GRE的issue高分作文解析

GRE写作ISSUE拿到高分只需抓住3点GRE写作ISSUE拿到高分只需抓住3点原来突破4分+如此轻松我是复习了一个月的awa，GRE其他的东西都先放在了一边。

一开始的时候，每天写3篇issue(因为觉得argument比较简单)，后来发现时间来不及了，就改成每天写10个issue的提纲，以及每天10个argument的提纲，总算在考试之前把所有的issue题目都列了提纲。

我是一开始照着官方的题库写的文章，后来才发现有分类的总结，才在考试前两天看了一下，发现归类的很好，全写完后再看分好类的题目会有一种一览众山小的感觉。

真是特别感谢那些前辈们!参加新GRE考试报名的考生可以作为参考，对于新GRE作文issue有一点心得，总结如下：一、宗旨1.老美是一个崇尚自由，个性，创造力，个人能力的国家，所以我们的立题最后也是偏向这一方面。

从ETS的出题倾向中可以很明显的感觉到这种偏好。

2.对于很肯定的题目，不要脚踩两只船，要有自己鲜明的观点!(我觉得凭自己的水平是写不好两边都讨好的题目的，所以与其攻其十指，不如伤其一指。

)3.论点不要重复题目。

由于我有时候找不出什么论点了，会把题目的再重复一遍，所以也想提醒一下和自己有相同毛病的g友，不要犯同样的错误。

其实有时候可以把题目再读一遍，你就会有新的发现。

二、审题1.题目中的话说到绝对的，就diagree比如题目中有这些词的as long as，anything，everything，all，only，我们可以把它们作为一个论点进行攻击，这是很容易找到反例的。

我考试的时候就遇到了这样的情况：题目是：Practicality is now our GREat idol，which all powers and talents must serve. Anything that is not obviously practical has little value in today s world.可以看到题目中有三处很绝对的地方(all，anything，little )，一一反驳就是三个论点了。

英语考试作文GRE考试ISSUE写作经典范文赏析政治问题本篇文章是有关国家、社会政治问题的。

谈起政治，有些同学可能会很头痛，因为在政治方面有很多专用的名词。

如果不能够正确使用一些词语或者固定说法以及一些联盟的简称，那么写出来的文章让阅卷人考到后就会觉得贻笑大方。

本文为考生分析了常考政治题目的出题方向，并罗列出来文章大纲，希望考生能够认真阅读，牢记自己不会使用的政治专用名词。

GRE330高分学霸分享复习经验一、国家政治：The surest indicator of a great nation is represented not by the achievements of its rulers, artists, or scientists, but by the general welfare of its people.一个国家的伟大体现在国民的安乐上，而不是体现在统治者、艺术家或科学家的成就上。

GRE写作如何让举例论证更有说服力?名师指点写作论据素材分类和正确用法1. It is true that the general welfare of its all people is a reliable indicator of a great nation. The welfare of the people, including the living condition, social security system and charity of developed country is often far better than those of developing countries.2. On the other hand, however, the achievements of its rulers, artists and scientists are of equal important, which by their way bring the aim of welfare of its people into fruition.1) As what is mentioned above, when we speak of “promoting the general welfare”, we refer to the following index: public health and safety, security against invasion, individual liberty and freedom as well as a high standard of living, while all of these are brought about by its rulers, artists and scientist.2) Scientific and technological achievements serve in the first place to enhance a nation’s general welfare. (Advance in medical treatment, transportation, communication, etc.)3) Artistic achievements could not be neglected,though. They help to make a nation a better place to reside. (Provide inspiration, life people’s spirit and bring about creativity and imagination, all of which spur us to make more accomplishments.)4) Yet the achievements of artists and scientist, while integral, are insufficient. The military and diplomatic accomplishment of its leaders could neither be ignored in the general welfare of a nation. (The War of Independence)二、社会政治：Claim: In any field—business, politics, education, government those in power should step down after five years.Reason: The surest path to success for any enterprise is revitalization through new leadership.结论：如商业、政治、教育、政府，在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位在任何领域中的掌权者应该在五年后就让位。

36 Governments should not fund any scientific research whose consequences are unclear.I agree with the speaker's broad assertion that money spent on research is generallymoney well invested. However, the speaker unnecessarily extends this broad assertion to embrace research whose results are "controversial," while ignoring certain compelling reasonswhy some types of research might be unjustifiable. My points of contention with the speaker involves the fundamental objectives and nature of research, as discussed below. I concede that the speaker is on the correct philosophical side of this issue. After all, research is the exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems. Research is also the chief means by which we humans attempt to satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge, and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us. Yet, in the very notion of research also lies my first point of contention with the speaker, who illogically presumes that we can know the results of research before we invest in it. To the contrary, if research is to be of any value it must explore uncharted andunpredictable territory. In fact, query whether research whose benefits are immediate andpredictable can break any new ground, or whether it can be considered "research" at all.While we must invest in research irrespective of whether the results might be controversial, at the same time we should be circumspect about research whose objectives are too vague and whose potential benefits are too speculative. After all, expensive research always carries significant opportunity costs--in terms of how the money might be spent toward addressing society's more immediate problems that do not require research. One apt illustration of this point involves the so-called "Star Wars" defense initiative, championed by the Reagan administration during the 1980s. In retrospect, this initiative was ill-conceived and largely a waste of taxpayer dollars; and few would dispute that the exorbitant amount of money devoted to the initiative could have gone a long way toward addressing pressing social problems of the day--by establishing after-school programs for delinquent latchkey kids, by enhancing AIDS awareness and education, and so forth. As it turns out, at the end ofthe Star Wars debacle we were left with rampant gang violence, an AIDS epidemic, and an unprecedented federal budget deficit. The speaker's assertion is troubling in two other aspects as well. First, no amount of research can completely solve the enduring problem of war, poverty, and violence, for the reason that they stem from certain aspects of human nature--such as aggression and greed. Although human genome research might eventually enable us to engineer away those undesirable aspects of our nature, in the meantime it is up to our economists, diplomats, social reformers, and jurists--not our research laboratories--to mitigate these problems. Secondly, for every new research breakthrough that helps reduce human suffering is another that serves primarily to add to that suffering. For example, while some might argue that physics researchers who harnessed the power of the atom have provided us with an alternative source of energy and invaluable "peace-keepers," this argument flies in the face of the hundreds of thousands of innocent people murdered and maimed by atomic blasts, and by nuclear meltdowns. And, in fulfilling the promise of "better living through chemistry" research has given us chemical weapons for human slaughter. In short, so-called "advances" that scientific research has brought about often amount to net losses for humanity.In sum, the speaker's assertion that we should invest in research whose results are整体评价：1. 文章整理的论述比较通畅2. 但是这篇文章的结构存在一些瑕疵，如开头段过长，涵盖了过多的细节，容易和后面的内容雷同money well invested 用的 很好，很地道这里的论述有些过于细致，可以放到让步段去详细解释ing 用词很地道这段话的精髓就是后面例子的列举，有效地 证明了盲目投入的 恶果这段话是想说明不要不急后果的投入，中心句可以说的更直白一点 Ignoring reasonablespeculation of researchwill impede social progress, even bringing more social issues. 这个as well 用的不好，前后内容不是并列的这段内容说的有些笼统 虽然两个点都有所 涉及，但是没有说 明白第一，这个可以说实验的结论不完全取决于实验本身第二，这个可以说下定义，解释说明实验的影响对不同的人群有不同的影响not 这里少了一个重要的否定词大家要注意，我们对题目内容的改写一定要准确"controversial" begs the question, because we cannot know whether research will turn out controversial until we've invested in it. As for the speaker's broader assertion, I agree thatmoney spent on research is generally a sound investment because it is an investment in the advancement of human knowledge and in human imagination and spirit. Nevertheless, whenwe do research purely for its own sake without aim or clear purpose--we risk squandering resources which could have been applied to relieve the immediate suffering of our dispirited,disadvantaged, and disenfranchised members of society. In the final analysis, given finite economic resources we are forced to strike a balance in how we allocate those resourcesamong competing societal objectives. sound investment和 前面的money wellinvested很好的对应 如果时间有限，结尾 可以不用写这么长。

