decisive steps to honor this Agreement. China will scale up its Intended Nationally Determined Contributions by adopting more vigorous policies and measures. We aim to have carbon dioxide emissions peak before 2030 and achieve carbon neutrality before 2060.应对气候变化《巴黎协定》代表了全球绿色低碳转型的大方向，是保护地球家园需要采取的最低限度行动，各国必须迈出决定性步伐。
有关于介绍复合材料方面的英语作文全文共10篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Let's Talk About Composite Materials!Hey guys, do you know what composite materials are? Today, we are going to learn all about them!So, composite materials are made up of two or more different materials combined together. For example, think about a chocolate chip cookie - it's made from chocolate chips and cookie dough. Just like that, composite materials combine different materials to make them stronger, lighter, or more durable.One cool thing about composite materials is that they can be made from all sorts of stuff like fibers, metals, or plastics. They are used in lots of things we use every day, like sports equipment, airplanes, cars, and even buildings! They help make things stronger and last longer.One famous example of a composite material is carbon fiber. It's super strong and lightweight, which makes it perfect forthings like bicycles and tennis rackets. Another example is fiberglass, which is used in boats and cars to make them more durable.Composite materials are also great for the environment because they can be recycled and reused. This helps reduce waste and protect our planet.So, next time you see something made from composite materials, remember how cool and useful they are! They are like the superheroes of materials, making our world a better place. Let's give a big cheer for composite materials! Yay!篇2Composite materials are super cool! They are made by combining two or more materials to create a new material with special properties. For example, carbon fiber is a composite material made from carbon fibers and a plastic resin. It is super strong and lightweight, making it perfect for things like aircraft, sports equipment, and even space shuttles.One cool thing about composite materials is that you can customize them to have different properties. By changing the type of materials used, the way they are arranged, or how theyare combined, you can create a material that is strong, flexible, heat-resistant, or even conductive.Another awesome thing about composite materials is that they can be made to be very durable. Unlike some traditional materials that can rust, corrode, or wear out quickly, composite materials can last a long time without needing to be replaced. This makes them perfect for things like bridges, buildings, and even prosthetic limbs.Overall, composite materials are a super cool and versatile type of material that can be used in all sorts of applications. Whether you're building a rocket ship, a skateboard, or a new type of car, composite materials are a great choice for creating something strong, lightweight, and long-lasting. So next time you see something made from carbon fiber or fiberglass, you'll know just how awesome composite materials really are!篇3Title: Amazing Composite MaterialsHey guys! Today I want to talk to you about something really cool - composite materials! Have you ever heard of them before? If not, don't worry, I'll explain everything to you.First of all, what are composite materials? Well, composite materials are made up of two or more different materials that are combined to make a new material. These materials have special properties that make them super strong, lightweight, and durable.One of the coolest things about composite materials is that they can be tailored to have specific properties. For example, some composite materials are super strong and are used to make things like airplanes and cars. Other composite materials are flexible and are used to make things like sports equipment and shoes.One of the most common types of composite materials is carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is made up of carbon atoms that are bonded together to form long, thin fibers. These fibers are then woven together to create a super strong and lightweight material that is used in all kinds of products.So, next time you see a cool sports car or a fancy airplane, remember that they are made using composite materials. Isn't that amazing? I hope you learned something new today. Thanks for listening!篇4Hey guys, do you know what composite materials are? They are super cool materials made by combining two or more different materials together. They are used in a lot of things we see every day, like airplanes, cars, sports equipment, and even buildings!Composite materials have some special properties that make them really awesome. For example, they are lightweight but super strong, so they are perfect for making things that need to be both durable and easy to move around. They are also resistant to heat and chemicals, so they can be used in all kinds of different environments.One cool thing about composite materials is that they can be designed to have specific properties. By changing the types of materials used and the way they are combined, engineers can create composites with different strengths, stiffness, and flexibility. This makes them really versatile and useful for all kinds of applications.There are lots of different types of composite materials, like carbon fiber, fiberglass, and Kevlar. Each type has its own unique properties and uses. For example, carbon fiber is super strong and lightweight, so it is often used in high-performance sports equipment and aerospace applications. Fiberglass is moreflexible and easy to mold, so it is commonly used in boat hulls and car bodies. And Kevlar is incredibly strong and resistant to impact, so it is often used in bulletproof vests and protective gear.In conclusion, composite materials are amazing materials that have revolutionized the way we design and build things. They are strong, lightweight, and versatile, making them ideal for a wide range of applications. So next time you see a cool sports car or high-tech gadget, remember that it might be made of composite materials!