初中阶段英语课外阅读书目
因材施教，教书育人 ---谈谈“普通班”英语教学的几点体会 摘要：针对普通班学生的基础差，学习习惯不好，学习没有动力的特点，我在日常的教学中，注意他们的特点，注意自己的教学方法和对待他们的方式；尊重他们，培养学生的良好的英语学习习惯，帮助他们制定可行的目标，让他们树立学习的信心。 关键词：普通班，基础，学习习惯，尊重，了解，师生感情，信心，信赖，鼓励，进步，目标。 假如你看到体重达8600公斤的大鲸鱼，跃出水面6.6米，并向你表演各种杂技，我想你一定会发出惊叹，是有这么一只创造奇迹的鲸鱼，它的训练师披露了训练的奥秘：在开始时，他们先把绳子放在水面下，使鲸鱼不得不从绳子上方通过，鲸鱼每次经过绳子上方都会得到奖励，它们会得到鱼吃，会有人拍拍它并和它玩，训练师会把绳子提高，只不过提高的速度必须很慢，这样才不至于让鲸鱼因为过多的失败而感到沮丧。在培训我们的学生时，我们也从中得到启示。面对我们普通班的孩子们，我因材施教，在对学生的压力、鼓励和支持下，对他们说：同学们，让我们每天进步一点点。普通班的教学就像训练大鲸鱼一样，慢慢的创造奇迹。 一.上好第一节课 普通班的学生绝大部分虽然都有求知的欲望，也想学习有好的成绩，但由于多方面的原因，普遍存在学习积极性不高，动力不足，不良行为比较多，很容易产生不协调的师生关系，阻碍教学的顺利进行，影响了教学质量的提高。在接手新班时，我就拿到全部学生的各科成绩，然后上好第一节课就成了关键了。在上第一节课时，我首先自我介绍。我强调自己是个有经验的老师，我确信可以使每一个学生都学到知识，都可以比以前有进步，每一个同学都会学得比以前要好。同时还向学生说明将在什么地方进行学习来提高。这样一番话后，学生了解了我的性格，增强了学习好英语的信心，同时也树立了教师在学生中的威信。 二.培养师生感情，建立融洽的师生关系 为了打消学生的心理障碍，尽快缩短师生之间的感情距离，帮助他们树立学好英语的自信心。我从接手的那天起，便主动接近他们，了解他们的去情况，用两个星期的时间里喊出全班同学的名字，还帮他们起了英文名字。在跟他们交流的时候尽量用平辈的语气。学生都想了解他们的老师的情况，了解他们的这个特点后。我在上课的时候注意寻找时机，让学生了解我。终于被我等到一个极佳的时机了。那就是在上现在完成时态这个语法的时候，我答应学生如果他们能用现在完成时态来问我有关我的问题，我一定回答。结果那节课，大部分学生都开口问我问题，连平时不太敢发言的学生都大胆的提出了他们的问题，其他同学都很认真的听。那节课的效果很好，学生既能在实际中掌握，同时也增进我跟学生之间的感情。在学校每个学期的学生对老师的打分中，我得到98 .5的平均分。 三.养成良好的学习习惯 习惯是经过反复练习而形成的较为稳定的行为特征，学习习惯是指学生为达到好的学习效果而形成的一种学习上的自动倾向性。著名教育家叶圣陶先生说：“什么是教育，简单一句话，就是要培养良好的习惯。”那么不普通班的学生必须养成哪些良好的学习习惯呢？在培养学生的学习习惯的培养上我主要从以下几个方面着手的。 1.课前预习的习惯 自学是获取知识的主要途径。就学习过程而言，教师只是引路人，学生是学习的真正主体，学习中的大量问题，主要靠自己去解决。在找学生谈心的过程中，很多学生都说：“老师，不是我不想听，是我实在听不懂你说的什么。我一句都听不懂，你能不能用普通话来上课啊？”很多学生
诺贝尔的故事 Alfred Nobel, the great Swedish inventor and industrialist, was born in Stockholm on October 21, 1833, but moved to Russia with his parents in 1842, where his father, Immanuel, made a strong position for himself in the engineering industry. Immanuel Nobel invented landmine and made a lot of money from the government during the Crimean War, but went bankrupt soon after. Then, the family returned to Sweden in 1859, where Alfred began his own study of explosives in his father’s lab. He had never been to school or university but had taught himself, and by the time he was twenty, he became a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish, Russian, German, French and English. He built up over 80 companies in 20 different countries. He was always searchi ng for a meaning to life. He spent much time and money working on how to end the wars, and the peace between nations, until his death in Italy in 1896. His famous last will, in which he left money to provide prizes for outstanding work in physics, chemistry, physiology, medicine, literature and peace, is a memorial to his interests and ideas. And so, the man is remembered and respected long after his death. 根据短文内容，选择能回答所提问题的正确答案。 1. Where was Alfred Nobel born? He was born in ________. A. Sweden B. Stockholm C. Russia D. Moscow 2. What did Immanuel Nobel invented during the Crimean War? A. The engineering industry. B. A strong position. C. Landmine. D. Study of explosives. 3. Why did Alfred Nobel return to Sweden ? Because his father ________. A. went bankrupt B. was put in prison C. was ill D. died