GREIssue思路解析5篇突破GRE考试难点:GRE Issue思路解析社会与文化类研究社会的方法_ _2_. Claim: The best way to understand the character of a society is toe_amine the character of the men and women that the society chooses as itsheroes or its role models.Reason: Heroes and role models reveal a society s highest ideals.Write a response in which you discuss the e_tent to which you agree ordisagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.先说reason:英雄确实体现了社会的最高理念,它们体现了人们所追求的东西成功观(古今对比)(参见翻译练习)道德理想(中西对比或者古今对比)我们经常追捧的英雄人物是舍小家为大家,甚至连自己家庭都不顾,体现的是一种极端的利他主义要求;美国经常谈论的英雄人物确实为了保护家庭对抗坏人,显然更符合人性.再说claim:承认确实能够体现社会的最高追求,但是也意味着不能体现社会中残酷的现实生活水平,道德水平(对比英雄和平民)突破GRE考试难点:GRE Issue思路解析社会与文化类研究社会的方法_ _2_2. The best way to understand the character of a society is to e_aminethe character of the men and women that the society chooses as its heroes or itsrole models.Write a response in which you discuss the e_tent to which you agree ordisagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be suretoaddress the most compelling reasons and/or e_amples that could be used tochallenge your position.突破GRE考试难点:GRE Issue思路解析社会与文化类研究社会的方法77. The most effective way to understand contemporary culture is to analyzethe trends of its youth.Write a response in which you discuss the e_tent to which you agree ordisagree with the statement and e_plain your reasoning for the position youtake. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider waysinwhich the statement might or might not hold true and e_plain how theseconsiderations shape your position.Born and raised in contemporary world, it is the young people who are themost deeply influenced by values of contemporary world.(男女.种族.取向平等,民主,世界化的理念)Many aspects of contemporary culture arise in recent years. Since most middle aged and elderly people are not used to changes, most of these newphenomena are attributed to a society’s young people, the group that is the mostready to embrace e_otic ideas and tosubvert e_isting patterns. As a result, by e_amining young people’s habitsand minds, we can know a lot about the trends of society. In fact, almost everynew fashion is led by young people, as can be seen from things they wear, programs they watch, language they use and eve n people they date…However, because of the limit in their financial power and politicalstrength, young people’s voice is quite weak in areas with high threshold, likepolitics and business. The organization and operation of these fields aredetermined by the social elites, who often have accumulated their resources andcultivated their sophistication for decades. For e_ample, in China’s politicalworld… (connection policy) 与年轻人的理想性反而是相矛盾的突破GRE考试难点:GRE Issue思路解析社会与文化类研究社会的方法5 _75. Claim: Governments must ensure that their major cities receive thefinancial support they need in order to thrive.Reason: It is primarily in cities that a nation s cultural traditions arepreserved and generated.Write a response in which you discuss the e_tent to which you agree or disagree with the claim and the reason on which that claim is based.大城市起源:人群聚集地,流传的文化要有足够的从事者,尤其古代只有大城市才有人群的密集.(建筑.歌剧.交响乐)小地方起源:浓厚乡土气息,地方特色,与众不同,非主流(牛仔.乡村音乐)Preservation大城市的保存:静态的(博物馆.艺术馆)小地方的保存:自然的传承(受到的文化冲击小,对比大城市)Claim:有道理,不管reason对不对,都应该提供大城市的发展,因为他仍然是社会经济.科技.政治.交通等的枢纽……突破GRE考试难点:GRE Issue思路解析社会与文化类研究社会的方法5 _7_7. It is primarily in cities that a nation s cultural traditions aregenerated and preserved.Write a response in which you discuss the e_tent to which you agree ordisagree with the statement and e_plain your reasoning for the position youtake. In developing and supporting your position, you shouldconsider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true ande_plain how these considerations shape your position.大城市起源:人群聚集地,流传的文化要有足够的从事者,尤其古代只有大城市才有人群的密集.(建筑.歌剧.交响乐)小地方起源:浓厚乡土气息,地方特色,与众不同,非主流(牛仔.乡村音乐)Preservation大城市的保存:静态的(博物馆.艺术馆)小地方的保存:自然的传承(受到的文化冲击小,对比大城市)Claim:有道理,不管reason对不对,都应该提供大城市的发展,因为他仍然是社会经济.科技.政治.交通等的枢纽……GRE Issue思路解析整合5篇。

GREIssue写作⾼分经验技巧参考
GRE Issue写作⾼分经验技巧参考
⼀、结构：
我个⼈的结构⼀般都是五段。

开头+三段展开+结尾升华。

这个⽐较中规中矩，三段也基本能把想说的话都说完。

⼆、逻辑：
我认为逻辑主要在中间三段。

开头只不过是引⼀下题，表⼀下态。

具体操作我会在字数⾥⾯提到。

结尾我认为主要就是升华⼀下。

把讨论推倒⼀个⾼度。

除⾮时间不够，我感觉结尾最好不要再把开头重写⼀遍，或者把前头论述简明总结⼀下。

读⽂章的⼈智商是⾜以记得我们之前说了啥的，不⽤结尾提醒。

我在美国的⼀个华裔⽂科⽼师说过，中国⼈就应该把⾃⼰平时写作的.结尾当成英⽂写作的开头，因为我们中⽂的结尾⼀般都是总结全⽂。

⽽英⽂习惯⼀开头就总结全⽂，把全⽂脉络写出来，那样⼤家读着⽅便。

⽽结尾，则是试图把⾃⼰的讨论上升到⼀个⾼度，或者开辟⼀个新话题，提出⼀个新问题等等。

后两者也许适⽤于学术论⽂。

但是上升到⼀个⾼度肯定适⽤于G。

这点会在思想处提到。

说到中间三段的逻辑，我⼀般会有两种选择。

⼀种是给三个⽀持论据，就是AAA形式。

⼀种是两个⽀持⼀个让步，就是AAB形式。

这个基本取材于。

下⾯阐述⼀下我的理解。

【GRE Issue写作⾼分经验技巧参考】相关⽂章：
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8.。

kthattheirdeeplyheldvaluesaretheresultofrationalchoice,butreasonoftenhaslittletodowiththewaypeopleformvalues.
大多数人认为他们深信不疑的价值观是理*选择的结果，但是理智往往对于人们形成价值观几乎根本不起作用。
以下是gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例通过这些优秀范文或是习作考生可以借鉴里面的短语句子或思路给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感
gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例
以下是gre考试写作部分issue的优秀写作实例，通过这些优秀范文或是习作，考生可以借鉴里面的短语、句子或思路，给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感。
nowadaysthereincreasinglyarisesmuchconcernaboutwhetherreasonplaysaroleinpeopleformingvaluesornot.astheassertionpresentedbyspeakerthatmostpeoplethinkthattheirdeeplyheldvaluesaretheresultofrationalchoice,butreasonoftenhaslittletodowiththewaypeopleformvalues.nevertheless,inmyopinion,thedeeplybelievedvaluesaretheresultofrationalchoicebypeopleaswellastheirancestors.
firstofall,inthefaceofdifferentvalues,peopletendtochooseonebyconsideringthoroughlyandreasonably.onepopularexampleinvolvespeoplesrationalchoicetowardthe9.11terrorism.whenthetalibangovernmentproposedandspreadthevalueofterrorismbyattackingthepentagonbuilding,theamericansaswellasallotherpeace-loversstoodouttoexcoriatetheterrorismswiththeircold-bloodedandbrutalterrors.undeniably,mostpeoplechosepeaceratherthanterrorismbyreasonablethought.accordingly,itisviapeoplerational,logical,andprudentialchoicethatdeterminetoacceptorrejectthevaluesnewlyemerged.