篇5Introduction to Composite MaterialsHey everyone! Today I want to talk to you about composite materials. Do you know what composite materials are? Well, let me tell you!Composite materials are materials made from two or more different types of materials. These materials are combined to create a new material that has better properties than the individual materials on their own. Pretty cool, right?There are many different types of composite materials. Some examples include fiberglass, carbon fiber, and Kevlar. These materials are used in a wide range of applications, from building materials to sports equipment to aerospace technology.One of the main advantages of composite materials is that they are strong and lightweight. This makes them perfect for use in things like airplanes, boats, and cars. Composite materials are also resistant to corrosion, which means they last longer than traditional materials.Another great thing about composite materials is that they can be designed to have specific properties. This means that engineers can tailor the material to meet the exact requirements of a particular application. Pretty cool, right?In conclusion, composite materials are a really important and versatile type of material. They are strong, lightweight, and can be customized to meet specific needs. So next time you see a cool sports car or a high-tech airplane, remember that it might be made from composite materials!篇6Composite materials are super cool! They are made by combining two or more different materials to create a newmaterial with amazing properties. There are many different types of composite materials, such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, and even Kevlar.One of the coolest things about composite materials is that they are super strong and lightweight. This makes them perfect for building things like airplanes, cars, and even sports equipment. For example, carbon fiber is often used to make high-performance bicycles because it is so light and strong.Another great thing about composite materials is that they can be molded into almost any shape. This allows manufacturers to create products that are not possible with traditional materials. For example, fiberglass can be molded into complex shapes, which is why it is often used to make boat hulls.Composite materials are also resistant to corrosion and can withstand harsh environmental conditions. This makes them ideal for outdoor applications, such as building materials for bridges or even wind turbine blades.In conclusion, composite materials are awesome because they are strong, lightweight, versatile, and durable. They are revolutionizing the way we build things and are sure to play a big role in the future of technology and innovation. So next time yousee something made of composite materials, remember how cool and special they are!篇7Hello everyone, today I am going to talk about composite materials. Composite materials are really cool and interesting because they are made up of two or more different materials. It's like having superpowers when you combine different things together!Composite materials are made by mixing materials like carbon fiber, fiberglass, or Kevlar with a liquid resin. The mixture is then put into a mold and shaped into whatever you want it to be. It's like making a cake but instead of flour and eggs, you're using cool stuff like carbon fiber!One awesome thing about composite materials is that they are super strong and lightweight. That's why they are used in things like airplanes, cars, and sports equipment. Imagine playing baseball with a bat made of composite materials - you could hit a home run every time!Another cool thing about composite materials is that they can be made to be really flexible or really stiff, depending onwhat you need them for. So you can have a surfboard that bends with the waves or a golf club that stays stiff when you hit the ball.In conclusion, composite materials are amazing because they are strong, lightweight, and versatile. They are the superheroes of materials! I hope you learned something new today about composite materials. Thanks for listening!篇8Title: All About Composite MaterialsHello everyone! Today I want to talk to you about composite materials. Do you know what composite materials are? Well, let me explain it to you in a simple way.Composite materials are made by combining two or more different materials to create a new material with enhanced properties. These materials are lightweight but strong, and they can be found in many things around us, like cars, airplanes, boats, and even sports equipment like tennis rackets and golf clubs.There are different types of composite materials, such as fiberglass, carbon fiber, and Kevlar. These materials are used in different ways depending on the properties needed for the finalproduct. For example, carbon fiber is very strong and lightweight, so it is often used in high-performance sports cars and bicycles.One of the great things about composite materials is that they can be customized to meet specific requirements. This means that manufacturers can create materials with the exact properties needed for a particular application.In conclusion, composite materials are amazing because they combine the best properties of different materials to create something new and improved. So, next time you see a cool sports car or a sleek airplane, remember that it's all thanks to composite materials!That's all for now. Thanks for listening!篇9Hi everyone, today I'm going to talk about composite materials. Composite materials are super cool because they are made up of two or more materials that have different properties. When you combine them together, you get a material that is stronger, lighter, or more durable than each of the individual materials on their own.One example of a composite material is fiberglass. It's made by combining glass fibers with a resin to create a strong and lightweight material that is often used in boats, cars, and even some sports equipment. Another example is carbon fiber, which is super strong and used in aerospace and high-performance sports equipment.Composite materials are used in so many different things because they have so many great properties. They can be made to be really strong, really light, resistant to heat or chemicals, and even flexible. That's why they're used in everything from buildings and bridges to cars and airplanes.So next time you see a cool sports car or a shiny airplane, remember that it's probably made with composite materials. They're the future of materials and are making our world stronger, lighter, and more awesome!