初中英语动词时态归纳
总结对照表
Revised as of 23 November 2020
初中英语动词时态归纳总结对照表
初中英语时态专项练习
1、一般现在时。
通常用“usually, often, every day, sometimes”。
一般现在时基本用法介绍
一、一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如：The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如：I get up at six every day.我每天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如：The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
二、一般现在时的构成:
肯定句：
1).主语+系动词 be(is, am, are )+名词（形容词，介词短语）
2) .其他主语+动词原形+其它
第三人称单数+动词-s+其它
如：I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
We study English.我们学习英语。Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
三、一般现在时的变化
否定句：1)主语+ be （is,am,are）+ not +其它。如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。
2)其他主语+do not(don’t)动词原形+其它I don't like bread
第三人称单数+does not(doesn’t)动词原形+其它He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句：1)Be（Is,Are） +主语+其它如：-Are you a student -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
2)Do其他主语+动词原形+其它
Does+第三人称单数+动词原形+其它+
注意：遇I/we—you, my—your, some—any.
Does she go to work by bike - Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
Do you often play football- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句。如：Where is my bike
How does your father go to work
一般现在时用法专练:
一、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup
二、按照要求改写句子
1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改为否定句)
2. I do my homework every day.(改为一般疑问句，作否定回答)
3. She likes milk.(改为一般疑问句，作肯定回答)
7. I like taking photos in the park.(对划线部分提问)
8. John comes fromCanada.(对划线部分提问)
三、改错(划出错误的地方，将正确的写在横线上)
1. Is your brother speak English __________________
2. Does he likes going fishing __________________
3. He likes play games after class. __________________
4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. __________________
5. She don’t do her homework on Sundays. _________________
2、现在进行时。
通常用“now/look/listen”.
1．现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2．现在进行时的结构：.
肯定句：主语+be（is,am,are ） +动词现在分词-ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
否定句：主语+be（is,am,are ）+not + 动词现在分词-ing
一般疑问句：Is(Are)+主语+动词现在分词-ing
特殊疑问：疑问词+ be + 主语 + 动词ing
3.动词加ing的变化规则
1)一般情况下，直接加ing，如：cook-cooking
2)以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如：make-making, taste-tasting
3)如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如：run-running, stop-stopping,swim—swimming
4.现在进行时专项练习：
一、写出下列动词的现在分词：
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________ go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________ read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________ put_________ see________ buy _________
love____________ live_______二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空：
boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
(wash )clothes Yes ,she is .
三、句型转换：
1. They are doing housework .(分别改成一般疑问句和否定句)
2．The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑问句并作肯定和否定回答) 3．I’m playing the footballin the playground.(对划线部分进行提问)
①②
3、一般过去时态
一般过去时通常用“a moment ago, just now, yesterday, last…”等。
1．一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2．Be动词在一般过去时中的变化：
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。（was not=wasn’t）
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。（were not=weren’t）
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.行为动词的一般过去时变化
4.动词过去式的变化：
规则动词的变化：
不规则动词的变化：
原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式原形过去式sweep swept teach taught have had go went keep kept think thought do did find found sleep slept buy bought eat ate say said
feel felt drink drank is/am was take took
read read give gave are were mean meant put put sing sang drive drove meet met
cut cut begin began speak spoke make made
let let ring rang write wrote see saw
fly flew run ran ride rode come came draw drew sit sat hear heard tell told grow grew learn learned/ learnt get got know knew 5.特殊疑问句：
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形如： What did Jim do yesterday
⑵疑问词当主语时：疑问词+动词过去式如：Who went to home yesterday
过去时练习:
写出下列动词的过去式 is\am_________ fly_______ plant________ are ________ drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________ does_________
dance________ worry________ ask _____ taste_________ eat__________
draw________ put ______ throw________ kick_________ pass_______ do ________ Be动词的过去时练习:A
一、用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
二、句型转换
1. It was exciting.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________
肯、否定回答：__________________________________________
2. All the students were very excited.
否定句：________________________________________________
一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 行为动词的过去时练习:B
一、用行为动词的适当形式填空
1. He _________ (live) in Wuxi two years ago.
2. The cat ________ (eat) a bird last night.
3. We _______ (have) a party last Halloween.
4. Nancy ________ (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.
5. I ________ (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.
二、句型转换
1.Su Hai took some photos at the Sports day.
否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 2.We sang some English songs.
否定句：________________________________________________ 一般疑问句：____________________________________________ 肯、否定回答：__________________________________________ 三、中译英
1．格林先生去年住在中国。
2. 昨天我们参观了农场。
3. 他刚才在找他的手机。
过去时综合练习A
一、用动词的适当形式填空
1. It ______ (be) Ben’s birthday last Friday.
2. We all ______ (have) a good time last night.
3. He _______ football now, but they _______ basketball just now. (play)
4. Jim’s mother _________ (plant) trees just now.
5. _______ they ________ (sweep) the floor on Sunday No, they _____.
二、中译英
1.我们上周五看了一部电影。
2.他上个中秋节走亲访友了吗是的。
3.你们上个儿童节做了什么我们参观了动物园。
4、一般将来时
概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。句中一般有以下时间状语：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow （后天）等。
1.基本结构：①主语+be (is,am,are)going to +动词原形.