GRE考试：issue作文重点题目和提纲gre issue 提纲“It is dangerous to trust only intelligence.”只相信智力是危险的。

【分析题目】拿到一个题目后，我们不要忙于去写，一定要先对题目进行详细的分析。

通过题目我们知道主要论证的是intelligence的作用，因此，智力是这个题目最关键的突破点。

【提纲1】A. 无可否认的，智力因素在各个领域都很重要，无论是自然科学还是社会科学。

(论据1)Undoubtedly, intelligence plays an important role in many realms, including the natural science and the social sciences.B.要想成功光靠智力是远远不够的，还有很多其他的因素如勤奋、勇敢等。

(论据2)Intelligence by itself is not enough for one to succeed; many other factors such as diligence and courage must be taken into consideration.C.应该在此二者之间寻求平衡，即将两者结合起来。

We should strive for a balance between intelligence and emotion, that is, combine them with each other.【提纲2】Position: Intelligence is sufficient in some cases but not in any case.1、In scientific studies regarding the physical world, we should depend only on intelligence for discovering and testing truths.2、However, in the realm of human affairs, we have to use both our intelligence and our hearts for solving problems.3、Sometimes our intuition can give us valuable assistance in making a judgment.GRE考试：issue字数gre issue 字数要求是怎样的?很多考生担心考试时issue 字数上不去。

