英语修辞学2004 试卷

《英语修辞》作业I.Transference of Terms of Rhetorical Devices1.Transference of Terms of Rhetorical Devices from English to ChineseSimile ---- Allusion ------Personification ------- Parallelism -------Synaesthesia ----- Oxymoron ---Synecdoche ------ Anticlimax -------Euphemism ------ Alliteration -------Metaphor ------ Antithesis ----Transferred Epithet ------ Paradox ------Metonymy -------- climax --------Understatement ------- Repetition ----Hyperbole ----- Assonance -------2.Transference of Terms of Rhetorical Devices from Chinese to English隐喻------ 对照------移就------ 隽语------转喻---- 层递----低调陈述--- 重复------夸张------ 元韵—明喻---- 弓［喻--拟人一一一—平行通感---- 矛盾修饰----提喻一一一―突降------委婉语——头韵——II.Identify the rhetorical devices according to the given definitions.1.Ifs repetition of an initial sound, usually of a consonant or cluster, in two or more words of a phrase, line of poetry, etc.A. ParallelismB. MetonymyC. AlliterationD. Metaphor2.It's a figure of speech containing an implied comparison, in which a word or phrase ordinarily and primarily used of one thing is applied to another.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification3.It's the humorous use of words, or of words which are formed or sounded alike but have different meanings, in such a way as to play on two or more of the possible applications; a play on words.A. AllusionB. PunC. ClimaxD. Oxymoron4.It's a figure of speech that consists in using the name of one thing for that of something else with which it is associated.A. ParallelismB. MetonymyC. AlliterationD. Metaphor5.It's a statement that is not strong enough to express facts or feelings with full force; or It's a statement that expresses an idea, etc, too weakly.A. ParallelismB. ClimaxC. Rhetorical QuestionD. Understatement6.Ifs a figure of speech in which something of an unpleasant, distressing, or indelicate nature is described in less offensive terms,as in t he expressions "under the weather^, for "ill” or "passed away" for died".A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. EuphemismD. Parallelism7.It's usually an implicit reference, perhaps to another work of literature or art, to a person or an event.A. AllusionB. SimileC. Metaphor D, Synecdoche8.It's a figure of speech that consists of phrases or sentences of similar construction and meaning placed side by side, balancing each other.A. ParallelismB. AntithesisC. IronyD. Repetition9.It's a figure of speech that combines incongruous and apparently contradictory words and meaning for a special effect.A. AllusionB. PunC. ClimaxD. Oxymoron10.It is a sentence in which the last part expresses something lower than the first. In fact, a bathetic declension from a noble tone to one less exalted. The effect can be comic and is often intended to be so.A. RepetitionB. AnticlimaxC. ParadoxD. Climax11.Ifs a figure of speech in which one thing is likened to another, in such a way as to clarify and enhance an image. It is an explicit comparison.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification12.It's a figure of speech in which human qualities and abilities are attributed to inanimate objects, animals, abstractions, and eventsA. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. Simile D, Personification13.It's a figure of speech in which a sensation produced in one modality when a stimulus is applied to another modality, as when the hearing of a certain sound induces the visualization of a certain colorA. SynaesthesiaB. AntithesisC. OxymoronD. Metonymy14.It's a figure of speech in which a part is used for a whole, an individual for a class, a material for thing, or reverse of any of these.A. SimileB. MetaphorC. AllusionD. Synecdoche15.It's a figure of speech that greatly exaggerates the truth.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification16.The rhetorical opposing or contrasting of ideas by means of grammatically paralleled arrangements of words, clauses, or sentencesA. SynaesthesiaB. AntithesisC. Oxymoron D, Metonymy17.It refers to the repeating of any element in an utterance, including sound... a word or phrase, a pattern of accents., or an arrangement of lines...A. RepetitionB. AntithesisC. AlliterationD. Parallelism18.It's a method of humorous or subtly sarcastic expression in which the intended meaning of the words used is the direct opposite of their usual sense.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. IronyD. Simile19.It's a literary or artistic work that imitates the characteristic style of an author or a work for comic effect or ridicule.A. MetaphorB. PunC. Simile D, Parody20. A figure of speech in which a single word, usually a verb or adjective, is syntactically related to two or more words, with only one of which it seems logically connected.A. RepetitionB. AntithesisC. Zeugma D, ParallelismIII.Identify the rhetorical devices employed by the boldfaced words in the following sentences.1.O dear! O dear! What shall I do? I have lost my love and my lipstick too.A. RepetitionB. AnticlimaxC. ParadoxD. Climax2. Australia isA. so kind, just tickle herwithB. Hyperbolea hoe, and she laughs withharvest.C. SimileD.Personification3. My heart is like a singing bird.A. MetaphorB. ParodyC. SimileD. Oxymoron4.When Della had finished crying, she went to the window and looked out sadly at a grey cat walking along a grey fence in a grey back-yard.A. ParallelismB. AntithesisC. IronyD. Repetition5.On the 14th of March, at a quarter to three in the afternoon, the great living thinker ceased to think. He had been left alone for scarcely two minutes, and when we came back we found him in his armchair, peacefully gone to sleep but—— forever.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. EuphemismD. Parallelism6.O, wind, if winter comes, can spring be far behind?A. Parallelism B, Climax C. Rhetorical Question D, Understatement7.Of all the students in the class I like him the best.A. AnastropheB. AnticlimaxC. Rhetorical Question D, Understatement8.You can ask him for the meaning of the word. He is like a walking dictionary.A. MetaphorB. Hyperbole9. Books are the ever-burning lamps.C. Simile D.OxymoronA. MetaphorB. Hyperbole10. Money makes the mare go. C. Simile D.OxymoronA. ParadoxB. AssonanceC. AlliterationD. Simile11.There was an audible stillness, in which the common voice sounded strange.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Oxymoron12.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Oxymoron13.One teacher writes that instead of drowning students9compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them.A. ParallelismB. Transferred EpithetC. Alliteration D, Metaphor14.He looked at me with a bitter look.A. SynaesthesiaB. AntithesisC. OxymoronD. Metaphor15.---Why are Sunday and Saturday the strongest days in a week?---Because the rest are week (weak) days.A. MetaphorB. PunC. SimileD. Irony16.All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players.A. AntithesisB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification17.---Why can you never expect a fisherman to be generous?---Because his business make him sell fish (selfish).A. MetaphorB. PunC. SimileD. Irony18.Women were running out to the line of march, crying and laughing and kissing the men good-bye.A. AntithesisB. HyperboleC. RepetitionD. Parallelism19.Money is a bottomless sea, in which honor, conscience, and truth may be drowned.A. MetaphorB. PunC. SimileD. Irony20.1wish I could write better.A. PunB. HyperboleC. ClimaxD. UnderstatementIV.Identify the rhetorical devices employed in the following sentences.1.Praise is like sunlight to the human spirit we cannot flower and grow without it.( )2.One teacher writes that instead of drowning students5 compositions in critical red ink, the teacher will get far more constructive results by finding one or two things which have been done better than last time, and commenting favorably on them. ( )3.And, it being low water he went out with the tide.( )4.They were short of hands at harvest time. ( )5.In the dock, she found scores of arrows piercing her chest. ( )6.With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.( )7.The drunkard smashed the glasses, upturned the table, and hit an old woman.( )8.One mad action is not enough to prove a man mad. ( )9.He intended to take an opportunity this afternoon of speaking to Irene. A word in time saves nine.( )10.No X in Nixon.( )11.All the world's a stage, and all the men and women merely players. ( )12.He looked at me with a bitter look.( )13.The man is no fool. ( )14.You want your pound of flesh, don't you? ( )15.The child is father of the man.( )16.Perhaps, perhaps Mera might come. ( )17. A professor tapped on his desk and shouted, "Gentlemen, order!”The entire class yelled, "Beer." ( )18.1used to organize my father's tools, my mother's kitchen utensils, my sister's boyfriends.( )19. A man from the continent was traveling in England. He had caught a very bad cold. He coughed day and night... Heput on his coat and hat and went to a chemisfs. When asked what he wanted, the traveler said, “I want something for my cow, please.,, ( )20.Have you ever been to an Irish Wedding? I have just returned from one...21. Wit without learning is like a tree without fruit. (22.1 fall upon the thorns of life! I bleed!( )23.The senator pledged to oppose war, fight poverty, protect individual freedom and name a new state flowen ( )24.It is a quarter to five in the morning, the sun has already climbed above the horizon; the birds are busy celebratingthe new day and have eagerly been in search of food.( )25.Who wouldn't have dreamed of becoming rich overnight?( )26.What she had said I didn't hear.( )V.Two or more than two rhetorical devices are used in the following sentences. Read and select the rhetorical devices in each sentence.1.Time is like a fashionable host, that slightly shakes his passing guest by the band; and with his arms stretched, as he would fly, grasps in the comer. The welcomes ever smile, and farewell goes out sighing.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification2.The seed ye sow, another reaps;The wealth ye find, another keeps;The robes ye weave, another wears;The arms ye forge, another bears.A. ParallelismB. AntithesisC. Alliteration D, Repetition3.Every man has in himself a continent of undiscovered character. Happy is he who acts the Columbus to his own soul.A. SimileB. MetaphorC. Allusion D, Synecdoche4.Miss Bolo went straight home in a flood of tears and a sedan chair.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Syllepsis5.These little thoughts are the rustles of leaves; they have their whisper of joy in my mind.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification6. A drop of ink may make a million think.A. PunB. AntithesisC. AlliterationD. Metonymy7.How soon hath Time, the subtle thief of youth, stolen on his wing my three and twentieth year!A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification8.She did experiments after experiments. There was failure, success, more failure, a little success, a little more success.A. Metonymy B, Climax C. Hyperbole D, Repetition9.The mother is undergoing the joyful pain, and the painful joy of childbirth.A. HyperboleB. AntithesisC. Oxymoron D, Metonymy10.Why are lawyers all uneasy sleepers? Because they lie first on one side and then on the other, and remain wide wake all the time.A. PunB. AnticlimaxC. Rhetorical QuestionD. Understatement11. A lie can travel half way around the world while the truth is putting on its shoes.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification12.It is useless for the sheep to pass resolutions in favor of vegetarianism while the wolf remains of a different opinion.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. SimileD. Personification13.He was such a marvelous teacher that whenever he recognized a spark of genius you could be sure he'd water it.A. MetaphorB. UnderstatementC. IronyD. Paradox14.Polly, I love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars and the constellation of out space.A. PunB. HyperboleC. ClimaxD. Understatement15.Then Night, like some great loving mother, gently lays her hand at our fevered head, and turns our little tear-stained face up to hers, and smiles.A. MetaphorB. HyperboleC. Simile D, Personification16.On Sunday they pray for you and on Monday they prey on you.A. AntithesisB. ParallelismC. AlliterationD. PunVI.Revise the following sentences with the given rhetorical devices.1.David's beloved grandfather passed away last week.2.He looked at me with a sad look.3.Sorry, my pocket can't afford such a pair of shoes.4.1never believe until then that any meal could defeat me, but on that day I met my Waterloo.5.Her hostility melted.6.She is lovely, kind-hearted and has a quick mind.7.1was knocked down by a motorcycle, but it was not serious.8.He is a man of wide experience and who is also very popular with the farmers.9.To chew carefully and eating slowly are necessary for good digestion.10.On the train I met with a girl from my hometown and who just graduated from Tianjin University with MA degree.11.My heart is like a singing bird.12.She is as cool as a cucumber..13.They were short of hands at harvest time.14.The bad news was a dagger into her heart.15.They stormed the speaker with questions.16.He looked at me with a bitter look17.You want your pound of flesh?18.He doesn't have an idea of his own. He just parrots what other people say.19.His grandfather passed away recently.20.Her happiness vanished like the morning dew.VII.Find the rhetorical devices employed in the following passage.AA Dream of Rainbow(1)When I was small, I often gazed into the sky, It was bright blue, with a few sheets of cloud floating. Especially after a rain, after a rain, there would appear a splendid and glamorous rainbow, which was like a great bridge hung in the sky. How I wished I had been an eagle soaring up to the bridge! I was obsessed with it. Grandma told me that in the heaven lived supernatural beings, and that it was the kind-hearted and well-behaved people who could step into the heaven through the rainbow. She taught me to be a good boy; then I would have a chance to walk on the rainbow some day.