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篇章词汇理解
1.文章特点：
篇章词汇理解属于阅读理解中的仔细阅读理解，它主要考查考生综合运用英语语言的能力，包括：
（1）.阅读能力；
（2）.根据上下文准确理解句子意思的能力；
（3）.对篇章中词汇和语法的理解运用能力；
（4）.遣词造句的能力。文章主要有记叙，说明，和议论三种，长度在220个单词左右，无超纲词。
2.命题形式及原则：
它的命题形式：近似于完型填空，在一篇文章中留出10个空，要求从15个备选项中选出10个填入空中。
10个空的设计原则是：首句不设空，一句之中不设两空。
3.选项特点：
十个空格考查的全部为实词（名，动，形，副）：其中2~4个名词；2~3个动词；2~4个形容词；1个副词，每个正确选项都有干扰项。
4.答题步骤及技巧：
（1）跳读全文，把握大意（主要读首段及首末句，要善于根据首尾句把握文章的背景及
主题）
（2）阅读选项，将其分类。
进行词性分类时，要尽量细化到每个词性的各个语法功能，比如，名词要细化到单复数；动词要细化到及物不及物，时态和语态；形容词要细化到原级，比较级，最高级。
（3）语法切入，语义配合
也就是说“语法和语义并重”。先从语法角度看句子中缺失哪种成分，这种成分应该用什么词性的词来充当；再根据上一步中的词性分类，迅速缩小范围。如果进行语法分析后还是不能确定答案，就看句意，根据该句句意或上下文语境选择合适的答案。
（4）逻辑关系，前后对照
有时根据空格前后的逻辑关系可以发现，需要填的词有可能是前后或某个词的同义词或反义词。与答题相关的线索一般有以下几种情况：
①寻找同义转述。（空格处的词可能是对前后文内容或某个词汇的同义转述，应通过上下文进行判断）。如：
…weather maps contain a amount of information about weather conditions existing at the time of observation over a large geographical area…
备选项：…E) big…H)small…
②判断逻辑关系。（可通过判断空格处与上下文的逻辑关系来确定答案，具体的逻辑关系包括：指代，列举，因果，比较，对比，让步，并列，补充，递进）
阅读中常见表逻辑关系的关联词有：
●表转折关系的：but, on the contrary, otherwise, yet（表示前后两部分内容相反，相互对立，一般其后的内容是重点，极可能是考点）
●表顺承关系的：and, also, first, second, third （通常暗示前后两部分内容相辅相成）
●表递进关系的：furthermore, moreover
●表因果关系的：consequently, thus, therefore, as a result, so, accordingly
●表比较关系的：similarly, equally, like, in the same way
●表总结的：in conclusion, finally, in short, in summary, to sum up, in a word, my point is
that , that is to say, briefly(frankly, generally)speaking
③识别固定搭配。如：表“利用。。。”之意的就有take advantage of sth, make use of sth.
等不同的搭配。如：
…until the 19th century , the of equal rights to women met with only occasional protest and drew little attention from most people…
备选项：…B)objection…E)denial…
④词义（词性）的关联和平衡。如：
…Weather Bureau issues information about approaching storms, floods, , droughts, and all climatic conditions in general…
备选项：…C)frosts…F)forests…
（5）前后关联，掌握细节
干扰项之所以能发挥作用，是因为对文章的前后关联及细节掌握不够全面，文中一般会有指代词，比如this, that, those, these, which等。一定要仔细分辨它们指代的具体内容是什么。
例题分析：
Within 15 years Britain and other nations should be well on with the building of huge industrial complexes(建筑群). These are for the 1 of waste. The word rubbish could lose its meaning because everything that goes into the dumps would be made into something useful. Even the most 2 and unpleasant wastes would be used to provide 3 if nothing else.
The latest project is to investigate a city of around half a million inhabitants and discover exactly what 4 materials go into it and what go out. The aim is to find out how much of these raw materials could be 5 if a plant for recycling waste were built just outside the city. This 6 would recycle not only metal such as steel, lead and copper, but also paper and rubber as well.
Another new project is being set up to 7 the best ways of sorting and separating the rubbish. When this project is complete, the rubbish will be processed like this: first, it will pass through sharp metal bars which will tear open the plastic bags in which rubbish is 8 packed; then it will pass through a powerful fan to separate the 9 elements from the heavy solids; after that grounders(地面球) and rollers(滚筒) break up everything that can be broken. Finally the rubbish will pass under magnets, which will remove the bits of 10 and steel; the rubber and plastic will then be sorted out in the final stage.
The first full scale giant recycling plants are, perhaps, 15 years away. Indeed, with the growing cost of transporting rubbish to more distant dumps, some big cities will be forced to build