第一类题材StudyIssue 183"As we acquire more knowledge, things do not become more comprehensible, but more complex and more mysterious."Does knowledge render things more comprehensible, or more complex and mysterious? In my view the acquisition of knowledge brings about all three at the same time.This paradoxical result is aptly explained and illustrated by a number of advances in our scientific knowledge. Consider, for example, the sonar system on which blind bats rely to navigate and especially to seek prey. Researchers have learned that this system is startlingly sophisticated. By emitting audible sounds, then processing the returning echoes, a bat can determine in a nanosecond not only how far away its moving prey is but also the prey's speed, direction, size and even specie! This knowledge acquired helps explain, of course, how bats navigate and survive. Yet at the same time this knowledge points out the incredible complexity of the auditory and brain functions of certain animals, even of mere humans, and creates a certain mystery and wonder about how such systems ever evolved organically.Or consider our knowledge of the universe. Advances in telescope andspace-exploration technology seem to corroborate the theory of a continually expanding universe that began at the very beginning of time with a "big bang." On one level this knowledge, assuming it qualifies as such, helps us comprehend our place in the universe and our ultimate destiny. Yet on the other hand it adds yet another chapter to the mystery about what existed before time and the universe.Or consider the area of atomic physics. The naked human eye perceives very little, of course, of the complexity of matter. To our distant ancestors the physical world appeared simple--seemingly comprehensible by means of sight and touch. Then by way of scientific knowledge we learned that all matter is comprised of atoms, which are further comprised of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Then we discovered an even more basic unit of matter called the quark. And now a new so-called "string" theory posits the existence of an even more fundamental, and universal, unit of matter. On the one hand, these discoveries have rendered things more comprehensible, by explaining and reconciling empirical observations of how matter behaves. The string theory also reconciles the discrepancy between the quantum and wave theories of physics. On the other hand, each discovery has in turn revealed that matter is more complex than previously thought. In fact, the string theory, which is theoretically sound, calls for seven more dimensions---in addition to the three we already know about! I'm hard-pressed to imagine anything more complex or mysterious.In sum, the statement overlooks a paradox about knowledge acquired, at least when it comes to understanding the physical world. When through knowledge a thing becomes more comprehensible and explainable we realize at the same time that it is more complex and mysterious than previously thought.第二类题材SocietyIssue 140"What society has thought to be its greatest social, political, and individual achievements have often resulted in the greatest discontent."I strongly agree that great achievements often lead to great discontent. In fact, I would assert more specifically that great individual achievements can cause discontent for the individual achiever or for the society impacted by the achievement, or both. Nevertheless, it is important to acknowledge that whether a great achievement causes great discontent can depend on one's personal perspective, as well as the perspective of time.With respect to individual achievements, great achievers are by nature ambitious people and therefore tend to be dissatisfied and discontent with their accomplishments—no matter how great. Great athletes are compelled to try to better their record-breaking performances; great artists and musicians typically claim that their greatest work will be their next one--a sign of personal discontent. And many child prodigies, especially those who achieve some measure of fame early in life, later suffer psychological discontent for having "peaked" so early. Perhaps the paradigmatic modern example of a great achiever's discontent was Einstein, whose theoretical breakthroughs in physics only raised new theoretical conundrums which Einstein himself recognized and spent the last twenty years of his life struggling unsuccessfully to solve.Individual achievements can often result in discontent on a societal level. The great achievement of the individual scientists responsible for the success of the Manhattan Project resulted in worldwide anxiety over the threat of nuclear annihilation--a form of discontent with which the world's denizens will forever be forced to cope. Even individual achievements that at first glance would appear to have benefited society turn out to be causes of great discontent. Consider the invention of the automobile, along with the innovations in manufacturing processes and materials that made mass production possible. As a result we have become a society enslaved to our cars, relying on them as crutches not only for transportation but also for affording us a false sense of socioeconomic status. Moreover, the development of assembly-line manufacturing has served to alienate workers from their work, which many psychologists agree causes a great deal of personal discontent.Turning from individual achievements to societal, including political, achievements, the extent to which great achievements have caused great discontent often depends on one's perspective. Consider, for example, America's spirit of Manifest Destiny during the 19th Century, or British Imperialism over the span of several centuries. From the perspective of an Imperialist, conquering other lands and peoples might be viewed as an unqualified success. However, from the viewpoint of the indigenous peoples who suffer at the hands of Imperialists, these so-called "achievements" are the source of widespread oppression and misery, and in turn discontent, to which any observant Native American or South African native could attest.The extent to which great socio-political achievements have caused great discontent also depends on the perspective of time. For example, F.D.R.'s New Deal was and still is considered by many to be one of the greatest social achievements of the 20th Century. However, we are just now beginning to realize that the social-security system that was an integral part of F.D.R.'s social program will soon result in great discontent among those workers currently paying into the system but unlikely to see any benefits after they retire.To sum up, I agree that great achievements, both individual and socio-political, often result in great discontent. Moreover, great individual achievements can result in discontent for both the individual achiever and the society impacted by the achievement. Nevertheless, in measuring the extent of discontent, we must account for varying personal and political perspectives as well as different time perspectives. 第三类题材Science & TechnologyIssue 30"The primary goal of technological advancement should be to increase people's efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time."The speaker contends that technology's primary goal should be to increase our efficiency for the purpose of affording us more leisure time. I concede that technology has enhanced our efficiency as we go about our everyday lives. Productivity software helps us plan and coordinate projects; intranets, the Internet, and satellite technology make us more efficient messengers; and technology even helps us prepare our food and access entertainment more efficiently. Beyond this concession, however, I find the speaker's contention indefensible from both an empirical and a normative standpoint.The chief reason for my disagreement lies in the empirical proof: with technological advancement comes diminished leisure time. In 1960 the average U.S. family included only one breadwinner, who worked just over 40 hours per week. Since then the average work week has increased steadily to nearly 60 hours today;and in most families there are now two breadwinners. What explains this decline in leisure despite increasing efficiency that new technologies have brought about? I contend that technology itself is the culprit behind the decline. We use the additional free time that technology affords us not for leisure but rather for work. As computer technology enables greater and greater office productivity it also raises our employers' expectations--or demands--for production. Further technological advances breed still greater efficiency and, in turn, expectations. Our spiraling work load is only exacerbated by the competitive business environment in which nearly all of us work today. Moreover, every technological advance demands our time and attention in order to learn how to use the new technology. Time devoted to keeping pace with technology depletes time for leisure activities.I disagree with the speaker for another reason as well:the suggestion that technology's chief goal should be to facilitate leisure is simply wrongheaded. There are far more vital concerns that technology can and should address. Advances in bio-technology can help cure and prevent diseases; advances in medical technology can allow for safer, less invasive diagnosis and treatment; advances in genetics can help prevent birth defects; advances in engineering and chemistry can improve the structural integrity of our buildings, roads, bridges and vehicles; information technology enables education while communication technology facilitates global participation in the democratic process. In short, health, safety, education, and freedom--and not leisure--are the proper final objectives of technology. Admittedly, advances in these areas sometimes involve improved efficiency; yet efficiency is merely a means to these more important ends.In sum, I find indefensible the speaker's suggestion that technology's value lies chiefly in the efficiency and resulting leisure time it can afford us. The suggestion runs contrary to the overwhelming evidence that technology diminishes leisure time, and it wrongly places leisure ahead of goals such as health, safety, education, and freedom as technology's ultimate aims.第四类题材PoliticsIssue 8"It is often necessary, even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public."I agree with the speaker that it is sometimes necessary, and even desirable, for political leaders to withhold information from the public. A contrary view would reveal a naivety about the inherent nature of public politics, and about the sorts of compromises on the part of well-intentioned political leaders necessary in order to further the public's ultimate interests. Nevertheless, we must not allow our political leaders undue freedom to withhold information, otherwise, we risk sanctioningdemagoguery and undermining the philosophical underpinnings of any democratic society.One reason for my fundamental agreement with the speaker is that in order to gain the opportunity for effective public leadership, a would-be leader must first gain and maintain political power. In the game of politics, complete forthrightness is a sign of vulnerability and naivety, neither of which earn a politician respect among his or her opponents, and which those opponents will use to every advantage to defeat the politician. In my observation some measure of pandering to the electorate is necessary to gain and maintain political leadership. For example, were all politicians to fully disclose every personal foibles, character flaw, and detail concerning personal life, few honest politicians would ever by elected. While this view might seem cynical, personal scandals have in fact proven the undoing of many a political career; thus I think this view is realistic.Another reason why I essentially agree with the speaker is that fully disclosing to the public certain types of information would threaten public safety and perhaps even national security. For example, if the President were to disclose the government's strategies for thwarting specific plans of an international terrorist or a drug trafficker, those strategies would surely fail, and the public's health and safety would be compromised as a result. Withholding information might also be necessary to avoid public panic. While such cases are rare, they do occur occasionally. For example, during the first few hours of the new millennium the U.S. Pentagon's missile defense system experienced a Y2K- related malfunction. This fact was withheld from the public until later in the day, once the problem had been solved; and legitimately so, since immediate disclosure would have served no useful purpose and might even have resulted in mass hysteria.Having recognized that withholding information from the public is often necessary to serve the interests of that public, legitimate political leadership nevertheless requires forthrightness with the citizenry as to the leader's motives and agenda. History informs us that would-be leaders who lack such forthrightness are the same ones who seize and maintain power either by brute force or by demagoguery--that is, by deceiving and manipulating the citizenry. Paragons such as Genghis Khan and Hitler, respectively, come immediately to mind. Any democratic society should of course abhor demagoguery, which operates against the democratic principle of government by the people. Consider also less egregious examples, such as President Nixon's withhold ing of information about his active role in the Watergate cover-up. His behavior demonstrated a concern for self- interest above the broader interests of the democratic system that granted his political authority in the first place.In sum, the game of politics calls for a certain amount of disingenuousness and lackof forthrightness that we might otherwise characterize as dishonesty. And suchbehavior is a necessary means to the final objective of effective political leadership. Nevertheless, in any democracy a leader who relies chiefly on deception and secrecy to preserve that leadership, to advance a private agenda, or to conceal selfish motives, betrays the democracy-and ends up forfeiting the political game.第五类题材MediaIssue 38"In the age of television, reading books is not as important as it once was. People can learn as much by watching television as they can by reading books."The speaker contends that people learn just as much from watching television as by reading books, and therefore that reading books is not as important for learning as it once was. I strongly disagree. I concede that in a few respects television, including video, can be a more efficient and effective means of learning. In most respects, however, these newer media serve as poor substitutes for books when it comes to learning.Admittedly, television holds certain advantages over books for imparting certain types of knowledge. For the purpose of documenting and conveying temporal, spatial events and experiences, film and video generally provide a more accurate and convincing record than a book or other written account. For example, it is impossible for anyone, no matter how keen an observer and skilled a journalist, to recount in complete and objective detail such events as a Ballanchine ballet, or the scene at the intersection of Florence and Normandy streets during the 1992 Los Angeles riots.Besides, since the world is becoming an increasingly eventful place, with each passing day it becomes a more onerous task for journalists, authors, and book publishers to recount these events, and disseminate them in printed form. Producers of televised broadcasts and videos have an inherent advantage in this respect. Thus the speaker's claim has some merit when it comes to arts education and to learning about modern and current events.However, the speaker overlooks several respects in which books are inherently superior to television as a medium for learning. Watching television or a video is no indication that any significant learning is taking place; the comparatively passive nature of these media can render them ineffectual in the learning process. Also, books are far more portable than television sets. Moreover, books do not break, and they do not depend on electricity, batteries, or access to airwaves or cable connections, which may or may not be available in a given place. Finally, the effort required to read actively imparts a certain discipline which serves any person well throughout a lifetime of learning.The speaker also ignores the decided tendency on the part of owners and managers of television media to filter information in order to appeal to the widest viewing audience, and thereby maximize profit. And casting the widest possible net seems to involve focusing on the sensational---that is, an appeal to our emotions and baser instincts rather than our intellect and reasonableness. The end result is that viewers do not receive complete, unfiltered, and balanced information, and therefore cannot rely on television to develop informed and intelligent opinions about important social and political issues.Another compelling argument against the speaker's claim has to do with how well books and television serve their respective archival functions. Books readily enable readers to review and cross-reference material, while televised broadcasts do not. Even the selective review of videotape is far more trouble than it is worth, especially if a printed resource is also available. Moreover, the speaker's claim carries the implication that all printed works, fiction and non-fiction alike, not transferred to a medium capable of being televised, are less significance as a result. This implication serves to discredit the invaluable contributions of all the philosophers, scientists, poets, and others of the past, upon whose immense shoulders society stands today.A final argument that books are made no less useful by television has to do with the experience of perusing the stacks in a library, or even a bookstore. Switching television channels, or even scanning a video library, simply cannot duplicate this experience. Why not? Browsing among books allows for serendipity--unexpectedly coming across an interesting and informative book while searching for something else, or for nothing in particular. Moreover, browsing through a library or bookstore is a pleasurable sensory experience for many people--an experience that the speaker would have us forego forever.In sum, television and video can be more efficient than books as a means of staying abreast of current affairs, and for education in the arts that involve moving imagery. However, books facilitate learning in certain ways that television does not and cannot. In the final analysis, the optimal approach is to use both media side by side--television to keep us informed and to provide moving imagery, along with books to provide perspective and insight on that information and imagery.第六类题材InternationalIssue 13"Many of the world's lesser-known languages are being lost as fewer and fewer people speak them. The governments of countries in which these languages are spoken should act to prevent such languages from becoming extinct."The speaker asserts that governments of countries where lesser-known languages are spoken should intervene to prevent these languages from becoming extinct. I agree insofar as a country's indigenous and distinct languages should not be abandoned and forgotten altogether. At some point, however, I think cultural identity should yield to the more practical considerations of day-to-day life in a global society.On the one hand, the indigenous language of any geographical region ispart-and-parcel of the cultural heritage of the region's natives. In my observation we humans have a basic psychological need for individual identity, which we define by way of our membership in distinct cultural groups. A culture defines itself in various ways--by its unique traditions, rituals, mores, attitudes and beliefs, but especially language. Therefore, when a people's language becomes extinct the result is a diminished sense of pride, dignity, and self- worth.One need look no further than continental Europe to observe how people cling tenaciously to their distinct languages, despite the fact that there is no practical need for them anymore. And on the other side of the Atlantic Ocean, the French Canadians stubbornly insist on French as their official language, for the sole purpose of preserving their distinct cultural heritage. Even where no distinct language exists, people will invent one to gain a sense of cultural identity, as the emergence of the distinct Eboniccant among today's African Americans aptly illustrates. In short, people resist language assimilation because of a basic human need to be part of a distinct cultural group.Another important reason to prevent the extinction of a language is to preserve the distinct ideas that only that particular language can convey. Certain Native American and Oriental languages, for instance, contain words symbolizing spiritual and other abstract concepts that only these cultures embrace. Thus, in some cases to lose a language would be to abandon cherished beliefs and ideas that can be conveyed only through language.On the other hand, in today's high-tech world of satellite communications, global mobility, and especially the Internet, language barriers serve primarily to impede cross-cultural communication, which in turn impedes international commerce and trade. Moreover, language barriers naturally breed misunderstanding, a certain distrust and, as a result, discord and even war among nations. Moreover, in my view the extinction of all but a few major languages is inexorable--as supported by the fact that the Internet has adopted English as its official language. Thus by interven ing to preserve a dying language a government might be deploying its resources to fight a losing battle, rather than to combat more pressing social problems--such as hunger, homelessness, disease and ignorance--that plague nearly every society today.In sum, preserving indigenous languages is, admittedly, a worthy goal; maintaining its own distinct language affords a people a sense of pride, dignity and self-worth. Moreover, by preserving languages we honor a people's heritage, enhance our understanding of history, and preserve certain ideas that only some languages properly convey. Nevertheless, the economic and political drawbacks of language barriers outweigh the benefits of preserving a dying language. In the final analysis, government should devote its time and resources elsewhere, and leave it to the people themselves to take whatever steps are needed to preserve their own distinct languages.第七类题材HistoryIssue 103"The study of history places too much emphasis on individuals. The most significant events and trends in history were made possible not by the famous few, but by groups of people whose identities have long been forgotten."The speaker claims that significant historical events and trends are made possible by groups of people rather than individuals, and that the study of history should emphasize the former instead of the latter. I tend to disagree with both aspects of this claim.To begin with, learning about key historical figures inspires us to achieve great things ourselves--far more so than learning about the contributions of groups of people. Moreover, history informs us that it is almost always a key individual who provide the necessary impetus for what otherwise might be a group effort, as discussed below.Admittedly, at times distinct groups of people have played a more pivotal role than key individuals in important historical developments. For example, history and art appreciate don courses that study the Middle Ages tend to focus on the artistic achievements of particular artists such as Fra Angelico, a Benedictine monk of that period. However, Western civilization owes its very existence not to a few famous painters but rather to a group of Benedictine nuns of that period. Just prior to and during the decline of the Roman Empire, many women fled to join Benedictine monasteries, bringing with them substantial dowries which they used to acquire artifacts, art works, and manuscripts. As a result, their monasteries became centers for the preservation of Western culture and knowledge which would otherwise have been lost forever with the fall of the Roman Empire.However, equally influential was Johannes Gutenberg, whose invention of the printing press several centuries later rendered Western knowledge and culture accessible to every class of people throughout the known world. Admittedly,Gutenberg was not single handedly responsible for the outcomes of his invention. Without the support of paper manufacturers, publishers, and distributors, and without a sufficient demand for printed books, Gutenberg would never have become one of the famous few. However, I think any historian would agree that studying the groups of people who rode the wave of Gutenberg's invention is secondary in understanding history to learning about the root historical cause of that wave.Generally speaking, then, undue attention to the efforts and contributions of various groups tends to obscure the cause-and-effect relationships with which the study of history is chiefly concerned. Gutenberg is just one example of an historical pattern in which it is individuals who have been ultimately responsible for the most significant developments in human history. Profound scientific inventions and discoveries of the past are nearly all attributable not to forgettable groups of people but to certain key individuals--for example, Copernicus, Newton, Edison, Einstein, Curie, and of course Gutenberg.Moreover, when it comes to seminal sociopolitical events, the speaker's claim finds even less support from the historical record. Admittedly, sweeping social changes and political reforms require the participation of large groups of people. However, I would be hard-pressed to identify any watershed sociopolitical event attributable to a leaderless group. History informs us that groups rally only when incited and inspired by key individuals.The speaker might claim that important long-term sociological trends are often instigated not by key individuals but rather by the masses. I concede that gradual shifts in demography, in cultural traditions and mores, and in societal attitudes and values can carry just as significant an historical impact as the words and deeds of "the famous few." Yet, it seems that key individuals almost invariably provide the initial spark for those trends. For instance, prevailing attitudes about sexual morality stem from the ideas of key religious leaders; and a culture's prevailing values concerning human life are often rooted in the policies and prejudices of political leaders.The speaker might also point out that history's greatest architectural and engineering feats--such as the Taj Mahal and the Great Wall--- came about only through the efforts of large groups of workers. However, it was the famousfew--monarchs in these cases whose whims and egos were the driving force behind these accomplishments.To sum up, with few historical exceptions, history is shaped by key individuals, not by nameless, faceless groups. It is the famous few that provide visions of the future, visions which groups then bring to fruition. Perhaps the speaker's claim will have more merit at the close of the next millennium since politics and science are being conducted increasingly by consortiums and committees. Yet, today it behooves us。