(2)It was a beautiful dream. Gradually, I grew up to be a high school student. However, I buried myself in lesson, exercises and even boring tests all day long. Day in and day out. Such a pressing routine has deprived me of my interest as well as my chance to gaze into the sky.(3)I n the summer of 1998,after finished the college entrance examination, I had time for relaxing myself at last. One day, shortly after a heavy thundershower, I opened the window and then pleasant smells of the earth greeted me. I couldn't help breathing deeply with my eyes closed. After some while, I opened my eyes satisfactorily. Just guess what I saw. The blue sky! Or rather the blue-gray sky. It seemed that I met an old friend, who had changed so much that I could hardly recognize him. I craned my head out to look for the rainbow of which I have a deep love. But to my disappointment, she didn't appear in the sky. Why could it be that!(4)Now, I come to understand it is the pollution that made the rainbow so strange to me and compelled her to be away from me. In the past few years, economic prosperity has been greatly promoted at the cost of air and environmental pollution. As result,while people are enjoying the prosperity, they are suffering a great deal from pollution. No wonder scientists say this is the revenge of nature! It is never too late to mend anyhow. Now more and more people have become coolly aware of its harmful consequences; and effective measures have been taken for anti-pollution. I believe that pollution will be able to disappear in the near future and our sky will be able to renew its bright blue as it used to.(5)L ast night, I dreamed a beautiful dream: I saw a rainbow that has been never seen for ages. Then I flew in the sky to the rainbow as If I had wings. When I landed on such a gorgeous bridge, all supernatural beings gave me a warm welcome...Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph (1) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (2) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (3) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (4) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (5) _____________________________________________________BThe Olympic Aspiration of an Ordinary Chinese Farmer(1)T he Beijing's bid for the 2008 Olympics reflects the common aspiration of the 1.3 billion Chinese people. Apart from Beijing, every city of China has been launching a series of rich and varied supporting activities. However, the country folks are no less enthusiastic than the town people, and they have their own way. Comparatively speaking, the events in cities are tremendous in power and grandeur; while the activities in the countryside are like a gentle breeze and a mild rain. The earnest aspiration of rural resident for the Olympic bid can be mirrored just from an ordinary Chinese farmer my uncle, who is 68 years old, living ina small village about 100km east of Shijiazhuang, Hebei Privine.(2)During the week-long Labour Day holiday, I went to see him. I was very happy to find him hale and hearty. But nine years ago, he suffered from severe T.B. Ever since his recovery a year later, he has taken exercise: doing Taijiquan, kicking shuttlecock, especially having a long walk every morning at all seasons. His good health is attributed to his regular physical exercise, and he thus realize what an important role it plays in building up the health of a person as well as that of the whole nation.(3)Last year, when he heard the news on TV that Beijing decided to participate in the bid for hosting the 2008 Olympic Games, he felt quite excited and threw himself into fervent support. Since then, reading newspapers becomes a must every day. He has accumulated an intimate knowledge of the Olympics, such as its brief history, its creed, its motto,(4)My visit to him was turned into a sole conversation about the Olympics. After a comprehensive analysis, he told me that he has one gratification and one anxiety about the Beijing's bid. His gratification is that the Beijing's bid enjoys worldwide support, and most countries in the world favor Beijing as a host of the 2008 Summer Games. As to his anxiety, that is Paris and Toronto are the two most formidable rivals for Beijing. Over 90 per cent of all 123 IOC members have ever been to Paris, but only 40 per cent have been to Beijing. More unfavorably, the US congress created all sorts of obstacles in an attempt to block China's bidding wheel. "What does it matter if we meet some difficulties?" he said resolutely. " I am still confident of the final success.,, He expressed his hope that he would go to Beijing to watch the Games in 7 years.(5)Now, the rural areas have seen a steadily growing economy, The great majority of farmers enjoy a high standard of living. They know that the hosting of the Games will be a boost to the country's economic prosperity and tourism, and can bringthem a better life. At the same time, people from all over the world can get a good opportunity to see through sport a real China ——its honest and hospitable people, its ancient and splendid culture, its 300-year-old and vitalizing capital, its rural scenery, its historical sites, its scenic attraction...(6)The Beijing 2008 Summer Olympics is being longed for by all Chinese people from as high as state leaders to as country folks like my uncle.Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph (1) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (2) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (3) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (4) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (5) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (6) _______________________________________________________CAn Unforgettable Trip(1)The train was cracking for Qinhuangdao --------- a beautiful city which I had been longing for, and which often appeared in my dreams. My thoughts had already flown out to the sea: the red sun shining in the sky, millions of shells and pebbles on the beach, lots of people playing in the water, and the waves breaking and foaming. With the dreamlike scene, smile crept up and stayed on my face. Four hours passed, and we arrived at our destination late at night.(2)We set out very early the next morning. Just several minutes later, the wind brought us the scent of the sea, and the sea greeted us. Jumping off the car, I ran wildly along the shore. I was amazed at the vast surface and the blue water, which were far more magnificent than I had imaged. Some birds were flying above and singing beautiful songs; A coupleof ships were sailing at a distance; the sea and the sky converged in the distance so that I couldn,t tell one from another. Throwing off my shoes, I stepped into the water ------------------------- w aves lightly patting my legs, gentle breeze kissing my checks,fresh air penetrating my lungs. I couldn't help shouting loudly to release my deep depression.(3)Just a month ago, I failed the postgraduate entrance exam against 3 points. God treated me so unfairly that I almost lost my confidence in the future. But now facing the vast sea , I felt how small I was, and how insignificant my personal gains and losses were. The grandeur of nature relaxed me a lot and gave me much inspiration. The world isn't as dismal as I thought. Before this I had only seen the dark side of the coin instead of both. It is true that I often met with troubles, but worries, troubles, even misfortune are not everything. Life is beautiful yet transient so that I shouldn,t sink into depression all the time. Instead, as a youth,I should embrace life and enjoy life. I once read a philosophical saying from a book : " Yesterday is an invalid check; tomorrow isa kind of deposit which can't be used; today is the money in front of you.^^ So I must value today and let yesterday go and let all gloominess go. Woken up from the meditation by gust of hailing, I found the sun jumping above sea, it lights made everything bright. I cried, " A new day is coming.^,(4)Now, I have learned to love life. I can find happiness and beauty from my surrounding: the bright sun, the blue sky, the green grass, the beautiful flowers, the singing bird, the smiling faces---all can bring me joy and satisfaction. Oh, an unforgettabletrip.Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph (1) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (2) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (3) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (4) _______________________________________________________DSingers Shouldn't Earn More Than Composers(1)With the steady growth in the county's economy as well as the people's living standard, people attach more importance to the colorful cultural life. As a result, many pop stars rise to fame overnight, even making a huge fortune a year. On the other hand, the composers of popular songs that make these singers famous earn only a small fraction of what these " noted stars" earn. Recently, this phenomenon has aroused wide concern, and heated public debate has arisen.(2)The pains and gains of the so-called stars are not matched. One hour's performance may bring them thousand of yuan, while the composers are too far behind to catch up, so it is unfair and discouraging, Most of the composers, as we know, are musicians and experts in music who devote themselves to research and composition of knowledge. Singing stars are always the idols of youngsters. Many of them get rich quick without toil and sweat, thereby making youngsters disbelieve in the maxim " No pains, no gains,,; some of them even have an extravagant and wasteful way of living, which is tremendously tempting and misleading.(3)Of course, every thing has two faces. It goes without saying that the stars enrich people's entertainment and make our life colorful; anyhow, the bright side should not keep us from criticizing its dark one.(4)All in all, I should say that the pop stars do not deserve such high payment than composers do. The government should levy heavier income tax on these stars in order to narrow the gap between the income of so-called pop stars and that of composers.Rhetorical Devices used:Paragraph (1) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (2) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (3) _______________________________________________________Paragraph (4) _______________________________________________________《英语修辞》作业参考答案1.明喻引喻拟人平行通感矛盾修饰法提喻突降委婉语头韵隐喻对照移就隽语转喻层递低调陈述重复夸张元韵2.Metaphor Antithesis TransferredEpithet ParadoxMetonymy Climax Understatement Repetitio nHyperbole Assonance Simile Allusion Personification Parallelism Synaesthesia Oxymoron Synecdoche Anticlimax Euphemism AlliterationII.1. C (Alliteration)2. A (Metaphor)3. B (Pun)4. B (Metonymy)5. D (Understatement)6.C (Euphemism)7. A (Allusion)8. A (Parallelism)9. D (Oxymoron) 10. B. (Anticlimax) 11. C (Simile) 12.D (Personification)13. A (Synaesthesia) 14. D(Synecdoche) 15. B (Hyperbole) 16.B (Antithesis); 17. A (Repetition) 18. C (Irony) 19. D (Parody) 20. C. (Zeugma) III.I. B (Anticlimax)3. C (Simile)5. C (Euphemism)7. A (Anastrophe)9. A (Metaphor)II. D (Oxymoron)13. B (Transferred Epithet) 15. B (Pun)17. B (Pun)19. A (Metaphor)IV.1.Simile4.Synecdoche7. Climax10.Palindrome13. Understatement16.Repetition19. Malapropism22. Metaphor2. D (Personification)4. D (Repetition)6. C (Rhetorical Question)8. C (Simile)10. C (Alliteration)12. C (Simile)14. A (Synaesthesia)16. C (Simile)18 D (Parallelism)20. D (Understatement)3.Euphemism6. Parallelism9.Parody12. Synaesthesia15.ParadoxZeugma 21,Simile24.Simile2. Transferred Epithet5. Hyperbole8. Assonance11. Metaphor14. Allusion17. Pun20. Rhetorical Question23. Anticlimax;。

