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课时作业(十六) Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the starsSection ⅣGrammar—主语从句Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．What is more important in life is to have a great goal and the determination to achieve it.2．Why he failed in the exam is still a mystery and his parents want to find out the reason.3．It's known that knowledge is treasure and practice is the key to success.4．Happiness doesn't depend on who you are or what you have; it only depends on what you think of your life.5．When you are in love with a person, you will feel that you are the happiest person in the world.6．It's expected that you will spread love wherever you go.7．I'm not interested in what you have to do; I just need the result.8．Whether we will go sightseeing this weekend depends on the weather.9．What I wanted to find out first was how long it would take to finish the task.10．When they will have the sports meeting is still a question, for they have so many things to do.Ⅱ.阅读理解Your math teacher wears clothes made in 1985 and always mispronounces your name. Your English teacher loves to start classes with quick quizzes. It can be hard to think of these givers of grades as real people. But they eat pizza, watch movies and enjoy sports on weekends, just like you. So how can you get along well with your teachers?You can do lots of things to develop a good relationship with your teacher. First, do the obvious things: Show up in class on time with all tasks completed. Stay focused, be respectful and ask questions. Second, show an interest in the subject. Obviously, your teachers are really interested in their subjects, or they wouldn't have decided to teach them! Show the teacher that you care about the subject－even if you're not a math talent or fluent in French－and send the message that you are a hardworking student.You can also schedule a private meeting in a teacher's free time. Use this time to get extra help, ask questions, ask for information about a career (职业) in the subject or talk about your progress in class. You may be surprised to learn that your teacher is a bit more relaxed when only facing you than when teaching in front of the whole class.What if you just don't like the teacher? When it comes to working with teachers, one's characteristics can come into play just as they can in any other relationships. People just naturally get along better with some people than with others; it's impossible to like everyone all the time. Learning to work with people you don't like is a good interpersonal (人际的) skill to have in life, no matter what your goals are.Teachers are there for more than just homework; they know about more than their subject matters. They can help you learn how to behave as an adult and a lifelong learner. Undoubtedly, there will be a few teachers along the way who you'll always remember－and who might change your life forever.【文章大意】在求学的过程中，作为学生我们每天都会和老师接触与交流，那么你知道如何与老师们相处吗？1．How can students develop a good relationship with their teachers?A．By learning as many subjects as possible.B．By respecting other students in class.C．By finishing their homework on time.D．By developing personal interests.解析：C 细节理解题。
课时跟踪练(一) Warming Up & Reading — Pre-readingⅠ.阅读理解AEdmund Halley was an English scientist who lived over 200 years ago. He studiedthe observations of comets (彗星) which other scientists hadmade. The orbit of one particular comet was a very difficultmathematical (数学) problem. He could not figure it out. Neithercould other scientists who dealt with such problems.However, Halley had a friend named Newton, who was a brilliant mathematician. Newton though he had already worked out that problem, but he could not find the papers on which he had done it. He told Halley that the orbit of a comet had the shape of an ellipse (椭圆)．Now Halley set to work. He figured out (解决；计算出) the orbits of some of the comets that had been observed by scientists. He made a surprising discovery. The comets that had appeared in the years 1531, 1607, and 1682 all had the same orbit. Yet their appearances had been 75 to 76 years apart.This seemed very strange to Halley. The different comets followed the same orbit. The more halley thought about it, the more he thought that there had not been three different comets, as people thought. He decided that they had simply seen the same comet three times. The comet had gone away and had come back again.It was an astonishing idea! Halley felt certain enough to make a prediction (预言) of what comet would happen in the future. He decided that this comet would appear in the year 1758. There were 53 years to go before Halley's prediction could be tested. In 1758 the comet appeared in the sky. Halley did not see it, for he has died some years before. Ever since then that comet has been called Halley's comet, in his honor.A．by doing experimentsB．by means of his own careful observationC．by using the work of other scientistsD．by chance解析：选C 细节理解题。