GRE作文5.5分轻松备考：ISSUE习作范文（4）IC： ISSUE234 - "Most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice, although they would probably deny such a preference."WORDS： 550 TIME： 0：45：00 DATE： 2007-7-31Freedom, one of the nicest 70 English words, always suggests a right of everyone in a democratic society. When it comes to the freedom of choice, there are always a host of different opinions held by different individuals in different fields. Do most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice? Admittedly, every person is willing to have the right to pursue his/her basic freedom, which reflects the nature of a democratic society. However, on many occasions people tend to one can never expect absolute freedom of choice without a single restriction or regulation. In fact, freedom is a relative concept and we should pursue freedom of choice with certain limits that cannot be obviated.As for the basic freedom, everybody has the right to pursue it. UYou can choose your hairstyle, the color of your shirt; you can decide which restaurant to have lunch and what kind of laptop you will buy. And women should have theirright to care about dress and to go to work, as well as children should have their right to play together and to go to the same school. For all black people, as Martin Luther King, the great black civil rights leader said, the basic freedom to choose to stop all discrimination should not be deprived. History is always replete with such examples.UActually, in a democratic society, no one could deny your pursuit of your basic freedom of choice in your life.However, nowadays everything in every aspect is new and complex; modern societies tend to have been making it increasingly difficult to make choices. UConsider that you are in a supermarket, in front of a host of commodities that are all colorfully wrapped and as a result, and you find that it is too hard to decide which to buy;U Uanother question makes you at a loss when you think over which school you should send your children to study in U; Uand still, even when you do not feel quiet yourself, you may have to takeinto account that which hospital you should go to U. All kinds of difficult choices are all around us that we need something to help make better choices. No wonder that most people prefer restrictions and regulations to absolute freedom of choice.Indeed, absolute freedom of choice might lead to chaos to our democratic societies. UWithout certain restrictions and regulations, how can you imagine that every person would behave himself/herself and there would not be any malefaction and how can you imagine that all the organizations of society would operate smoothly and normally? U UAs a matter of fact, even in the most democratic countries nowadays, laws and other restrictions are part and parcel of the society and even under so many laws and regulations there are still a large number of crimes such as thefts, plunders and soforth.U Actually, absolute freedom can never exist. In light of this, it would be regarded absurd to hold the proposalthat there should not be any restrictions or regulations in a democratic society.In summary, to pursue the basic freedom usually suggests a right that should be enjoyed by everyone in democratic societies. However, even in the most democratic society absolute freedom, as a matter of fact, can never exist, let alone in any other society. Wise people should enjoy their right of pursuing the basic freedom of choice, yet they should act within certain restrictions and regulations that can never be ignored.。

