综合练习（历次水平II试题精选）
Part One Listening Comprehension
Section I
Directions: In this section you will hear two students, Frank and Theresa, disc ussing a survey they have to write as an assignment. Listen to the conversation and complete the notes below which what you hear.
Notes about Frank’s survey:
Topic: ________________________________
Typical examples of violent programs: _________________________________________ _____
People’s suggestions: ________________________________________________________ ____
Pe ople’s reactions to violence on news broadcast: ____________________________ __________
______________________________________________________________________
A possible problem with this survey: __________________________________________
______
The advantage of the survey: __________________________________________________ _____
Section Two
Directions: In this section you will listen to some news program. Below are the summaries of the news items. Listen to the recording and fill in the missing w ords to complete the new summaries.
1.An orangutan stopped the traffic outside _________ . It took a keep from the zo
o ________ minutes to get downtown because of the traffic. The animal showed no interest in ________ but responded when the keeper ________ to it. It held the keeper’s _______ as they got into the car.
2. A new method for teaching singing has been developed. Most singers are unaware
of how they ______________________. By wearing a ______________ over your head while you sing, you can hear your voice the way _____________ hear you. This ca n help you _________ your singing.
3.This year there are _______ contestants in the Sunset Beaches and castle ______
__--aged from 8 to ____ . The two favorites are Greg Wallace (who has won three times before), with his _______ castle, and newcomer David Bradley, with his S tar Wars __________.
Section Three
In this section, you hear four telephone messages. What is each message about?
When you hear each message, you should write in English the main information. S ome callers’ names are: Alberto, Janine Ellis, and Jim Saunders. You will hear the recording only once.
Telephone message 1: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.
Telephone message 2: _________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________.
Telephone message 3: _________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________
Telephone message 4:
__________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________.
Part Two Translation
Directions:Read the following passage carefully and translate it into Chinese.
Write your translation clearly in the spaces provided below.
What’s in a name?
For thousands of years, humanity has classified the living thins of this world in much the same fashion; by their appearance. If it looks like a duck, walks a nd quacks like a duck, then it is a duck. But tackling millions of species in t his way has proven to be a recipe for confusion. As scientists have found to th eir cost, what looks like a duck may in fact be a goose.
More recently, genetic techniques have been applied, particularly for distingui shing the more difficult-to-identity species such as viruses and bacteria by co mparing pieces of DNA. Might this approach be more generally applicable? Paul H ebert and his colleagues in Canada think it might be. Just as barcodes and the “universal product code” numbering scheme uniquely identify different items a t a supermarket checkout, they suggest that some stretches of DNA could perform a similar function in living things. In a paper just published in Proceedings of the Royal Society B, they discuss how long such a genetic barcode needs to b e, and where it might be found.
A universal product code found on the high street consists of a string of 11 di gits, each of which is one of ten numerals, providing 100 billion unique combin ations. Genetic material, however, uses a quaternary, rather than a denary, cod ing system. In theory, it would only be necessary to sample 15 of those letters to create one billion unique codes.
In practice, however, the characteristics of DNA mean that 15 letters are not e nough. Unlike the arbitrary numbers of a universal product code, the letters of DNA are not random, because they code for something that a biological meaning.
Part Three Writing
Directions: Boshi Electronic (China) Co., Ltd. is planning to recruit an assis tant to the general manager. Read the job description and qualification and wri te to this company to recommend yourself as a candidate. Your letter of applica tion should not be less than 300 words.
Some topics for Speaking Test
Opening Questions
1. Do you like music? What kind of music do you listen to these days? Why do y ou like this particular music?
2. Do you like sports? What kind of games do you often play? Why do you like t hat game?
3. Suppose you have won $100,000 ina lottery. What would you do with this mone y?
4.Why do you choose Tsinghua to do your graduate program? What are the most i mportant factors in choosing a school?
5.What kind of job do you plan to take upon graduation? Why?
6. How much time do you spend learning about the news everyday? How do you lea rn about the news, by watching TV or reading newspaper？Talk about one piece of the latest new that impressed you a great deal.
7. In the development of human society, many kinds of inventions have greatly benefited our lives. Could you give us some examples? What do you think are the top important inventions in the past 50 years?
8. In everyone’s life, he may experience many good and bad events. Please tel l me some past events which made you feel good or bad.