篇10Title: Let's Talk about Composite MaterialsHey everyone! Today I want to talk about something super cool – composite materials! Have you ever heard of them before? Well, if you haven't, don't worry because I'm going to tell you all about them.So, composite materials are made up of two or more different kinds of materials that are combined together. These materials work together to create a new material that has properties that are different from the original materials. How cool is that?One example of a composite material is fiberglass. Fiberglass is made by combining glass fibers with a plastic resin. The glass fibers give the material strength and stiffness, while the plastic resin holds everything together. This makes fiberglass a super strong and lightweight material that is used in all kinds of things like boats, cars, and even surfboards!Another example of a composite material is carbon fiber. Carbon fiber is made by combining carbon fibers with a resin. This material is super strong and lightweight, making it perfect for things like airplanes and sports equipment.Composite materials are used in so many things because they are stronger, lighter, and more durable than traditional materials. They can also be designed to have specific properties, like being heat-resistant or waterproof.I think composite materials are really amazing because they show us how different materials can work together to create something totally new and awesome. So next time you seesomething made out of fiberglass or carbon fiber, remember that it's all thanks to composite materials!。
12Roberto CB et al.Improved oral bioavailability of cyclosporin A in male Wistar parison of a Solutol HS15containing self-dispersing formulation and a microsuspension.Int J Pharm2002;245(1–2):143–151.13Abdalla A,Ma¨der K.Preparation and characterization of a self-emulsifying pellet formulation.Eur J Pharm Biopharm2007;66(2): 220–226.14Berko´S et al.Solutol and cremophor products as new additives in suppository formulation.Drug Dev Ind Pharm2002;28(2):203–206. 15Malzert-Fre´on A et al.Formulation of sustained release nanoparticles loaded with a tripentone,a new anticancer agent.Int J Pharm2006;320(1–2):157–164.16Coon JS et al.Solutol HS15,June2008.nontoxic polyoxyethylene esters of12-hydroxystearic acid,reverses multidrug resistance.Cancer Research1991;51(3):897–902.20General ReferencesBASF.Technical information sheet:Solutol HS15,June2008.Coon JS et al.Reversal of VP-16resistance by Solutol HS15.Proc Am Assoc Cancer Res1993;34:323.Didriksen EJ,Gerlach AL.Solubilized pharmaceutical composition for parenteral administration.European Patent1171100;2003.Fro¨mming K-H et al.Physico-chemical properties of the mixed micellar system of Solutol HS15and sodium deoxycholate.Acta Pharm Technol 1990;36:214–220.Lorenz W et al.Histamine release and hypotensive reactions in dogs by solubilizing agents and fatty acids:analysis of various components in Cremophor EL and development of a compound with reduced toxicity.Agents Actions1982;12:64–80.Smith DB et al.A phase I and pharmacokinetic study of amphethinile.Br J Cancer1988;57:623–627.Woodburn K et al.Interactions of Solutol HS15and Cremophor EL with plasma lipoproteins.Int J Biochem Cell Biol1995;27:693–699.21AuthorKK Singh.22Date of Revision10March2009.Magnesium Aluminum Silicate1Nonproprietary NamesBP:Aluminium Magnesium SilicatePhEur:Aluminium Magnesium SilicateUSP-NF:Magnesium Aluminum Silicate2SynonymsAluminii magnesii silicas;aluminosilicic acid,magnesium salt;aluminum magnesium silicate;Carrisorb;Gelsorb;Magnabrite;magnesium aluminosilicate;magnesium aluminum silicate,colloi-dal;magnesium aluminum silicate,complex colloidal;Neusilin;Pharmasorb;silicic acid,aluminum magnesium salt;Veegum.3Chemical Name and CAS Registry NumberAluminum magnesium silicate[12511-31-8]Magnesium aluminum silicate[1327-43-1]4Empirical Formula and Molecular WeightMagnesium aluminum silicate is a polymeric complex of magne-sium,aluminum,silicon,oxygen,and water.The average chemicalanalysis is conventionally expressed as oxides:Silicon dioxide61.1%Magnesium oxide13.7%Aluminum oxide9.3%Titanium dioxide0.1%Ferric oxide0.9%Calcium oxide2.7%Sodium oxide2.9%Potassium oxide0.3%Carbon dioxide1.8%Water of combination7.2%5Structural FormulaThe complex is composed of a three-lattice layer of octahedralalumina and two tetrahedral silica sheets.The aluminum issubstituted to varying degrees by magnesium(with sodium orpotassium for balance of electrical charge).Additional elementspresent in small amounts include iron,lithium,titanium,calcium,and carbon.6Functional CategoryAdsorbent;stabilizing agent;suspending agent;tablet and capsuledisintegrant;tablet binder;viscosity-increasing agent.7Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation orTechnologyMagnesium aluminum silicate has been used for many years in theformulation of tablets,ointments,and creams.It is used in oral andtopical formulations as a suspending and stabilizing agent eitheralone or in combination with other suspending agents.(1–3)Theviscosity of aqueous dispersions may be greatly increased bycombination with other suspending agents,such as xanthan gum,owing to synergistic effects;see Xanthan Gum.In tablets,magnesium aluminum silicate is used as a binder and disintegrantin conventional or slow-release formulations.(4,5)See Table I.Magnesium aluminum silicate may cause bioavailability pro-blems with certain drugs;see Section12.8DescriptionThe USP32–NF27describes magnesium aluminum silicate as ablend of colloidal montmorillonite and saponite that has beenprocessed to remove grit and nonswellable ore components.Fourtypes of magnesium aluminum silicate are defined:types IA,IB,IC,and IIA.These types differ according to their viscosity and ratio ofaluminum and magnesium content;see Table II.The PhEur6.3describes magnesium aluminum silicate(alumi-nium magnesium silicate)as a mixture of particles with colloidalMagnesium Aluminum Silicate393particle size of montmorillonite and saponite,free from grit and nonswellable ore.Magnesium aluminum silicate occurs as off-white to creamy white,odorless,tasteless,soft,slippery small flakes,or as a fine,micronized powder.Flakes vary in shape and size from about 0.3Â0.4mm to 1.0Â2.0mm and about 25–240m m thick.Many flakes are perforated by scattered circular holes 20–120m m in diameter.Under dark-field polarized light,innumerable bright specks are observed scattered over the flakes.The powder varies from 45to 297m m in size.Table II:Magnesium aluminum silicate types defined in the