详解阅读题--选词 One day, John was back home after work. He found that his wife was shaking their daughter who was only half a year old. She said "Da-Dy" to the baby many times. John felt very happy because he thought his wife chose the word "Dady" to teach their baby. During one night several weeks later, John and his wife were waken up by the cry "Dady". His wife said to him, "Darling, she is calling you." Then she turned to sleep. Notes: (1) shake v.摇晃 (2) wake up唤醒；吵醒 Exercises: 根据短文填空： ① John was back home _____work. ② He found his wife was _____their daughter who was only half a ear old. ③ She said "Da-Dy" _____ the baby many times.
④ During on night several weeks later, John and his wife were waken _____ by the cry "Dady". ⑤ Then she turned _____sleep. 117.选词 一天下班回家，约翰发现妻子在摇半岁的女儿，嘴里反复念道：“爸-爸。”约翰心里感到美滋滋的，他的妻子选择了“爸爸”这个词首先教孩子。 几周后的一天夜里，约翰和妻子被一阵哭声惊醒了，“爸-爸！”“她在叫你，亲爱的。”妻子说，然后翻身竟自睡了。 练习参考答案： ① after ② shaking ③ to ④ up ⑤ to 初一英语阅读技巧 阅读理解是英语学习中一个很重要的方面，它反映了学生直接应用英语的能力。英语试题中对学生阅读能力的测试主要通过完形填空和阅读理解两种题型。今天就阅读理解这一题型加以解析。 阅读理解题一般有以下几种形式： 1)根据短文内容，判断正、误 2)根据短文内容，选择最佳答案
农村初中英语因材施教，分层教学心得 高珍凤 在当代社会快速发展的今天，信息技术民快速发展的今天，国际化的速度逐渐加快，英语的重要性也越来越突出。作为一名初中英语老师，面对学生英语基础薄弱，学习英语主动性差的现状，学习环境单薄的情况下。如何利用有效的学习方法，提高农村学生英语学习的有效性就成为一个迫在眉睫的问题。结合自己在农村初中十五年的教学实践，探讨在农村初中实施英语分层教学的可行性。 (一)．现状分析 由于受地理环境和教学条件的局限，学生学习英语的起始时间不同，农村小学输送上来的学生英语基础薄弱。这就导致农村学生普遍英语基础较差且水平参差不齐。然而农村的英语教学仍然是以教材为本，以统一的大纲和教参要求为依据，采用同一目标，同一进度，在同一根中考指挥棒下进行着同等难度的教学，这就造成了英语教学活动与学生实际能力严重脱节，因而无论是教师还是学生面对新课改的潮流显得有些无所适从。对于基础好的学生，他们能跟上教师的进度且感到潜力得不到最大的发挥，从而阻碍了这一部分学生的发展；而对于基础差的学生来说，尽管老师反复教，精讲细讲，含辛茹苦，学生也总是仔细听老师讲，认真做笔记，刻苦被单词，可是语言能力提高还是很缓慢，成绩依然一塌糊涂，从心里埋怨英语怎么这么“难”，有心学好，却“无力回天”。大部分学生很少甚至没有成功体验，因此有的学生甚至感觉自己是“先天不足，不是学习的料”，因而放弃学习。这种情况每位农村的英语教师都是深有体会，感觉很迷惘也很无奈。因此，为了改变现状，为了实现教育目的，英语课堂分层教学的必要性就日益凸显。 初中英语的“分层教学”是一种符合因材施教原则的教学方法。采用分层教学，让学生人人有事做，人人在做事。是教师根据学生英语基础知识、能力水平和英语潜力、兴趣，把学生科学地分成几组各自水平相近的群体，并区别对待，它面向全体学生，关注学生的个体差异，为学生的全面发展创造和谐条件，使学生各尽所能，各有所获，各自体验成功喜悦。 (二) 英语课堂分层教学的具体措施 1. 备课的分层。我们知道，教师是教学活动的主体，学生是学习活动的主体，而教师又同时是学生的学习活动的主导，因此教师如何备课会直接影响到学生的学习兴趣和学习效果。我校是一所农村学校。对于学习英语的积极性高，主动性强，上课认真听讲，英语表达能力较强，有自己的学习方法，可以把他们归为优生类；第二类英语基础不是特别好，但是学习态度还是很好，本身也够努力，或者是较能适应英语课堂教学，只是基础知识不是很扎实，可以把他们当成是用功的学生；另有部分学生英语底子本身就很差，只知道最简单的单词，语法薄弱，学习主动性不强，可以把他们当成是跟班生。确定层次后，笔者在备课时就能根据学生的不同水平，实施“差别待遇”。首先分层确定教学目标，优秀类学生要求能熟练运用所学知识，并加以拓展，用功类学生要求能掌握所学知识并有知识迁移能力即可，而跟班类学生只要求基本掌握所学知识和用法。 2. 上课的分层。在课堂教学实践中，分层教学尤为重要。对优秀类学生来学，接受能力较强的学生要适当的增加学习难度，使学习更具有挑战性，这样更容易引起这部分学生的兴趣和求知欲，调动他们学习的积极性，维持学生最佳的学习心理状态。对于功夫类学生，适当设计一下适合他们的教学活动，耐心引导，循循善诱，增强他们的学习信心，让他们时刻获得成功感，这样才能较快地提高他们的英语水平。对于跟班类学生来说，为了实现英语知识衔接的适合，首先从初中内容开始，教授26个字母及音标；熟悉英语五种基本句型和简单的时态等，再从《新概念英语》中找些有趣又简单易懂的短文让学生朗读背诵，还可以从网
初中英语阅读理解--7选5专项练习 （1） While lead （铅） poisoning is serious, parents can take steps to reduce the risk for theirChildren 1 Take Notes : start by checking to see if you own any items recalled by the Consumer Product Safety Commission. Get rid of any toys with chipped paint, or other broken and damaged parts. Not sure it contains lead 2 Clean Up : to avoid leaf exposure from sources in the home, keep floors and other play areas clean and free of dust and pieces. 3 Store toys off the floor in a clean place. And if you live in house with lead pipes, running cold water for a few minutes and using a water filter (过滤器) can reduce lead levels. Buy Smart : avoid no-name produce and be careful when you buy items at dollar stores, street fairs, thrift stores or yard sales. 