9. Do you use e-mail or the Internet? What do you use them for?
II. Role plays or debate
1. As the job-hunting season is approaching, many graduates have to decide whe ther to remain in Beijing and seek a job here (though it is not very easy to hu nt a good job) or go to small cities to have an easy life.
Student A:It’s not advisable choice for us to work in Beijing, for the lif e in Beijing won’t be easy.
Student B:I will try every effort to remain here to have a further develop an d enjoy the exciting life here.
2. As the industry develops more rapidly in these years, people in China becom
e much more concerning about the environmental protection.
Student A：I appeal to the government to postpone or stop some of the current p rojects, and punish the ones who are polluting our city. Industrialization brin gs us nothing but the stink of money and a dirty sky. We should not develop our industry intensely. The industrialization should be slowed down at once, or w e’ll get punished
Student B:We shouldn’t reduce our production under any circumstance. I don’t mean to be unconventional. But I do prefer industrial development to environm ental protection. More exactly, industrialization can be the motivation and als o the supporter of environment protection, which may be the contrary to normal consideration.
3. Deputies from the National People's Congress, as well as members of the Chi nese People's Political Consultative Conference, proposed changes to the holida ys at this year's congress. They called for shortened Labor Day and National Da y holidays, and the addition of the Mid-Autumn Festival and the Tomb Sweeping D ay.
Student A：I’m strongly agree to the change of the holidays, the golden week h as lots of disadvantages.
Student B：I don’t think the golden week holiday should be abrogated, because people have been used to it. People need it.
4. Our country has stepped into the aging society (people who are 65 or older have taken up 14%).Who will take care of the very old and disable old? Where co uld they spend the last few years in their life?
Student A：The nursing home is the only way to solve the problem.
Student B：I can’t agree. Those who l ive in the nursing home are not as happy as those who live with their family.
5. Have you ever experienced a natural disaster? Work with your partner and di scuss the disaster(s) that you experienced or heard of.
6. Student A：All the Chinese should join in the "Rejecting the Japanese Goods" side, because the Japanese have done too many things hurting our feelings. Student B："Rejecting the Japanese Goods" is not necessary. The Japanese goods,
such as the Japanese notebook PCs, the Japanese cars and so on, are better and cheaper than ours.
7. Student A：English language is tool—we learn it for we’re going to use it. So the four skills of English are very important. We attend the English Class for improving our English Skills.
Student B：We attend the English class because the charm of a foreign culture o ften attracts us strongly. That is the very foundation stone of the interest of learning a foreign language. Furthermore, only by mastering the foreign lang uage can one attain the charm of a culture.
8.Class discussion has become a common activity in our classroom nowadays. M any teachers use this activity to involve students in the class learning.
Student A: It's a waste of time to listen to other students who are as ignor ant as us to talk nonsense; we prefer to listen to teachers.
Student B：Class discussion can get students more involved in class learning an d can give us a chance to share what we know about the subjects.
9. Nowadays internet has penetrated into every aspect of out daily life. A lot of people have ever tried to buy something from the internet.
Student A: Shopping on internet is very convenient.
Student B: I love the traditional shopping method.
10. Student A: I worry about the future of human beings. We are facing so ma ny problems in the development.
Student B:I do believe that our children will have a better life.
A: Computer games are the best way to kill time and can people can learn a lot from playing it.
B: Computer games do more harm than good to young people.
11. A and B are two classmates who have never met after they graduated from th
e university 5 years ago. Now they meet at the classmates’ reunion party? What would you say? Role play the two old classmates.
12. Did you have to adhere to a dress code or wear a uniform when you went sch ool? How did you feel about it then? How do you feel about it now? Work in pair s to discuss the topic.
13. Role Play: Where are you from? You and your partner may come from differen t regions inChina. Compare the lifestyles in each of your hometown by discussio n what is hot (popular) and what is not in the city or town.
14.Role Play: Tell each other a past event which made you feel good or bad (e.
g. A embarrassed situation, un unforgettable school event, a happy reunion, or meeting a famous person).
15. What qualities do heroes in movies and TV shows in your country have? Who are some of your own personal heroes? Why do you admire and respect these peopl e? Tell each other you heroes you respect.
16. Nowadays, more and more parents choose to educate primary school children at home instead of sending them to school to get public education. How do you t hink about it?
A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.
17. Should the University Campus be open to tourist?
A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.
18.Talk about the marriage of the college students.
A: strongly agree to it. B: strongly against it.
