英国文学问答练习题

英国文学问答题Shakespeare:Questions:I.1. Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it can “end” the heartache and the thousand natural shocks”?2. Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?3. What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.II. 1. What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?2. What is Romeo and Juliet’s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?3. What does Romeo mean when he says “Look thou but sweet, /And I am proof against their enmity”?Answers for reference:I. 1. Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep.2.Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us.Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories…3.1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) He wants to revenge, but doesn’tknow how; 2) He wants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives in despair and wants to commit suicide, 4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father’s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma.I. 1. Sun.2. They would give up their names for love’s sake.3. Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.Daniel Defoe:Questions:1.Do you find the description of Crusoe’s setting up the tentconvincing? Could you think of better ways to build a shelter in his situation?2.What do you think of Crusoe’s way of marking time? Why is itimportant for him to keep track of time?3.From this excerpt, what do you find admirable in Robinson Crusoe? Answers for reference:1.Yes.2.1) He doesn’t want to forget time; 2) For a civilized man, time is precious; 3)He wants to remember Sabbath days to show his respect and piety to God. 3.strong-minded, careful, capable, persevering, optimistic, ambitious,self-reliant, clever, practical, adventurous, patient, rational, sympathetic, hardworking, imaginative, energetic, courageous, amiable (kind-hearted) Jane Austen:Questions:1. Why do you think of Mrs.Bennet? How can you characterize her?2. What do you known about Jane Austen’s writing style?Answers for reference:1. 1) She is mean, her only care is to marry her daughter to rich young men; 2) She is simple and foolish, even cannot understand her husband’s ironical words. 3)She loves her daughter , though she doesn’t understand them ,but what she do is only for their happiness rather than herself.2. 1) keen observation of society around her , good ear for conversation, use of mild, irony and penetrating analysis.2)Style, clarity, economy, skillful dialogue, tight plotting, simple and clear. 3）Readers can find sth of themselves, comfort, tranquility, escape in her novels.Charlotte Bronte:Questions:1.What’s the theme in Jane Eyre?2.Please show your understanding on the love between Jane Eyre and MrRochester .Answers for reference:1.1) Jane Eyre is not only a love story; 2) it is also a plea for the recognition ofthe individual’s worth and 3) sex equality that Women attempt to assert their own identity within the male-dominated society.2.Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard toget her rights of equality. She left the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusioned Rochester happy again. Mr.Rochester was a man full of life’s misery, yet he loved Jane truly and respected her very much. That’s why he got her love.Charles Dickens:Questions:1. How do you understand Pip’s so called “Great Expectation”?2. Please explain the reason that Great Expectation is a so-called bildungsroman or growth novel.Answers for reference:1. 1) when he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) H is meeting with Havisham changed his attitude towards life, and he admired he decent way of living like a gentleman. H e met Estella and fell love with her,but he cannot marry her because of his inferior status and his expectations changed:raise his social status and to become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovers that his benefactor is in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turns out to be bubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat is important is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.(简略版)1.1) W hen he was young,he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother inlaw. 2) When he met Havisham and fell in love with Estella, his expectations changed: to raise his social status and become a gentleman,get a bettereducation and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovered that his benefactor was in fact a convict, his “great expectation” turned out to be bubble,beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat’s important is love and loyalty. M an's truevalue has nothing to do with his money and status.2.It is the novel of the growth and development of the hero Pip. There isabsence of parents for Pip who is raised by his sister and brother-in-law; As a gentleman, Pip condescends people of lower class, losing sight of thegenerous, kind aspect of being a gentleman; He is tested and drawn todestructive love etc.Thomas Hardy:Questions:1.What do you think causes Tess’s tragedy?2.Please comment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’Urbervilles. Answers for reference:1.1) Tess was an innocent, pure girl. She was honest and sweet-natured and full oflove for her family and sympathy for others.2) the poverty of her family, the social environment and the collapse of the Agricultural economy; horse killed---claim kin 3) the double moral standard between men and women of that patriarchal society, “chastity =purity” is only for women.4) For such a girl as Tess, her life was something that she couldn’t control, chance of some unknown forces determined everything.2. Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just tocriticize the society in his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess’ fate is decided by her society.THANKS !!!致力为企业和个人提供合同协议，策划案计划书，学习课件等等打造全网一站式需求欢迎您的下载，资料仅供参考。