模块综合测评(用时:120分钟满分:150分)第一部分听力(共两节,满分30分)第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分,满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后,你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
A.Strangers.B.Friends.C.Brother and sister.2.What’s the man going to do?A.He is going to have dinner.B.He is looking for a hotel.4.What does the woman want to do?A.She wants to take a bus.B.She wants to buy something.5.What is the woman probably going to do?A.She may be going to buy a book.B.She may be going to watch a play.第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分,满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项,并标在试卷的相应位置。
听每段对话或独白前,你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟;听完后,各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。
每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料,回答第6至8题。
A.Workers.B.Students.C.Teachers.7.When will they study together?A.On Saturday.B.On Sunday.8.What will they probably do on Monday?A.Go to see a film.B.Play basketball.听第7段材料,回答第9至11题。
Ⅰ.Match the word with its meaning.1．birthplace A．小说2．novel B．信封3．adventure C．出生地4．author D．奇遇；冒险5．scene E．探索；寻求6．wander F．著者；作家7．permit G．耐性；忍耐8．fault H．漫游；漫步；漂泊9．spot I．过错；缺点；故障10．seek J．发现；认出；斑点11．patience K．许可；允许；通行证；执照12．envelope L．(戏剧)一场；现场；场面；景色答案：1～5 CADFL 6～10 HKIJE 11～12 GBⅡ.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1．The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.抚养2．Go ahead for two blocks, then turn left.前进3．I found the key by accident when I was cleaning the room.偶然4．In the West people think it's rude to stare at a person.盯着看5．Good luck accounts for her being famous overnight.解释6．It doesn't seem ugly to me; on the contrary, I think it's rather beautiful.相反Do you know something about Mark Twain's stories? Match the following pictures to the names of his stories.1．Running for Go v ernor________2．《汤姆·索亚历险记》________3．The Million Pound Bank Note________4．《哈克贝利·费恩历险记》________5．Boat in Venice________答案：1～5 ADEBC1．Put the following events in correct order.①Henry wandered in London streets.②About a month ago Henry Adams was sailing out of the bay.③The next morning he was spotted by a ship.④Towards nightfall he found himself carried out to sea by a strong wind.⑤On the ship he earned his passage by working as an unpaid hand.答案：②④③⑤①2．What's the main idea of the passage?A．Two rich gentlemen made a bet on a million pound bank note.B．How did Henry Adams land in London?C．Henry Adams was puzzled about the note.D．Why did the two rich gentlemen choose Henry Adams?答案：AⅡ.CarefulreadingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1．Henry landed in Britain ________．A．because he planned to earn a living thereB．because he lost his own shipC．by accidentD．because he wanted to wander in London2．What happened to Henry when he was sailing out of the bay?A．His boat sank in a storm at sea.B．He was carried out to sea by a strong wind.C．He was attacked by some bad men at sea.D．He jumped into the sea to kill himself.3．Which of the following words can best describe Henry?A．Brave. B．Honest.C．Lazy. D．Shy.4．Which of the following is TRUE?A．Henry opened the letter before 2 o'clock.B．The two brothers would like to offer him a job.C．Roderick believed that with a million pound bank note a man could survive a month.D．Henry only wanted a job because he was penniless in London.5．How did Henry feel when the two brothers gave him the letter?A．Unhappy. B．Surprised.C．Pleased. D．Excited.答案：1～5 CBBDAⅢ.StudyreadingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1．It is Henry Adams, an American businessman, who is lost in London and does not know what he should do.[句式分析] [尝试翻译] 他叫亨利·亚当斯，是一个美国商人。
学业分层测评Ⅰ.完成句子1．他在这场事故中幸免于难，真是奇迹。
That_he_survived_the_accident is a miracle.2．他为什么又是如何去了美国至今还是个谜。
How_and_why_he_went_to America is still a mystery.3．学生们需要的是知识。
What_the_students_need is knowledge.4．任何一个违反此规章制度的人都要受罚。