19.How do you think the Clone technology?
A: It’s a breakthrough of the biological engineer.
B: Human cloning would cause a lot of problems.
写作题型与篇章结构
写作从命题语言形式上可以分为三类：
1. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? People are never sa tisfied with what they have. They always want something more or something diffe rent. Use specific reasons and examples to explain your position.
该题型的篇章结构：
第一段：引言（表明观点：支持/反对）
第二段：支持/反对理由一
第三段：支持/反对理由二
（第四段：支持/反对理由三）
第五段：结论（归纳或重申观点）
2. Some schools encourage their students to take part in team sports, such as football, baseball, and basketball. Other schools place greater emphasis on s uch individual sports as tennis, running, and swimming. Which type of sports program would you recommend for teenagers? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.
该题型的篇章结构：
（1）第一段：引言（用自己的语言解释命题，肯定两种观点的合理性）
第二段：第一种观点的合理性
第三段：第二种观点的合理性
第四段：结论（自己的观点及两至三条理由或倾向于折中的观点）
（2）第一段：引言（略提及自己反对的观点的合理性，转折后，明确表明自己支持的观点）
第二段：自己支持的观点论据一
1-1什么是数据? 它与信息是什么关系? 【解答】 什么是信息？广义地讲，信息就是消息。宇宙三要素（物质、能量、信息）之一。它是现实世界各种事物在人们头脑中的反映。此外，人们通过科学仪器能够认识到的也是信息。信息的特征为：可识别、可存储、可变换、可处理、可传递、可再生、可压缩、可利用、可共享。 什么是数据？因为信息的表现形式十分广泛，许多信息在计算机中不方便存储和处理，例如，一个大楼中4部电梯在软件控制下调度和运行的状态、一个商店中商品的在库明细表等，必须将它们转换成数据才能很方便地在计算机中存储、处理、变换。因此，数据(data)是信息的载体，是描述客观事物的数、字符、以及所有能输入到计算机中并被计算机程序识别和处理的符号的集合。在计算机中，信息必须以数据的形式出现。 1-2什么是数据结构? 有关数据结构的讨论涉及哪三个方面? 【解答】 数据结构是指数据以及相互之间的关系。记为：数据结构= { D, R }。其中，D是某一数据对象，R是该对象中所有数据成员之间的关系的有限集合。 有关数据结构的讨论一般涉及以下三方面的内容： ①数据成员以及它们相互之间的逻辑关系，也称为数据的逻辑结构，简称为数据结构； ②数据成员极其关系在计算机存储器内的存储表示，也称为数据的物理结构，简称为存储结构； ③施加于该数据结构上的操作。 数据的逻辑结构是从逻辑关系上描述数据，它与数据的存储不是一码事，是与计算机存储无关的。因此，数据的逻辑结构可以看作是从具体问题中抽象出来的数据模型，是数据的应用视图。数据的存储结构是逻辑数据结构在计算机存储器中的实现（亦称为映像），它是依赖于计算机的，是数据的物理视图。数据的操作是定义于数据逻辑结构上的一组运算，每种数据结构都有一个运算的集合。例如搜索、插入、删除、更新、排序等。 1-3数据的逻辑结构分为线性结构和非线性结构两大类。线性结构包括数组、链表、栈、 队列、优先级队列等; 非线性结构包括树、图等、这两类结构各自的特点是什么？ 【解答】 线性结构的特点是：在结构中所有数据成员都处于一个序列中，有且仅有一个开始成员和一个终端成员，并且所有数据成员都最多有一个直接前驱和一个直接后继。例如，一维数组、线性表等就是典型的线性结构 非线性结构的特点是：一个数据成员可能有零个、一个或多个直接前驱和直接后继。例如，树、图或网络等都是典型的非线性结构。 1-4．什么是抽象数据类型？试用C++的类声明定义“复数”的抽象数据类型。要求 (1) 在复数内部用浮点数定义它的实部和虚部。 (2) 实现3个构造函数：缺省的构造函数没有参数；第二个构造函数将双精度浮点数赋给复数的实部，虚部置为0；第三个构造函数将两个双精度浮点数分别赋给复数的实部和虚部。 (3) 定义获取和修改复数的实部和虚部，以及+、-、*、/等运算的成员函数。
清华大学留学生入学考试英语第一次模拟考试 一、单项填空（20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 1. Japan says its prime minister promised to provide the world with "maximum transparency" about ____ accident at the Fukushima nuclear power plant during _____ telephone call. A. the; a B. the; the C. an; the D. an; a 2．It is thought that Henan Shuanghui Industry Group Co., Ltd. ____take responsibility for its consumers. A. can B. may C. must D. need 3. The civil war in Libya that ______on March 12 _______ for a week until now. A broke out; has lasted B breaking out ; was lasted C was broken out; has lasted D broke out; lasting 4. It was not until the subprime loan crisis(次贷危机) had caused great damage to the American financial system ____ Americans realized the severity（严重性）of the situation. A. which B. that C. what D. when 5. In order to make people to _____ money to the sick baby, he suggested the mother kneel down every few meters in the street. A. distribute B. provide C. afford D. donate 6．