4 Even if they don’t contain lead, they could become a choking hazard(危险). Also make sure the arts and crafts supplies you buy are non-toxic and designed for children’s use. Get Tested : children with lead poisoning may not have easily recognizable symptoms. 5 This might mean that there will be a lot of tests that turn out normal, but it’s better than sitting around and worrying. Testing is especially important if you and your children live in a home with peeling paint or if your home was painted before 1978, when the Consumer Product Safety Commission banned the sale of lead-based paints.
阅读理解1 Babies love chocolate and sometimes they also eat the paper around it. My cat enjoys a meal of good, thick paper, old letters, for example. She does not like newspapers very much Of course, the best paper comes from wood. Wood comes from trees, and trees are plants. Vegetables and fruit are plants, too, and we eat a lot of them. So can we also eat wood and paper? Scientists say, "All food comes in some way from plants." Well, is that true? Animals eat grass and grow fat. Then we eat their meat. Little fish eat little sea-plants, then bigger fish swim along and eat the ……Chickens eat bits of grass and give us…… Think for a minute. What food does not come from plants in some way? Scientists can do wonderful things with plants. They can make food just like meat and cheese. And they can make it without the help of animals. It is very good food, too. Now they have begun to say, "We make our paper from wood. We can also make food from wood. The next thing is not very difficult." What is the next thing? Perhaps it is—food from paper. Scientists say, "We can turn paper into food. It will be good, cheap food, too, cheaper than meat or fish or eggs." So please keep your old books and letters. (Don't feed [喂] your cat.) One day, they will be on your plate, if what scientists say may come true. 1. The writer asks us to keep our old books and letters because _____. A. they are useful for reading B. They may be used to feed cats C. We can make food from them soon D. we can read them at breakfast 2. From the passage (段落)，we can infer(推断) that _____ do not come from plants in some way. A. few kinds of food B. meat and fish C. cheese and chicken D. wood and paper 阅读理解2 Mr. Lee was in bed and was trying to go to sleep when he heard the bell ring. He turned on the light and looked at his clock. It was twelve o'clock. "Who can it be at this time of night?" He thought. He decided to go and find out. So he got of bed, put on his dressing gown (浴袍) and went to the door. When he opened the door, there was nobody there. "That is very strange." Then he went back to his bedroom, took off his dressing gown, got back into bed ,turned off the light and tried to go to sleep. A few minutes later he heard the bell again. Mr. Lee jumped out of bed very quickly and rushed to the door. He opened it, but again he found no one there. He closed the door and tried not to feel angry. Then he saw a piece of paper on the floor. He picked it up. There were some words on it : "It is now after midnight(午夜), so it is April Fool's Day (禺人节) . April fool to you!" "Oh , it was the English boy next door!" Mr. Lee exclaimed (惊叫) and almost smiled. He went back to bed and feel asleep at once. The bell did not ring again. 