Issue93"The co ncept o f ’individ ual respo nsibility’ is a necessary fictio n. Althoug h socie ti es must hold individuals acco untable for their o wn actio ns, people’s behavio r is la r gely dete rmined by forces not o f their o wn making."个人责任的概念是一种有必要的虚构。

尽管必须让个人对其行为负责，但是人们的行为很大程度上是由外力而不是自己决定的。

一、题目分析跟162相似，都是论述个人责任的，也都是采取了反对的观点。

但是这个题目重点放在了对于行为的责任上面。

题目分为两句，后句对于前句基本上是起到支持的作用。

第一句：关键词：responsibility，necessary，fiction。

Respo nsibility的问题在162中已经交代，这里不说了。

而necessary fiction是什么意思呢？还是先看看M-WNecessary：adj.1 a: of a n inevitable nature: INESCAPABLE b(1) : logically unavoidable(2) : that ca nnot be denied witho ut contradiction c : de termined o r prod uced by the p re vious conditio n o f things d: COMPU LSORY2 : absolutely needed : REQU IRED可以看出，主要是两个意思，一个是不可避免的必然的，一个是绝对需要的。

这两个意思都可以，关键在于你的论点和你的定义。

Fiction：n.1 a: so me thing inve nted by the imagina tion o r feigned; specifically : an inve nt ed sto ry b: fictitious litera ture(as novels o r sho rt stories) c : a wo rk o f fiction; es pecially : N OVEL2 a: a n assump tio n of a possibility as a fact irrespective o f the q uestion o f its truth *a legal fictio n* b: a useful illusion o r pre te nse3 : the actio n of feig ning or o f crea ting with the imaginatio n可以看出1a由想象创造的或假的2a不顾真相的对于可能性的假设，都是可以的。

英语考试作文GRE考试ISSUE写作满分标准解读带你全面了解考生出题思路GRE考试，对于作文的评分给出了一些官方的评分要求，下面就为大家具体分析解读其中ISSUE作文的满分评分标准。

1. articulates a clear and insightful position on the issue in accordance with the assigned task解读：A. insightful =Data Mining 所谓深刻的洞察力文章，对于GRE这种思辨写作来说，对于题目的核心概念进行背后直接含义或者间接关联含义的挖掘是很重要甚至必要的，例如GRE作文题库有一道题目考察“我们是关注事物的差异性重要还是相似性重要”，similarity 和 difference两个词大家都认识，很多同学也能够像托福一样的写作，但是在GRE 作文中体现insightful的表现就是学会通过现象看本质，事物和相似和差异两个熟悉的背后，体现的是“Paradox”矛盾的思想，矛盾的思想就是学会观察相似事务的差异性，学会理解差异事务的相似性，这就是分析事务的科学辩证的视角，因此这给题目真正考察的其实是“看待事务的方法论”，而不是真的让你选择“哪一个重要”。

因此，在smartpigai上，所有的外教专家们都非常精通ETS的官方评分标准，甚至很多就是ETS的阅卷人，他们会在你的每一篇提交的作文上，非常深入的分析你的文章的“深度”和“挖掘质量”，帮你从这个角度严格的批改，润色甚至重写一篇范文，帮助你在上考场的那一刻已经非常坦然、从容、自信的写出一篇ETS现任考官们一定满意的作文任务。

B. position不等于attitude，在GRE issue写作里，立场不等于态度，这又是GRE作文体现逻辑辩证点考察的体现，很多高分GRE文章都是对一个事务的利弊都具体问题具体分析，并不进行倾向性的态度传递，完全可以，而且体现了思考的全面性，也符合事务的基本规律：任何事物都具有两面性。

GREissue写作范文小编给大家整理了GRE issue写作范文，希望大家可以借鉴里面的短语、句子或思路，给自己的写作找一些思路和灵感,下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。

GRE issue写作范文：冒险与计划题目：Success in any realm of life comes more often from taking chances or risks thanfrom careful and cautious planning.在生活的所有领域中，成功往往更多的来自于把握机会或者冒险而不是通过仔细谨慎的计划。