A serious forest fire broke out in Shandong, _______ the authority had to take immediate steps to protect the forest in Tai’an. A. why B. which C. as D. for which 7．- Nowadays children have to take arts, music and sports classes in their free time ____ busy schoolwork. - No wonder they have more and more pressure. A. rather than B. owing to C. apart from D. expect for 8．The biggest full moon of 2011 occurred on a Saturday night, ______ Chinese observers to gather outside to record the splendor. A. to lead B. led C. leading D. having led 9．I heard the alarm ringing all the morning. ____ something very urgent happened. A. Really B. Obviously C. Especially D. Terribly 10．The figures are further evidence ______ children are more likely to become near-sighted. A. that B. what C. why D. which 11．The radiation from the nuclear power in Japan urged all the nations around to ______ their people to make preparations for possible disasters. A. fight for B. apply for C. call on D. wait on 12. ______young people were making efforts to take more exercise and eat healthily, they are still putting on weight. A. Because B. Now that C. When D. While 13．He gets up at six o'clock, runs for half an hour and then has a meal; that is his morning __________. A．policy B．behaviour C．tendency D．routine 14．There happened earthquakes in many places recently, one of ____ was in Japan. A. the others B. them C. it D. which 15．—It is so hot today! Do you mind if I drink this last bottle of beer, Susan? —________. I’ll go and get some more this afternoon. A. I’m very sorry B. Yes, please C. I don’t care D. Go ahead 16. It takes a lot of______ to become a good swimmer. A. train B. exercise C. practice D. performance 17. Every classroom in this modern school is_______ with a new computer.
2018天津初等英语水平考试（三级）答案及解析 I 1.答案：D 【解析】本题考查的是冠词的?法。原句意思是“昨天我读了?本有趣的书，那本书是我昨天从学校图书馆借的。”“interesting”表?“有趣的”，以元??素/?/开头，原句泛指?本有趣的书，所以?不定冠词“an”，排除B和C选项。后?特指学校的图书馆，所以?定冠词“the”。正确答案为D。 2.答案：C 【解析】本题考查的是little和few的区别。“little”和“few”都表?“少的、?乎没有”。“little”修饰不可数名词，“few”修饰可数名词。“a little”表?“?点”，修饰不可数名词。“a few”表?“?点”，修饰可数名词。 3.答案：A 【解析】本题考查的固定搭配。“pass sth.to sb.”表?“把某物传给某?”。原句意思是“-南茜，请把书传给?尔。-好。”
【解析】本题考查的是回答。 原句意思是“-露西，你介意把笔记本电脑借给我吗？-对不起，我正在?它。” 所以选择B。 5.答案：D 【解析】本题考查的是时态。原句意思是“-吉姆在哪?？-和正在那边和他的朋友说话。”由上句可知事情正在发?，所以?正在进?时，选择D。 6.答案：B 【解析】本题考查的是否定回答。原句意思是“-杨?姐，我可以在这游泳吗？-不?，在这游泳太危险了。”A表?你不能够；B项表?禁?；C项表?你不必；D项表?你可能不能。由句意判断B项符合。 7.答案：A 【解析】本题考查的是“there be”句型结构。原句意思是“-你好，玛丽，我听说你有?个新房?，在你的花园?都有什么？-有?棵?树和?些花。”原句先说“a big tree”，所以?就近原则。
天津市初等英语水平考试1~3级B词汇 考级词汇表词意等级a(an) 一（个、件）①②③about 大约③ 到处；四处③above 在……上面③across 横过；穿过②③act 表演①②③action n. 行动③active 积极的；活泼的①②③actively 积极地；活泼地②③actor 男演员①②③actress 女演员①②③. 公元②③add 添加；增加②③address 地址①②③adult 成年人③afraid 害怕的②③Africa 非洲③African 非洲的，非洲人的；非洲人③after 在…之后；在……后面①②③afternoon 下午①②③
again 再一次；再；又②③age 年龄；时代②③ago 以前③agree 同意；应允③air 空气；大气②③airport 航空站；飞机场②③all 全部的②③allow 允许；准许②③almost 几乎；差不多③along 向前；沿着；顺着③aloud 大声地③also 也②③always 总是；一直；永远③am （我）是①②③.=in the morning 在上午，在早晨①②③America 美国①②③American 美国的；美洲的；美国人③among 在（三个以上）……中间③and 和①②③angry 生气的；愤怒的③animal 动物②③another 再一；另一个③