1. When did Mr. Lee go to bed? He went to bed _______. A. before twelve o'clock B. after twelve o'clock C. when the bell rang D. when he saw the boy 2. Why did he rush to the door when he heard the bell ring the second time? A. He wanted to open the door for the visitor B. He wanted to find out who the visitor was. C. He was afraid of the ring D. He was waiting for someone. 3. From this passage, we learn that we can _______ on April Fool's Day. A. say "Hello" to each other B. dance and sing at night C. play jokes on each other D. send pressents to children 4. What did Mr. Lee think about the English boy? He thought he _________. A. was a good boy B. was friendly with him C. shouldn't ring the bell at midnight D. did a dangerous thing just now 阅读理解3 In England recently three foreign gentlemen came to a bus stop and waited . About five minutes later, the bus they wanted came along. They were just going to get on when suddenly there was a loud noise behind them. People rushed onto the bus and tried to push them out of the way . Someone shouted at them. The bus conductor came rushing down the stairs to see what all the trouble was about. The three foreigners seem all at sea and looked
初中英语教师研修成果 朱美芝 一，尊重个性差异，运用因材施教的策略 赏识教育是尊重差异，不怕失败的教育。一个班级中，由于性别、学习基础、接受能力的差别、自身性格、兴趣爱好等诸多因素，学生之间的英语水平必然是不平衡的。所以，在英语教学中要尊重差异，因人施教，将每个学生存在的潜能给予充分开发的机会，并引导学生尝试成果，使他们各自获得“跳一跳，就能摘到苹果”的愉悦和充分发展。 1．教学目标适度灵活 在设计教学目标时，不能将所有的学生放在同一层次去看，这样往往会导致我们教学中“吃不饱”和“吃不了”的现象出现，所以在制定目标时要根据不同层次的学生，制定不同的教学目标，让每一个学生能感受到成功的愉悦。如：在设计对话的教学目标时，我根据学生的成绩、学习态度分为三层，并根据不同的层次制定不同的学习目标，让每个学生体验成功。如在教对话时，很多教师往往让学生跟读，表演，就算完成了任务。这就造成优等生吃不饱，学困生消化不了的现象。教师可重点教学几个主要句型，让学生了解对话后，教师制定不同的学习目标根据不同层次的学生，制定合理的学习目标，使学生跳一跳就能摘到果实，能进一步帮助学生树立信心，更能以积极主动的态度投入到学习中去。这种分组主要是给每个学生提供了一个展
示自己的舞台，也符合学生渴望被关注、被重视的心理，让学生在“Cool!”、“Super!”、“Great!”等表扬中认识自我价值，体验成功的喜悦。 2．练习设计难易有别 由于学生的水平差异，教师在设计练习时，应照顾到不同学生的实际情况，可进行有针对性的练习。如对于较难的问题，可以让成绩较好的学生来回答。对于简单的问题，可让成绩相对较差的学生来回答。这样，他们不会因为回答不出而失去对英语的信心。在新授课时，以成绩较好的学生为主，让其他学生多听、多模仿，有助于他们掌握本课的知识要点，并学会运用。在复习课时，以成绩相对差的学生为主。通过新授课的听和模仿，他们能够模仿运用，这样就增强了他们的自信心，使他们敢于开口、愿意开口。 3．针对不同的学生进行反馈评价 评价是有效的教学手段，差异性评价就是对学生的回答、作业等进行分别评价，即对学生的要求不按一个标准，在完成作业的时间上也有松有紧，对错误较多的学生，待他们弄懂订正后再予评价，使这些学生在反馈评价中获得成功的体验，从而激发他们自我内部动力，进一步增强自信心，去争取更大的成功。 二，巧妙运用赏识教育，驾驭赏识运用的技巧 赏识教育是一种新的教学理念，符合素质教育的总体要求。但在具体实施的过程中，教师应注意以下几点：
英语阅读理解专项练习 1．阅读理解 When throwing away rubbish, do you know which Bin it should go in? Have you ever noticed the differently-colored Bins on the street? Some of you might not be able to answer this question. However, it's actually quite important to know how to sort your waste. Not knowing how to sort waste can make it harder to save energy and protect the environment. If you don't sort your waste, all of it will go to a landfill and be buried（埋）together. These landfills can take up large areas of ground that could have been used for planting trees or crops. The electronic waste you throw away, such as batteries, can pollute the soil and groundwater. Other pieces of waste, like the metal part of a pen, can be used to make other things if they are properly recycled. With this in mind, many cities in China have been running waste-sorting campaigns （活动）in recent years. For