1. ____________________________________ The national epic of the Anglo-Saxons is .A Robin HoodB Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC The Canterbury TalesD Beowulf2. __ w as the most outstanding single romance on the Arthurian legend written inalliterative verse.A The Canterbury TalesB Piers the PlowmanC Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD Beowulf3. __ w as famous for The Canterbury Tales.A Geoffrey ChaucerB John MiltonC William ShakespeareD Francis Bacon4. Most of the ballads of the 15th century focused on the legend about __ as a heroicfigure.A Green NightsB GawainC Robin HoodD Hamlet5.In the 16th century, Thomas More's work ______ became immediately popular after its publication.A Paradise LostB A Pleasant Satire of the Three EstatesC Of StudiesD Utopia6. __ was Edmund Spencer 's masterpiece which has been regarded as one of the great poems in the English language.A AmorettiB The Shepherd 's CalendarC The Faerie QueeneD Four Hymns7. __ is from Shakespeare 's sonnet No.18.A “Lemt e not to the marriage of true minds ”B “Tobe or not to be: that is the question ”C “ ShallI compare thee to a summer's day” D“ Nolonger mourn for me when I am dead”8. ___ , the “father of English poetry ”and one of the greatest narrative poets of England,was born in London about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden9. The four great tragedies written by Shakespeare are Hamlet, Macbeth, Othello and ___A. Antony and CleopatraB. Julius CaesarC Twelfth NightD King Lear10. Which of the following does not belong to Shakespeare 's romantic love comedies?A Twelfth NightB The TempestC As You Like ItD The Merchant of VeniceD C A C D C C A D B1. All of the following are the most eminent dramatists in theRenaissance England except __________ .a. William Shakespeareb. Ben Jonsonc. Christopher Marlowed. Francis Bacon2. The English Renaissance period was an age ofa. poetry and dramab. drama and novelc. novel and poetryd. romance and poetry3. Paradise Lost is the masterpiece of ______a. William Shakespeareb. Robert Burnsc. John Miltond. William Blake4. Which of the following plays written by Shakespeare is history play ?a. A Midsummer Night ' s Dreamb. The Merry Wives of Windsorc. H enry IVd. King Lear5. The first official version of Bible known asthe Great Bible , was revised in ______a. 16th centuryb. 17th centuryc. 18th centuryd. 19th century6. Francis Bacon ' s Essays first published in 1597 has beenconsidered as an important landmark in the development of English , and as the firstcollection of essays in the English language.a. poetryb. epicsc. fictiond. prose7. Daniel Defoe was famous for his novel ___ whichfirst established his reputation.a. Gulliver ' s Travelsb. The Adventure of Robinson Crusoec. The Pilgrim ' s Progressd. Oliver Twist8. The famous poem “ A Red Red Rose ” was written bya. William Wordsworthb. George Byronc. Robert Burnsd. William Blake9. Mary Shelley ' s nvoel Frankenstein belongs to thetype of ____ which is often set in gloomy castles wherehorrifying, supernatural events take place.a. Gothicb. Realismc. Romanticismd. Classicism10. The first complete English Bible was translated by , “the morning star of the Reformationand his followers.A. William LanglandB. James IC. John WycliffeD. Bishop Lancelot AndrewsD A C C B D B C A C1. The literature of the Anglo-Saxon period falls naturally into two divisions, ___________ and Christian.a. Paganb. Romanc. Frenchd. Danish2. “ Poetry is Spontaneous ” was put forward by _______________a. Robert Burnsb. William Blakec. William Wordsworthd. Charles Lamb3. Which of the following writings can be regarded as typical belonging to the school of Romantic literature?c. Jane Eyrea. Don Juanb. Ulyssesd. Sons and Lovers4. ____ is the first important English essayist and thefounder of modern science in England.a. Francis Baconb. Edmund Spenserc. Thomas Mored. Sidney5. What is flourished in Elizabethan age more than any other form of literature?a. novelb.dramac. essayd. poetry6. The publication of _____ marked the beginning of theRomantic Age.a. Don Juanb. The Rime of the Ancient Marinerc. The Lyrical Balladsd. Ode to the West Wind7. Which of the following did not belong to Romanticism?a. John Keatsb. Percy Shelleyc. William Wordsworthd. Alfred Tennyson8. Frankenstein was filmed many times. Who wrote the book?a. Edgar Allan Poeb. James Joycec. Mary Shelleyd. Walter Scott9. In the mid-18th century, a new literary movement called came to Europe and then to England.a. Romanticismb. Classicismc. Realismd. Restoration10. Which of the following poem was not written by John Keats?a. Ode to the West Windb. Ode to Autumnc. Ode on a Grecian Urnd. Ode to a NightingaleA C A ABCD C A A1. William Shakespeare is one of the giants of ______a. Romanticismb. Critical Realismc. Aestheticismd. the Renaissance2. ______ is the first important religious poet in Englishliterature.a. John Donneb. George Herbertc. Caedmond. Milton3. _______ was the first to introduce thesonnet into English literature.a. Thomas Wyattb. William Shakespearec. Philip Sidneyd. Thomas Gray4. The English poets _______ , WilliamWordsworth, and Robert Southey, were known as “ Lake Poets ”because they lived in the LakeDistrict Northwestern England at the beginning ofthe 19th century.a. George Byronb. John Keatsc. Percy Shelleyd. Samuel Coleridge5. The most gifted of the “University Wits ”was ___ .A. John LilyB. Thomas KydC. Thomas GreeneD. Christopher Marlowe6. __ is one of the forerunners of modern socialistthought.A. Phillip SidneyB. Edmund SpenserC. Thomas MoreD. Christopher Marlowe7. Morality plays appeared after ____ .A. miracle playsB. mystery playsC. interludeD. Classical plays8. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of characteristics of Renaissance?a. Exaltation of man 's pursuit of happiness in thislife.b. Cultivation of the genuine flavor of ancient culture.c. Tolerance of human weaknesses.d. Praise of man 's efforts in having his soul delivered.9. The most intellectual movement of the Renaissance was .A. the ReformationB. HumanismC. the Italian revivalD. Geographical exploration10. What is the relationship between Claudius and Hamlet?A. CousinsB. Uncle and nephewC. Father-in-lawD. Father and sonD C A D D C A D B B1. Which of the following is a typical feature of Swift's writings?A. Great wit.B. Bitter satire.C. Rich mythic allusions.D. Complicated sentence structures.2. __ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan3. The _______ was a progressive intellectual movement throughout Western Europe in the 18th century.A. RomanticismB. HumanismC. EnlightenmentD. Sentimentalism4. Who was the greatest dramatist in the 18th century?A. Oliver GoldsmithB. Richard SheridanC. Laurence SterneD. Henry Fielding5. In which of the following works can you find the proper names“ Lilliput ” , “ Brobdingnag ” , “ Houyhnhnm” and “ Yahoo ”? A.The Pilgrim ' s ProgressB. The Faerie QueeneC. Gulliver ' s TravelsD. The School for Scandal6. _ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthfullove lyrics and the later sacred verses.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John Dryden7. In The Pilgrim's Progress, John Bunyan describes The Vanity Fair in atone.A. delightfulB. solemnC. sentimentalD. satirical8. Defoe 'Rsobinson Crusoe created the image of an enterprisingEnglishman, typical of the English bourgeoisie in the _________century.A. 17thB. 19thC. 18thD. 20th9. ___ compiled the A Dictionary of the English Languagewhich became the foundation of all the subsequent English dictionaries.A. Ben JohnsonB. Samuel JohnsonC. Alexander PopeD. John Dryden10. __ found its representative writers in the field of poetry, such as Edward Young and Thomas Gray, but it manifested itself chiefly in the novels of Lawrence Sterne and Oliver Goldsmith. A. Pre-romanticism B. RomanticismC. SentimentalismD. NaturalismB AC B C CD C B C。

