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中考初中英语知识点【用法与特点】复习总结-副本

中考初中英语知识点【用法与特点】复习总结-副本
中考初中英语知识点【用法与特点】复习总结-副本

2015年中考初中英语知识点:代词

连接代词的用法

1. 连接代词主要包括who, whom, what, which, whose, whoever, whatever, whichever, whosever 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语等(但who, whom, whoever 等不用于名词前作定语),主要用于引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句等。如:Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。(which引导宾语从句)

The question is who can help us. 问题是谁能帮助我们。(who引导表语从句)

What he says sounds reasonable. 他说的话听起来有道理。(what引导主语从句)

2. 关系代词型what 的用法。

比较下列两句:

I don't know what you like. 我不知道你喜欢什么。

You can get what you like. 你想要什么就可得到什么。

第一句中的what 表示"什么";第二句中的what 则具有关系代词的性质,相当于"先行词+关系代词",表示"…所…的一切事或东西",如上面第二句的what就相当于everything that。顺便说一句,如第二句这样用的what 有时还可后接一个名词。如:We gave him what (little) help(此处help为名词)we could. 我们给了他我们力所能及的帮助。

3. whatever, whoever与whichever的用法:它们可用于引导主语从句和宾语从句,也可用于引导让步状语从句。如:

Whoever comes will be welcome. 任何人来都欢迎。(whoever引导主语从句)

Whatever she did was right. 她做的一切都是对的。(whatever引导主语从句)

Whoever you are, you can't enter. 不管你是谁,都不能进去。(whoever引导让步状语从句)

Whichever side wins, I shall be happy. 不管哪边赢,我都会高兴。(whichever引导让步状语从句)

人称代词

定义:人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称、及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。

如:Tom is a boy, and he(代指第三人称单数Tom)is a student.

Mary is very pretty, and she(代指第三人称单数Mary)likes singing.

The boys are students, and they(代指第三人称复数数The boys)are in the room.

The dog is small. It(代之第三人称单数The dog)is Tom's.

A)人称代词有主格和宾语之分:主格用作主语和表语,宾格用作宾语。

如: I like music(主语). She is a teacher. (主语)

She and I are good friends(主语). Neither she nor I am student.

--I saw the boys this morning.

--Are you sure it was they(表语)?

B) 人称代词的宾格在句子作动词的宾语,或者介词的宾语。

如:I saw him at the party(动词see的宾语).

I haven't seen them recently. (动词see的宾语)

I bought a book for them.(作介词for的宾语)

=I bought them a book.(作介词buy的间接宾语)

☆注意:

a.在口语中,人称代词的主格形式作表语时,常常可以用宾格替换。

如:It can't be he/him.

--Is this Mr. Green?

--Yes, this is he/him.

b. 在口语中,当人称代词用于than, as 之后或用于强调句中被强调时,用主格(较正式) 和宾格(较口语化) 均可以。

如:He sings better than I/me. 他比我唱得好。

You know more than she/her.

She is as tall as me (me=I am).

c. 单独使用的人称代词通常用宾格,即使它充当的是主语也是如此。如:

"I like English." "Me too=I like English too." "我喜欢英语。""我也喜欢。"

--Who did it?

--Them.(=They did it)

物主代词

定义:

物主代词分形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。形容词性物主代词在句中只用作定语,相当于一个形容词,不能单独使用;名词性物主代词则不能用作定语,相当于一个名词词组,可以单独使用,在句中用作主语、宾语、表语、和介词of连用。如:Here is my dog. Its name is Tom.(形容词性物主代词its作name的定语)

My sister lost her bicycle. (形容词性物主代词her作bicycle的定语)

Is that coffee yours or hers? (名词性物主代词)

反身代词

1)定义:

如人称代词一致,反身代词的人称和数以及性要和它所指代的名词或代词一致。

2)反身代词的句法功能

反身代词可用作宾语、同位语、表语等。用作同位语时,主要用于加强被修饰词的语气,可紧放在被修饰名词后或句末。

如:

He himself was a doctor. (同位语) =He was a doctor himself.

She is too young to look after herself. (宾语)

I don't blame you, I blame myself(宾语).