USP32–NF27.Type Viscosity (mPa s)Al content/Mg content IA 225–6000.5–1.2IB 150–4500.5–1.2IC 800–22000.5–1.2IIA100–3001.4–2.89Pharmacopeial SpecificationsSee Table III.10Typical PropertiesAcid demand 6–8mL of 0.1N HCl is required to reduce the pH of 1g to pH 4.Table I:Uses of magnesium aluminum eConcentration (%)Adsorbent 10–50Binding agent2–10Disintegrating agent 2–10Emulsion stabilizer (oral)1–5Emulsion stabilizer (topical)2–5Suspending agent (oral)0.5–2.5Suspending agent (topical)1–10Stabilizing agent 0.5–2.5Viscosity modifier2–10SEM 1:Excipient:magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum );manufacturer:RT Vanderbilt Co.,Inc.;lot no.:61A-1;magnification:600Â;voltage:10kV.SEM 2:Excipient:magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum );manufacturer:RT Vanderbilt Co.,Inc.;lot no.:61A-1;magnification:2400Â;voltage:10kV.SEM 3:Excipient:magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum F );manufacturer:RT Vanderbilt Co.,Inc.;lot no:61A-2;magnification:600Â;voltage:10kV.Table III:Pharmacopeial specifications for magnesium aluminum silicate.TestPhEur 6.3USP32–NF27Identification þþCharactersþ—Viscosity (5%w/v suspension)—See Table II Microbial limits4103cfu/g 4103cfu/g pH (5%w/v suspension)9.0–10.09.0–10.0Acid demand —þLoss on drying 48.0%48.0%Arsenic 43ppm 43ppm Lead415ppm 40.0015%Assay for Al and Mg content95.0–105.0þ394Magnesium Aluminum SilicateDensity 2.418g/cm 3Moisture content 6.0–9.98%.(6)See also Figures 1,2,and 3.(6)Particle size distribution see Section 8.Solubility Practically insoluble in alcohols,water,and organic solvents.Swelling capacity Swelling properties are reversible.Magnesium aluminum silicate swells to many times its original volume in water to form colloidal dispersions,and may be dried and rehydrated any number of times.Viscosity (dynamic)Dispersions in water at the 1–2%w/v level are thin colloidal suspensions.At 3%w/v and above,dispersions are opaque.As the concentration is increased above 3%w/v,the viscosity of aqueous dispersions increases rapidly;at 4–5%w/v,dispersions are thick,white colloidal sols,while at 10%w/v firm gels are formed.Dispersions are thixotropic at concentrations greater than 3%w/v.The viscosity of the suspension increaseswith heating or addition of electrolytes,and at higher concentrations with aging.11Stability and Storage ConditionsMagnesium aluminum silicate is stable indefinitely when stored under dry conditions.It is stable over a wide pH range,has base-exchange capacity,absorbs some organic substances,and is compatible with organic solvents.Magnesium aluminum silicate should be stored in a well-closed container,in a cool,dry place.12IncompatibilitiesOwing to its inert nature,magnesium aluminum silicate has few incompatibilities but is generally unsuitable for acidic solutions below pH 3.5.Magnesium aluminum silicate,as with other clays,SEM 4:Excipient:magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum F );manufacturer:RT Vanderbilt Co.,Inc.;lot no.:61A-2;magnification:2400Â;voltage:10kV.10102020303040405050% Relative humidity% E q u i l i b r i u m m o i s t u r e a t 25°C60708090100Figure 1:Equilibrium moisture content of magnesium aluminum silicate (Veegum HV ,RT Vanderbilt Co.,Inc.).% Relative humidity% E q u i l i b r i u m m o i s t u r e a t 25°C246810Figure 2:Sorption–desorption isotherm of magnesium aluminum silicate (Pharmasorb ,BASF).% Relative humidity% E q u i l i b r i u m m o i s t u r e a t 25ºC24681012Figure 3:Sorption–desorption isotherm of magnesium aluminum silicate (Pharmasorb Colloidal ,BASF).MMagnesium Aluminum Silicate395may adsorb some drugs.(7,8)This can result in low bioavailability if the drug is tightly bound or slowly desorbed,e.g.amfetamine sulfate,(4)tolbutamide,(9)warfarin sodium,(10)diazepam,(11)and diclofenac sodium.(12)13Method of ManufactureMagnesium aluminum silicate is obtained from silicate ores of the montmorillonite group,which show high magnesium content.The ore is blended with water to form a slurry to remove impurities and separate out the colloidal fraction.The refined colloidal dispersion is drum-dried to form a small flake,which is then micro-atomized to form various powder grades.14SafetyMagnesium aluminum silicate is generally regarded as nontoxic and nonirritating at the levels employed as a pharmaceutical excipient. Subacute animal feeding studies in rats and dogs fed magnesium aluminum silicate at10%of the diet,for90days,were negative, including autopsy and histopathological examinations.(13) LD50(rat,oral):>16g/kg(14)15Handling PrecautionsObserve normal precautions appropriate to the circumstances and quantity of material handled.Eye protection and gloves are recommended.Adequate ventilation should be provided and dust generation minimized.16Regulatory StatusIncluded in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database(oral granules, solutions,suspensions and tablets;rectal;and topical preparations; vaginal preparations).Included in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK.Included in the Canadian List of Acceptable Non-medicinal Ingredients.17Related SubstancesAttapulgite;bentonite;kaolin;magnesium silicate;magnesium trisilicate;montmorillonite;saponite;talc.MontmorilloniteEmpirical formula Al2O5Á4SiO2Á4H2OCAS number[1318-93-0]Comments A naturally occurring silicate clay.18CommentsThe EINECS number for magnesium aluminum silicate is215-478-8.The PubChem Compound ID(CID)for magnesium aluminum silicate is3084116.19Specific References1Polon JA.The mechanisms of thickening by inorganic agents.J Soc Cosmet Chem1970;21:347–363.2Farley CA,Lund W.Suspending agents for extemporaneous dispensing: evaluation of alternatives to tragacanth.Pharm J1976;216:562–566. 