英国文学问答题1.Shakespeare:Questions:1.Why sleep is so frightening, according to Hamlet, since it canthe heartach “ end”the thousand natural shocks ”?2.Why would people rather hear all the sufferings of the world instead choosing death to get rid of them, according to Hamlet?3.What, after all, makes people lose their determination to take action? Please explain in relation to the so-called hesitation of Hamlet.4.What does Romeo compare Juliet to in the beginning passage of the selection?5.What is Romeo and Juliet ' s attitude toward being a Montague or a Capulet?6.What does Romeo mean when he says “ Look thou but sweet, /aAmn dp Iroof againsttheir enmity”?7.What's your understanding on theu tterance to “be or not be”?8.Briefly comment on the characteristics of Hamlet ' s personality.9.When were Shakespeare 'msa jor tragedies written? What did he write about in his tragedies?Answers for reference:1.Nobody can predict what he will dream of after he falls asleep.2.Death is so mysterious that nobody knows what death will bring to us. Maybe bitter sufferings, great pains, heartbreaking stories ⋯3.1) Conscience and over-considerations. 2) He wants to revenge, but doesn'ktn ow how;2) He wants to kill his uncle, but find it too risky; 3) He lives in despair andwants to commit suicide, 4)however, he knows if he dies, nobody will comfort his father ' s ghost. He is in face of great dilemma.4.Sun.5.They would give up their names for love ' s sake.6.Only if you are kind to me, their hatred cannot hurt me.7.“To be or not to be ” means to live or end one '-dse slitfreu cbtyio sne. lfHamlet has already spoken of suicide as a means of escape, and he dwells on it in a later partof thisvery speech, giving however a different reason for refraining. The notion that in the words “or not to be ” he is speculating on the possibility of “ somet”hin--g after death-whether there is a future life –cannot be entertained for a moment. The whole drift of the speech shows his belief in a future life. Practically the whole speech has become proverbial as an outpouring of utter worldly weariness.8.Hamlet is the typical of humanists under the pen of Shakespeare, who is characteristic of the perfection and perseverance in personality embodied in the Renaissance superman. As Ophelia tells us that he had been the ideal Renaissance prince___ a soldier, scholar, courtier, “ the glass of fashion and the mold of form. ” But since his father died and hismother hastily remarried, there is transition in his character. He was in the state of depression, melancholy and delay of revenging. Why? Because he realizes, as a humanist, what his real duty lies in. So he pretended to be mad, melancholy, depressed and slow in action. By large, he is very sensitive, resourceful and has his own ideas, and the essence of his revenging his father is not for himself or for the bloody family feuds and hatred but lies in punishing the social corruptions, the wrongs, praising the good, and setting it right. As humanist himself he is all alone, detaching himself from the mass, which is the major reason why he failed himself.9.Shakespeare ' s main tragedies were written during the period of gloom and depression, which dated from 1600 to 1607.Shakespeare ' s great tragedies are associated with a periogdlo o fm and sorrow in his life. During this period, England witnessed a general unrest, and social contradictions became very sharp. What caused the writer ' s personal sadness is unknown to us. It isgenerally attributed to the political misfortune of his friend and patron, Earl of Essex, who was killed by the queen.10.What was the keynote of the Renaissance? Can you define it?Answer : Humanism was the keynote of the Renaissance, reflecting the new outlook of the rising bourgeois class. The humanists advocated the emancipation of man, tried to have the new evaluation of man and his powers, fought for equality and justice and opposed feudal tyranny and religious obstinacy.11.What are Shakespeare ' s four great comedies and four great tragedies?Answer : The four great comedies: A Midsummer Night ' s Dream As You Like itThe Merchant of Venice Twelfth NightThe four great tragedies: Hamlet Othello King Lear Macbeth12.What is the theme of Shakespeare ' s Sonnet 18?Answer : Only literatur e ( “ eternal lines ” , “ this ” ) can contend with time, and literature is created byman, so in the final analysis, this poem glorifies man ' s greatness and immortality, which is a featureof the Renaissance Period.2.Bacon:13.According to Bacon, what studies chiefly serve for?14.According to Bacon, what are the disadvantages of studies?15.According to Bacon, what is the relationship between studies and life experiences?16.According to Bacon, different people have different attitudes toward studies, please name some.17.According to Bacon, what way should we have toward studies?18.According to Bacon, how studies exert influence over human character?19.Please list at least 4 major works written by Francis Bacon.Answers:13.Studies serve 1)for delight, 2)for ornament, and3) for ability. Their chief use for delight, is inprivateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement and disposition of business. (3points)14.1)To spend too much time in studies is sloth; 2)to use them too much for ornament, is affectation;3) to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar. (3points)15.1)Studies perfect nature, and are perfectec by experience: 2)for natural abilities are like natural plants, that need pruning by study; 3)and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in by experience. (3points)16.1)Crafty men contemn studies, 2)simple men admire them, and 3)wise men use them; 4)forthey teach not their own use; 5)but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won byobservation.(3points)17.1)Read not to contradict and confute;2) nor to believe and take for granted; 3)nor to find talk and discourse;4) but to weigh and consider. (3points)18.1)Histories make men wise; 2)poets witty; 3)the mathematics subtile; 4)natural philosophy deep; 5)moral grave; 6)logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. (3points)19.1)Advancement of Learning, 1605; 2)New Instrument,1620; 3)New Atlantis, 1626; 4)Essays,1625.(3points)3.Jane Austen:Questions:20. Why do you think of Mrs.Bennet? How can you characterize her?21. What do you known about Jane Austen ' s writing style?Answers for reference:20.1) She is mean, her only care is to marry her daughter to rich young men ; 2) She is simple and foolish, even cannot understand her husband ' s ironical words. 3) She loves her daughter , though she doesn ' t understand them ,but what she do is only for their happiness rather than herself.21.1) keen observation of society around her , good ear for conversation, use of mild, irony and penetrating analysis.2)Style, clarity, economy, skillful dialogue, tight plotting, simple and clear.3) Readers can find sth of themselves, comfort, tranquility, escape in her novels.22.Tell the story of Pride and Prejudice.Answer: Bingley, a rich bachelor, takes Netherfield Park, and brings there his friend Darcy. Bingley falls in love with Jane, and Darcy is attracted to her next sister Elizabeth, but offends her by his proud behavior. He proposes to her but is rejected. Her prejudice against him increases as more misunderstanding arises. After many twists and turns, however, things are cleared up, and the two couples are happily united.23.In Jane Austen ' s surroundings, what were the only important issues in life?Answer: In Jane Austen ' s surroundings, marriage, inheritance of property and maintenance of social prestige were the only important issues in life.24.On what issues were Jane Austen ' s novels centered?Answer: Her novels were centered on such issues as marriage, inheritance of property and maintenance of social prestige.25.From what book is the following paragraph taken? Who wrote it?“ Elizabeth, feeling all the more than common awkwardness and anxiety of his situation, now forced herself to speak; and immediately, though not very fluently, gave him to understand that hersentiments had undergone so material a change, since the period to which he alluded, as to make her receive with gratitude and pleasure his present assurances. The happiness which thisreply produced, was such as he had probably never felt before; and he expressed himself on the occasion as sensibly and as warmly as a man violently in love can be supposed to do. Had Elizabeth been able to encounter his eye, she might have seen how well the expression of heartfelt delight, diffused over his face, became him; but, though she could not look, she could listen, and he told her of feelings, which, in proving of what importance she was to him, made his affection every moment more valuable. ”Answer: It is taken from Pride and Prejudice by Jane Austen.26.Who said the following? From what book is it taken?