answer 答案；回答，答复①②③any 任何的；一些①②③anybody 任何人③anyone 任何一个③anything 任何事（物）；什么事（物）③apple 苹果①②③April 四月②③are 是（复数）①②③arm 胳膊，手臂①②③armchair 扶手椅①②③army 军队③around 在周围③art 美术；艺术①②③artist 艺术家；画家②③as 像……一样；如同；因为③Asia 亚洲③ask 问；请求；要求；邀请②③at 在①②③August 八月②③aunt 姑（姨，舅，伯，婶）母①②③Australia 澳洲；澳大利亚②③Australian 澳洲的，澳大利亚人的；澳大利亚人②③
一、单选题（每题 2 分，共20分） 1. 1.对一个算法的评价，不包括如下（B ）方面的内容。 A．健壮性和可读性B．并行性C．正确性D．时空复杂度 2. 2.在带有头结点的单链表HL中，要向表头插入一个由指针p指向的结点，则执行( )。 A. p->next=HL->next; HL->next=p; B. p->next=HL; HL=p; C. p->next=HL; p=HL; D. HL=p; p->next=HL; 3. 3.对线性表，在下列哪种情况下应当采用链表表示？( ) A.经常需要随机地存取元素 B.经常需要进行插入和删除操作 C.表中元素需要占据一片连续的存储空间 D.表中元素的个数不变 4. 4.一个栈的输入序列为1 2 3，则下列序列中不可能是栈的输出序列的是( C ) A. 2 3 1 B. 3 2 1 C. 3 1 2 D. 1 2 3 5. 5.AOV网是一种（）。 A．有向图B．无向图C．无向无环图D．有向无环图 6. 6.采用开放定址法处理散列表的冲突时，其平均查找长度（）。 A．低于链接法处理冲突 B. 高于链接法处理冲突 C．与链接法处理冲突相同D．高于二分查找 7.7.若需要利用形参直接访问实参时，应将形参变量说明为（）参数。 A．值B．函数C．指针D．引用 8.8.在稀疏矩阵的带行指针向量的链接存储中，每个单链表中的结点都具有相同的（）。 A．行号B．列号C．元素值D．非零元素个数 9.9.快速排序在最坏情况下的时间复杂度为（）。 A．O(log2n) B．O(nlog2n) C．0(n) D．0(n2) 10.10.从二叉搜索树中查找一个元素时，其时间复杂度大致为( )。 A. O(n) B. O(1) C. O(log2n) D. O(n2) 二、二、运算题（每题 6 分，共24分） 1. 1.数据结构是指数据及其相互之间的______________。当结点之间存在M对N（M：N）的联系 时，称这种结构为_____________________。 2. 2.队列的插入操作是在队列的___尾______进行，删除操作是在队列的____首______进行。 3. 3.当用长度为N的数组顺序存储一个栈时，假定用top==N表示栈空，则表示栈满的条件是 ___top==0___(要超出才为满)_______________。 4. 4.对于一个长度为n的单链存储的线性表，在表头插入元素的时间复杂度为_________，在表尾插 入元素的时间复杂度为____________。 5. 5.设W为一个二维数组，其每个数据元素占用4个字节，行下标i从0到7 ，列下标j从0到3 ， 则二维数组W的数据元素共占用＿_____＿个字节。W中第6 行的元素和第4 列的元素共占用＿_______＿个字节。若按行顺序存放二维数组W，其起始地址为100，则二维数组元素W[6，3]的起始地址为＿________＿。 6. 6.广义表A= (a,(a,b),((a,b),c)),则它的深度为____________，它的长度为____________。 7.7.二叉树是指度为2的____________________树。一棵结点数为N的二叉树，其所有结点的度的 总和是_____________。 8.8.对一棵二叉搜索树进行中序遍历时，得到的结点序列是一个______________。对一棵由算术表 达式组成的二叉语法树进行后序遍历得到的结点序列是该算术表达式的__________________。
a(an) actor after afternoon am a.m./A.M. America American and apple are arm armchair art at aunt autumn bag ball balloon banana basket basketball bear bed bedroom bee big bike bird black blackboard blouse blue book bottle box boy bread brother brown brush bus by by bus/bike cake can(could) Canada candy cap car carrot cat CD chair chicken China Chinese chocolate class classmate classroom clock cloudy coat cock coffee Coke cold
colour(color) come computer cool cow crane cucumber cup dad dance daughter day desk dinner do doctor dog doll door doughnut draw dress drink driver duck ear egg eggplant eight eighteen elephant eleven E-mail/e-mail England English Englishman(English woman) eraser evening eye face family farmer fat father fifteen fifty fine fish five floor food foot football forty four fourteen fox French fries Friday friend from fruit fruit juice funny game get up giraffe girl
附录习题参考答案 习题1参考答案 1.1.选择题 (1). A. (2). A. (3). A. (4). B.,C. (5). A. (6). A. (7). C. (8). A. (9). B. (10.) A. 1.2.填空题 (1). 数据关系 (2). 逻辑结构物理结构 (3). 线性数据结构树型结构图结构 (4). 顺序存储链式存储索引存储散列表（Hash）存储 (5). 变量的取值范围操作的类别 (6). 数据元素间的逻辑关系数据元素存储方式或者数据元素的物理关系 (7). 关系网状结构树结构 (8). 空间复杂度和时间复杂度 (9). 空间时间 (10). Ο(n) 1.3 名词解释如下： 数据：数据是信息的载体，是计算机程序加工和处理的对象，包括数值数据和非数值数据。数据项：数据项指不可分割的、具有独立意义的最小数据单位，数据项有时也称为字段或域。数据元素：数据元素是数据的基本单位，在计算机程序中通常作为一个整体进行考虑和处理，一个数据元素可由若干个数据项组成。 数据逻辑结构：数据的逻辑结构就是指数据元素间的关系。 数据存储结构：数据的物理结构表示数据元素的存储方式或者数据元素的物理关系。 数据类型：是指变量的取值范围和所能够进行的操作的总和。 算法：是对特定问题求解步骤的一种描述，是指令的有限序列。 1.4 语句的时间复杂度为： (1) Ο(n2) (2) Ο(n2) (3) Ο(n2) (4) Ο(n-1) (5) Ο(n3) 1.5 参考程序： main() { int X,Y,Z； scanf(“%d, %d, %d”,&X,&Y,Z)； if (X>=Y) if(X>=Z) if (Y>=Z) { printf(“%d, %d, %d”,X,Y,Z);} else { printf(“%d, %d, %d”,X,Z,Y);}