example, Shanghai announced in July that within three years, all of its residents（居民）should sort their waste into four groups wet, recyclable, harmful and dry. "Wet" waste is also known as household waste." They are things you don't want but that pigs can eat," Guangzhou Daily explained. Paper, metal, glass and other things that can be reused are recyclable waste. Harmful waste includes things like medicine, batteries and fluorescent bulbs. Finally, any waste that's not wet, recyclable or harmful will go in the" dry waste" bin. Many other Chinese cities, including Shenzhen, plan to use this method to sort their garbage. Now that you know this, perhaps you can do your part to protect the environment and encourage others to sort their waste. （1）The passage is most probably from a（an）__________. A. newspaper B. notion C. Advertisement D. science story （2）The underlined word "landfill" in this passage means"__________" in Chinese. A. 垃圾箱 B. 垃圾填埋场 C. 农场 D. 陆地 （3）Which of the following things are harmful waste? A. medicine, fluorescent Bulbs and metal B. Batteries, glass and metal C. medicine, fluorescent Bulbs and Batteries D. medicine, Batteries and paper （4）The author writes this passage in order to __________. A. introduce waste-sorting campaigns in recent years B. tell people to sort the trash and protect the environment
初中英语阅读理解解题技巧及经典练习 英语阅读理解一直都是中考的重点复习对象。原因它在中考中的分数占总分的比重最大。为此，我总结了一些初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧和一些经典的练习题。初中英语理解要提高有两个方面，1. 考前阅读准备。2. 临场解题技巧。 1. 考前阅读准备 一、要注意养成良好的阅读心理，阅读时要去掉杂念，心绪要安定，精神要专一，要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句，就心烦意乱，失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们，任何恐慌，过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此，遇到困难一定要从容不迫，心无旁骛。这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰，理解深刻。 二、要提高视读的速度，考阅读理解，从另一个方面来说，考的是考试速度。因此做阅读理解时，要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭，只要全篇理解了，个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测，去推断。 2. 临场解题技巧 1. 审视标题，抓住中心 试题中有的文章有标题，有的没有，拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象，想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解，能提高做题的效率。 2. 浏览全文，掌握全貌 如果时间紧，至少要快速通读全文，尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来，这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。 3. 细读题目，抓住要点
对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后，要马上看短文后的问题，带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围，并注意所查找信息的特点。例如：如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名，就应该找首字母大写的单词；如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字，就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易，应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目，先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目，也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目，需要再对全文快速阅读，仔细分析思考，反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文，后看文后题目；如果文章太长，你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍，带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念，提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句，特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话，往往就是关键句，可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌，理解文章的主题。此外，还应该细读文章，因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记，把有关的画出来。