“I cannot give you credit for any philosophy of the kind. Your retrospections must be so totally void of reproach, that the contentment arising from them is not of philosophy, but, what is much better, of innocence. But with me, it is not so. Painful recollections will intrude which cannot, which ought not, to be repelled. I have been a selfish being all my life, in practice, though not in principle. As a child I was taught what was right, but I was not taught to correct my temper. I was given good principles, but left to follow them in pride and conceit. Unfortunately an only son (for many years an only child), I was spoilt by my parents, who, though good themselves (my father, particularly, all that was benevolent and amiable), allowed, encouraged, almost taught me to be selfish and overbearing; to care for none beyond my own family circle; to think meanly of all the rest of the world; to wish at least to think meanly of their sense and worth compared with my own. Such I was, from eight to eight and twenty; and such I might still have been but for you, dearest, loveliest Elizabeth! What do I not owe you! You taught me a lesson, hard indeed at first, but most advantageous. By you, I was properly humbled. I came to you without a doubt of my reception. You showed me how insufficient were all my pretensions to please a woman worthy of being pleased. ”Answer: It was said by Darcy. It is taken from Pride and Prejudice.27.Do you agree with the statement “it is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife ”? Why?Answer : To make the statement really true, it would be better to omit “inp ossession of a goodfortune ”Th.e original statement actually is only the wishful thinking of Mrs. Bennet and is rather ironically amusing. Marriage and money have no relationship at all. We cannot define a man by his possession of fortune; marriage is something really holy and people marry because they fall in love with each other, not with money4.Charlotte Bronte:Questions:28.What' s the theme in Jane Eyre?29.Please show your understanding on the love between Jane Eyre and Mr Rochester .Answers for reference:28. 1) Jane Eyre is not only a love story; 2) it is also a plea for the recognition of theindividual worth and 3) sex equality that Women attempt to assert their own identity within the male- dominated society.29. Though poor and plain, Jane Eyre, who had a strong will of life, tried hard to get her rightsof equality. She left the man very much who was about 20 years older than she and richer. She just wanted him to treat her equally. She was great because her love made disillusionedRochester happy again. Mr. Rochester was a man full of life 's misery, yet he loved Jane truly and respected her very much. That 's why he got her love.30.Why does Jane Eyre decide to stay with Mr. Rochester?Answer : She has always loved him. She doesn 'ret ally want to marry St John. She once left Mr. Rochester because he was already married to Bertha, not because she stopped loving him. The call she hears at the window of “ Jane! Jane! ” makes her think Rochester is in trouble, so she goes back to findhim.31.Tell the story of Jane Eyre.Answer: Jane becomes a governess for Rochester, who falls in love with her, and she with him. They are about to be married when Jane, learning that Rochester has a wife, a lunatic, flees from the house. She is taken in and cared for by Rev. Rivers. Meanwhile, a great misfortune befalls Rochester: he loses his sight during a fire in the house, set by his mad wife. Hearing that Rochester is penniless and disabled, Jane Eyre hurries to him and becomes his wife.32.Why is Jane Eyre so popular?Answer: The heroine is plain and poor; the heroine is the first female character to claim the right to feel strongly about her emotions and act on her convictions; such a psychologically complex heroine had never been created before.33.Who said the following? From what book is it taken?“ Cruel, cruel deserter! Oh, Jane, what did I feel when I discovered you had fled from Thornfield, and when I could nowhere find you; and, after examining your apartment, ascertained that you had taken no money, nor anything which could serve as an equivalent! A pearl necklace I had given you lay untouched in its little casket; your trunks were left corded and locked as they had been prepared for the bridal tour. What could my darling do, I asked, left destitute and penniless? And what did she do? Let me hear now. ”Answer: It was said by Mr. Rochester. It is taken from Jane Eyre.5.Charles Dickens:Questions:34.How do you understand Pip ' s so called “ Great Expectation ” ?35.Please explain the reason thatG reat Expectation is a so-called bildungsroman or growth novel. Answers for reference:( 简略版)34. 1) W hen he was young, he wanted to become a blacksmith like Joe, his brother in law. 2) When he metHavisham and fell in love with Estella, his expectations changed: to raise his social status and become a gentleman,get a better education and then marry Estella. 3) When Pip discovered that his benefactor was in fact a convict, his “ great expectation ”turnedbubble, beautiful but transient. Pip finally realized the money and social status is not the most important thing in life. W hat' i s m portant is love and loyalty. M an's true value has nothing to do with his money and status.35. It is the novel of the growth and development of the hero Pip. There is absence of parents forPip who is raised by his sister and brother-in-law; As a gentleman, Pip condescends people of lower class, losing sight of the generous, kind aspect of being a gentleman; He is tested and drawn to destructive love etc.36.Tell the story of the excerpt from Great Expectations you have read.Answer : One night, a familiar figure comes into Pip - the' cosn rvoioctm M a–gwitch, who surprises Pip by saying that he, not Miss Havisham, is the source of Pip 's fortune. He tellsthat he was so moved by Pip ' boyhood kindness that he had diesd l i cfea t eod m haking Pip a gentleman, and made a fortune in Australia for that very purpose. Magwitch is caught and sentenced to death, and Pip loses his fortune.37.What is the theme of the excerpt from Great Expectations you have read? Answer : Affection, loyalty, and conscience were considered more important than social advancement and wealth38.From what book is the following paragraph taken? Who wrote it?“ Nothing was needed but thi；s the wretched man，after loading wretched me with his gold and silver chains for years, had risked his life to come to me, and I held it there in mykeeping ！If I had loved him instead of abhorring him; if I had been attracted to him by the strongest admiration and affection ，instead of shrinking from him with the strongest repugnance ；it could have been no worse. On the contrary，it would have been better，for his preservation would then have naturally and tenderly addressed my heart. ”Answer : It is taken from Great Expectations by Charles Dickens.39.How do you evaluate the meeting of Pip with Magwitch?Answer : The reappearance of the convict reveals that he, not Miss Havisham, is Pip ' s secret benefactor. This revelation deflates Pip ' s hopesfo trh aEts ht e l lais, maneda nitt completelycollapses the stark social divisions that have defined him in the novel. The fulfillment of his hope of being raised to a higher social class turns out to be the work of a man from a class even lower than his own.6.Thomas Hardy:Questions:40.What do you think causes Tess ' s tragedy?41.Please comment briefly on the fate of Tess in Tess of the D ' Urberv.i lles Answers for reference:40. 1) Tess was an innocent, pure girl. She was honest and sweet-natured and full of love for her familyand sympathy for others.2) the poverty of her family, the social environment and the collapse of the Agricultural economy; horse killed---claim kin 3) the double moral standard between men and women of that patriarchal society, “ chastity =pour rwityomen.4”) F oisr only fsuch a girl as Tess, her life was something that she couldn ' t control, chance of some unknown forces determined everything.41. Tess is actually a victim of her society. Hardy created the heroine Tess just to criticize the societyin his time. Tess is a tragic person simply because she is not accepted by the society in which agriculture is menaced by the forces of invading capitalism. So in a way, Tess ' fate isdecidher society.42.What is the significance of Tess resting on an altar in the heathen temple?Answer: She is the sacrifice of the social conventions and prejudice which society has placed upon her In Hardy s' eyes, she is the epitome of the purity of women, as pure as the sacrifices which are placed upon the altar. She knows that the fate which is about to befall upon her is just like the sacrifices on the altar unable to escape death. Her death is caused by human hypocrisy and foolishness, similar to that of a sacrifice.ment on this sentence: “ Justice was done, and the tP orfe tshied eImn mortals hadendedhis sport with Tess. ”Answer: The whole story is filled with a feeling of dismal foreboding and doom. Fateful circumstances and tragic coincidences abound in the book. In a way, Tess seems to be led to her final destruction step by step by fate. Coincidence adds one “ wrong ” to another until she is caught up in adead-end. To fully understand the novel, we have to take into consideration both its critical realist and naturalistic significance.44.What are themes of Tess of the D ' Urbervilles?Answer: They are the bold exposure of the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society, the bitter denunciation of the capitalist invasion into the country and the destruction of the English peasantry towards the end of the nineteenth century.ment on the fate of Tess.Answer: On one hand, Tess 's fate is personal, because she happens to be so beautiful, so pure, so innocent, so obedient, and so poor. On the other hand, her fate is a social one. It can be the fate of any country girl like her. It can be the fate of all the peasants who are driven out of their land and home and forced to seek somewhere else for sustenance.46.Why do we say that Tess is a victim of society?Answer: Tess, the heroine, is depicted as a victim of society. Being a beautiful, innocent, honest,sweet-natured, and hard-working country girl, she is easily taken in and abused by the hypocritical bourgeoisie, constantly suppressed by the social conventions and moral values of the day, and eventually executed by the unfair legal system of society.。