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020年11月测试 英语试卷 本试卷共150分，考试时间100分钟。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题3分，满分45分） 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C 和D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 A Autumn is great for European walking: paths are mud-free, temperatures are mild, crowds are few and beautiful colors abound. The following are four European adventures to walk your way through autumn. The unknown Cilento South of Italy’s Amalfi Coast hides a much less discovered wonderland. Af ter stopping to view the marvelous Greek temple remains at Paestum, Sherpa’s next destination concentrates on the Cilento National Park —first following its rugged seashore past the occasional myrtle grove (小树林), and sandy beach, then leaving modernity behind and venturing inland to medieval (中世纪的) hilltop towns. Home-cooked dinners conclude exciting days of goat tracks and ghost villages before a scenic path leads back to the seaside. Four nights ￡630 half board, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure October 31. Turkish delights Follow an impressive section of Turkey’s expansive Lycian Way, gradually moving from cliffs to coastline. You’ll begin in pine-filled peaks, typically on shaded paths to sea views, and stop at both a pool-boasting upscale hotel and one of the Yanartas region’s ever-burning flames —possibly fueled by a monster below. A fine fish restaurant comes next, then a mile-long sandy beach ahead of two days on lonely Cape Gelidonya, finishing by its lighthouse. Six nights ￡790, including ten other meals, transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure in early November. Carpathian clambers Poland and Slovakia are separated by the Carpathian Mountains and their large forest-filled valleys.Starting and ending in Krakow, this trip covers both countries. Some days include the option of climbing to snowy peaks or taking easier, lower-altitude options, and you’ll likely meet the Gorals —a culturally-distinct group known as “highlanders”. Most memor able activity will be walking along the 300m-high Dunajec River to spa town Szczawnica. Seven nights ￡630, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure October 24. Flowers and feta Greece’s Pelion Peninsula is a place known as the “Land of the Centaurs (人首马身的怪物)” for its association with the mythological horse-human hybrids. Between villages of whitewashed, flower-decorated stone houses, walkers can follow old paths onto mountainsides, and wander through olive groves or beside the glittering Aegean Sea. Some days yield swimming opportunities, and others the chance to recharge in a local pub of some bean soup and feta-cheese bread. Seven nights ￡535, including transport, luggage transfers and walking notes. Last departure October 23. 1．What can you do when you are in the unknown Cilento? A．Swim in a pool. B．Have a spa. C．Explore medieval towns. D．Walk through olive groves. 2．Which destination is your best choice if you intend to travel to Europe after October? A．Turkey. B．Cilento. C．Greece. D．Krakow.