英语修辞学考试试题英语修辞学考试试题i、单项选择题(本大题共20小题，每题2分，共40分)choose the best answer from the choices given:1. in the end ， he __________. [ ]a. got invitedb. gets invitedc. was invitedd. was to be invited2. he wore dark glasses to avoid __________. [ ]a. having been spottedb. to be spottedc. spottedd. being spotted3. a new theory __________ before it can be put into practice. [ ]a. must be testedb. be testedc. can be testedd. to be tested4. sooner than __________ for others，she started her own business.[ ]a. workingb. workedc. to workd. work5. i can‘t afford as __________ car as this one. [ ]a. expensive ac. a more expensived. a most expensive,6. do what i tell you -__________～ [ ]a. or elseb. or soc. and thatd. and do7. this is the house __________ windows were broken. [ ]a. whoseb. whichc. itsd. of which8. a hot shower， a cup of milk， a bag of potato chips， and thena good sleep __________ the luxury that he needed after the examination. [ ]a. areb. wasc. wered. is,9. every drop of tears， every moan out of pain and every cry for help then __________ like knife cutting deep into his heart. [ ]a. wasb. arec. wered. is10. i expect all the letters __________ promptly. [ ]a. being typedc. having been typedd. to have been typed11. the information was later admitted __________ from unreliable sources. [ ]a. to be obtainedb. to have been obtainedc. that it has been obtainedd. that it was obtained12. for a child to give up less mature idea for a more sophisticate one，it requires that the child_____________ psychologically ready for the new idea. [ ]a. isb. bec. wered. would be13. we still have a lot of problems __________. [ ]a. unsolvedb. unsolvingc. unsolved. to be unsolved14. he regretted __________ her the truth. [ ]a. having toldb. to have toldc. had toldd. to tell15. domestic-made tv sets are not __________ imported ones at all. [ ]a. more inferior thanb. inferior toc. inferior thand. more inferior as16. __________ by accident __________ by design， he arrived toolateto help us. [ ]a. not only……but alsob. neither……norc. whether……ord. both……and17.__________ ， he managed to remain among the top 5% of his class. [ ]a. to work hard as he didb. working hard as he didc. work hard as he didd. worked hard as he did,18. they left the door open __________ to hear the baby. [ ]a. so as for meb. so that mec. in order for med. and for me19. new machinery __________ arriving tomorrow. [ ]a. will beb. isc. ared. shall be20. the family __________ able to come to a unanimous consent that the child must be operated on as quickly as possible. [ ]a. wereb. isc. ared. wasii.多项选择题(本大题共5小题，每题2分，共10分)fill in the blanks with one of the items given below:21. from __________ time we learned to count， __________ of us knewhow old we‘d be in the year 2000.the， a， every， none， all22. the winter olympics did not prove especially popular among americans this year. first，the weather was __________ historical disaster from the beginning of the events. __________ snow began falling the very first day.a， the， any， some， all23. __________ of us decides what to take into the future and what to leave be hind. that‘s why__________ arriv al of the year 2000 has become such a personal moment.each， every， all， the， a24. i __________ coffee， give me some tea.will go， have gone， go， through， off， on25. put the food where the cat__________ it.didn‘t come，has come，can’t come，at ，around，withiii.填空题(本大题共20小题，每题2分，共40分)fill in the blanks with an appropriate unit noun:26. a __________ of coughing27. a __________ of lightning28. a __________ of bees29. a __________ of advicefill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb or verbphrasegiven:30. jane appears as though she __________(know) the secret.31. two players __________(send) off the field during lastsaturday‘s match.32. i‘ve forgotten to return the key of the safe. people__________(must look) everywhere for it.fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator:33. it was an island __________ name i have forgotten.34. he carried his luggage all the way home， __________ wasactually unnecessary.35. he soon made it clear __________ he had asked for a meeting.36. the police arrived， after __________ the situation becamecalmer.fill in the blank with an appropriate conjunct:37. we visited nimes ad arles， __________ ， two ancient cities.38. he has not paid his debts and， __________ ， he has nointentionof paying.39. they‘ll be back in an hour. __________ ， we could play chess.fill in the blank with an appropriate pronoun:40. the only thing __________ impresses me is her directness.41. he is a top student at school， __________ his brother never was.fill in the blank with an appropriate preposition:42. i hid my gun __________ the pillow.43. i don‘t go __________ men of his type.fill in the blank with an appropriate form of the word given:44. jane is hardly __________(smart) than mrs. white.45. she is the __________(tall) of the two.iv.改错题(本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分)correct errors in the following sentences:46. we must hurry， other wise the meeting will begin when we get there.47. i think the students see too many love stories these days to be realistic.48. the company has promised a rise to salary for ages， but nothinghas happened yet.49. he suddenly saw the answer to the problem that has occupied his mind for the last two years.50. please do not smoke until after the plane takes off.英语修辞学试题参考答案i. 单项选择题(每小题2分，共40分)1、a2、d3、a4、d5、a6、a7、a8、c9、a10、b 11、b 12、b 13、a 14、a 15、b 16、c 17、b18、c 19、b 20、aii. 多项选择填空题(每小题2分，共10分，)21. the ， all (共2分，一格1分)22. a， some (共2分，一格1分)23. each， the (共2分，一格1分)24. have gone off (共2分，一格1分)25. can‘t come at (共2分，一格1分)iii. 填空题(每题2分，共40分)26. fit 27. flash 28. swarm, 29. piece, 30. had known31. were sent 32. must have been looking 33. whose34. which 35. why 36. which 37. that is 38. worse still39. meanwhile 40. that (用which应看作错误) 41. which (用who应看作错误) 42. under 43. for 44. smarter 45. taller iv. 改错题(每小题2分，共10分)correct errors in the following sentences:46. we must hurry， otherwise the meeting will have begun when weget there.47. i think the students are seeing too many love stories these days to be realistic.48. the company has been promising a rise to salary for ages，but nothing has happened yet. 49. he suddenly saw the answer to the problems that had occupied his mind for the last two years.50. please do not smoke until after the plane has taken off.。