②主语+will+ 动词原形.
2.否定句：①主语+be (is,am,are)+not +going to +动词原形.
②主语+will +not(won’t)+ 动词原形.
例如：I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
3.一般疑问句：①Is(Are)+主语 +going to +动词原形.+
②Will+主语+动词原形+
例：We are going to go on an outing this weekend.
→ Are you going to go on an outing this weekendYes,we are.No, we aren’t.
Will he go to Beijing n ext weekYes,he will.No,he won’t.
4.对划线部分提问。一般情况，一般将来时的对划线部分有三种情况。
1). 问人。Who 例如：I’m going to New York soon. →Who’s going to New York soon.
2). 问干什么。What … do.例如： My father is going to watch a race with me this afternoon. →What is your father going to do with you this afternoon.
3). 问什么时候。When.例如：She’s going to go to bed at nine. →When is she going to bed
5同义句：be going to = willI am going to go swimming tomorrow（明天）. = I will go swimming tomorrow.
一、练习：填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。 I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends. I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2. 下个星期一你打算去干嘛我想去打篮球。 What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday I _______ ______ _____ play basketball. What
_________ you do next Monday I ________ play basketball.
3. 你妈妈这个周末去购物吗是，她要去买一些水果。 _____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________ Yes, she _________. She ______ ________
__________ buy some fruit.
4. 你们打算什么时候见面。 What time _______ you _________ __________ meet
二、改句子。
5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） Nancy ________ going to go camping.
6. I’ll go and join them.（改否定） I _______ go ______ join them.
7. I’m going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑问句） ________ _______
________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow
8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑问句） _______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.
9. She is going tolisten to musicafter school.（对划线部分提问） ________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school
10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)
_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.
三、用所给词的适当形式填空。
11. Today is a sunny day. We ___________________ (have) a picnic this afternoon.
12. My brother _______________ (go) to Shanghai next week.
13. Tom often ______________(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He
______________ (go) to school by bike.
14. What do you usually do at weekends I usually __________ (watch) TV and
____________(catch) insects
15. It’s Friday today. What _____she _________ (do) this weekend She ______________ (watch) TV and _____________ (catch) insects.
16. What ___________ (d0) you do last Sunday I ____________ (pick) apples on a farm. What ______________ (do) next Sunday I ______________ (milk) cows.
17. Mary ____________ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.
18. Liu Tao ____________ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.
19. David ______________ (give) a puppet show next Monday.
20. I ________________ (plan) for my study now.
5.过去进行时：
肯定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它
否定句：主语+助动词be (was,were)+not+动词现在分词-ing+其它
一般疑问句：Was(Were)+主语+动词现在分词-ing+其它
特殊疑问句：疑问词+was(were)+动词现在分词-ing+其它
用法:
1、表示在过去某一时间正在进行的动作，往往有表示过去的时间状语then, at that time, this time yesterday等，或与过去发生的某事同时发生的动作（即与when, while 引出的时间状语从句连用）。
例：They were talking about a film at six yesterday evening. 昨晚6点他们正在谈论一部电影。
What were you doing at this time last week 上周的这个时候你在干什么
When the teacher came in, they were talking. 老师进来时，他们在讲话。
2、表示在过去某一段时间内进行的动作。
例：They were swimming from two to three yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午2点到3点他们在游泳。
She was watching TV the whole morning. 她整个上午在看电视。
3、表示过去将要发生的动作。
例：He said he was leaving on Tuesday. 他说他周二动身。
Tom said he was going tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天去。
4、用过去进行时描写故事背景。
例：It was getting dark. The wind was rising. 天渐渐黑了下来，风势增强了。
The procession was going. He was standing among the crowd looking on. 队伍在前进。他站在人群中观看。
5.过去进行时练习题：
一、单项选择
() brother ___ while he ___ his bicycle and hurt himself.
A. fell, was riding
B. fell, were riding
C. had fallen, rode
D. had fallen, was riding ()2. Tom ___ into the house when no one ___.
A. slipped, was looking
B. had slipped, looked
C. slipped, had looked
D. was slipping, looked
() last time I __ Jane she ___ cotton in the fields.
A. had seen, was picking
B. saw, picked
C. had seen, picked
D. saw, was picking () don ' t think Jim saw me; he ___ into space.
A. just stared
B. was just staring
C. has just stared
D. had just stared
() first met Lisa three years ago. She ___ at a radio shop at the time.
A. has worked
B. was working
C. had been working
D. had worked
(), look where you are going!
---Oh, I ' m terribly .
A. I ' m not noticing
B. I wasn ' t noticing
C. I haven ' t noticed
D. I don ' t notice ()7. The reporter said that the UFO ___ east to west when he saw it.
A. was traveling
B. traveled
C. had been traveling
D. was to travel
()8. I ___ my breakfast when the morning post came.
A. had
B. had been having
C. have been having
D. was having
() I arrived at his office, he ___ on the phone.