正文：The speaker asserts people are more likely to attain success when taking chancesor risks than planning carefully and cautiously. However, after comparing the characteristics of careful planning and taking chances, I strongly hold that they areof the same importance in the pursuit of success.In competitive sports, while making appropriate training plans and effective competition strategies constitute necessary conditions of winning the matches,taking risks is almost inevitable when athletes or their coaches confront a sudden matter that might influence the course of a match and that has not been taken into consideration beforehand. In modern competitive sports, it is widely acknowledged that scientific and effective training contributes to athletes’ better performanceduring matches. Good competition strategies, on the other hand, resulting in the better allocation of physical force, better use of skills or the higher rate in scoring, also play a vital role.However, when the star players of a soccer team or a basketball team are off the game or fail to implement their chief coach's strategic intention, leaving the whole team in adverseness, the coach faces the choice whether to substitute he/she or not. No doubt substituting a star player with a bench player means taking risk becausethe bench player may not perform as good as the star player and may make matters worse. If this happens, the substitution will incur discontentment of the players and critique from the team's fans, media and the boss. The capability of the coach may then be suspected and he/she may even be fired. Nevertheless, if the coach daresnot to take the risk to substitute a poorly performed star player, his/her team will probably lose the game. Taking chances and risks is reasonable when one is dealing with something that has not been taken into consideration previously. So, in competitive sports, planning and risking are both necessary.In academic fields, careful and cautious planning is required for large projects and application disciplines while revolutionary scientific breakthroughs are almost impossible without taking chances or risks. Before starting the research project on human genome, scientists had already made plans on the content and method of the research. They did not have to take any chances or risks because all they should do have already been carefully planned. There were no technical obstacles that had not been solved. Therefore, they just followed the plan step by step and accomplished the project in the end. As for significant scientific breakthroughs, they are the important discoveries and theories that disaccord, at least to some extent, with established principles or our intuitions, such as the Theory of Relativity and quantum mechanics. One has no choice but to take chances because established theories may not be applicable on the boundary of what is known and what is unknown. Only after being examined through experiments, practices and observations, can they be confirmed or belied. In a word, planning and taking chances or risks are different means for different levels of academic researches.In the business world, cautious planning contributes to the long-term development of a company and at the same time, risking is imperative for a company to survive, develop and thrive in the highly competitive society. Planning carefully on inquiring market, training stuff and manufacturing products ensure a company's long-term development by keeping its profit increasing or at least not declining. On the other hand, taking risks, such as incorporating with another company, involving in the market fields that have already been occupied by other enterprises or involving in the market fields that are not considered so profitable, is also necessary because these may save the company from the adversity or help to set foot in new businesses. Clearly,in the business field, planning and risking complement each other.To conclude, success in any realm of life comes equally from taking chances or risks and from careful and cautious planning. In most cases, they complement each other and pave the way towards success.GRE Issue写作优秀实例：达到目标的手段题目：If a goal is worthy, then any means taken to attain it are justifiable.只要值得，不择手段达到目的是合理的。

1.To be an effective leader, a public official must maintain the highest ethical and moral standards.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.这道题可以考虑分不同情况来写，可将政府官员的行为分为履行职务时的行为和私生活。

指出在履行职务时应该以最高伦理和道德标准要求自己，而在私生活方面则可以按照自己的生活方式来选择。

有人可能认为官员私生活不检点会导致民众对他不信任，我认为民众根本不应该知道官员私生活的任何信息。

政府官员在履行职责时应该保持最高的伦理道德标准。

- 防止腐败与滥用权力- 给下属做榜样、取得下属信任、团队效率- 制订符合伦理道德的政策政府官员的私生活可以有更多元化的道德标准- 消防员在非执行任务时看到火警也不必去救- 官员驾驶私家车超速应该和普通人受到同样的处罚- 官员通过某些手段合理避税也不应受到谴责有人认为私生活不检点会导致民众不信任官员不信任会导致官员无法正常履行职务但是官员的隐私应该受到保护与公职无关的私生活信息不应该被媒体传播如果民众不了解官员的私生活自然无从质疑但前提是官员不会因为私生活的问题二影响公职2.Leaders are created by the demands that are placed on them.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways in which the statement might or might not hold true and explain how these considerations shape your position.Are leaders created by demands placed on them? In most institutional settings, leaders are not created by the demands because a person can become a leader before meeting any demands if s/he masters strong communication skills, holds suitable qualifications and has extensive experiences. Nevertheless, in certain exceptional circumstances, usually in emergencies, ordinary people may become leaders in response to the demands.Without being tested by demands for leadership, people often assume leadership positions by demonstrating strong communication skills that are important for dealing with situations in which they have to lead others to solve problems. In the field of academic researches, for example, senior researchers have to communicate their research findings and the vision about how the discipline would advance clearly and persuasively to the fellow researchers in order to take up leadership positions such as editors of top journals and chairpersons of the academic societies. They also need to demonstrate their willingness to listen to other members of the research community and understand their ideas and concerns about the field. Such strong communication skills would enable them to become leaders in the field and help others to meet the challenges.In addition to communication skills, leaders also have to receive relevant training to acquire the professional qualifications and expertise that are necessary for the leadership positions. Referring to the examples of leaders in academic research field again, it is clear that anyone interested in joining an editorial board of a top journal or becoming the chairperson of an academic association must, in addition to holding a PhD in relevant fields, have published influential papers in the field and accumulated extensive administrative experiences. Usually with such publication records and relevant experiences, the person will be able to get the jobs as the leaders. In other words, taking the leadership roles in an institution does not necessarily relate to the demands for leadership.On the other hand, there are exceptional circumstances in which ordinary people may become leaders while trying to address the demands at the moment. On September 11, 2001, after three planes were hijacked and crashed to WTO twin towers and the Pentagon, the passengers of United AirlineFlight 93 revolted against the hijackers and successfully diverted the airplane from the route to Washington D.C. where the hijackers planned to crash the airplane to the White House. We do not have details about the passengers’ heroic acts but it is safe to believe that some courageous passengers and crew members had responded to the emergency demands for leadership after knowing the terrorist attacks that had happened earlier that day. These ordinary men and women became leaders of a historical anti-terrorist mission without any prior training and experiences. Their leadership was created by the demands placed on them and will be remembered in history.In conclusion, in most institutional settings, leaders are not created by demands but selected based on the candidates’ communication skills, qualifications and experiences. Nevertheless, under exceptional circumstances, ordinary people may become leaders in response to the demands for leadership.3. Scandals are useful because they focus our attention on problems in ways that no speaker or reformer ever could.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the claim. In developing and supporting your position, be sure to address the most compelling reasons and/or examples that could be used to challenge your position.With the development of modern mass media, scandals are almost ubiquitous. Hardly can a day go by without some news reporting scandals involving high-profiles politicians, athletes or movie stars. While it is true that scandals often attract public attention and may expose certain problems, I do not believe that they are useful in solving social problems as they often focus public attention on the wrong issues and can hardly maintain public attention for a sufficiently long time. After elaborating these two points, I will also address the argument that scandals can usefully create pressure for the government to introduce reforms.To begin with, the attention from the public after a scandal does not necessarily focus on the right issue. Take the Clinton scandal and impeachment for example. With the release of Starr report, the Clinton scandal has attracted the national and even international media attention. But the majority of American people seem to find it more interesting to talk about whether or not President Clinton had sex with Monica Lewinsky. They would even get into the debate over whether oral sex would count as sex. But the real issue that should capture public attention is whether or not the President had lied and still deserved the trust of American people. With the media always interested in reporting sensational news, the Clinton scandal failed to focus public attention on the right issue and therefore was not very useful for the development of American politics.In addition, when a scandal is involved in powerful corporation, a professional public relations team will very quickly take actions to address the crisis and divert the public attention from the right issues. The oil giant BP, for example, was responsible for the oil rig explosion in 2013 and subsequent oil spill in the gulf of Mexico. During the scandal of this ecological disaster, BP hired a sophisticated PR team to launch a massive campaign to paint themselves as victims of tort law suits and shift media attention from the aftermath of the oil spill. The large corporations like BP has the large amount of financial resources at their disposal to manipulate the media and the public opinions when necessary. As the public is often forgetful while overwhelmed by the news and scandals, it is fairly easy for them to get away from such scandals. In other words, one cannot really rely on scandals to solve problems involving big corporations.Some people may argue that scandals are still useful in creating pressure to push the government to reform. For example, after the scandal of Sun Zhigang, a Chinese university graduate who was tortured and killed in Guangzhou Center for the Homeless, Chinese government has abolished the institution of arresting the homeless in the large cities. While this case leads to some desirable outcome, it is doubtful that we should count on scandals like this to reform a nation’s legal and social infrastructure. To fix the numerous problems in a modern society, the best solution is to educate the people about their rights so people can speak up against injustice when their rights are violated. We cannot just overlook the injustice in our daily life and wait for scandals to fix the problems in our society.In conclusion, while I acknowledge that certain scandals may eventually lead to some progress in our society, most scandals are not very useful in reforming the society as the public often focus their attention on the wrong issues and the powerful corporations can easily divert public attention through their public relations campaigns. To achieve real progress in social development, we need better education to increase people’s awareness of their rights and their sense of justice.4.Colleges and universities should require their students to spend at least one semester studying in a foreign country.Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree or disagree with the recommendation and explain your reasoning for the position you take. In developing and supporting your position, describe specific circumstances in which adopting the recommendation would or would not be advantageous and explain how these examples shape your position.I agree that this recommendation would be beneficial for students specialising in certain disciplines such as foreign languages, international trade and comparative politics. Yet, students in other fields such as national language and literature, history and archeology would find the requirement unnecessary. Moreover, students with limited financial resources or abilities to adapt to the new environment may not benefit from the recommendation.I agree that this recommendation would be beneficial for students specialising in certain disciplines such as foreign languages, international trade and comparative politics.句子的功能：针对题目的建议提出立场，指出这个建议对某个群体的学生是有益的。