2004年下半年英语（二）试题及答案2004年下半年高等教育自学考试全国统一命题考试英语二第一部分选择题（共50分）I. V ocabulary and Structure (10 point, 1 point for each item) 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．1. It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from to moment. A. time B. moment C. period D. instant2. It may be worth remembering that John Major didn’t himself go to Oxford, most of his ministers did. A. after B. since C. while D. if3. The effects of rapid travel the body are far more disturbing than we realize. A. on B. in C. for D. to4. Her powers of persuasion were no avail. A. for B. by C. with D. to5. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the of all shaking hands with you. A. process B. prospect C. precedent D. presence6. It is the right to change employers which employment from slavery. A. distinguishes B. derives C. releases D. relieves7. It is touching to see how a cat or dog itself to a family and wants to share in all its goings and comings. A. sacrifices B. opposes C. exposes D. attaches8. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties . A. rise B. raise C. arise D. arouse9. The challenge is not one of expansion , the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has come to an end. A. As a result B. By all means C. In contrast D. On the contrary 10. Management often works hard to set up a situation work is done in series. A. that B. where C. which D. whatII. Cloze Test (10 points, 1 point for each item) 下列短文中有十个空格，每个空格有四个选项．根据上下文要求选出最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．Maybe you know that the letter “V”stands for Victory in western countries. But do you know the 11 of the sign? During World War II, Europe was occupied by the Germans. A lot of people 12 to Britain. Among them was one Belgian (比利时人) 13 Victor Dalveli. He loved his country very much. And every day, he used shortwave radio to broadcast to the Belgian people, calling 14 them to resist the German occupies. On the last day of 1940, he asked his countrymen to write the 15 “V” wherever they could to show their determination to win the final victory. In a few days, it appeared everywhere. 16 , it spread to the other occupied countries in Europe. Because it was simple and 17 it soon became very popular. When friends met, they stretched out 18 middle and index fingers to greet each other. At that time, in certain restaurants, knives and forks were placed in such a way 19 form a “V”. And in some clock shops clocks were purposely stopped 20 11:05 to show the sign of “V”. 11. A. meaning B. shape C. history D. definition 12. A. had escaped B. escaped C. have escaped D. escape 13. A. naming B. being named C. named D. to name 14. A. up B. out C. on D. off 15. A. letter B. alphabet C. expression D. word 16. A. Latter B. Later C. Late D. Lately 17. A. meaningful B. energetic C. magnifice nt D. interesting 18. A. his B. their C. one’s D. everybody’s 19. A. in order to B. so as to C. so to D. as to 20. A. on B. in C. by D. atIII. Reading Comprehension (30 points, 2 points for each item) 从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑．Passage OneQuestions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.In reading the world’s great literature on human excellence and personal success, I’ve found that to launch ourselves into a life of true success we need to satisfy one basic condition: pursue our vision with stubborn (顽强的) consistency. The biggest difference between people who succeed and those who don’t is not usually talent but persistence. On my way to work one morning, I met Rudy Ruettiger, who is now a motivational speaker. He has grown up in Joliet, listening to stories about Notre Dame and dreaming of one day playing football there. Friends told him he wasn’t a good enough student to be admitted. So he gave up his dream and went to work in a power plant. Then a friend was killed in an accident at work. Shocked, Rudy suddenly realized that life is too short not to pursue your dreams. In 1972, at the age of 23, he enrolled at Holy Cross Junior College in South Bend, Ind. He got good enough grades to transfer to Notre Dame, where he finally ma de the football team as a member of the “scout team”, the players who help the teamprepare for games. Rudy was living his dream, almost. But he wasn’t allowed to suit up for the games themselves. The next year, after Rudy requested it, the coach told Rudy he could put on his uniform for the season’s final game. And there he sat, on the Notre Dame bench during the game. A student started shouting, “We want Rudy!”Soon others joined in. Finally, at the age of 27, with 27 seconds left to play, Rudy Ruettiger was sent onto the field-and made the final tackle (阻截). So his team won the game. When I met Rudy 17 year later, it was in the parking lot outside Notre Dame stadium (体育场), where a camera crew was filming scenes for Rudy, a motion picture about his life. His story illustrates that there is no limit to where your dreams can take you. 21. The writer believes that the key to achieving success is . A. developing one’s talent B. seizing opportunities C. having wide vision D. sticking to one’s goal 22. According to the passage, Rudy once gave up his dream of playing football for Notre Dame because . A. his friend was killed there B. his foot was injured in an accident C. he lacked confidence in himself D. he failed in the entrance examination 23. Rudy quit his job in the power plant because . A. his friend encouraged him to B. his outlook on life changed C. he was disappointed in his future D. he was shocked by his friend’s death 24. Rudy was transferred to Notre Dame . A. as a good student B. as a good player C. with the help of a coach D. with the help of a friend 25. A camera crew was making a movie about Rudy’s life because . A. Rudy was the oldest player at Notre Dame B. Rudy succeeded in realizing his dream C. Rudy was the best speaker at Notre Dame D. Rudy succeeded in developing his abilityPassage TwoQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.NASA, the U.S. space agency, believes there’s a good chance that we’re not alone in the universe. Last fall, NASA began a new project called the High Resolution Microwave Survey (HRMS). Its aim: to find evidence of life in one of the billions of galaxies in the universe. The search for intelligent life on other planets isn’t new. It began almost 100 years ago. That’s when scientists built a huge transmitt er to send radio waves into space. Scientists thought smart beings on other planets might pick up the signals. Scientists also have sent a message about humans and our solar system to a nearby constellation (星座). But because the constellation is 25,000 light years away, a return message wouldn’t reach Earth for 50,000 years! So don’t wait up for an answer. So far, no extraterrestrial (地球外的) beings that we know of have returned our “calls.”But according to Dr. Jill Tarter, an HRMS scientist, we haven’t exactly had our ears wide open. “Now, how ever,” says Dr. Tarter, “we’ve built the tools we need to listen well.” Last October, Dr. Tarter switched on the largest radio receiver in the world. It’s an enormous metal bowl stretching 1,000 feet across a valley in Puerto Rico. Meanwhile, another NASA scientist turned on a huge radio receiver in California’s Mojave Desert. NASA hopes these big dishes-and others around the world-will pick up radio signals from new world. Dr. Frank Drake has been searching for life in outer space for years. He explains the HRMS project this way: To listen to your radio, you move the tuner on the dial until the channels come in loud and clear: Now imagine radio receivers that scan our galaxy “listening” to 14 million channels every second. That’s what NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are doing. But that’s not all. Powerful computers hooked to the receivers examine every signal carefully. The computers try to match the signals to ones that scientists already recognize, such as human-made signals. If they can’t, Drake and Tarter check on them. “It could prove there is radio technology elsewhere in the universe,”says Dr. Tarter. “And that would mean we’re not alone.”26、NASA scientists started a new project in order to _______. A、discover life in other galaxies B、send human beings into space C、find evidence of a new galaxy D、confirm the number of galaxies27、According to Dr.Jill Tarter ,the reason why we haven’t received any return any return messages from outer space is that_______. A、our ears are not sharp enough to hear them B、our equipment hasn’t been good enough C、it takes millions of yuars for them to reach us D、it takes quite a long time to send them28、Dr.Jill Tarter compares the large receiver to _______. A、the human ear B、the universe C、a metal bowl D、a huge dish29、According to Dr.Frank Drake ,NASA’s radio receivers in Puerto Rico and California are _______. A、trying to check on every channel carefully B、moving the tuner on the dial for clear channels C、scanning the universe for possible signals D、picking up radio signals from new world30、The best title of this passage is ________. A、Signals from the Space B、The Invention of New Radio ReceiversC、The Intelligent Life in Outer SpaceD、NASA Listens for Space NeighborsPassage ThreeQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Even a careful motorist(开汽车的人) may commit a motoring offence (违法).In this case, he will appear in a police court .This is a court ruled by a judge without a jury (陪审团).A judge has powers to pass sentence for relatively minor offences only ;serious charges are dealt with by a judge and a jury. In certain cases, a motoring offender may choose to go before a judge and a jury ,instead of appearing before just a judge .A court is also used for the conduct of preliminary investigations to dedermine whether or not a motoring offender shall appear for trial in a higher court. When his case comes up in court ,the motorist hears his name called by the clerk of the court, and comes forward to identify himself.The judge then calls for the policeman who charged the offender and asks him to give evidence. He is expected to ive an account of what happened when the offence was committed and to mention any special circumstances.For example the offence may have been partly due to the foolishness of another motorist.It would be unwise for the motoring offender to exaggerate this.It will not help his case to try to blame someone else for his own mistake. If you are guilty ,it is of course wise to admit it and say you’re sorry for committing the offence and taking up the court’s t ime .Judges are not heartless and a motorist may be lucky enough to hear one say：“You’ve got good reasons ,but you have broken the law and I’ll have to impose a fine .Pay five pounds.Next case.”Some short-tempered people forget that both policemen and judges have a public duty to perform,and aren rude to them. This does not pay! A judge will not let off an offender merely because he is respectful,but a polite law-breaker may certainly hope that the judge will extend him what tolerance the law permits.31、Even a careful motorist may be asked to go to a police court for______. A、an injury B、a motoring offenceC、refusing to pay a fineD、being rude to the policeman32、The underlined word “one ”(paragraph 5) refers to _____. A、a jury member B、a police officer C、a motoristD、a judge33、A motoring offender is usually charged by ______. A、a judge B、a jury C、a policeman D 、another motorist34、It is foolish for a motoring offender to _______. A 、overstate another motorist’s mistake B 、mentionsomeone else’s foolishness C 、argue that he is not guilty D 、choose to go before a jury35、If a man knows that he is guilty, he should ______. A、be polite to the policeman and the judge B、try his best to appear before just a judge C 、save the court’s time and pay the fine D 、admit the wrong and say sorry to the court第二部分非选择题（共50分）Ⅳ.Word Spelling(10 points,1point for two items)36. 乐意地，容易地ad. r_______ 37.日常工作，常规n. r______ 38.多数，大半n. m_______ 39. 永恒的，不断的a. c______ 40. 偏袒的，部分的a. p_______ 41. 漆工，画家n. p______ 42. 跳跃，飞跃v. l______ 43.易管理的a. m_______ 44.缩短，减少vi. S______ 45. 软毛，毛皮n. f_______ 46.意图，打算n. I_______ 47. 情形，身份n. s________ 48. 软管，地铁n. t________ 49. 口头的，口的a. o_______ 50. 牺牲品，受害者n. v_______ 51.鉴赏，感谢vt. a_______ 52.目标，球门n. g______ 53.装置，方法n. d_______ 54.分配，委派vt. a______ 55.娱乐，消遣n. a______Ⅴ.Word Form56. Should doctors be allowed_________(take) the lives of others? 57. Two of _________(big) earthquakes that were ever recorded tood place in China and Alaska. 58. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic in volume ,the music ______(become) as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand. 59. Every decision has constraints _______(base ) on policies, procedures ,laws, precedents ,and the like. 60. The more seriously this is sought ,________(likely ) positive attitudes towards leisure as well academic work will be encouraged. 61. Attempts to break up this old system _______(make ) in every presidential election in the past one hundred years. 62.These mineplanets ,together with the sun ,make up what _______(call) our solar system. 63. Nations are classified as “aged ”when they have 7% or more of their people aged 65 or above ,and by about 1970 every one of the advanced countries______(become) like this. 64. -----------（watch）over by guards with guns, the convicts raised their legs in unison and made their way to the edge of the highway. 65.Either of these factors could account for some individuals ------------(be) able to do well using inefficient methods.Ⅵ将下列各句译成英语66.我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。

2004年10月全国高等教育自学考试现代语言学试题Ⅰ。

Directions：Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A，B，C or D in the brackets.（2%×10=20%） 1.Chomsky uses the term （）to refer to the actual realization of a language user‘s knowledge of the rules of his language in linguistic communication.A. langueB. competenceC. paroleD. performance2.In terms of the place of articulation，the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of （）。

