英汉篇章翻译（技巧综合分析）
Category: 本科四年级
Key words: comprehensive analysis, division, shift of perspective, omission, other techniques,
E-C translation
Abstract: It discusses the comprehensive analysis of such major technique as division, shift of
perspective, and omission used in text translating.
Compiler: "中国翻译"
Date: 2001/5
E-C
Passage 2
（1）So it is always when the mind is troubled among happy things, and then one almost wishes they could share one's troubles and become more real with it. （2）It seemed on that Sunday that a golden age had lasted till yesterday, and that the earth had still to learn the news of its ending. （3）And this change had come, not by the will of God, not even by the will of man, but because some few men far away were afraid to be open and generous with each other. （4）There was a power in their hands so great that it frightened them.（5）There was a spring that they knew they must not touch, and, like mischievous and nervous children, they had touched it at last, and now all the world was to suffer for their mischief. （6）So the next morning one saw a reservist in his uniform saying goodbye to his wife and children at his cottage-gate and then walking up the hill that leads out of the valley with a cheerful smile still on his face. （7）There was the first open sign of trouble, a very little one, and he made the least of it; and, after all, this valley is very far from any possible war, and its harvest and its vintage of perry and cider will surely be gathered in peace. （"中国翻译"，2001/5）
（1）置身幸福环境的人，在思想受到困扰的时候，总有这种体验。接着，他几乎会奢望幸福环境能分担他的困扰并在分担中变得更为真实。（2）在那个星期天，人们感到，一个黄金时代已在昨日宣告结束，而大地对这消息尤浑然不觉。（3）这场变化之所以发生，不是上帝旨意使然，甚至也不是人类的意志使然，而是因为远在别处的少数人怯于开诚布公地善待同类。（4）他们手中握有足以令他们战栗的大权。（5）有一条他们知道不可触动的弹簧，可是如同喜欢捣蛋又战战兢兢的孩子，他们毕竟去触动了，为了他们的淘气，如今全世界的人要受罪了。（6）于是，翌日早晨，人们看见一名预备役士兵穿上了制服，在农舍门口告别妻孥，爬山出谷去了，脸上仍挂着欣喜的笑容。（7）那是出现麻烦的第一个朕兆，一点蛛丝马迹而已，当事人更是尽量不事张扬。归根到底，这片谷地远在可能燃起的战火之外，这儿的一应作物以及用于今年酿酒的梨子和苹果都将在和平环境中收摘归仓。
分析：这段文字主要用了切分（division）和视角转换（shift of perspective）等翻译技巧，具体分析如下：
（1）So it is always when the mind is troubled among happy things, and then one almost wishes they could share one's troubles and become more real with it.
（1）置身幸福环境的人，在思想受到困扰的时候，总有这种体验。接着，他几乎会奢望幸福环境能分担他的困扰并在分担中变得更为真实。
句1：1）切分：原文一句句子在译文中译成了两句。2）视角转换中的语序调整：原文 "So it is always" 在译文中放在了时间状语从句后面；3）重复：原文中代词 "it" 在译文中还原成所替代的名词 "share"；
（2）It seemed on that Sunday that a golden age had lasted till yesterday, and that the earth had still to learn the news of its ending.
（2）在那个星期天，人们感到，一个黄金时代已在昨日宣告结束，而大地对这消息尤浑然不觉。
句2：1）减词： "and that" 在译文中省略；2）视角转换：原文"It seemed" 译成为"人们感到"；原文"a golden age had lasted till yesterday" 译成为"
一个黄金时代已在昨日宣告结束"；原文 "the earth had still to learn the news of its ending" 在译文中用了正说反译；
（3）And this change had come, not by the will of God, not even by the will of man, but because some few men far away were afraid to be open and generous with each other.
（3）这场变化之所以发生，不是上帝旨意使然，甚至也不是人类的意志使然，而是因为远在别处的少数人怯于开诚布公地善待同类。
句3：1）增词：译文中"之所以""使然"是增译；2）视角转换：原文的形容词短语"be open and generous with each other" 译成了动词短语"开诚布公地善待同类"；3）措辞："open"一词译成"开诚布公"；
（4）There was a power in their hands so great that it frightened them. （4）他们手中握有足以令他们战栗的大权。
句4：1）增词："握"字属于增译；2）减词："so great that it frightened them" 中 "it" 省略；
（5）There was a spring that they knew they must not touch, and, like mischievous and nervous children, they had touched it at last, and now all the world was to suffer for their mischief.
（5）有一条他们知道不可触动的弹簧，可是如同喜欢捣蛋又战战兢兢的孩子，他们毕竟去触动了，为了他们的淘气，如今全世界的人要受罪了。