英语学习无论对于学生还是职场人士来说都是非常重要的，很多要出国留学的学生需要准备对应的托福、雅思、SAT、GRE、GMAT等留学考试，获得较高的分数才能申请相对较好的国外大学。

国内大学生经常要备考的是四六级考试，能在四六级考试中获得较高的分数，在今后的职场工作总也会有一定的优势。

英语的学习词汇是基础，各个不同等级的考试对于词汇量的要求也不同，一般要求的词汇量在3000-20000不等。

学好英语在掌握足够词汇量的基础上还要对语法有一定的了解，生活中多练习口语，掌握一些口语交流技能。

为大家整理汇总了下述英语学习材料，方便大家学习查看。

要想在考试中写好新gre作文，得日常练习题库里方作文，题库里有哪些作文题目呢快来一起学习吧。

下面就和大家，来欣一下吧。

新gre考试作文新题库解析issue1Laws should be flexible enough to take account of various circumstances,times, and places.法律应该根据不同的环境、时期和地点而足够灵活。

Write a response in which you discuss the extent to which you agree ordisagree with the statement and explain your reasoning for the position youtake. In developing and supporting your position, you should consider ways inwhich the statement might or might not hold true and explainhow theseconsiderations shape your position.文章中讨论你是在多大程度上同意或者不同意题目的论点，并解释你选取这一立场的原因。

题目：High-speed electronic communications media, such as electronic mail and television, tend to prevent meaningful and thoughtful communication.高速电子通讯媒体，例如电子邮件和电视，在逐渐地抑制有意义的和有思想性的交流。

正文：The technology is seducive:the global networks transparently transiting megabytes of information in fractions of a second; client/server softwares supporting fabulous real-time multimedia presentations on PC and MAC workstations; effortless visits to the virtual reality words. As a result, the interpersonal communication become increasingly meaningful and thoughtful in that the appearance of high-speed electronic communications media such as electronic mail and television accumulates more people in different geographicla places to a conference and facilitate their communication.No field benefits more than business in terms of commercial intercourse from the electronic communication, which can save the engaged businessmen plenty of time ,energy and money, in other words, make profits for them. Instead of taking several flights one day to make trades with people, now the businessman just need sit down in front of the computer screen , and click the keys. While it is expensive to call in a large number of people to a definite place to hold a meeting, by utilizing electronic television, electronic conference presently goes on in the internet, ecnomically and efficiently. Thereby electronic media facilitate our meaningful communication, which contributes to the prosperity of business in reality.On an individual level, electronic communications media shorten the distance of people to such a degree that every and each one, regardless of sex, nationality, and race, can talk with each other in the global village through internet. When people of different backgrounds participate in a specific talk toward a special topic, motley assortments of opinions and views bear their heads and in the mean time we share our sparks of thoughts, we can obtain the more profound and through understanding of the matter around us. Further , the implements based on the internet offer us a another way to communicate with our familiar friends. Unlike talking to them in true life, where we have to conceal some of our inner expression when facing to facing, we are able to free our mask and interact with each other without restrictions of the mind, and thus carry a deep talk.Yet some people may argue that the internet renders people no thoughtful and meaningful communication, since they contrive misleading information and play evil jokes to others. Nonetheless, this has, in my opinion, nothing to do with the internet itself. Rather, if we are honest and sincere enough behind the screen, the problem will not exist and thus we can make most use of the electronic means to foster our life.In sum , I disagree with the statement in that from our empirical experience, the electronic media makes our communication increasingly meaningful and thoughtful.As long as we adopt a genuine and candid attitude towards people in the global networks, no matter in many social field such as the business area or from a personal perspective, electronic communications media will serve as a powerful and serviceable implement aided in our quotidian life.以上便是关于技术影响之交流的新GRE issue写作范文，各位考生在新GRE写作练习中应加强对思维逻辑的重视，平时注意积累论据论证素材，注意借鉴一些新GRE写作范文，来吸收其精华，提高自己的写作水平。

GRE写作AW3种高分写法讲解GRE作文中ISSUE在许多考生看来是比较有难度的作文。

这是因为其需要自行整理构建出一个完整合理的逻辑结构框架。

今天给大家带来了GRE写作AW3种高分写法讲解,希望能够帮助到大家，一起来学习吧。

GRE写作AW3种高分写法讲解GRE作文ISSUE展开方法：前提论证即对题目中某个特殊的单词进行前提式讨论，作为全文展开讨论的基础。

可以用作前提论证的素材单词往往包括：A、带有主观感情色彩的判断词，比如Just，Correct，Effective，Reasonable等等。

在讨论这些观点词时就必须确立一个标准，进而为全文的讨论确定标准，常见的比如“对社会中大部分人有利”“对社会稳定有利”“能使资源有效分配，最低投入最高产出”等等。

B、作用、意义、任务等值得讨论的名词关键词，比如Education，Government，Law，Teacher等等。

这些词其实在间接讨论A类判断词，即“B类词干什么才是A 类词(教育干什么才是对的，法律干什么才是有效的……)”，由此确定判别一个事物该做什么的标准，才能在全文中讨论题目说的此事物做的东西是否正确。

前提论证的好处是从字面出发，确定主基调，可以防止全文的发展出现价值观的自我矛盾导致的中心论点混乱，从而将*后面的各段拉到一起。

换句话说，就是我们讨论什么问题时，需要先把什么别的一个小问题说清楚。

前提论证法可以有效保证后文段落的逻辑有效联系。

GRE作文ISSUE展开方法：升华论证前提论证属于前提层面，后面自然有更高阶的层面，之前提到的学术、社会、个人就是这种层面层次。

其实我们写ISSUE在组织分论点无外乎就两种，一种同层面展开，一种层面升华式展开。

同层面展开可以有辨证法、分领域讨论，而不同层面的升华则包括了不同的哲学层次。

这二者都属于ISSUE题目要求中的“perspectives”。

而大家最喜欢用的保留式同意/反对，那个保留论点通常就是站在不同的层面上来看待问题，从而得出的不同结论。