He cut himself when he was cooking. (宾语)

That poor boy was myself.(表语)

那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。

注意:反身代词用于be, feel, seem, look 等后作表语表示身体或精神所处的状态。如:I'll be myself again in no time. 我一会儿就会好的。

He doesn't feel himself today.他今天感觉身体不舒服

I'm not quite myself these days. 我近来身体不大舒服。

这三种代词都有人称(一、二、三人称)的变化、数(单、复数)的变化,以及性(阴性、阳性、中性)的变化。其中,人称代词除了这三种变化外,还有格(主格、宾格)的变化。

物主代词又包括两种形式:形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。特别注意:形容词性物主代词its没有相应的名词性物主代词。

英语的相互代词只有each other和one another,它们在句中通常只用作宾语,不能用作主语或状语等。如:

Students should help one another. 学生应该互相帮助。

We have known each other for many years. 我们认识许多年了。

注意:相互代词可以有所有格形式(each other's, one another's)。如:

They often stay in one another's house. 他们常常在彼此的家里住。

另外,有人认为each other用于两者,one another用于三者,但在现代英语中它们常可换用(即均可用于两者或三者)。

疑问代词

1. 疑问代词即指who, whom, whose, which, what等用于引出特殊疑问句的代词。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。

如:

What did she say? 她怎么说?(what作say的宾语)

Which are our seats? 哪些是我们的座位?(which作表语)

What are you worrying about? 你为什么事烦恼?(what作about的宾语)

注意:1. who和whom 只用作主语、宾语和表语,不用作定语;what, which, whose 则

既可用作主语、宾语和表语,也可用作定语。

2. what与which的用法区别:当选择的范围较明确时,用which;当选择的范围不明确时,用what。

如:

Which color do you like, red, black or white? 红色、黑色和白色,你喜欢哪种?

What color is your car? 你的汽车是什么颜色的?

不定代词

1)定义:

不定代词是不指明代替任何特定名词或形容词的代词。

2)种类

英语中不定代词有:some(something,somebody,someone,somewhere),any (anything,anybody,anyone,anywhere),no(nothing,nobody,no one),every (everything,everybody,everyone,everywhere),all,each,both,much,many,(a)little,(a)few,other(s),another,none,one,either,neither等。

不定代词的句法功能

1)作主语,例:

Both(of us)are right.(我们)两人都对。

Either(of the answers)is correct.两个回答不论哪一个都对。

Neither(of the answers)is correct.两个回答哪一个都不对。

Is everybody here?大家都到了吗?

2)作宾语,例:

There is room for all of us.我们所有的人全坐得下。

He gave two to each(of them).他给(他们)每人两个。

I like none of the books.这些书我全不喜欢。

If you have any,give us some.有的话,给我们一点。

3)作表语,例:

That' nothing.没什么。

Is that all you want to know?你想知道的就是这些吗?

Thanks,it' too much for me.谢谢,太多了。

I' not somebody,I' nobody.我不是重要人物,我是个无名小卒.

That' really something.那真是一大收获。

4)作定语,例:

You may take either road.两条路你走哪条都行。

Every room is clean and tidy.每一个房间都很整洁。

Everybody' business is nobody's business.人人都管等于没人管。(谚)

5)作同位语,例:

They both agreed to stay here.他们两人都答应待在这儿。

We are all for him.我们全支持他。

We none of us said anything.我们谁也没说什么。

Give them two each.给他们每人两个。

1. some和any的比较

不定代词some,any都是"一些"的意思,都可和可数名词或不可数名词连用。some一般用于肯定句中;而any则用于否定句、疑问句或条件从句中.

例:

Tom has some picture-books.汤姆有几本图画书。

I have waited some time.我已等了一会儿了。

Have you any questions?你有问题吗?

There aren't any pictures on the wall.墙上没有图片

☆注意:在表示请求、邀请或征求意见的句子中,通常要用some 而不用any。

如:

Will you lend me some money? 可以借些钱给我吗?

Why don't you bring some flowers? 为什么不带些花来呢?

2. 指两者和三者的不定代词。有些不定代词用于指两者(如both, either, neither),有的不定代词用于指三者(如all, any, none, every),具体使用时要根据一定的上下文正确选用。

如:

He is blind in both eyes. 他双目失明。

Were they all college students? 他们都是大学生吗?

注:each 可用于两者、三者或三者以上,而every 只用于三者或三者以上,因此用于两者时只能用each,不能用every。如:

There are trees on each side of the road. 路的两边都有树。

3. (a) few 与(a) little。few和a few 后接复数名词,而little和a little后接不可数名词。其中不带不定冠词的few 和little表示数量很少或几乎没有,强调"少",含有否定意义;而带有不定冠词的a few 和a little 则表示数量虽然少但毕竟还有,强调"有",含有肯定意义。如:

He knew few of them. 他们中间他认识的人很少。

He sold only a few of the papers. 他只卖出了几份报纸。

He knew little about it. 他对此知道得很少。

There is still a little left. 还剩一点点。

4. all, every, each的用法。从强调重点上看:all强调整体地考虑总体,every 强调考虑总体中的所有成员(与all很接近),each则强调逐个逐个地考虑总体;从用法上看:all和each既可单独使用,也可后接名词,还可后接of短语;而every 后必须接名词,既不能单独使用也不能后接of 短语(错)从含义上看,each 指两者或两者以上的"每个",every指三者或三者以上"每个",因此指两者时只能用each

如:All was destroyed in the big fire.大火中一切都毁了。

All are present.=Everyone is present. 大家都出席了。

There is room for all of us.我们所有的人全坐得下。

Each of us has a book.