简爱问答考试题及答案一、选择题1. 《简爱》的作者是谁？A. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特B. 艾米莉·勃朗特C. 乔治·艾略特D. 简·奥斯汀答案：A2. 《简爱》中，简爱在桑菲尔德庄园担任什么职位？A. 家庭教师B. 护士C. 管家D. 女仆答案：A3. 简爱在桑菲尔德庄园的主人是谁？A. 爱德华·罗切斯特B. 圣约翰·里弗斯C. 玛丽亚·特恩布尔D. 乔治·林恩答案：A4. 简爱在桑菲尔德庄园时，她的学生是谁？A. 阿黛尔·瓦伦B. 乔治安娜·里弗斯C. 约翰·里弗斯D. 玛丽·里弗斯答案：A5. 《简爱》中，简爱最终与谁结婚？A. 爱德华·罗切斯特B. 圣约翰·里弗斯C. 乔治·林恩D. 威廉·威尔逊答案：A二、填空题1. 《简爱》是一部_______世纪英国文学的经典作品。

答案：192. 简爱在离开桑菲尔德庄园后，被_______和_______收留，并在他们的学校担任教师。

答案：玛丽·里弗斯，圣约翰·里弗斯3. 在《简爱》中，简爱继承了一笔遗产，金额为_______英镑。

答案：二万4. 简爱在桑菲尔德庄园时，庄园发生了一场大火，这场大火是由_______引起的。

答案：伯莎·梅森5. 《简爱》的结尾，简爱与爱德华·罗切斯特重逢时，罗切斯特失去了_______。

答案：视力三、简答题1. 简述《简爱》中简爱的成长经历。

答案：简爱自幼父母双亡，被送到盖茨黑德庄园与舅母生活，后被送至洛伍德寄宿学校。

成年后，她成为桑菲尔德庄园的家庭教师，与庄园主人爱德华·罗切斯特相爱。

经历一系列波折后，简爱离开庄园，继承遗产，并最终与失明的罗切斯特重逢并结婚。

2. 描述《简爱》中简爱的性格特点。

答案：简爱性格坚韧不拔，独立自主，具有强烈的自尊心和道德感。

名词解释：1, Humanism: a variety of ethical theory and practice that emphasizes reason, scientific inquiry, and human fulfillment in the natural world and often rejects the importance of belief in God. It focuses on human values and concerns, attaching prime importance to human rather than divine or supernatural matters.2, Renaissance: the period of European history at the close of the Middle Ages and the rise of the modern world; a cultural rebirth from the 14th through the middle of the17th centuries.The renaissance was a cultural movement that profoundly affected European intellectual life in the early modern period. Beginning in Italy, and spreading to the rest of Europe by the 16th century, its influence was felt in literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, religion, and other aspects of intellectual inquiry. Renaissance scholars employed the humanist method in study, and searched for realism and human emotion in art.3, Spenserian stanza: a fixed verse form invented by Edmund Spenser for his epic poem The Faerie Queene. Each stanza contains nine lines in total: eight lines in iambic pentameter followed by a single 'Alexandrine' line in iambic hexameter The rhyme scheme of these lines is "ababbcbcc."4, Metaphysical poets: The metaphysical poets is a term coined by the poet and critic Samuel Johnson to describe a loose group of British lyric poets of the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of conceits, and by speculation about topics such as love or religion.5, Lake Poets: The Lake Poets are a group of English poets who all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century. The three main figures of what has become known as the Lakes School are William Wordsworth, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, and Robert Southey6, Beowulf: It is the oldest poem in the English language and the most important specimen of Anglo-Saxon literature. The main stories are based on the folk legends of the primitive northern tribes. It is a pagan poem, which presents us an all-round picture of the tribal society.7, Byronic hero: The Byronic hero is a variant of the Romantic hero as a type of character, named after the English Romantic poet Lord Byron. a man proud, moody, cynical, with defiance on his brow, and misery in his heart, a scorner of his kind, implacable in revenge, yet capable of deep and strong affection8, Romanticism: Romanticism is a literary and artistic movement, which prevailed in England from 1798 to 1832. It is concerned with the expression of the individual's feeling and emotions and stressed strong emotion as a resource of aesthetic experience.9, Ode: a lyrical verse written in praise of, or dedicated to someone or something which captures the poet's interest or serves as an inspiration for the ode.10, University Wits: The University Wits were a group of late 16th century English playwrights who were educated at the universities and who became playwrights and popular secular writers. Prominent members of this group were Christopher Marlowe, Robert Greene, and Thomas Nashe from Cambridge, and John Lyly, Thomas Lodge, George Peele from Oxford.11, Sentimentalism: Sentimentalism stresses on material senses as being spiritual and/or considers soul to be material, thus anything done on sentimental level is more or less materialistic rather than spiritual/transcendental.12, Alliteration: Alliteration refers to the repetition of a particular sound in the first syllables of a series of words or phrases. Alliteration has developed largely through poetry, in which it more narrowly refers to the repetition of a consonant in any syllables that, according to the poem's meter, are stressed. Alliteration is commonly used in many languages, especially in poetry.13,Glorious Revolution: the name of the overthrow of King James II of England (James VII of Scotland and James II of Ireland) by a union of English Parliamentarians with the Dutch stadtholder William III of Orange-Nassau (William of Orange). William's successful invasion of England with a Dutch fleet and army led to his ascending the English throne as William III of England jointly with his wife Mary II of England. in 1688, William of orange landed at torbay and marched upon London. This takeover was smooth, with neither bloodshed, nor any execution of the King, which became known as the glorious revolution.14, Norman Conquest: the invasion and conquest of England by an army of Normans and French led by Duke William II of Normandy. William, who defeated King Harold II of England on 14 October 1066 at the Battle of Hastings, was crowned as king on Christmas Day 1066. He then consolidated his control over England and settled many of his followers in England, introducing a number of governmental and societal changes to medieval England.15, Ballad: A ballad is a form of verse, often a narrative set to music. Ballads were particularly characteristic of the popular poetry and song of the British Isles from the later medieval period until the 19th century and used extensively across Europe and later the Americas, Australia and North Africa. Many ballads were written and sold as single sheet broadsides. The form was often used by poets and composers from the 18th century onwards to produce lyrical ballads. In the later 19th century it took on the meaning of a slow form of popular love song and the term is now often used as synonymous with any love song, particularly the pop or rock power ballad.