凡逢人物就圈起来，看完一数，有几个圈就是几个人，一目了然。 4. 细读文章，掌握细节 这次应细品，不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些记录，把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因（即五个W ：who ， what， when， where， why）划出来。经过这样的处理，你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹，对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。 5. 理解大意，初选答案 一般短文都设有五个题目，对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目，应再查阅原文，但决不是简单重读，应找出依据，把所答案代入文中，再确定正误。在确定答案时，对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思，切忌望文生义，作出错误的判断。 6. 复读全文，核对答案
初中英语教学案例分析 根据单元特点, 我认为Unit5 How do you make banana milk shake?的第一课时，即导入课应一方面让学生掌握知识点，另一方面能真正让学生动手制作shake，培养学生的动手能力，提高学生的学习兴趣。因此,我提前让两个班的每个学生准备自己喜欢的水果，而我自己也准备了榨汁机、酸奶、纸杯、刀等制作shake需要的东西。我想这节课一定会生动、有趣，受学生欢迎。 第一节课在1班上，我满怀信心地走进教室。一开始很顺利，学生很兴奋地看着我制作shake，听着我用英语讲解制作步骤，一杯shake很快制作好了。是该给学生品尝的时候了，然而当学生看了看做好的shake的样子，闻了闻味道，说什么也不肯尝试。上课前一天我亲自在家做了一杯shake，说实话，的确没有“卖样”，而且闻起来味道也不怎么好，但喝起来味道还不错，据说还有美容、保健的功效。然而，不管我怎样劝说，还是没有人愿意尝一口。学生不愿喝，当然就没兴趣用自己带来的新鲜水果来制作shake。可以说，我这堂课的教学失败了，我看着剩下的酸奶，灵机一动我决定把下节课制作水果沙拉提前来上。虽然也达到了一定的教学目标，但因为没有完成自己的教学设计，所以觉得还是有缺憾。说实话，当时我觉得这些学生真不懂配合。 这堂课不成功，本应马上进行总结，加以改正。但在2班紧接着就有第二节课，而且还有老师来听课。于是，我只好硬着头皮走进教室，按照我的计划进行教学。 然而出乎我意料的是，学生能很积极的响应，在我在制作时，很多学生在认真看，我在用英语讲解制作步骤时，很多学生在认真听，还小声地复述，有的还作笔记。当shake做好时，许多学生争先恐后地要求品尝，引得听课的老师也要求品尝一下。在轮到由学生自己边制作shake，边用英语介绍材料以及制作步骤时，很多学生都愿意上来试一试，而且做得也很好。可以说这堂课比较成功。 同样的老师，同样的准备，同样的教学设计，为什么会有不同的教学结果？上完课后，我认真地思考了这个问题。我发现我在备课时忽略了"备人"，忽略了不同的班、不同的学生有不同的性格特点。由于我是2班的班主任，因此很了解2班学生的特点：活波、积极、爱尝试，在备课时可能不自觉地以2班作为对象；而对1班的学生了解不多，因此导致了这堂课失败。 根据以上的单元特点, 我认为本单元的第一课时，即导入课应一方面让学生掌握知识点，另一方面能真正让学生动手制作shake，培养学生的动手能力，提高学生的学习兴趣。因此,我提前让两个班的每个学生准备自己喜欢的水果，而我自己也准备了榨汁机、酸奶、纸杯、刀等制作shake需要的东西。我想这节课一定会生动、有趣，受学生欢迎。 第一节课在1班上，我满怀信心地走进教室。一开始很顺利，学生很兴奋地看着我制作shake，听着我用英语讲解制作步骤，一杯shake很快制作好了。是该给学生品尝的时候了，然而当学生看了看做好的shake的样子，闻了闻味道，说什么也不肯尝试。上课前一天我亲自在家做了一杯shake，说实话，的确没有“卖样”，而且闻起来味道也不怎么好，但喝起来味道还不错，据说还有美容、保健的功效。然而，不管我怎样劝说，还是没有人愿意尝一口。学生不愿喝，当然就没兴趣用自己带来的新鲜水果来制作shake。可以说，我这堂课的教学失败了，我看着剩下的酸奶，灵机一动我决定把下节课制作水果沙拉提前来上。虽然也
2020初三英语阅读理解及答案 下面有一篇文章，希望同学们用10分钟将此题做完，然后对照讲解找到准确的答案。 Passage 1 If you look at the sky one night and see something moving and shining that you have never seen before, it might be a comet (彗星). A comet sometimes looks like a star. Like a planet, a comet has no light of its own. It shines from the sunlight it reflects (反射). Like the earth, a comet goes round the sun, but on a much longer path (轨道) than the earth travels. If a comet isn’t a sta r, what is it then? Some scientists think that a large part of a comet is water frozen into pieces of ice and mixed with iron and rock dust and perhaps a few big pieces of rock. When sunshine melts (融化) the ice in the comet, great clouds of gas go trailing after it. These clouds, together with the dust, form a long tail. Many people perhaps have seen a comet. However no one knows how many comets there are. There may be millions of comets, but only a few come close enough for us to see. An Englishman named Edmund Halley, who lived from 1656 to 1742, found out a lot about the paths that comets take through the sky. Some comets move out of our sight and never come back. Others keep coming back at regular times. A big comet that keeps coming back was named after Halley because