注:1)在表示"每个"、"全体"意思时,every的意思与all很接近。但一般情况下every 和单数名词搭配,all和复数名词搭配,例:

Every child enjoys Christmas.每个孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。

All children enjoy Christmas.所有的孩子都喜欢过圣诞节。

2)Each也是"每一个"的意思,但与every不同,each用于指两个或两个以上的人或物,着重于个别概念,例:

Two men came into the room.Each carried an umbrella.两个人走进房间,每人拿着一把伞。

Each/Every book on this desk is worth reading.这桌子上每一本书都值得读。

5. other, the other, another, others的用法。指单数时,若泛指用another,若特指用the other;指复数时,若泛指用other(后接复数名词)或others(其后不接名词),若特指用the other (后接复数名词)或the others(其后不接名词)。

如:

Show me some others. 再拿一些给我看。

Show me another. 另拿一个给我看。

We should think of others. 我们应该多为别人着想。

Where are the other students? 其他同学在哪里?

注:another后一般是单数可数名词,但若其后的名词有数词或few 修饰,则也可接复数名词。

如:I've got another five minutes. 我还有5分钟。(因为有基数词five修饰,所以another 后可接可数名词复数minutes)

6. no one, nobody, none 的用法。no one 与nobody 用法相似,均只用于指人不用于指物,且其后不能接of短语,用作主语时谓语单数;而none 既可用于指人也可用于指物,其后通常接of短语,用作主语时,若指不可数名词,谓语只能用单数,若指复数名词,谓语动词用单数,复数均可(用单数更加正式)如:

No one [Nobody] has read it. 没有人读过它。

None of this milk can be used. 这牛奶一点都不能用了。

None of the films is [are] worth seeing. 没有一部电影值得看。

7. 复合不定代词的用法。复合不定代词主要包括something, somebody, someone, anything, anybody, anyone, nothing, nobody, no one, everything, everybody, everyone 等,它们在句中可用作主语、宾语或表语,但不能用作定语。其中something, someone 等和anything, anyone等的区别与some 和any 的区别一样,前者一般用于肯定句,后者一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句。使用时应请注意以下几点:

(1) 受定语修饰时,定语应置于其后。如:

Tell us something interesting. 给我们讲点有趣的事。(interesting修饰something)There was nobody tired. 没有一个人很累。

(2) 指人的复合不定代词若用作主语,其谓语动词一般用单数,相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数he, him, his (不一定指男性)。但在非正式文体中常用复数代词they, them, their。如:

If anybody [anyone] comes, ask him [them] to wait. 要是有人来,让他等着。

(3) anyone, everyone 等只能指人,不能指物,且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接of 短语,可用any one, every one (即分开写)。

指示代词

1)指示代词分单数(this / that)和复数(these / those)两种形式,既可作限定词又可做代词,例如:

单数复数

限定词:This girl is Mary. Those men are my teachers.

代词:This is Mary. Those are my teachers.

2)指示代词的句法功能

指示代词主要有四个,即this, that, these 和those。它们在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

This is my book.(主语)

I want that.(宾语)

My book is that.(表语)

I like that dress.(定语)

注意:

1. 为避免重复,可用that 和those 代替前面提到的名词。如:

The playground of this school is bigger than that of that school. (That=the playground) My seat is next to that of the mayor.(that=mayor's seat)我的座位在市长座位旁边。

2. 用来回指上文提到的事情时,可用this 或that,但是若要指下文叙述的事情,通常要用this。如:

--She is a beautiful girl.

--Who said that?

I want to know this: Is she beautiful? 我想知道这一点:她美吗?

3. 在打电话时,通常用this 指自己,用that指对方:

Hello. This is Jim. Is that John? 喂,我是吉姆,你是约翰吗?

4. 除用作代词外,this 和that 还可用作副词,用以修饰形容词或副词,意为"这么"、"那么",相当于so。

如:

I've done only that much. 我所做的就这么多。

Is he always this busy? 他总这么忙吗?