问答题：1. Humanism was a study first done in the renaissance. instead of learning only about god and religion, people, for the first time, started to just think about ourselves as people characteristics of humanism include anatomy, classicism, nature, realism, reason and learning, religion, individualism, youth, and perspective.2, Sonnet 18 theme of man and the natural world. On one level, Sonnet 18 is clearly concerned with the relationship between man and the eventual, inescapable death he’ll encounter in nature. On another level, the poet also seems fascinated by the relationship between seasonal weather and personal, internal "weather" and balance. Sonnet 18 Theme of Literature and Writing Like much of Shakespeare’s work, Sonnet 18 is all about writing and expressing one’s self through language. This is, at its clearest, a poem about the power of the written word over death, fate, and possibly even love. Sonnet 18 Theme of Time The speaker of Sonnet 18 is absolutely fixated on fate and mortality, but believes he’s come up with an effective time machine: poetry. Sonnet 18 is addressed to a friend, not to a woman Shakespeare compares his friendship to a summer's day. Friendship is unlike summer not changing and it is everlasting. Friendship is like a mild and eternal summer.3 The historical issues and developments of the time played a major role in provoking and shaping the new literary movement of Romanticism. The Industrial Revolution, its urbanization of English life, and its abuses against the working class called for a change in literary concerns and style. The basis aims of romanticism were various: a return to nature and to belief in the goodness of man; the rediscovery of the artist as a supremely individual creator; the exaltation of senses and emotions over reason and intellect.4，In this novel, Charlotte Bronte pours a great deal of her own experiences, such as the life at Lowood School and life as a governess. One of the central themes of the book is the criticism of the bourgeois system of education. Another problem raised by Charlotte in the novel is the position of woman in society. Jane Eyre is an orphan child with a fiery spirit and a longing to love and be loved. She is poor and plain but she dares to love her master, a man superior to her in many ways. As a little governess, she is brave enough to declare to the man her love for him. She cuts a completely new women image. She represents those middle-class working women who are struggling for recognition of their basic rights and equality as a human being.5，metaphysical poetry——complex, highly intellectual verse filled with intricate and far-fetched metaphors. John Donne is considered the greatest of the metaphysical poets.6 Another important feature of Swift's prose is that he uses the common touch. In other words, everybody can understand his language that is why even children can read his books with so much enjoyment. Also, Swift addresses people as rational and political beings, making them his equals. Swift wrote in a very plain and downrightstyle. He didn't use any embellishment. At times, when Swift was writing serious stuff this same plain style appears dry but when writing humorously, this same plainness gives his wit a singular edge. Swift didn't use ornate or rhetorical language.7 After the Norman Conquest, the general relation of Normans and Saxons was that of master and servant. One of the most striking manifestations of the supremacy of the conquerors was to be seen in the language. The Norman lords spoke French, while their English subjects retained their old tongue. For a long time the scholar wrote in Latin and the courtier in French. There was almost no written literature in English for a time. Chronicles and religious poems were in Latin. Romances, the prominent kind of literature in the Anglo-Norman period, were at first all in French. By the end of the fourteenth century, when Normans and English intermingled, English was once more the dominant speech in the country. But now it became something different from the old Anglo-Saxon. The structure of the language remained English, and the common words were almost all retained, though often somewhat modified in form. But many terms employed by the Normans were adopted into the English language.8 The character Shylock, in Shakespeare's The Merchant of Venice, is portrayed as a beastly monstrosity, with a lust for Antonio's life. Shylock is clearly a villain in the sense that he takes repeatedly takes advantage of people in vulnerable economic situations and makes a handsome living in this way. He is not an inherently likable character throughout “The Merchant of Venice” by Shakespeare;he avoids friendships, he is cranky, and he is steadfast in his beliefs to the point of being rigid. Shylock is also a man who is unreasonable and self-thinking, demanding Shylock is a man who is hardly likable in all aspects throughout “The Merchant of Venice”.9 Robinson Crusoe is one of the protagonists drawn most successfully in English novels. Through his characterization of Crusoe, Defoe describes him as a hero struggling against nature and human fate with an indomitable will, and highly praises his creative labor, physical and mental, an allusion to the glorification of the bourgeois creativity when it was a rising and more energetic class in the initial stage of its historical development.10 In Shakespeare's Hamlet, a ghost tells Hamlet that his uncle, Claudius, is responsible for the death of his father. Hamlet is driven to reveal the truth of his father's death and seeks to avenge his murder to achieve justice. In his quest to right the wrongdoing, Hamlet delays acting toward justice for many reasons. The main factor for Hamlet's hesitation is attributed to his self-discipline. He lacks of ability to act on his emotions. Hamlet is an intelligent, moral, and reserved character. He restrains himself to act rationally and not on emotion. This hesitation is a tragic flaw for Hamlet, but in order to resolve the truth, it is necessary. Hamlet has doubts about the validity of the ghost; he is too rational a character to seek revenge on Claudius based on a conversation with a supernatural spirit. He is unsure whether it was his father's ghost, or some evil deity trying to trick him.。

英国文学试题及答案### 英国文学试题一、选择题1. 谁被认为是英国文学之父？- A. 莎士比亚- B. 乔叟- C. 狄更斯- D. 拜伦2. 以下哪部作品不是简·奥斯汀所写？- A. 《傲慢与偏见》- B. 《理智与情感》- C. 《简·爱》- D. 《诺桑觉寺》3. 以下哪位作家是现代主义文学的代表人物？- A. 托马斯·哈代- B. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫- C. 乔治·奥威尔- D. 奥斯卡·王尔德二、填空题4. 莎士比亚的四大悲剧包括《哈姆雷特》、《奥赛罗》、《李尔王》和__________。

5. 英国浪漫主义诗人拜伦的代表作《唐璜》是一部__________。

三、简答题6. 简述查尔斯·狄更斯在19世纪英国文学中的地位及其作品的特点。

7. 描述《呼啸山庄》中希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的关系。

四、论述题8. 讨论《简·爱》中简·爱的性格特点及其对女性独立意识的影响。

答案一、选择题1. B. 乔叟2. C. 《简·爱》3. B. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫二、填空题4. 《麦克白》5. 长篇叙事诗三、简答题6. 查尔斯·狄更斯是19世纪英国最伟大的小说家之一，他的作品以其对社会不公和贫困的深刻描绘而闻名。