3Attama AA et al.Effect of Veegum on the suspending properties of Mucuna gum.Boll Chem Farm1997;136:549–553.4McGinity JW,Lach JL.Sustained-release applications of montmorillo-nite interaction with amphetamine sulfate.J Pharm Sci1977;66:63–66.5McGinity JW,Harris MR.Optimization of slow-release tablet formulations containing montmorillonite I:properties of tablets.Drug Dev Ind Pharm1980;6:399–410.6Grab FL et al.Magnesium aluminum silicate.Handbook of Pharma-ceutical Excipients.Washington,DC and London:American Pharma-ceutical Association and Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain,1986;166–169.7McGinity JW,Lach JL.In vitro adsorption of various pharmaceuticals to montmorillonite.J Pharm Sci1976;65:896–902.8McGinity JW,Harris MR.Increasing dissolution rates of poorly-soluble drugs by adsorption to montmorillonite.Drug Dev Ind Pharm1980;6: 35–48.9Varley AB.The generic inequivalence of drugs.J Am Med Assoc1968;206:1745–1748.10Wagner JG et al.In vivo and in vitro availability of commercial warfarin tablets.J Pharm Sci1971;60:666–677.11Munzel K.The desorption of medicinal substances from adsorbents in oral pharmaceutical suspensions.Acta Pharmacol Toxicol1971;29(Suppl.3):81–87.12Pongjanyakul T et al.Influence of magnesium aluminium silicate on rheological,release and permeation characteristics of diclofenac sodium aqueous gels in vitro.J Pharm Pharmacol2005;57:429–434.13Sakai K,Moriguchi K.Effect of magnesium aluminosilicate adminis-tered to pregnant mice on pre-and postnatal development of offsprings.Oyo Yakri1975;9:703.14Sweet DV,ed.Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances.Cincinnati:US Department of Health,1987.20General ReferencesRT Vanderbilt Co.,Inc.Technical literature:Veegum,the versatile ingredient for pharmaceutical formulations,1992.Wai K et al.Applications of the montmorillonites in tablet making.J Pharm Sci1966;55:1244–1248.Yokoi H et al.[Effect of magnesium aluminosilicate on fluidity of pharmaceutical powders.]J Pharm Soc Jpn1978;98:418–425[in Japanese].21AuthorA Palmieri.22Date of Revision12February2009.396Magnesium Aluminum SilicateMagnesium Carbonate1Nonproprietary NamesBP:Heavy Magnesium CarbonateLight Magnesium CarbonateJP:Magnesium CarbonatePhEur:Magnesium Carbonate,HeavyMagnesium Carbonate,LightUSP:Magnesium Carbonate2SynonymsCarbonic acid,magnesium salt(1:1);carbonate magnesium; Destab;E504;hydromagnesite;magnesii subcarbonas levis;mag-nesii subcarbonas ponderosus.See Sections4and17.3Chemical Name and CAS Registry Number Magnesium carbonate anhydrous[546-93-0]See also Sections4and17.4Empirical Formula and Molecular Weight Magnesium carbonate is not a homogeneous material but may consist of the normal hydrate,the basic hydrate,and the anhydrous material MgCO3,which is rarely encountered.Basic magnesium carbonate is probably the most common form,and may vary in formula between light magnesium carbonate,(MgCO3)3ÁMg(OH)2Á3H2O,and magnesium carbonate hydroxide, (MgCO3)4ÁMg(OH)2Á5H2O.Normal magnesium carbonate is ahydrous magnesium carbonate with a varying amount of water, MgCO3Áx H2O.See also Sections8,13,and17.5Structural FormulaSee Section4.6Functional CategoryAdsorbent;antacid;tablet and capsule diluent.7Applications in Pharmaceutical Formulation or TechnologyAs an excipient,magnesium carbonate is mainly used as a directly compressible tablet diluent in concentrations up to45%w/w. Heavy magnesium carbonate produces tablets with high crushing strength,low friability,and good disintegration properties.(1–4) However,magnesium carbonate can have varying effects on dissolution and stability.(5,6)See also Section12.Magnesium carbonate has been incorporated in microsphere formulations for the purpose of stabilizing encapsulated proteins.(7)It has also been coencapsulated in poly(lactide-co-glycolide)microsphere formula-tions to neutralize acidity and enhance the immunogenicity of a contraceptive peptide vaccine.(8)Magnesium carbonate is also used to absorb liquids,such as flavors,in tableting processes.Magnesium carbonate is additionally used as a food additive and therapeutically as an antacid.See Table I.Table I:Uses of magnesium carbonate.Use Concentration(%) Absorbent of liquid,in tableting0.5–1.0Tablet excipient(direct compression)4458DescriptionMagnesium carbonate occurs as light,white-colored friable masses or as a bulky,white-colored powder.It has a slightly earthy taste and is odorless but,since it has a high absorptive ability,magnesium carbonate can absorb odors.The USP32describes magnesium carbonate as either a basic hydrated magnesium carbonate or a normal hydrated magnesium carbonate.However,the PhEur describes magnesium carbonate as being a hydrated basic magnesium carbonate in two separate monographs:heavy magnesium carbonate(PhEur6.5)and light magnesium carbonate(PhEur6.4).The molecular formulas for heavy magnesium carbonate and light magnesium carbonate vary, but heavy magnesium carbonate may generally be regarded as the tetrahydrate[(MgCO3)3ÁMg(OH)2Á4H2O],while light magnesium carbonate may be regarded as the trihydrate[(MgCO3)3ÁMg(OH)2Á3H2O].The molecular weights of the heavy and light forms of magnesium carbonate are383.32and365.30,respectively.9Pharmacopeial SpecificationsSee Table II.10Typical PropertiesAngle of repose42–508for granular heavy magnesium carbonate;56–608for spray-dried heavy magnesium carbonate.(3) Density(bulk)Heavy magnesium carbonate:0.207–0.56g/cm3;(9)Light magnesium carbonate:%0.12g/cm3.Density(tapped)Heavy magnesium carbonate:0.314–0.783g/cm3;(9)Light magnesium carbonate:%0.21g/cm3.Density(true)Heavy magnesium carbonate:1.966–2.261g/cm3(9)SEM1:Excipient:magnesium carbonate USP;manufacturer:Mallinckrodt Chemicals Co.;lot no.:KJGJ;magnification:60Â;voltage:20kV.397。
复合材料英语词汇复合材料是由两种或多种不同的材料组成的新型材料，具有优异的力学性能和功能性能。
复合材料在航空航天、汽车、建筑、医疗等领域有广泛的应用。
为了更好地了解和学习复合材料，我们需要掌握一些与之相关的英语词汇。
本文将介绍一些常用的复合材料英语词汇，并给出中英文对照表和例句。
一、复合材料的分类复合材料可以根据不同的标准进行分类，例如根据基体材料的类型、增强材料的形态、界面结构等。
下面是一些常见的复合材料分类的英语词汇：中文英文例句金属基复合材料Metal matrixcomposites (MMCs)金属基复合材料是由金属或合金作为基体，与陶瓷、金属或碳纤维等作为增强相组成的复合材料。
Metalmatrix composites are composites consisting of a metal or alloy as the matrix and ceramics, metals orcarbon fibers as the reinforcement phase.陶瓷基复合材料Ceramic matrixcomposites (CMCs)陶瓷基复合材料是由陶瓷或碳作为基体，与陶瓷、金属或碳纤维等作为增强相组成的复合材料。
Ceramicmatrix composites are composites consisting of ceramics or carbon as the matrix and ceramics, metals orcarbon fibers as the reinforcement phase.树脂基复合材料Resin matrixcomposites (RMCs)树脂基复合材料是由树脂（如环氧树脂、聚酯树脂等）作为基体，与玻璃纤维、碳纤维、芳纶纤维等作为增强相组成的复合材料。
Resin matrix composites are composites consisting of resin (such as epoxy resin,polyester resin, etc.) as the matrix and glass fiber, carbon fiber, aramid fiber, etc. as the reinforcementphase.碳-碳复合材料Carbon-carboncomposites (C/C)碳-碳复合材料是由碳素纤维作为增强相，经过高温处理后与碳素基体结合而成的复合材料。