第1章 绪论 1.1 简述下列术语：数据，数据元素、数据对象、数据结构、存储结构、数据类型和抽象数据类型。 解：数据是对客观事物的符号表示。在计算机科学中是指所有能输入到计算机中并被计算机程序处理的符号的总称。 数据元素是数据的基本单位，在计算机程序中通常作为一个整体进行考虑和处理。 数据对象是性质相同的数据元素的集合，是数据的一个子集。 数据结构是相互之间存在一种或多种特定关系的数据元素的集合。 存储结构是数据结构在计算机中的表示。 数据类型是一个值的集合和定义在这个值集上的一组操作的总称。 抽象数据类型是指一个数学模型以及定义在该模型上的一组操作。是对一般数据类型的扩展。 1.2 试描述数据结构和抽象数据类型的概念与程序设计语言中数据类型概念的区别。 解：抽象数据类型包含一般数据类型的概念，但含义比一般数据类型更广、更抽象。一般数据类型由具体语言系统内部定义，直接提供给编程者定义用户数据，因此称它们为预定义数据类型。抽象数据类型通常由编程者定义，包括定义它所使用的数据和在这些数据上所进行的操作。在定义抽象数据类型中的数据部分和操作部分时，要求只定义到数据的逻辑结构和操作说明，不考虑数据的存储结构和操作的具体实现，这样抽象层次更高，更能为其他用户提供良好的使用接口。 1.3 设有数据结构(D,R)，其中 {}4,3,2,1d d d d D =，{}r R =，()()(){}4,3,3,2,2,1d d d d d d r = 试按图论中图的画法惯例画出其逻辑结构图。 解： 1.4 试仿照三元组的抽象数据类型分别写出抽象数据类型复数和有理数的定义（有理数是其分子、分母均为自然数且分母不为零的分数）。 解： ADT Complex{ 数据对象：D={r,i|r,i 为实数} 数据关系：R={
中学生标准学术能力诊断性测试2020 年 5 月测 试 英语试卷 本试卷共150 分，考试时间100 分钟。 第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分60 分） 第一节（共15 小题；每小题3 分，满分45 分） A Summer is that time of this year 2019 when everyone looks to escape from the boring activities of life. So bring your kids to join us to have fun in the summer camp. Outdoor Word Game: All you need to do is setting up many huge letters that can be easily moved. These letters will help kids spell out certain words. Teenagers would also love something like this as it gives them the opportunity to invest their time in learning new words. Spray Painting: To bring out the creativity in a person, an activity centered on spray painting is the perfect way to get those creative juices flowing. All you need to do is providing plain white T-shirts and some cans of colored spray paint. It will be quite surprising to see some of the original ideas that will flow from individuals. Outdoor Twister: A person will be in charge of monitoring the game and will call out colors which can be placed outdoors. Participants have the task of placing either their hands or legs on the same color. A fun and exciting game focuses on hand-eye coordination（协调）. The Maze（迷宫）: One of the funniest games is the hallway maze game where a maze is constructed from either toilet paper or strings of paper. The chosen participant is then asked to make his way through the maze within a limited time without touching paper. This is one of the best and entertaining summer camp ideas for kids and adults also. 1.Which activity most probably needs some imagination? A．Outdoor Word Game. B．Spray Painting. C．Outdoor Twister. D．The Maze. 2.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.The maze is made of toilet paper in The Maze. B.You have to spray juice on your T-shirt in Spray Painting. C.Outdoors Twister tests whether you are good at controlling your body movement. D.You have to bring some huge letters to play in Outdoor Word Games. 3.Who is the article intended for? A.Parents. B．Children. C．Teachers. D．