Whoever_breaks_the_rule shall be punished.5．令人惊奇的是玛莉竟然获得了第一名。
It_is_surprising_that Mary should have won first place.Ⅱ.阅读理解AHave you come across much western children's literature?Most English speaking children grow up with the same delightful set of fictional (小说的) characters.The Winnie the Pooh stories involve a strange selections of animals such as a kangaroo, a pig, a donkey, a tiger, an owl and a bear, who live together in a wood, leading fairy ordinary lives.Far more exciting and dangerous events take place in The Wind in the Willo w s，the story of the foolish Mr.Toad and all his adventures.Talking animals is also the main characters in The Jungle Book and the Just So Stories.In the latter we find lots of imaginative explanations as to why the world is like what it is.Far more laughter comes from Roald Dahi's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory.Whillie Wonka is the perfect adult in the eyes of children with all his clever ideas and endless supply of sweets.Also much loved is Bilbo Baggins, the funny little rabbit, who ends up having adventures with wolves and dragons.Of course, the stories go on in the much more serious The Lord of the Rings，better read a few years later.A new star in the world of magic and children's fiction is Harry Potter，the schoolboy who learns spells rather than maths.Adventures books remain popular,too.Although well over a century old now，Treasure Island is still an enthralling story with young Jim Hawkins dealing with secret maps and pirates.Such books make childhood a time of wonder and imagination.1．Which of these is NOT mentioned as a character in The Winnie the Pooh stories?【解析】细节理解题。
A卷学业水平达标(时间：120分钟满分：150分)第Ⅰ卷第一部分：听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
(Text 1)W: What is the result of the competition, Jim?M: Well, I only got third place. I was beaten by the other two.W: Did you feel bad about it?M: Not really. It's better than nothing.(Text 2)W: Good morning. May I help you?M: Yes. We bought this washing machine last week, but it doesn't work now.W: What's wrong with it?M: I put my clothes into it and then poured in water. It simply doesn't wash.I want to exchange it for a new one.(Text 3)M: Would you like anything else?W: No, thanks. That's all I need.M: Would you like us to deliver these this afternoon?W: Oh, yes, please. That would be lovely.(Text 4)W: So you are back from your trip to India. How was it?M: Oh, not bad. But the food wasn't great.W: How about the weather?M: We had bright sunshine the whole time.(Text 5)M: What about our dinner? Eat out or at home?W: I prefer to go out. What about the restaurants downtown?M: Those expensive ones? Surely, you don't want to eat at the expensive ones.W: Not much I don't. They have the best food in town.1．What do we learn from the conversation?A．The woman felt bad about the competition.B．The man didn't get the first place.C．The man got nothing.2．What does the man want to do?A．Have the machine repaired.B．Get his money back.C．Exchange the machine.3．What has the woman just done?A．She has had a meal.B．She has bought something.C．She has had something posted.4．What was the weather like during the man's stay in India?A．Sunny. B．Cloudy. C．Rainy.5．What does the woman mean?A．She wants to eat downtown.B．She wants to eat at home.C．She doesn't like the expensive restaurants.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
Section ⅢIntegrated Skills根据提示写出下列单词1．n. 大气；大气层2．n. 环境3．n. 废料；垃圾4．v i. 融化5．n. 污染6．v. 重新利用；再循环7．adj. 关心的；担心的8．n. 根据；证明9．adj. 主要的；多数的10．adj. 紧急的11．v t. 污染12．v i. 抱怨；发牢骚13．adj. 恐怖的；吓人的14．ad v. 绝对地；完全地15．n. 保护【答案】 1.atmosphere 2.environment 3.garbage4．melt 5.pollution 6.recycle7.concerned8．evidence9.major10.urgent11.pollute12．complain13.scary14.absolutely15．protection根据提示补全下列短语1．have a bad effect 对……有坏影响2．take 吸收3．give 放出；发出4． a nutshell 简言之；概括地讲5．take 带走；运走6．look 浏览；翻阅；仔细检查【答案】 1.on 2.in 3.out 4.in 5.away 6.through根据提示补全下列教材原句1．I couldn't agree with you more．我非常同意你的观点。
2．The garbage is then taken away and，if possible，recycled.然后垃圾被运走，如果可能的话，再被回收利用。
3．The “Green” movement tries to get governments to think seriously about the environment and how to look after it.“绿色”运动尽力让政府认真地考虑环境问题以及如何保护环境。