A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental3.Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by （）in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD.M. A. K. Halliday4.Natural languages are viewed to vary according to （）set on UG principles to particular values.A. Adjacent ConditionB. parametersC. Case ConditionD. Case requirement5. Synonyms are classified into several kinds. The kind to which“girl”and“lass” belong is called （）synonyms.A. stylisticB. dialectalC. emotiveD. collocational6. The illocutionary point of （）is to express the psychological state specified in the utterance.A. representativesB. commissivesC. expressivesD. declaratives7. Modern English words man，woman，child，eat，fight，ect. originate from （）。

2004年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷（三部分，共115分）第一部分：听力理解（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一道小题，从每题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。

听完每段对话后，你将有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话你将听一遍。

例：How much is the shirt ?A．£19.15 B．£9.15C．£9.18.答案是B.1．What did the boy finally get ?A．A colorful bike . B．A blue bike . C．A white bike .2．How long does the woman plan to stay ?A．About seven days . B．About five days . C．About twelve days . 3．What do we know about the man ?A．He is making coffee.B．He has a pain in his hands .C．He is busy painting .4．What did the woman do last night ?A．She saw a movie . B．She went to her sister’s . C．She watched a football game .5．What time will Cathy go to the party ?A．Before seven . B．Around six thirty . C．After seven .第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。

2004年全国普通高等学校统一招生考试（重庆卷）英语本试卷分第一卷（选择题）和第二卷（非选择题）两部分。

共150分。

考试时间120分钟。

第一卷（三部分，共115分）第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。

每段对话有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项选项，并从标在试题卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

1．Where does this conversation take place?A．At a bank B．At a hospital C．At a post office2．what are the two speakers mainly talking about?A．What they do while traveling.B．When they do their homework.C．How they spend their spare time.3．What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A．Husband and wife. B．Passenger and conductor. C．Customer and shop assistant. 4．What happens to Mr Jordan?A．He is ill. B．He is out of work. C．He is on holiday.5．What does the woman mean?A．She wants to go on watching TV.B．She wants the man to turn the TV off.C．She does not mind what the man will do.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。

2004年全国攻读硕士学位研究生入学考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes committed by young people) focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence. Theories 1 on the individual suggest that children engage in criminal behavior 2 they were not sufficiently penalized for previous misdeeds or that they have learned criminal behavior through3 with others. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in4 to their failure to rise above their socioeconomic status,5 as a rejection of middle-class values.Most theories of juvenile delinquency have focused on children from disadvantaged families, _ 6 the fact that children from wealthy homes also commit crimes. The latter may commit crimes 7 lack of adequate parental control. All theories, however, are tentative and are 8 to criticism.Changes in the social structure may indirectly 9 juvenile crime rates. For example, changes in the economy that 10 to fewer job opportunities for youth and rising unemployment 11 make gainful employment increasingly difficult to obtain. The resulting discontent may in 12 lead more youths into criminal behavior.Families have also 13 changes these years. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; 14 ，children are likely to have less supervision at home 15 was common in the traditional family 16 . This lack of parental supervision is thought to be an influence on juvenile crime rates. Other __17_ causes of offensive acts include frustration or failure in school, the increased __ 18 _ of drugs and alcohol, and the growing 19 of child abuse and child neglect. All these conditions tend to increase the probability of a child committing a criminal act, 20 a direct causal relationship has not yet been established.1. [A] acting [B] relying [C] centering [D] commenting2. [A] before [B] unless [C] until [D] because3. [A] interaction [B] assimilation [C] cooperation [D] consultation4. [A] return [B] reply [C] reference [D] response5. [A] or [B] but rather [C] but [D] or else6. [A] considering [B] ignoring [C] highlighting [D] discarding7. [A] on [B] in [C] for [D] with8. [A] immune [B] resistant [C] sensitive [D] subject9. [A] affect [B] reduce [C] chock [D] reflect10. [A] point [B] lead [C] come [D] amount11. [A] in general [B] on average [C] by contrast [D] at length12. [A] case [B] short [C] turn [D] essence13. [A] survived [B] noticed [C] undertaken [D] experienced14.[A] contrarily [B] consequently [C] similarly [D] simultaneously15. [A] than [B] that [C] which [D] as16. [A] system [B] structure [C] concept [D] heritage17. [A] assessable [B] identifiable [C] negligible [D] incredible18. [A] expense [B] restriction [C] allocation [D] availability19. [A] incidence [B] awareness [C] exposure [D] popularity20. [A] provided [B] since [C] although [D] supposingSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Hunting for a job late last year, lawyer Gant Redmon stumbled across CareerBuilder, a job database on the Internet. He searched it with no success but was attracted by the site’s “personal search agent”. It’s an interactive feature that lets visitors key in job criteria such as location, title, and salary, then E-mails them when a matching position is posted in the database. Redmon chose the keywords legal, intellectual property and Washington, D.C. Three weeks later, he got his first notific ation of an opening. “I struck gold,” says Redmon, who E-mailed his resume to the employer and won a position as in-house counsel for a company.With thousands of career-related sites on the Internet, finding promising openings can he time-consuming and inefficient. Search agents reduce the need for repeated visits to the databases. But although a search agent worked for Redmon, career experts see drawbacks. Narrowing your criteria, for example, may work against you: “Every time you answer a question you e liminate a possibility,” says one expert.For any job search, you should start with a narrow concept—what you think you want to do—then broaden it. “None of these programs do that,” says another expert. “There’s no career counseling implicit in all of thi s.” Instead, the best strategy is to use the agent as a kind of tip service to keep abreast of jobs in a particular database; when you get E-mail, consider it a reminder to check the database again. “I would not rely on agents for finding everything that i s added to a database that might interest me,” says the author of a job-searching guide.Some sites design their agents to tempt job hunters to return. When CareerSite’s agent sends out messages to those who have signed up for its service, for example, it includes only three potential jobs—those it considers the best matches. There may be more matches in the database; job hunters will have to visit the site again to find them—and they do. “On the day after we send our messages, we see a sharp increase in o ur traffic,” says Seth Peets, vice president of marketing for CareerSite.Even those who aren’t hunting for jobs may find search agents worthwhile. Some use them to keep a close watch on the demand for their line of work or gather information on compensation toarm themselves when negotiating for a raise. Although happily employed, Redmon maintains his agent at CareerBuilder. “You always keep your eyes open,” he says. Working with a personal search agent means having another set of eyes looking out for you.21. How did Redmon find his job?[A] By searching openings in a job database.[B] By posting a matching position in a database.[C] By using a special service of a database.[D] By E-mailing his resume to a database.22. Which of the following can be a disadvantage of search agents?[A] Lack of counseling. [B] Limited number of visits.[C] Lower efficiency. [D] Fewer successful matches.23. The expression “tip service” (Line 4, Paragraph 3) most probably means.[A] advisory. [B] compensation.[C] interaction. [D] reminder.24. Why does CareerSite’s agent offer each job hunter only three job options?[A] To focus on better job matches.[B] To attract more returning visits.[C] To reserve space for more messages.[D] To increase the rate of success.25. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] Personal search agents are indispensable to job-hunters.[B] Some sites keep E-mailing job seekers to trace their demands.[C] Personal search agents are also helpful to those already employed.[D] Some agents stop sending information to people once they are employed.Text 2Over the past century, all kinds of unfairness and discrimination have been condemned or made illegal. But one insidious form continues to thrive: alphabetism. This, for those as yet unaware of such a disadvantage, refers to discrimination against those whose surnames begin with a letter in the lower half of the alphabet.It has long been known that a taxi firm called AAAA cars has a big advantage over Zodiac cars when customers thumb through their phone directories. Less well known is the advantage that Adam Abbott has in life over Zoë Zysman. English names are fairly evenly spread between the halves of the alphabet. Yet a suspiciously large number of top people have surnames beginning with letters between A and K.Thus the American president and vice-president have surnames starting with B and C respectively; and 26 of George Bush’s predecessors (includ ing his father) had surnames in the first half of the alphabet against just 16 in the second half. Even more striking, six of the seven heads of government of the G7 rich countries are alphabetically advantaged (Berlusconi, Blair, Bush, Chirac, Chrétien an d Koizumi). The world’s three top central bankers (Greenspan, Duisenberg and Hayami) are all close to the top of the alphabet, even if one of them really uses Japanese characters. As are the world's five richest men (Gates, Buffett, Allen, Ellison and Albrecht).Can this merely be coincidence? One theory, dreamt up in all the spare time enjoyed by the alphabetically disadvantaged, is that the rot sets in early. At the start of the first year in infant school, teachers seat pupils alphabetically from the front, to make it easier to remember their names. So short-sighted Zysman junior gets stuck in the back row, and is rarely asked the improving questions posed by those insensitive teachers. At the time the alphabetically disadvantaged may think they have had a lucky escape. Yet the result may be worse qualifications, because they get less individual attention, as well as less confidence in speaking publicly.The humiliation continues. At university graduation ceremonies, the ABCs proudly get their awards first; by the time they reach the Zysmans most people are literally having a ZZZ. Shortlists for job interviews, election ballot papers, lists of conference speakers and attendees: all tend to be drawn up alphabetically, and their recipients lose interest as they plough through them.26. What does the author intend to illustrate with AAAA cars and Zodiac cars?[A] A kind of overlooked inequality.[B] A type of conspicuous bias.[C] A type of personal prejudice.[D] A kind of brand discrimination.27. What can we infer from the first three paragraphs?[A] In both East and West, names are essential to success.[B] The alphabet is to blame for the failure of Zoë Zysman.[C] Customers often pay a lot of attention to companies’ names.[D] Some form of discrimination is too subtle to recognize.28. The 4th paragraph suggests that .[A] questions are often put to the more intelligent students[B] alphabetically disadvantaged students often escape from class[C] teachers should pay attention to all of their students[D] students should be seated according to their eyesight29. What does the author mean by “most people are literally having a ZZZ” (Lines 2-3, Paragraph5)?[A] They are getting impatient.[B] They are noisily dozing off.[C] They are feeling humiliated.[D] They are busy with word puzzles.30. Which of the following is true according to the text?[A] People with surnames beginning with N to Z are often ill-treated.[B] VIPs in the Western world gain a great deal from alphabetism.[C] The campaign to eliminate alphabetism still has a long way to go.[D] Putting things alphabetically may lead to unintentional bias.Text 3When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn't biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn't cutting, filing or polishing as many nails as she'd like to, either. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stoppedshowing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I'm a good economic indicator,” she says.“I provide a service that people can do without when they're concerned about saving some dollars.” So Spero is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard's department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don't know if oth er clients are going to abandon me, too,” she says.Even before Alan Greenspan's admission that America's red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working folks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to Gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year's pace. But don't sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only mildly concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy's long-term prospects even as they do some modest belt-tightening.Consumers say they're not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. Home prices are holding steady in most regions. In Manhattan, “there's a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predomina ntly fed by Wall Street bonuses,” says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, prices are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three," says John Tealdi, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job.Many folks see silver linings to this slowdown. Potential home buyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn't mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upside, too. Getting a table at Manhattan's hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant used to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.31. By “Ellen Spero isn’t biting her nails just yet” (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means_____.[A] Spero can hardly maintain her business.[B] Spero is too much engaged in her work.[C] Spero has grown out of her bad habit.[D] Spero is not in a desperate situation.32. How do the public feel about the current economic situation?[A] Optimistic. [B] Confused. [C] Carefree. [D] Panicked.33. When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 million range”(Lines 3, Paragraph 3), the author istalking about _______[A] gold market.[B] real estate.[C] stock exchange.[D] venture investment.34. Why can many people see “silver linings” to the economic slowdown?[A] They would benefit in certain ways.[B] The stock market shows signs of recovery.[C] Such a slowdown usually precedes a boom.[D] The purchasing power would be enhanced.35. To which of the following is the author likely to agree?[A] A new boom, on the horizon.[B] Tighten the belt, the single remedy.[C] Caution all right, panic not.[D] The more ventures, the more chances.Text 4Americans today don't place a very high value on intellect. Our heroes are athletes, entertainers, and entrepreneurs, not scholars. Even our schools are where we send our children to get a practical education—not to pursue knowledge for the sake of knowledge. Symptoms of pervasive anti-intellectualism in our schools aren't difficult to find.“Schools have always been in a society where practical is more important than intellectual,” says education writer Diane Ravitch. “Schools could be a counterbalance.” Ravitch's latest book. Left Back: A Century of Failed School Reforms,traces the roots of anti-intellectualism in our schools, concluding they are anything but a counterbalance to the American distaste for intellectual pursuits.But they could and should be. Encouraging kids to reject the life of the mind leaves them vulnerable to exploitation and control. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they cannot fully participate in our democracy. Continuing along this path, says writer Earl Shorris, “We will become a second-rate country. We will have a less civil society.”“Intellect is resented as a form of power or privilege,” writes historian and professor Richard Hofstadter in Anti-intellectualism in American Life, a Pulitzer-Prize winning book on the roots of anti-intellectualism in US politics, religion, and education. From the beginning of our history, says Hofstadter, our democratic and populist urges have driven us to reject anything that smells of elitism. Practicality, common sense, and native intelligence have been considered more noble qualities than anything you could learn from a book.Ralph Waldo Emerson and other Transcendentalist philosophers thought schooling and rigorous book learning put unnatural restraints on children: “We are shut up in schools and college recitation rooms for 10 or 15 years and come out at last with a bellyful of words and do not know a thing.”Mark Twain's Huckleberry Finn exemplified American anti-intellectualism. Its hero avoids being civilized—going to school and learning to read—so he can preserve his innate goodness.Intellect, according to Hofstadter, is different from native intelligence, a quality we reluctantly admire. Intellect is the critical, creative, and contemplative side of the mind. Intelligence seeks to grasp, manipulate, re-order, and adjust, while intellect examines, ponders, wonders, theorizes, criticizes, and imagines.School remains a place where intellect is mistrusted. Hofstadter says our country's educational system is in the grips of people who “joyfully and militantly proclaim their hostility to intellect and their eagerness to identify with children who show the least intellectual promise.”36. What do American parents expect their children to acquire in school?[A] The habit of thinking independently.[B] Profound knowledge of the world.[C] Practical abilities for future career.[D] The confidence in intellectual pursuits.37. We can learn from the text that Americans have a history of________.[A] undervaluing intellect.[B] favoring intellectualism.[C] supporting school reform.[D] suppressing native intelligence.38. The views of Raviteh and Emerson on schooling are ______.[A] identical. [B] similar. [C] complementary. [D] opposite.39. Emerson, according to the text, is probably _________.[A] a pioneer of education reform.[B] an opponent of intellectualism.[C] a scholar in favor of intellect.[D] an advocate of regular schooling.40. What does the author think of intellect?[A] It is second to intelligence.[B] It evolves from common sense.[C] It is to be pursued.[D] It underlies powerPart BDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)The relation of language and mind has interested philosophers for many centuries. (41) The Greeks assumed that the structure of language had some connection with the process of thought, which took root in Europe long before people realized how diverse languages could be.Only recently did linguists begin the serious study of languages that were very different from their own. Two anthropologist-linguists, Franz Boas and Edward Sapir, were pioneers in describing many native languages of North and South America during the first half of the twentieth century. (42) We are obliged to them because some of these languages have since vanished, as the peoples who spoke them died out or became assimilated and lost their native languages. Other linguists in the earlier part of this century, however, who were less eager to deal w ith bizarre data from “exotic” language, were not always so grateful. (43) The newly described languages were often so strikingly different from the well studied languages of Europe and Southeast Asia that some scholars even accused Boas and Sapir of fabricating their data. Native American languages are indeed different, so much so in fact that Navajo could be used by the US military as a code during World War II to send secret messages.Sapir’s pupil, Benjamin Lee Whorf, continued the study of American In dian languages. (44) Being interested in the relationship of language and thought, Whorf developed the idea that the structure of language determines the structure of habitual thought in a society. He reasoned thatbecause it is easier to formulate certain concepts and not others in a given language, the speakers of that language think along one track and not along another. (45) Whorf came to believe in a sort of linguistic determinism which, in its strongest form, states that language imprisons the mind, and that the grammatical patterns in a language can produce far-reaching consequences for the culture of a society. Later, this idea became to be known as the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis, but this term is somewhat inappropriate. Although both Sapir and Whorf emphasized the diversity of languages, Sapir himself never explicitly supported the notion of linguistic determinism.Section III Writing46. Directions：Study the following drawing carefully and write an essay in which you should1. describe the drawing，2. interpret its meaning, and3. support your view with examples.You should write about 200 words neatly on ANSWER SHEET 2 (20 points)答案解析Section I Use of English1.完形填空翻译：许多研究青少年犯罪(即低龄人群犯罪)的理论要么强调个人要么强调社会是导致犯罪的主要因素。