Properties of chopped carbon fiber reinforced carbon foam compositesXia Wang,Ruiying Luo ⁎,Yongfeng Ni,Renqin Zhang,Shaobo WangCollege of Science,Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics,Beijing 100083,PR Chinaa b s t r a c ta r t i c l e i n f o Article history:Received 6July 2008Accepted 21August 2008Available online 29August 2008Keywords:Carbon foamCarbon –carbon composite Chopped carbon fibers Densi ficationMechanical propertiesA novel kind of carbon foam reinforced carbon –carbon composite with high density and mechanical properties was produced by densifying carbon foam preforms enhanced by chopped carbon fibers.The mechanical properties and densi fication ef ficiency of this composite could be improved by adding of fibers.The highest density of this composite could reach 1.5g/cm 3.The compressive strength increased by 38.9%,66.7%and 29.4%when the additive amount of chopped fibers was 1%,3%and 5%(wt.%)respectively.SEM observation showed that when the additive amount of fibers reached 5%,micro-cracks appeared in carbon foam preforms and resulted in the decrease in compressive strength of composite no.4.©2008Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.1.IntroductionCarbon –carbon composites are widely used for aircraft brake friction materials,jet engine component materials and other struc-tural parts.They are attractive because they are lightweight and can operate at very high temperatures [1–3].These materials are usually made from needled carbon fabrics and fiber prepregs.However,the two main drawbacks of these materials,namely,the high cost of raw material and the time-consuming manufacture process,make it desirable to find new preforms and develop new processes that have a reduced cost and shortened cycle time for making carbon –carbon composites [4,5].Carbon foams,which possess reticulated structure exhibiting oriented ligament similar to that in carbon fibers,must have substantial fiber-like properties and potential to be used as reinforcing phase in a composite which would behave in many respects like a carbon fiber reinforced composite [6–8].Moreover,they can be made in a single foaming step,instead of using a laborious process of manufacturing a needled carbon fabric and fiber prepregs compacted by subsequent molding,making them an even cheaper and less time-consuming substitution for carbon fibers [7,9,10].Some carbon foam reinforced composites have already been developed,but their low deposition density and single enhancement pattern resulted in their low mechanical properties [8,11].In this study we attempted to fabricate new carbon foam reinforced composite which was enhanced by chopped carbon fibers.This composite was reinforced by not only carbon foams which had reticulated structure and substantial fiber-like properties,but also chopped carbon fibers which were prevalently used to reinforce composite materials.Carbon foam preforms were prepared by adding chopped carbon fibers todepress their brittleness and improve their mechanical properties.Simultaneously,fibers exposed in foam cells increase open porosities and contract areas,which consequently improved the densi fication ef ficiency.It took only five densi fication cycles to make the density of composites up to 1.38–1.5g/cm 3.Thus,a novel kind of carbon foam reinforced composite with high density and mechanical properties was fabricated.2.Experiment 2.1.MaterialsPhenolic resin was kindly provided by Beijing Composite Material Co.,Ltd (Beijing,China)with viscosity of 100–120mPa·s.Sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO 3),Tween 80and P-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate were used as the vesicant,surfactant and solidi fied agent respectively,and all of them were provided by Beijing Chemical Reagents Company (Beijing,China).Chopped carbon fibers (PX ®35CF)provided by Beijing Oriental Wistar Carbon Fiber Science &Technol-ogy Co.,Ltd (Beijing,China)were 3mm in length and 7.2µm in diameter.Their tensile strength is 3.8GPa and coef ficient of thermal expansion (CTE)is about −0.5to −1.0×10−6/°C.Petroleum pitch was obtained in market and its softening point was 170°C.2.2.Fabrication and densi fication of carbon foam preformsThe surfactant,vesicant,chopped carbon fibers and solidi fied agent were added into phenolic resin orderly in some speci fic ratio and stirred homogeneously by a magnetic stirring apparatus.Then the mixture was poured in a mold and laid in a vacuum oven at constant temperature of 80°C to foam and solidify,and held on for 2h for further stabilization.Finally,the phenolic foams were carbonized atMaterials Letters 63(2009)25–27⁎Corresponding author.Tel.:+861082338267;fax:+861051366729.E-mail address:ryluo@ (R.Luo).0167-577X/$–see front matter ©2008Elsevier B.V.All rights reserved.doi:10.1016/j.matlet.2008.08.036Contents lists available at ScienceDirectMaterials Lettersj o u r na l ho m e p a g e :w w w.e l s ev i e r.c o m /l o c a t e /m a t l e t1000°C at heating rate of1°C/min under nitrogenflow and kept for 2h.The resultant carbon foam preforms with similar density and mean pore size(about200µm)but different amount of carbonfibers named as p1,p2,p3and p4were chosen for further densification.The corresponding properties of preforms were listed in Table1.Then all the preforms were densified by two cycles of CVD(at1100°C for30h each cycle)using propane as precursor and three cycles of pitch impregnation/carbonization(at1000°C for2h each cycle).Finally carbon foam reinforced composites produced from preforms p1,p2, p3and p4were named as sample nos.1,2,3and4respectively.2.3.Characterization of composite materialsThe samples were processed into regular shapes and their apparent density was calculated by mass-volume pres-sive test was carried out by CMT5504electronic universal testing machine(SANS Testing Machine Inc,China).The microstructure was characterized by JSM-5800scanning electron microscopy(JOEL, Japan).3.Results and discussionVariation of apparent density as a function of densification cycles was showed in Fig.1.After two cycles of CVD and three cycles of pitch impregnation/carbonization,the density of samples no.1,2,3and4was1.38,1.4,1.45and1.5g/cm3respectively.It could be concluded that the composite prepared from the preform containing morefibers had higher density.Because of their low original density of about0.3g/cm3and high open porosities increasing by adding offibers,which were showed in Table1,the carbon foam preforms could offer more pores and contact areas for deposition of pyrocarbon during the densification processes,and thus resulted in the higher densification density than the reported[8,11].On the other hand,chopped carbonfibers added in the carbon foam preforms could also increase the densification efficiency especially during the CVD process,which could be demonstrated by Fig.2clearly.Pyrocarbon could only be deposited on cell walls withoutfibers,as Fig.2(a),while it could be deposited on the surface of both cell walls and exposedfibers when carbonfibers were introduced,as Fig.2(b).Therefore,the sample no.4produced from the preform p4containing the most fibers had the highest density,and the composite no.1produced from p1containing no fibers had the lowest.Fig.3was the compressive strength vs.strain of samples no.1,2,3and4.The ultimate compressive strength of sample no.1was25.2MPa;while that of composite nos.2,3and 4produced from preforms p2,p3and p4withfibers of1%,3%,and5%(wt.