A. was speaking
B. spoke
C. had been speaking
D. had spoken
()10. “ What ' s the matter, Ali You look sad. ”
“ Oh, nothing much. As a matter of fact, I ___ of my friends back home. ”
A. just thought
B. have just been thinking
C. was just thinking
D. have just thought
二、动词填空。
１．John_______（work） all day yesterday.
２．He _______（walk） home when the （rian）_______begin. ３．—What______you _______（do） at ten o'clock yesterday﹖
—I_______（studay） in class．
４．When Harry _______（have） breakfast Lily _______（telephone） him．
５．When I ________ （go） to school this morning I ______ （see） a car running into a bus．
6. This time yesterday Jack ______ (mend) his bike.
7. I ______ (write) a letter at ten last night.
8. It was six. The Greens ______ (have) supper.
9. When you ______ (knock) at the door yesterday,I ______ (do) some washing.
10. While my mother ______ (watch) TV, I ______(make) a kite.
三、英汉互译。
1.昨晚我给你打电话时，你正在干什么
2.上中学时，我住老师家里。
3.他昨天本来要看那场戏的，可是太忙了。
wanted to know when we were leaving for Shanghai.
the whole town was talking about it.
6.现在完成时
构成：肯定句：主语+助动词have（has）+动词过去分词-ed
否定句：主语+助动词have（has）+not(haven’t,hasn’t)+动词过去分词-ed
一般疑问句：Have(Has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+
特殊疑问句：疑问词+have(has)+ 主语+动词过去分词-ed+
用法：1、表示说话之前已完成的动作，而且这个动作的结果对现在是情况仍有影响。常被just,already,yet 等副词修饰。Mr. Wang has just come back from America. 王先生刚从美国回来。2．现在完成时还可用来表示过去发生的动作一直延续到现在，常带有for或since 等表示一段时间的状语。
如：Mr Wang has lived here since 1983.
3.现在完成时瞬间动词即终止性动词不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。
常见终止性动词与延续性动词 (或状态动词) 的对应关系如下:
come / go / arrive / get / reach / move--- be in/at
open --- be opendie --- be dead
close --- be closedbecome ---be
borrow --- keepput on --- wear
buy --- haveleave ----- be away (from)
begin / start ----- be onfall asleep ---- be asleep
end/finish ----- be overcatch a cold ----- have a cold
join the army ---- be in the army,be a soldier
join the Party---- be in the Party , be a Party member
例：吉姆买这支已有两年了。
Jim bought this pen two years ago.
Jim has had this pen for two years.
Jim has had this pen since two years ago.
Jim has had this pen since 2007
It is two years since Jim bought this pen.
4.在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中，谓语动词用现在完成时。
in the past few years/months/weeks/days；over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
5.表示“第几次做某事，”或在“It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词＋that” 后面跟现在完成时。
例：This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
6. have / has been to + 地点意为“曾去过某地”，暗含目前已不在该地，仅表示当事人的一种经历而已。
have / has gone to + 地点“到了某地去了”，暗含“已离开原地去了某地”之意，但是否到达了某地尚不确定。
如：He has gone to Shanghai. 他去了上海。
He has been to Shanghai. 他去过了上海。
7.现在完成时专项练习
一、单项选择。
()1、Bothhisparentslooksad . Maybethey________what'shappenedtohim .
Ａ.knewＢ.have knownＣ.must knowＤ.will know
()2、Hehas_______ beentoShanghai , hashe
Ａ.alreadyＢ.neverＣ.everＤ. Still
()3、HaveyoumetMrLi ______
Ａ.justＢ.agoＣ.beforeＤ.a moment ago
()4、The famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year .
Ａ. iswritingＢ.waswritingＣ.wroteＤ.haswritten
()5、—Our country______ a lot so far .
—Yes . I hope it will be even ______ .
Ａ. haschanged ; wellＢ.changed ; good
Ｃ. haschanged ; better Ｄ.changed ; better
()6、Zhao Lan ______already______in this school for two years .
Ａ. was ; studyingＢ. will ; studyＣ. has ; studiedＤ. are ; studying ()7、We ______ XiaoLisinceshewasalittlegirl .
Ａ. knowＢ.hadknownＣ. haveknownＤ.knew
()8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_______ it twice .
Ａ.willseeＢ.haveseenＣ.sawＤ.see
()9、—ThesefarmershavebeentotheUnitedStates .
—Really When _____there
Ａ. willtheygoＢ.didtheygo
Ｃ.do theygoＤ.havetheygone
()10、—______ you ___ yourhomeworkyet
—Yes . I _____itamomentago .
Ａ.Did ; do ; finishedＢ.Have ; done ; finished
Ｃ.Have ; done ; havefinishedＤ.will ; do ; finish
()11、 Hisfather______ thePartysince1978 .
Ａ.joinedＢ.has joinedＣ.was inＤ. hasbeenin
()12、—Do you know him well
—Sure .We _________ friends since ten years ago .
Ａ.wereＢ. have beenＣ. have becomeＤ. have made
()13、—How long have you____ here
—About two months .
Ａ.beenＢ.goneＣ.comeＤ.arrived