考试科目：英语语言学考生注意：答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题及草稿纸上无效!I. Multiple choice (10%)1. ____________ has been widely accepted as the forefather of modern linguistics.a. Chomskyb. Saussurec. Bloomfieldd. John Lyons2. The minimal independent unit of language is _________.a. phonemeb. wordc. morphemed. affix3. ____________ is not an English consonant.a. Labio-dental plosiveb. Alveolar nasalc. velar stopd. Dental fricative4. __________ is not a distinctive feature in English phonology.a. Nasalityb. Voicingc. Aspirationd. rounding5. The choice of an allophone in a given phonetic context is ______.a. randomb. predictablec. variabled. independent6. Site and sight are ____________.a. orthographyb. homographyc. homophonyd. hyponymy7. Kodak is a(n) ____________.a. coinageb. blendingc. acronymd. clipping8. ____________ is a phenomenon that in some speech communities two varieties ofa language exist sides by side, with each having a different role to play.a. Bilingualismb. Diglossiac. Pidgind. Creole9. The Indirect Speech Act was developed by __________.a. John Austinb. Levinsonc. John Lyonsd. John Searle.10. The totality of linguistic varieties possessed by an individual constitutes his _________.a. registerb. linguistic repertoirec. idiolectd. dialectII. Define the following terms(30%)1. arbitrariness2. evocative3. competence4. manners of articulation5. distinctive features6. stem7. idiom 8. endocentric9. hyponymy 10. sound writing11. acronym 12. ideolect13.standard language 14. illocutionary act15.internal authorityIII. Justify the following claims or statements. (20%)1 The violation of one or more of the conversational maxims (of the CP Principle) can, when the listener fully understands the speaker, create conversational implicature, a humor sometimes.2 Duality and cultural transmission are two most important design features of human language.3. Chomsky's 'competence' and 'performance' are similar in meaning to Saussure's 'langue' and 'parole'.IV. Make your critical remarks on the following: (20%):1 It's a bit cold in here.2 John married Fred's sister3 He drank another glass of beer 第2页4 The lecturer continued speaking.5 Peter has stopped beating his wifeV. Give one concept to cover the following statement (6%)1) Human language can be used to refer to real or imagined matters in the past, present, or future. It can even be used to talk about language itself.2) A competent native speaker is able to utter any grammatical sentence that he has never said before or understand any that he has never heard before.3) Chomsky believes that anyone who knows a language has internalized a set of rules about the sequences permitted in his language.4) Chomsky is much interested in the study of the similarities between languages rather than their differences.5) Roughly from 1930 to 1960 some linguists gave pre-eminence to the empirical or observational aspect in their investigation of meaning. They believed the meaning of a word is its use in the language.6) Since 1960's, some modern linguists have viewed the primary function of languageas the communication of ideas and assumed the data needed about language can be supplied by direct resort to intuition.VI. Answer the following questions briefly (20%)1. Do you prefer descriptive linguistics to prescriptive linguistics? Give your reasons.2. What is the difference between broad transcription and narrow transcription?3. How is a phoneme different from a speech sound?4. Why is speech prior to writing?5. Why can’t we do away with Chinese characters?VII. For each of the underlined constructions or word groups, do the following: (8%)a. State whether it is headed or non-headed.b. If non-headed, state its headword.c. Name the type of constructions.1. Ducks quack.2. I saw a bridge damaged beyond repair.3. He enjoys climbing high mountains4. His handsome face appeared in the magazine.VIII. Give a detailed description of Firth’s theory of meaning. (16%)IX. Give an overall account of the relationship between language and culture. (20%)。