Teenagers. B What makes a person sexy? Looks, talent, public image and how we accordingly view their personality all play into why we find ourselves attracted to certain celebrities and public figures. Every year, People put it all together when they name their “Sexies t Man Alive”. This year, the magazine decided that United States musician John Roger Stephens, better known as John Legend, has the full package. The title comes following some impressive achievements for the 40-year-old. He is among the youngest people to win an Emmy, Grammy, Oscar and Tony award, and the first African-American man to win all four of them. With numerous awards and nominations, an Ivy-League degree, and a handsome face, Legend has gained huge popularity worldwide. However, his dedication to family life maybe what wins over many. After getting married to US model Chrissy Teigen in 2013, Legend is the father of one son and one daughter. He’s not shy about telling the world their love is permanent. On the inside of Legend’s arm, there is a tattoo that says “Chrissy Luna Miles”, the names of his wife and children. In fact, Legend has gained strength from his family since childhood. He still remembers the days when his family would gather around his grandmother’s piano to sing Christmas songs. This inspired his passion for music. His best-known single, All of Me, is a love song to his wife. When he performed it at the 2014 Grammy Awards, many were touched by his delicate voice and the deep love beneath. “The more you know someone, the more you’re inspired by your relationship,” Legend told LA Confidential Magazine. “You have to grow enough to be able to write that song with sincerity and authenticit y.” Despite his onstage confidence, Legend had to work to become a legend. As a teenager, he was the smallest kid in class. “I was always less mature, less at ease socially. I had plenty of awkward times,” he told People. “Most of your teenage years, into your twenties, you’re still figuring out who you are, how you present yourself to the world ... Eventually, I think you get more at ease with yourself.” Indeed, knowing who you are and be yourself could be the real key to attractiveness. 4.What plays the biggest part in making Legend popular worldwide? A．High-level education. B．Handsome look. C．Efforts put in family. D．Talent in music. 5.What does the third paragraph mainly talk about? A.Legend’s hobby as a boy. B.Legend’s family members.
2018天津初等英语水平考试（五级）答案及解析 第?部分 阅读理解 第一大题：完形填空 1. 答案：D 【解析】联系上下?语境，“每晚很晚回家，但我从未对?作感到过厌烦，因为我知道我已经打动了某些?的内?”所以应该是，touch one’s heart, 打动某?的内?。Hurt one’s heart, 伤了某?的?。Follow one’s heart, 跟着感觉?。Break one’s heart, 让??碎。 2.答案： B 【解析】当她突然停下来的时候，我们正在谈论神秘的晚餐。这?需要特别区别when, as , while 的?法。When 从句的动词既可以是瞬间动词，也可以是延续性动词。表?突然，?瞬间，很短时间。While 从句动词必须是延续性动词，表?长时间。As 表?两个动作同时发?。所以选择when. 3. 答案：A 【解析】当我询问她怎么了的时候，她只是微笑着，握着我的?。What’s wrong, ?于询问怎么了，有什么不适。
【解析】她看着我，好像我们不会再见到彼此。Never, 从未，决不。 5. 答案：D 【解析】然后，她突然说：“你是我的天使”。联系上下?，应该选择angel, 天使。Partner 表?伙伴，manager 表?管理?员，leader 表?领导。 6. 答案：A 【解析】你待我就像我们是?家??样。As though, 好像。根据语意，应该选择family,家?，家庭。Group ?组。Team，组，队。Unit，单元，单位。 7. 答案：D 【解析】这?在我最后的???，你曾给予我欢乐。所以选择joy, 欢乐。Knowledge,知识。Money，?钱。Medicine，药品。 8. 答案：B 【解析】联系上下?，Retta去世的消息，应该是坏消息，选择 bad。Welcome，受欢迎的。Wonderful,精彩的。Good，好的。