%)was35.0, 42.0and32.6MPa respectively.It could be concluded that the compressive strength of composite produced fromfiber-reinforced preforms was higher than that of composite produced from no.1preform withoutfibers by38.9%,66.7%and29.4%respectively. Whenfibers were added,they would reduce the brittleness of carbon foam preforms and enhance their mechanical properties.Meanwhile,they improved the densification degree of carbon foam preforms.Consequently,the samples made from preforms containingfibers had higher mechanical properties than those withoutfibers.The compressive strain of composite no.1produced from preform p1withoutfibers was0.022,while that of composite no.2,no.3and no.4produced from preforms p2,p3 and p4was0.034,0.042and0.067respectively.Moreover,in composite no.1clear lineal behavior was observed up to the point of maximum load and then followed by a catastrophic failure.Due to the intrinsical brittleness of vitreous carbon foam,the strain of sample no.1was low and the fracture behavior was catastrophic.When chopped carbonfibers were added,the brittleness of carbon foam preforms would be depressed. Moreover,when defects and micro-cracks were propagating they would be deflected and blocked in the place where they metfibers,which led to disruption of composites at a wide range of strain.However,the compressive strength decreased from42.0to32.6MPa when the additive amount offibers increased from3%to5%(wt.%).This might be caused by micro-cracks appeared in carbon foam preforms.As showed in Fig.4,when the additive amount offibers was low(below3%),little micro-cracks appeared in carbon foam preforms,but when the content reached5%,micro-cracks appeared in carbon foamTable1Properties of carbon foam preformsSample Fiber content(wt.%)Density(g/cm3)Open porosity(vol.%)p100.3277.2p210.3079.3P330.3280.2p450.3182.3Fig.1.Density of composites as a function of densificationcycles.Fig.2.SEM micrographs of samples after CVD:(a)withoutfibers;(b)withfibers.Fig.3.The compressive strength vs.strain of sample nos.1,2,3and4.26X.Wang et al./Materials Letters63(2009)25–27preforms and brought down the strength.Therefore,the strength decreased from sample of no.3to no.4.These micro-cracks might be brought from the shrinkage of phenolic foam precursors during carbonization,or mismatch of coef ficient of thermal expansion (CTE)between fibers and foams.During the carbonization process,phenolic foam precursors shrank sharply for the pyrolysis of phenolic resin and volatilization of small molecules.However,chopped carbon fibers had little changes or shrinkage during this process but limited the free shrinkage of the precursors,which caused stress concentration and finally resulted in generation of micro-cracks.Moreover,CTE of carbon fibers was negative,about −0.5to −1.0×10−6/°C,while that of carbon foams composed of glass carbon was positive,about 0.8~2.4×10−6/°C [12].The opposite CTE made one material shrink and the other expand when they were heated,and thereby produced micro-cracks during the heating process of densi fication.4.ConclusionsA new kind of carbon foam reinforced composite with high density and compressive strength was produced by densifying carbon foam preforms enhanced by chopped carbon fibers.The mechanical properties and densi fication ef ficiency of this composite could be improved by adding of fibers.The apparent density of samples with different content of fibers was 1.38,1.4,1.45and 1.5g/cm 3.The compressive strength was increased by 38.9%,66.7%and 29.4%when the additive amount of chopped fibers was 1%,3%and 5%(wt.%)respectively.When the additive amount of fibers reached 5%,micro-cracks appeared on carbon foam preforms and the compressive strength of sample 4decreased.AcknowledgementsThe work was kindly supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University NCET 05-0195.References[1]Bruneton E,Narcy B,Oberlin A.Carbon 1997;35:1593–8.[2]Lee KJ,Chern JH,Ju CP.Wear 1996;199:228–36.[3]Isola C,Salvo M,Ferraris M,Montorsi MA.J Eur Ceram Soc 1998;18:1017–24.[4]Matzinos PD,Patrick JW,Walker A.Carbon 1997;35:507–13.[5]Luo RY.Carbon 2002;40:1279–85.[6]Hager JW,Lake ML.Mat Res Soc Symp Proc 1992;270:29–34.[7]Mehta R,Anderson DP,Hager JW.Carbon 2003;41:2174–6.[8]N.Murdie,C.A.Parker,J.F.Pigford,D.Narasimhan, Patent 6323160.[9]Chen C,Kennel EB,Stiller AH,Stansberry PG,Zondlo JW.Carbon 2006;44:1535–43.[10]Calvo M,Garcia R,arenillas A,Suarez I,Moinelo SR.Fuel 2005;84:2184–9.[11]J.Klett,S.Jones,L.Klett,C.Walls.High thermal conductivity graphitic foam reinforced carbon –carbon composites.International SAMPE Symposium and Exhibition (Proceedings),./researchgroups/CIM-TECH/foam/SAMPE2003-=JamesKlett.pdf .[12]The Carbon Society of Japan.Elementary course to new carbon materials.Tokyo:Realize Inc;1996.Fig.4.SEM micrographs of carbon foam preforms with (a)0%,(b)1%,(c)3%and (d)5%(wt.%)of fibers.27X.Wang et al./Materials Letters 63(2009)25–27。
2023年高考英语外刊时文精读精练(3)Carbon emissions 碳排放Seeing footprints in the air 看到空中的碳足迹主题语境：人与自然主题语境内容：环境保护【外刊原文】（斜体单词为超纲词汇，认识即可；下划线单词为课标词汇，需熟记。