阅读P39教材课文，选择最佳答案1．Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?A．All the countries in the world look after the environment well.B．European countries usually work hard to improve the environment.C．In Germany, people put different garbage into different bags.D．In many countries in Europe, people aren't allowed to burn too much coal.2．The “Green” movement aims at ．A．improving the living conditionsB．putting different garbage into different bagsC．calling for people to burn little coalD．getting governments to think about the environment and look after it3．Which kind of garbage can't be put into the bags?A．Paper. B．Plastic.C．Aerosol cans. D．Newspapers.4．How did the “Green” movement deal with the industry?A．By warning them not to produce pollution.B．By getting people to put different garbage into different bags.C．By collecting information and telling it to the public.D．By collecting newspapers about the industry.【答案】1－4ADCChave an effect on/upon... 对……有影响(教材P35)to have a bad effect on someone or something对某人或某物有坏影响bring/carry/put...into effect实施；使生效come/go into effect＝take effect 开始生效；开始实施①Smoking has a bad effect on your health, so you'd better give it up.吸烟对你的健康有坏的影响，因此你最好戒掉它。
Ⅰ.Match the word with its meaning.1．astronomy A．学说；理论2．system B．猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的3．theory C．大气层；气氛4．violent D．基本的；基础的5．atmosphere E．乘；增加6．fundamental F．谜；(使)迷惑7．harmful G．存在；生存8．multiply H．有害的9．exist I．天文学10．puzzle J．系统；体系；制度答案：1～5IJABC6～10DHEGFⅡ.Write down the meaning of phrases in each sentence.1．The truth will come to light in time.迟早2．As we know, laying eggs is the ant queen's full-time job.下蛋3．Once she has made up her mind, nobody can prevent her from carrying out the plan.阻止4．When it was in my turn, I was too excited to speak.轮到5．Jane has just given birth to twins, so her mother must be in the hospital looking after her now.分娩6．My relationship with the actors is fundamental to my work as a director.对……(来说)是基本的Ⅰ.No one knows exactly how the earth and life began, but ancient legends (传说) may tell us something about it. Look at the following pictures and fill in the blanks.①Picture A may tell us Pangu separates the sky from the earth.②Picture B may tell us the Goddess Nvwa mended the heaven and created human beings from the clay (黏土)．③Picture C may tell us according to the Bible God created the world in seven days.Ⅱ.Discussion: Are you interested in astronomy? Why?Yes,_I_am._Because_I_want_to_know_more_about_the_stars,_the_moon,_the_sun_and_the _universe._If_we_explored_and_studied_them_very_well,_we_can_serve_for_our_country_and_ human_beings_very_well.Ⅰ.Fast-reading1．Match the main idea with the proper paragraph.Para. 1A．The formation of the earth.Para. 2 B．A widely accepted theory about the formation of the universe.Para. 3 C．The development of plants and animals on the earth.Para. 4 D．The arrival of humans and their impact on the earth.Para. 5 E．The importance of water for life.答案：Paras.1～5BAECD2．What does the passage mainly tell us?A．The importance of water.B．How the life began on the earth.C．How human beings appeared.D．How plants appeared.答案：BⅡ.Careful-readingRead the text carefully and choose the best answer.1．Why was life able to develop on the earth but not on other planets?A．The earth had a solid shape.B．The earth didn't have harmful gases in its atmosphere.C．The water stayed on the earth but not on other planets.D．The earth was not too hot and not too cold.2．Why are plants important on the earth?A．They produce oxygen for animals.B．They provide the shade for animals.C．They provide a beautiful scene.D．They protect the soil from being destroyed.3．What is the correct order according to the text?①The clever animals with hands and feet appeared and spread all over the earth.②The “Big Bang”．③Small plants began to appear on the surface of the water.④65 million years ago, the age of the dinosaurs ended.A．②①③④B．④③①②C．②④③①D．②③④①4．Early humans appeared after dinosaurs died out ________ million years later.A．67.6 B．62.4C．65 D．140答案：1～4CADBⅢ.Study-readingAnalyze the following difficult sentences in the text.1．No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago.[尝试翻译]没有人确切地知道地球的起源，因为那是很久以前的事了。
[语法初识]原句感知自主探究[语法剖析](1)I hope to see you next week.我希望下周见到你。
(2)动词不定式的进行式：表示与主动词同时发生且动作正在进行。
The two cheats pretended to be working hard.那两个骗子假装在努力工作。
(3)动词不定式的完成式：表示不定式动作发生于主动词之前。
She seems to have cleaned the room.她似乎已打扫过房间。
(4)动词不定式的被动语态：表示与逻辑主语之间的被动关系。
She asked to be treated equally.她要求被公平对待。
He is said to have been fired.据说他已经被解雇了。
集中演练11－1.单句语法填空①He seems to understand (understand) what I said.②When I came in, he pretended to be reading (read)．③He happened to have gone (go) out when I went to see him.④The factory is reported to have already been burnt (burn) down.⑤He asked to be sent (send) to work in the countryside.1－2.完成句子⑥看到父亲睡着了，他尽量不弄出任何声响来。