狄更斯通过他的作品，如《双城记》和《远大前程》，展现了维多利亚时代英国社会的复杂面貌，同时，他的作品也以其幽默感和对人物的深刻刻画而受到读者的喜爱。

7. 在《呼啸山庄》中，希斯克利夫和凯瑟琳的关系是小说的核心。

他们从小一起长大，彼此深爱，但由于社会阶层和财富的差异，他们的爱情受到了挑战。

凯瑟琳最终选择了嫁给富有的林顿，这导致了希斯克利夫的复仇计划，以及他们之间悲剧性的爱情故事。

四、论述题8. 《简·爱》是夏洛蒂·勃朗特的代表作，小说的主人公简·爱以其独立、坚强和有原则的性格而著称。

《英国文学》题库及答案I.Choose the best to complete the following statements1.“O Wind/If winter comes,can spring be far behind?” The two lines are from _______.A. “To Autumn”B. “To a Nightingale”C. “Ode to the West Wind”D. “To a Skylark”2. “To be or not to be----that is the question” is taken from_______.A.HamletB.Romeo and JulietC.The Merchant of theVeniceD.Macbeth3. _______ is romantic love tragedy.A. Romeo and JulietB. MacbethC.The Merchant of the VeniceD. Hamlet4. Beowulf. is considered as _______.A. the best epic in English literatureB. the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsC. the best narrative poem in English literatureD.the best romance5. In_____,Chaucer created a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society and a whole gallery of vivid characters.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Romaunt of the RoseC.The Legend of Good WomenD.Troilus and Criseyde6. ___ marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.A. Enlightenment MovementB. The Glorious RevolutionC. The RenaissanceD. Reformation7. _____is not a writer in the Renaissance.A .Francis BaconB .William Shakespeare C. John Milton D .Jonathan Swift8. __ is NOT the style of Bacon’s essays.A. brevityB. compactness C .powerfulness D .high-flowness9 ______ is generally accepted as an English epic besides Beowulf.A.Samson AgonistesB.Paradise LostC.Paradise RegainedD. “Lycidas”10.The Neo-classicism is markedly characterized by the emphisis of__________.A.realismB.didactic functionC.elegant styleD. lyricism11.____________ is not a picaresque novel.A. Great Expectations B Gulliver’s TravelsC. Robinson CrosueD. The Pilgrim’s Progress12. “Death, Be not Proud” is an Italian sonnet by____.A.ShakespeareB.John MiltonC.John DonneD. Drydon13. In Paradise Lost, Milton doesn’t refers God to____.A.KingB.FoeC.VictorD. Friend14._________ is not a Lake poet?A.SoutheyB.WordworthC.ShelleyD.Coleridge15. ____is a typical Byronic heroe.A.Don JuanB.ShelleyC. BeowulfD. Iliad16.He was the 1st important Romantic poet,showing a contempt for rationalism and bringing somethingfresh to British poetry.He is __.A .Wordsworth B.Blake C.Keats D.Coleridge17. “Did he smile his work to see? /Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”, the 2 lines are from___.A. “the Lamb”B. “The Tyger”C. “The Cheminey Sweeper”D. “The Sick Roes”18. In the above quoted lines, “the Lamb” refers to____.A .Nature B.Jesus Christ C.God D.Uncertain19. “The waves beside them danced; but they /Outdid the sparking waves in glee; ” here, “they ”refer to____.A. rosesB.voletsC.daffodilsD.girls20.The pleasure dome is described in ____.A. “Kubla Khan”B. “Christabel”C. “Frost at Midnight”D. “Dejection:An Ode”21.“Ode to the West Wind” is in____.A.abb bbcB.terza rimaC.aab bcbD.free verse22.In“Ode to the West Wind”, west wind is the biggest symbol; it symbolizes______.A. destroyer and preserverB.boundless freedomC.a lyreD.both A and B23. “Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard /Are sweeter;therefore,ye soft pipes,play on;”the2 lines are from“Ode on a Grecian Urn”by _____.A. John KeatsB.William WordsworthC.ByronD.Sheelley24.The striking characteristic of the Victorian fiction lies in___.A.critical realismB.a return to rationalismC.naturalismD.an overall negation of society25.____is not a character created by Charles Dickens.A.Oliver TwistB.David CopperfieldC.PipD. Ishmael26. Tess is sandwiched between and murdered by two so-called gentlemen: one is Alec, and the other is ______.A. Angel ClareB. Alec’s brotherC. LouisD. Babalou27.Linguist Higgins appears in____.A.Widower’s HousesB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. St. JoanD. Pygmalion28.In “Auld Lang Syne”, the poet is singing for ______.A.loveB.friendshipC.patriotismD.his mother29.In “The Rocking Horse Winner”, Lawrence attacks____.A.money-worshippingB.hypocricyC.industrialismmercialism30. “My Last Duchess” is a famous ______ by ______.A. love lyric; WordsworthB.dramatic monologue;TennysonC.dramatic monologue; BrowningD.tragedy; ShawII.Please explain the following terms briefly1. Neo-classicism:2.The Waste Land3. blank verse4.The Great Expectation 34.heroic couplet5. Shakespearean Sonnet6.Critical Realism7. dramatic monologueIII.Answer the following questions1.Why is Shakespeare great in the history of British literature?2.What does Wordsworth want to say in “I Wandered as A Lonely Cloud”?3.Please explain the theme of Tess of the D’Urbevilles.4. In what a way is Renaissance significant in the history of Europe?5. What does T.S. Eliot want to say in “The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”?6. What does Wordsworth describe in “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”?7. What is the major theme of the novels of Lawrence?8. What does Byron want to say in “She Walks in Beauty”?《英国文学》作业参考答案I.1.C2.A3.A4.B5.A6.C7.D8.D9.B 10.B11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A21.B 22.D 23.A 24.A 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.CII.1. Neo-classicism is revival of interest in the old classical works.According to theneo-classicists,all forms of literature werw to be modeled after the classical works of Greek and Roman writers and those of the contemporary French ones.They believed that the artisical ideals should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.This belief led them to seek proption,unity,harmony and grace in literary expression.Thus a polite,urbane,witty and intellectual art developed.2. The Waste Land has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry,comparable to Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads. With bold technical innovations in versification andstyle,the poem not only presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation in the modern Western world, but also reflects the prevalent mood of disillusionment and despair of a wholepost-war generation. The poem is about the spiritual breakup of a modern civilization in which humanlife has lost its meaning, significance and purpose. It is regarded as a reflection of the 20th century people’s disillusionment and frustration in a sterile and futile society.3. blank verse refers to unrhymed verse of iambic pentametre.4.Heroic couplet refers to two lines of iambic pentameter rhyming with each other.5. Sonnet is a lyric poem almost invariably of 14 lines and following one of several set rhyme-schemeThere are 2 widely accepted rhyme-schemes:Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet and English (Shakespearean)sonnet.The former consists of a octave(abbaabba) and a sestet (cdecde,cdccdc or cdedce).The English is made up of 3 quatrains and an heroic couplet.It rhymes in ababcdcdefefgg.6. It is a literary movement in the 2nd half of the 19th century and the beginning decade of the 20thcentury as a reaction to Romanticism.The realists holds that literature should be faithful to andwrite about the possibilty of reality.They on one hand expose the social problems,on the other hand,try to find solutions to the problems.Most of them are democratic social reformers.7. Dramatic monologue refers to a lyrical poem which reveals “a soul in action” through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. The character is speaking to an identifiablebut silent lis tener at the dramatic moment of the speaker’s life.III.1.William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is one of the most remarkable playwrightsand poets the world hasever known.With his 38 plays,154 sonnets and 2 long poems,he has established his giant position inworld literature.The influence of Shakespeare upon British literature is hard to measure and it isnot exegerated to say that all the writers after him have been influenced by him directly or indirectly.A. As a humanist, Shakepeare enthuiastically eulogizes humanity and writes in the spirit of Renaissance.He was against feudal tyranny ,religious persecution,racial discrimination,social inequality and the corrupting influence of money and gold.B. Shakespeare holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth,and shouldreflect nature and reality;he believes that only this kind of literature can reach immortality.C.Shakespeare is a great master of the English language2. This poem is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature, and one that takes usto the core of Wordsworth’s poetic beliefs. In his eyes, nature is sublime and sacred and willexert a lasting influence upon a soul. The poem is a record of his sublime communion with nature .3. This novel is one of the best and most popular work by Hardy. It is a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction of the English peasantry towands the end of the century.Tess, as a pure woman, broughtup with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, is abused and destroyed by both Alec and Angel,agents of the destructive force of the society. And the misery, the poverty and the heartfelt painshe suffers and her final tragedy give rise to a most bitter cry of protest and denunciation of the society.4. The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.Generally ,it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.It first started in Italy,with the flowering of painting,sculpture and literature.From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.The Renaissance ,which means rebirth or revival,is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events,such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture,the new discovery in geography and astrology,the religious reformation and the economic expansion.The Renaissance,therefore,in essence ,is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,to introduce new ideas that expressed the interest of the rising bourgeeoisie,and to recover the purity of early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic Church.5. The poem is Eliot’s most striking early achievement. It presents the meditation of an aging young man over the business of proposing marriage.The poem is in a form of dramatic monologue, suggesting an ironic contrast between a pretended “love song”and a confession of the speaker’s incapability facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class world. Prufrock, the protagonist of poem, is neurotic, self-important, illogical and incapable of action. He is a kind of tragic figure caught in asense of defeated idealism and tortured by unsatisfied desires. The poem is intensely anti-romantic with visual images of hard, gritty objects and evasive hellish atmosphere.6. (main points)He reveals his sympathy for the poor woman in rural area.7. In his novels he writes about the dehumanization brought about by the industrial civilization and he believes that individual’s psychological development lies in the sexual impulse—Life Force. Consequently, he frequently touches upon the sexual relationship between man and woman in most of hios novels.8. see textbook.。