全国2004年10月高等教育自学考试高级英语试题课程代码：00600全部题目用英文作答（英译汉题目除外），并将答案写在答题纸的相应位置上，否则不计分。

PART ONE(62 POINTS)I. The following paragraphs are taken from the textbooks, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or expression for each blank only. (12 points, 0.5 point each)●We parked the car, Elgie came over and 1 himself in the back seat of the car. A policecar moved slowly to the corner where we were 2 and the patrolmen looked at the three of us 3 and we pretended not to 4 . The patrol car 5 down the empty street and I turned 6 toward Elgie.●She 7 to me because she was like people I had never met 8 . Like women inEnglish novels who walked the moors with their 9 dogs racing at a 10 distance.Like the women who sat in front of roaring 11 , drinking tea 12 from silver trays.●Actually, I enjoy my work when the 13 are large and 14 and somewhat frighteningand will 15 the attention of many people. I get scared, and am unable to 16 at night, but I usually 17 at my best under this stimulating kind of 18 and enjoy my job the most.●And Americans ought to note that, 19 things may seem to be 20 apart, arts andthe humane scholarship are 21 here. I’m not suggesting that writers and artists have the task of finding a 22 to the American 23 , but they can at least clarify its 24Ⅱ. There are 15 sentences from the textbooks, with a blank in each, followed by a list of words or expressions marked A to X. Choose the one that best completes each of the sentences and write the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. One word or1expression for each blank only. (15 points, 1 point each)25.The senior partner studied the resume for the hundredth time and again found nothing he disliked about Mitchell Y.Mcdeere, at least not ______.26.For this and other reasons I was somewhat lonely, and I soon developed disagreeable mannerisms which made me ______ throughout my schooldays.27.On three pieces he made a cross in pencil, and then ______ each piece.28.But the press isn’t the only party in this country that’s guilty of this ______ insensitivity.29.Most of the idle rich suffer unspeakable boredom as the price of their freedom from ______.30.The modern ______ of beauty is not exclusively a function (in the mathematical sense) of wealth.31.The Beatles showed there was a ______ of emotions between love and hate.32.Our generation views the adult world with great ______ … there is also an increased tendency to reject completely that world.33.She just nodded her head, not getting a bit ______, but rocking back and forth.34.I have met several adolescent consumption-snobs, who thought that it would be romantic to______ in the flower of youth.35.For that matter she would drive herself and keep the whole event within her ______.36.Undoubtedly the desire for food has been, and still is, one of the main ______ of great political events.panies that pursue this are not primarily product or service innovators, ______ cultivate deep, one-to-one relationships with customers.38.Such as it is, the ______ is regarded as no place to make a career for those who have a future.Ⅲ. Each of the following sentences is given two choices of words or expressions. Choose the right one to complete the sentence and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. (15 points, 1 point each)40.As a businessman, he would often stay away from the city for three or four weeks at a (an) (A. extent, B. stretch).41.He can only have (A. caught up, B. picked up) such excellent English by living in the English-speaking country for some years.42.To be a writer, you need among other things a (an) (A. vivid, B. acute) imagination.243.Although there were several witnesses who had seen him at the spot, he still (A. declined, B.denied) it.44.It is most (A. regretful, B. regrettable) that Mr. Smith has decided to resign.45.During this season, the weather often (A. alters, B. alternates) between heavy rains and bursts of sunshine.46.A newspaper (A. supplement, B. complement) will sometimes be distributed free with the newspaper.47.My father was (A. sensitive, B. allergic) to this kind of medicine, so we decided to try another kind.48.The painter was (A. inspired, B. initiated) to paint by the grandeur of the sunrise.49.The theater in this small town has a seating (A. capability, B. capacity) of 1000.50.We could all see clearly that this newcomer had (A. fake, B. false) teeth.51.Before going to the party, she had to iron out the (A. creases, B. creaks) in her dress.52.The patient (A. replied, B. responded) quickly to the medicine and was well in a few days.53.Although my father has (A. detective, B. defective) hearing, he still refuses to wear a hearing aid.54.During their teaching practice, the students had to visit some local schools for the (A. observation,B. operation) of lessons in progress.Read the following passage carefully and complete the succeeding four items:Ⅳ,Ⅴ,Ⅵand Ⅶ.Success1) A young man of humble origins came to New York from the Midwest to seek his fortune. He dreamed, in the American way, of becoming a millionaire. He tried his luck on Wall Street. He was diligent and shrewd and, when he had to be, devious. He put together the deal and he did some things with an electronics acquisition that wouldn’t bear explaining. He succeeded even beyond his dream: he made twelve million dollars.2) At first the yo ung man assumed that everything was working out splendidly. “Isn’t it grand?” he said to his wife, once it was apparent that he had made twelve million dollars. His wife told him that it wasn’t grand, and he was a nobody.3) “But that’s impossible,” the young man said. “I’m a rich person. We live in an era that celebrates rich people. Rich people are shown in the newspapers in the company of movie stars and famous novelists and distinguished dress designers. The names of the richest corporate raiders are known to every schoolboy. There are rich real estate sharks whose faces appear on the covers of glossy magazines.” But his wife said that his face would not, because he was a nobody. When he stressed the fact that he had twelve million dollars, his wife retorted that a lot of people did, but they were still nobodies.4) “I could buy our way onto the committees of important charity balls,” the young man said,3“then we’d be mentioned in the columns.” “Don’t kid yourself,” his wife said. “The important committees are already filled up with people who are really rich. People like us would end up working on something like a dinner-dance to benefit the American Psoriasis (牛皮癣) Foundation.” The young man mentioned that he owned a co-op apartment on Fifth Avenue that was worth two million dollars. His wife argued that, to a certain extent, two million-dollar co-ops were a dime a dozen. Then the young man boasted of owning a stretch limousine and said it was twenty-one and a half feet long. His wife brushed the idea aside, saying that nobody famous had ever ridden in something like that ,and neither Henry Kissinger nor Calvin Klein had ever heard of him, so he was still a nobody.5) The young man was silent for a while. “Are you disappointed in me?” he finally said to his wife. “Of course I’m disappointed in you,” she said. “When you asked me to marry you , you said you would surely amount to something. How was I to know that yo u’d turn out to be a nobody?”6) For a moment the young man looked defeated. Then he squared his shoulders and cleared his throat. “I’ll make them pay attention, ” he said. “I’ll buy a professional football team and argue a lot with the coach in public. Ce lebrities will join me to watch big games from the owner’s box.” The wife ridiculed him, saying that nobody could buy a professional football team for twelve million dollars, because professional football teams cost big bucks.7) “Then I’ll buy a magazine and appoint myself chief columnist,” the young man said. “A tiny but exceedingly flattering picture of me will run next to my column every week. The owners of professional football teams will invite me to watch big games from the owner’s box.” The wife believed that he might be able to buy one of those weekly-shoppers throwaways for twelve million dollars, but not a real magazine. One couldn’t buy a real magazine for chicken feed.8) The young man was very much hurt and asked his wife whether twelve million dollars were chicken feed. But his wife insisted, “it’s not big bucks.”9) “But that’s not fair,” the young man said. “I’m a young man of humble origins who made twelve million dollars. I succeeded even beyond my dream. ” “Some of those things you did wi th the electronics acquisition probably weren’t fair either,” his wife said. “Fair isn’t being measured these days. What they measure is money.” Then the young man said, if that was the case, he would get more money by going back to Wall Street and making fifty million dollars.10) But before the young man could make fifty million dollars a man from the Securities and Exchange Commission came and arrested him for having committed insider-trading violations in the electronics acquisition.11) The young man was taken away from his office in handcuffs. A picture on the front page of the afternoon paper showed him leaving his arraignment trying to hide his face behind an $850 Italian overcoat. A long article in the morning paper used him as an example of a new breed of Wall Street traders who were the victims of their own greed, probably because of their humble origins. His friends and associates avoided him.12) Only his wife stuck by him. She tried to see the bright side. “For someone with only twelve4million d ollars,” she said to the young man, “you’re getting to be pretty well known.”Ⅳ. There are 10 statements, followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer and mark the corresponding letter on your answer sheet. (10 points, 1 point each)55.He tried his luck on Wall Street.A. He became lucky in the financial world.B. He tried to get a job in Wall Street.C. He got a job in the financial world and tried to make a lot of money there.D. He went to Wall Street to see if he could get a job and to make a lot of money there.56….with an electronics acquisition that wo uldn’t bear explaining.The underlined part means:A. that couldn’t be explained as it was against the lawB. that was against the law to explain to the publicC. that he wouldn’t explain to othersD. that he found difficult to explain57.I could buy our w ay onto the committees of important charity balls…A. I could buy tickets to get to the places where committees workB. I could use money to become committee membersC. I could buy tickets to get into important charity ballsD. Committees of important charity balls could be bought58….two million-dollar co-ops were a dime a dozen.A. two million-dollar co-ops were cheapB. you could buy a dozen two million-dollar co-opsC. it was easy to get two million-dollar co-opsD. there were a lot of two million-dollar co-ops59….and appoint myself chief columnist…A. make myself chief of the magazineB. give myself the job of writing chief columnsC. assign myself to the position of the magazine’s main columnistD. order myself to do the job of writing a main column each week60.A tiny but exceedingly flattering picture of me…The underlined part means:A. a photo in which I look better than in real lifeB. a very good photo that I like very muchC. a very clear photoD. a photo in which I look nice61….one of those we ekly-shoppers throwawaysA. one of those weekly magazines of little value that shoppers buy, read and then throw away5B. one of those magazines shoppers buy once a week, but they don’t like it, so they throw it awayC. one of those magazines shoppers who shop once a week would buy, after reading it, would throw it awayD. one of those magazines that appear once a week for special shoppers to buy, read and throw away62.One couldn’t buy a real magazine for chicken feed.A. One could buy enough feed for chickens with that money, but not a good magazine.B. If one bought chicken feed with that money, then one could not buy a real magazine with what was left.C. If one wanted to raise chickens, one couldn’t buy a real magazine.D. One couldn’t buy a good magazin e for so little money.63.Fair isn’t being measured these days. What they measure is money.A. Now people don’t want to be fair to others, they only want to be rich themselves.B. Now people don’t judge others by how fair they are, but by how much money th ey have.C. Now people don’t treat others fairly, they only want money from others.D. Now people are not fair, but they are rich.64….who were the victims of their own greed…A. the more things they wanted, the more they sufferedB. they suffered because they were never satisfiedC. they came to a bad end as the result of their greedD. they only had themselves to blame as they were greedyⅤ. There is one underlined part in each of the following sentences, followed by four choices A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest in meaning to the underlined part. (10 points, 2 points each)65.He was diligent and shrewd and, when he had to be, devious.A. secretB. determinedC. deceitfulD. devoted66.There are rich real estate sharks whose faces appear on the covers of glossy magazines.A. big shots in dealing with housing propertiesB. people who are really richC. people who own a lot of housing propertiesD. managers of real big enterprises67.People like us would end up working on something like a dinner-dance…A. finally find ourselvesB. finally stopC. be doing everything butD. realize our dreams by68…. for havin g committed insider-trading violations in the electronics acquisition.A. illegally making money by doing businessB. illegally doing business with insiders to make money6C. illegally making money by exchanging informationD. illegally using information fr om one’s job to make money69.Only his wife stuck by him.A. was still in love with himB. stayed with and supported himC. didn’t leave him though it was against her wishD. sometimes went to visit himPART TWO (38 POINTS)Ⅵ. Translate the following sentences into Chinese and write your translation on your answer sheet. (10 points, 2 points each)70.A young man of humble origins came to New York from the Midwest to seek his fortune.71.We live in an era that celebrates rich people.72.Rich people are shown in the newspapers in the company of movie stars and famous novelists and distinguished dress designers.73.When you asked me to marry you, you said you would surely amount to something. How was I to know that you’d turn out to be a nobody?74.For a moment the young man looked defeated. Then he squared his shoulders and cleared his throat.Ⅶ. Answer the following essay question in English within 80 –100 words. Write your answer on you answer sheet. (10 points)What brought about the downfall of the young man? Prove yours points.Ⅷ. Translate the following into English and write your translation on your answer sheet. (18 points, 2points each from 75 to 79, 8 points for 80)75.毫无疑问，幽默是帮助我们摆脱矛盾的良药，因为要是没有它，我们就会死于烦恼。