Seeing his father was asleep, he tried not to make any noise．⑦她看起来比实际年龄年轻多了。
She appears to be much younger than her age.⑧明天举行的会议是关于如何控制污染的。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is about how to control the pollution.⑨对不起，给你带来了这么多的麻烦。
Ⅰ.Match the topic sentence with proper paragraph. Para.1 A．We visited the moon in our spaceship! Para.2 B．When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. Para.3 C．But returning to the earth was very frightening. Para.4 D．Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me ... the most powerful. 答案：Paras.1～4 ADBC Ⅱ.Choose the best answers according to the text. 1．When we were going up, we felt ________． A．we were pressed against our seats B．we were lighter than we are on the earth C．as if we were flying D．the rocket was shaking strongly 2．Why can't the spaceship fall back to the earth? A．Because the moon's gravity pulls it up. B．Because it is too far away from the earth. C．Because the earth has no gravity. D．Because the spaceship is not very heavy. 3．When I was on the moon, I felt I was ________ than I am on the earth. A．slower B．heavier C．cleverer D．lighter 4．If a baby is growing on the moon, when he grows up, he will grow ________ than he is on the earth. A．taller B．shorter C．fatter D．thinner 5．The passage mainly talks about ________． A．what the moon is B．my visit to the moon C．the difference between the earth and the moon D．Li Yanping, my friend, who is an astronaut 答案：1～5 ABDAB
Ⅰ.单词拼写 1．A truck went out of control and crashed (碰撞) into the back of a bus. 2．The young man knows little about Newton's law of gravity (万有引力). 3．The smell of new bread floated (飘动) up from the kitchen. 4．Don't pull (拉) so hard or the handle will go off. 5．Britain has a temperate climate (气候)． 6．Eggs are sold by weight (重量)． Ⅱ.拓展词汇 1．biology n．生物学→biologist n．生物学家 2．gentle adj.温和的；文雅的→gently adv.温和地 3．physicist n．物理学家→physics n．物理学→physical adj.物理的；物理学的；体力的 4．extinct adj.灭绝的；绝种的→extinction n．灭绝；绝种 5．weightlessly adv.失重地→weightless adj.失重的 [巧记单词]
派生词 biologist →biology＋去y＋-ist gently →gentle＋去e＋-y physicist →physics＋去s＋-ist Ⅲ.补全短语 1．block out 挡住(光线) 2．break out 突发；爆发 3．cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 4．now that 既然 5．watch out (for) 密切注视；当心；提防 6．get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解
1．[教材原句]When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's. 当我们更接近月球时，就会感到月球的引力在拉我们。但是，月球的引力不像地球的引力那么大。 [句型点拨]as ＋adj.＋a/an ＋n.＋ as意为“像„„一样的„„”。 [佳句赏析]Please give them encouragement to live as rich and full a life as you do. 请给予他们鼓励，让他们和你们一样过着丰富多彩又充实的生活。 2．[教材原句]But when I tried to step forward, I found I was carried twice as far as on the earth and fell over. 当我试着向前迈步的时候，我发觉我被送出去很远，步子的跨度竟是在地球上的两倍，因而我摔倒了。 [句型点拨]twice as far as ...属于“倍数＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as ...”结构，是一种倍数的表示方法。 [佳句赏析]Our new library is four times as large as the old one. 新图书馆是旧图书馆的4倍大。 3．[教材原句]“Oh dear，” I cried, “walking does need a bit of practice now that gravity has changed.” “天哪，”我大声说，“既然重力改变了，看来走路也的确需要练一练了。” [句型点拨]从属连词now that意为“既然”，引导让步状语从句。 [佳句赏析]Now that everybody is here, we can begin the meeting. 既然大家都到齐了，我们可以开始开会了。
[课 文 对 译] A VISIT TO THE MOON Last month I was lucky enough to have a chance to make a trip into space with my friend Li Yanping, an astronomer. We visited the moon in our spaceship! Before we left, Li Yanping explained to me that the force of gravity would change three times on our journey and that the first change would be the most powerful. Then we were off. As the rocket rose into the air, we were pushed back into our seats because we were trying to escape the pull of the earth's gravity. It was so hard that we could not say anything to each other. Gradually the weight lessened and I was able to talk to him. “Why is the spaceship not falling back to the earth? On the earth if I fall from a tree I will fall to the ground.” I asked. “We are too far from the earth now to feel its pull，” he explained, “so we feel as if there is no gravity at all. When we get closer to the moon, we shall feel its gravity pulling us, but it will not be as strong a pull as the earth's.” I cheered up immediately and floated weightlessly around in our spaceship cabin watching the earth become smaller and the moon larger. When we got there, I wanted to explore immediately. “Come on，” I said. “If you are right,