）Chris Jones of the University of California, Berkeley, was on a river in the Amazon rainforest when he put the finishing touches on the world’s first online household carbon calculator (计算器). That was in 2005. He hoped that, if he could show people how much greenhouse gas was associated with daily activities—driving the car, heating the house—they might change their behaviour and contribute in some small measure to saving the Amazon. Seventeen years later, trackers are providing a wealth of often-neglect ed information about the carbon emissions of everyday life. They provide local and micro data which usefully supplement the global findings of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.Trackers work by asking users to answer questions such as: how many miles a year do you drive; how much is your annual household electricity bill; how often do you eat meat? They then calculate a personal or household estimate of emissions of carbon-dioxide equivalent (CO2e，二氧化碳当量排放量) per year. Alex Beale, a climate blogger in Atlanta who has studied them,reckons there are dozens of household carbon trackers and hundreds of specialist ones, including those which calculate emissions from food or other industries, such as a new one from the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) to track emissions from shipping. For individuals, reckons Mr Beale, the most comprehensive are the Cool Climate tracker run by Dr Jones at Berkeley and the calculator set up by the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) and SEI. What do they tell us?Dr Jones describes the main ho usehold polluting activities as “cars, coal, cows and consumption, roughly in that order”. By far the largest single source of emissions is the family vehicle. One car of average fuel efficiency driven 14,000 miles (22,500km) spews out 7 tonnes of carbon, according to Dr Jones’s tracker. Swapping it for an electric vehicle would save over 6 tonnes, or an eighth of the average American household’s yearly emissions.No other change would generate that much saving, though electricity in the home is responsible for over 5 tonnes of carbon emissions a year, so generating it with solar panels（太阳能电池板）would come close . Like electric vehicles, a roof full of solar panels is not cheap. Changing diets costs less, and American households consume meat worth 2.7 tonnes of CO2e a year, far more than most people. IfAmericans went vegetarian（素食者）, that would be like half an average solar roof.These household averages, however,disguise what may be the most important thing carbon trackers reveal: that apparently similar households produce very different emissions. By combining their tracker’s results with postal（邮政的）code data, the University of California team worked out average emissions by area. Places with high emissions—mostly suburbs（郊区）—produce four or five times as much carbon as inner cities or rural areas, a much larger multiple than might have been expected. Chicago’s households produce 37 tonnes of CO2e a year; suburban Eola’s, some 35 miles (56km) from the Windy City, emit96 tonnes. This is not only because of commuting（通勤）. Trips to and from work account for less than a fifth of miles driven; the rest are to shops, schools and so on.Even more striking is the difference air travel makes. The average household contribution from flying is 1.5 tonnes, less than a car. But half of Americans never fly. According to Cool Climate, flying 100,000 miles a year produces a stunning（惊人的）43 extra tonnes of CO2. If jet-set households were to cut their travel sharply, they would have a disproportionate（不成比例的） effect on emissions. They might even do something for the Amazon.Over the next 30 years, many countries are promising to move to net-zero carbon,imply ing that household emissions will have to be cut to close to nothing. Stephanie Roe, WWF’s lead climate scientist, reckons that, at best,half the reduction might be achieved through demand-side measures, such as behavioural changes by individuals and households. And even that would require companies and governments to provide more incentives（激励）to change through supply-side investments to make low-carbon options cheaper and more widely available.Trackers, it seems, have daunting（令人怯步的） lessons for public bodies and private households alike.【课标词汇】1.associate将…（与…）联系起来，把…联系在一起Most people associate this brand with good quality.大多数人把这个品牌和优良品质联系在一起。
减碳的英语作文高中英文回答：As a young individual standing on the cusp of adulthood, I am deeply invested in shaping a future where the Earth's well-being takes precedence. The scourge of climate change casts an ominous shadow over our planet, and the weight of its consequences rests heavily upon my shoulders. I am determined to be a beacon of change, leading the charge against the carbon emissions that are fueling this existential crisis.Every breath we take, every meal we consume, contributes to the greenhouse gases that trap heat in our atmosphere. The burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and industrial processes release vast amounts of carbon dioxide, methane, and other harmful gases, disrupting the delicate balance of our ecosystem. The consequences are dire: rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and the loss of biodiversity. The very fabric of our planet is unraveling before our eyes.I cannot stand idly by as my future, and the future of generations to come, is compromised. I am compelled to act, to make my voice heard in the fight against climate change.I have joined forces with like-minded individuals, advocating for policies that promote renewable energy, energy efficiency, and carbon capture technologies. Through community outreach programs, I educate others about the importance of reducing their carbon footprint.Moreover, I am committed to making personal sacrifices to live a low-carbon lifestyle. I have drastically reduced my meat consumption, choosing plant-based alternatives that have a smaller environmental impact. I prioritize public transportation, walking, and cycling over driving whenever possible. I have invested in energy-efficient appliances, and I am mindful of my energy consumption in every aspect of my life.These actions, both collective and individual, are not merely sacrifices but investments in the future we desire.By reducing our carbon emissions, we are creating a healthier, more sustainable planet for ourselves and for generations to come. The path to a low-carbon future will not be easy, but it is one that we must traverse together.I urge every individual to join me in this crucial endeavor, for the well-being of our planet and the future of humanity depends on it.中文回答：作为一名即将步入成年的年轻人，我深切地致力于塑造一个以地球福祉为重的未来。
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及审查大纲
矿产资源开发利用方案编写内容要求及《矿产资源开发利用方案》审查大纲一、概述
㈠矿区位置、隶属关系和企业性质。
如为改扩建矿山, 应说明矿山现状、
特点及存在的主要问题。
㈡编制依据
(1简述项目前期工作进展情况及与有关方面对项目的意向性协议情况。
(2 列出开发利用方案编制所依据的主要基础性资料的名称。
如经储量管理部门认定的矿区地质勘探报告、选矿试验报告、加工利用试验报告、工程地质初评资料、矿区水文资料和供水资料等。
对改、扩建矿山应有生产实际资料, 如矿山总平面现状图、矿床开拓系统图、采场现状图和主要采选设备清单等。
二、矿产品需求现状和预测
㈠该矿产在国内需求情况和市场供应情况
1、矿产品现状及加工利用趋向。
2、国内近、远期的需求量及主要销向预测。
㈡产品价格分析
1、国内矿产品价格现状。
2、矿产品价格稳定性及变化趋势。
三、矿产资源概况
㈠矿区总体概况
1、矿区总体规划情况。
2、矿区矿产资源概况。
3、该设计与矿区总体开发的关系。
㈡该设计项目的资源概况
1、矿床地质及构造特征。
2、矿床开采技术条件及水文地质条件。