2004年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题2004年4月全国高等教育自学考试英语语法试题（word版）课程代码：00831Ⅰ. 单项选择题(本大题共21小题,每小题1分,共21分)Choose the best answer from the choices given and put the letter in the bracket s：1. A：Did you hear what she said?B：Well, I heard her say something, but I __________, so I did not catch her words exactly.A. would not listenB. was not listeningC. had not listenedD. shouldn’t listen2. The discoveries made on the Mars were more than they __________.A. expectedB. would expectC. should expectD. had expected3. Consequently, he __________to the grand reception.A. got invitedB. gets invitedC. invitedD. was to be invited4. __________today, he would be in for Easter by Sunday.A. Would he set offB. Was he setting offC. Were he to set offD. If he sets off5. Instead of __________for help, we decided to work it out by ourselves.A. to askB. askC. askingD. asked6. The new bike is a great deal __________the old one.A. as good asB. good asC. the better thanD. better than7. You will receive a confirmation letter __________us in a week.A. fromB. toC. inD. with8. Whenever the professor explained something, she kept smiling and nodding her he ad from time to time __________understanding every word of his lecture.A. as ifB. likeC. just likeD. as though she9. I’ll leave him a note __________he’ll know where we are.A. forB. in thatC. in orderD. so that10. If I tell them I’m prepared to give evidence, they’ll getsuch a scare __________ they’ll drop the whole thing.A. so thatB. thatC. andD. so11. You __________things. You should be more careful.A. always loseB. have been losingC. were always losingD. are always losing12. Every time he came to me, he __________tell me he was busy.A. wouldB. is going toC. willD. is to13. I expect all the mails __________promptly.A. being deliveredB. to be deliveredC. having been delieveredD. to have been delivered14. John used to rise early, __________A. used heB. did heC. didn’t heD. could he15. I had hoped that Rosemary __________a lawyer, but she was not good at law.A. will becomeB. becomeC. would becomeD. becomes16. The apples are __________fast in such hot weather.A. got rottingB. getting rottingC. got rottenD. getting rotten17. It was an agreement __________the details could not be altered.A. whoseB. whichC. itsD. of which18. The agency __________we bought our tickets is bankrupt.A. from whichB. whichC. whereD. from whom19. We all seemed afraid to say what was in our minds, __________it might start t rouble.A. in order thatB. so thatC. for fear thatD. in that20. __________he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.A. A child asB. A child thatC. Only child asD. Child that21. __________allow the vegetables to go bad, he sold them athalf price.A. NotB. UnlessC. Would notD. Rather thanⅡ. 多项选择填空题(本大题共8小题, 每小题2分, 共16分)Fill in the blanks with one of the items given below：22.bar, block, ear, grain, lumpA. a __________of wheatB. a __________of sugar23. be, is , was, are, were, will be, shall beA. Twenty years __________very long but not long enough to change a Roman nose into a pug.B. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth __________sea.24.few, a few, none, little, a littleA. He’s studying the work of __________known American novelist.B. His ideas are so difficult that __________people can really understand them.25.leather, leather’s, leathery, hugeness, huge, hugelyHe has in his office a __________comfortable __________chair.26. porcelain, porcelain’s, porcelains, fracture, fragment, fragilePlease send me these __________Chinese __________vases by special delivery.27.is, are was, were, will be, are going to be, have, has, hadWhile the conditions of the poor __________brought to his attention, he discovered, much to his chagrin, that the abstract __________not the solution, as this had occurred ti me and again.28. be, is, was, are, were, will be, shall beA. That she is till alive __________sheer luck.B. Neither his oral statement nor what he wrote __________true.29. Put the following words in appropriate groups：butter, committee, family, government, lightning, musicA. Mass nouns：____________________B. Collective nouns：____________________Ⅲ. 填空题(本大题共16小题, 每小题1分, 共16分)30. Fill in the blank with a WH-word：With __________efficiency the government is handling the problem！31. Fill in the blank with a WH-word：__________strange friends you have！32. Fill in the blank with a WH-word：A：“There’ll be a lecture this afternoon. don’t you know B：“No. By __________and about what33. Write in proper verb form：Experiments in the photography of moving objects __________(conduct) in both united States and Europe well before 1900.34. Write in proper verb form：Some of the proposals have been adopted but others __________ (reject) as they are not feasible.35. Write in proper verb form：The young people were encouraged __________ (defy) authorities.36. Put a proper preposition in the blank：There is a mosquito __________the wall.37. Put a proper preposition in the blank：Her house stands __________a cinema and a supermarket.38. Fill in the blank with an appropriate coordinator or subordinator：He lay there __________he was dead.39. Fill in the blank with an appropriate relative pronoun：He met a lady__________he was sure would be his new teacher.40. Fill in the blank with a question tag：Everyone is interested in going there, __________41. Fill in the blank with a question tag：Let’s not go to the same restau rant for dinner this time, __________42. Fill in the blank with a pronoun：A：“Would you like tea or coffee?”B：“I don’t mind. __________will do.”43. Fill in the blank with a determiner：Do you mind if I put __________music on44. Fill in the blank with an appropriate relative pronoun：I came here in 1950, since __________I have been engaged in this work.45. Fill in the blank with a question tag：He hardly comes to the class recently, __________Ⅳ. 改错题(本大题共11小题, 每小题1分, 共11分)Correct errors in the following sentences：46. Only one passenger was reported to have escaped killed in the plane crash.47. Rather than asking for help from his friends, he resolved to sell his business.48. This machine is more superior to that one.49. The minister’s speech cut at what he’d said before.50. We entered for a contract with a Japanese firm.51. The moment when he got home, he turned on the radio.52. It was a game without rules, which the sole aim seemed to have been to drive t he ball through the opponent’s goal.53. The children usually start walking at around one year old.54. She had a child holding on to every hand.55. You’ll understand my warning any day.56. She’s lost nearly each friend she had.Ⅴ. 改写句子(本大题共13小题, 每小题2分, 共26分)Rewrite the following sentences as required：57. Turning the following sentence into a negative imperative：Someone turn on the light, please.58. Using subjunctive mood：She has little knowledge about the painting. But she talked in a way that made people believe the contrary.59. Using subjunctive mood：A neighbour acted quickly and thus stopped the fire from spreading to the other floor s.60. Using subjunctive mood：I wish to own a house of my own.61. Combine sentences using coordination and / or subordination：She introduced me to her husband. I had met her husband in Paris.62. Combine sentences using coordination and / or subordination：The tests do not measure genuine intellectual ability. Colleges use the tests to screen applicants for admission.63. Combine the sentences into one that contains a relative clause：He is a kind man. He is always ready to help others. He neverasks for other’s help.64. Write a counter-factual conditional based on the given facts：You’re hungry now because you didn’t have breakfast.65. Using inversion：The plane roared over and the bombs came down which killed almost all the people in the village.66. Using extra position：To see all the high school kids standing on one foot outside school property and puf fing away furtively and defiantly on their cigarettes breaks my heart.67. Using whatever cohesive device as appropriate：A：He promised to come here on time.B：Yes, I know that he promised to come here on time.68. Using whatever cohesive device as appropriate：To guard against losing luggage, buy brightly coloured luggage or wrap bags with a belt so other passengers will not mistake your luggage with their own luggage.69. Using whatever cohesive device as appropriate：I inherited those skills from my father. Those skills have been put to the test.Ⅵ. 名词解释(本大题共3小题, 每小题2分, 共6分)Define the following terms with examples：70. putative should71. subject complement72. anaphoric referenceⅦ. 简答题(本大题共2小题, 每小题2分, 共4分)Answer the following questions with the help of examples：73. How is aspect related to time?74. What is given information and what is new information?。