5. 指示代词this, that 和these在作主语时可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分时只能指物,不能指人。而those作宾语后接定语从句时可以指人。而且只有that、those后面可以跟定语从句。

如:(对)That is my teacher. 那是我的老师。(that作主语,指人)

(对)He is going to marry this girl. 他要和这个姑娘结婚。(this作限定词)

(错)He is going to marry this. (this作宾语时不能指人)

(对)I bought this. 我买这个。(this指物,可作宾语)

He admired those who looked beautiful. 他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)

(错)He admired that who danced well. (that作宾语时不能指人)

(对)He admired that which looked beautiful. 他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

感谢您的阅读,祝您生活愉快。

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最新中考英语知识点汇总

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我认为自己是幸运的 注:be terrified比be afraid的语气更强,害怕的程度更大一些。 18. c on ti nue continue意为“(使)继续,(使)连续”,既可作及物动词,也可作不及物动词。 1)作及物动词。如: Let C s ntinue our meeting。咱们继续开会吧。 2)作不及物动词。如: Ten minutes later ,the class continued。 10分钟后,又上课了。 3)c ontinue to do sth。与continue doing sth。,均可表示继续做某事”。 如: She continued to play the pia no 。她继续弹钢琴。 He continued work ing though he was ill 。 他虽然有病,但一直坚持工作。 19. c on sider consider是动词,意为考虑,思考,认为”。常用于下列结构: 1. consider+n。/pron。如: We must con sider the matter carefully o

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初中英语中考考点大汇总 1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+ do eg :I like watching monkeys jump 2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样 3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)补:a place of interest 名胜 4 agree with sb 赞成某人 5 all kinds of 各种各样a kind of 一样 6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界 7 along with 同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you 我将和你一起去 the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树 8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样 9 as you can see 你是知道的 10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book 11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么 12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事 13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen 14 at the beginning of …………的起初;……的开始 15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day 16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候补:at least 至少 17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信 eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

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n.名词pron.代词adj.形容词adv.副词v.动词vi.不vt. 及物动词 prep.介词conj.连词interj.感叹词 A 1.able unable ability n. disable vt.使残废disabled adj.残废的 2.about be about to do sth.即将做...... 3.above---below over---under 4.accept ~ A as B 把A当作B接受/接纳cf. receive 5.accident accidental adj.偶然的;偶发的by ~/chance偶然地 6.ache n./ vi. toothache backache headache 7.across---through across the world=all over the world 8.act v./n. action n. active adj. actively adv. activity n.活动 act as...扮演;充当be active in...=take an active part in...积极参加act...out表演出 9.actual adj. actually adv.事实上 10.add v. addition n. additional adj.附加的;额外的 add to sth.增强add A to B把A加到B上去add...up把......加起来 add up to sth.合计为;意思是in addition=what’s more=besides而且 11.admire vt. admiration n. admirer n. ~ sb. for sth因......钦佩某人in admiration钦佩地 12.admit vt.承认;录取admission n. admitted admitting admit doing sth. be admitted into a college被......录取

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中考英语重点短语总结 1. It’s time for sth. 该到做某事的时间了. It’s time to do sth.(It’s time for sb. to do sth) 该到(某人)做某事的时间了. 2. can’t wait to do sth. 迫不及待地要求做某事. 3. ask (tell)sb. (not )to do sth . 请(告诉)某人(不)做某事. 4. make/let sb. to do sth. 让某人做某事. 5. hear/see/sb. do sth 听见/看见某人做某事. 6. had better(not )do sth 最好不做某事. 7. It’s better to do sth最好做某事 8. It’s best to do sth最好做某事 9. enjoy 喜欢做某事 10. finish 结束做某事 11. keep 继续做某事 12. keep on doing sth. 继续做某事 13. carry on 继续做某事

14. go on 继续做某事 15. feel like 喜欢做某事 16. stop to do sth 与stop doing sth 停下来去做某事(与)停止做某事. 17. forget/remember to do 与forget/remember doing sth.忘记/记得去做某事(与) 忘记/记得曾经做过事. 18. keep(precent,stop)sb. from doing sth阻止/防止/阻栏栽人做某事 19. prefer….to ……喜欢…..胜过…… 20. prefer to do sth. rather than do ath.宁愿做某事,而不原做某事. 21. used to do sth.过去常常做某事. 22. What’s wong with……? …..出了问题(事)? 23. have nothing to do with….. 与…..无关 24. be busy doing sth . 在忙于做某事 25. too…..to….. 太……以致知于不…… 26. so ……that ….. 如此….. 以致知于不…… 27. such…..that……如此….. 以致知于不…… 28. It take sb. some time to do sth .某人做某事用了一些时间.

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