《英国文学》题库及答案《英国文学》题库及答案I.Choose the best to complete the following statements1.“O Wind/If winter comes,can spring be far behind?” The two lines are from _______.A. “T o Autumn”B. “To a Nightingale”C. “Ode to the West Wind”D. “To a Skylark”2. “To be or not to be----that is the question” is taken from_______.A.HamletB.Romeo and JulietC.The Merchant of theVeniceD.Macbeth3. _______ is romantic love tragedy.A. Romeo and JulietB. MacbethC.The Merchant of the VeniceD. Hamlet4. Beowulf. is considered as _______.A. the best epic in English literatureB. the national epic of the Anglo-SaxonsC. the best narrative poem in English literatureD.the best romance5. In_____,Chaucer created a comprehensive realistic picture of the English society and a whole gallery of vivid characters.A.The Canterbury TalesB.The Romaunt of the RoseC.The Legend of Good WomenD.Troilus and Criseyde6. ___ marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.A. Enlightenment MovementB. The Glorious RevolutionC. The RenaissanceD. Reformation7. _____is not a writer in the Renaissance.A .Francis BaconB .William Shakespeare C. John Milton D .Jonathan Swift8. __ is NOT the style of Bacon’s essa ys.A. brevityB. compactness C .powerfulness D .high-flowness9 ______ is generally accepted as an English epic besides Beowulf.A.Samson AgonistesB.Paradise LostC.Paradise RegainedD. “Lycidas”10.The Neo-classicism is markedly characterized by the emphisis of__________.A.realismB.didactic functionC.elegant styleD. lyricism11.____________ is not a picaresque novel.A. Great Expectations B Gulliver’s TravelsC. Robinson CrosueD. The Pilgrim’s Progress12. “Death, Be not Proud” is an Italian sonnet by____.A.ShakespeareB.John MiltonC.John DonneD. Drydon13. In Paradise Lost, Milton doesn’t refers God to____.A.KingB.FoeC.VictorD. Friend14._________ is not a Lake poet?A.SoutheyB.WordworthC.ShelleyD.Coleridge15. ____is a typical Byronic heroe.A.Don JuanB.ShelleyC. BeowulfD. Iliad16.He was the 1st important Romantic poet,showing a contempt for rationalism and bringing somethingfresh to British poetry.He is __.A .Wordsworth B.Blake C.Keats D.Coleridge17. “Did he smile his work to see? /Did he who made the Lamb make thee?”, the 2 lines are from___.A. “the Lamb”B. “The Tyger”C. “The Cheminey Sweeper”D. “The Sick Roes”18. In the above quoted lines, “the Lamb” refers to____.A .Nature B.Jesus Christ C.God D.Uncertain19. “The waves bes ide them danced; but they /Outdid the sparking waves in glee; ” here, “they ”refer to____.A. rosesB.voletsC.daffodilsD.girls20.The pleasure dome is described in ____.A. “Kubla Khan”B. “Christabel”C. “Frost at Midnight”D. “Dejection:An Ode”21.“Ode to the West Wind” is in____.A.abb bbcB.terza rimaC.aab bcbD.free verse22.In“Ode to the West Wind”, west wind is the biggest symbol; it symbolizes______.A. destroyer and preserverB.boundless freedomC.a lyreD.both A and B23. “Heard melodies are sweet, but those unheard /Are sweeter;therefore,ye soft pipes,play on;”the2 lines are from“Ode on a Grecian Urn”by _____.A. John KeatsB.William WordsworthC.ByronD.Sheelley24.The striking characteristic of the Victorian fiction lies in___.A.critical realismB.a return to rationalismC.naturalismD.an overall negation of society25.____is not a character created by Charles Dickens.A.Oliver TwistB.David CopperfieldC.PipD. Ishmael26. Tess is sandwiched between and murdered by two so-called gentlemen: one is Alec, and the other is ______.A. Angel ClareB. Alec’s brotherC. LouisD. Babalou27.Linguist Higgins appears in____.A.Widower’s HousesB. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionC. St. JoanD. Pygmalion28.In “Auld Lang Syne”, the poet is singing for ______.A.loveB.friendshipC.patriotismD.his mother29.In “The Rocking Horse Winner”, Lawrence attacks____.A.money-worshippingB.hypocricyC.industrialism/doc/8411870195.html,mercialism30. “My Last Duchess” is a famous ______ by ______.A. love lyric; WordsworthB.dramatic monologue;TennysonC.dramatic monologue; BrowningD.tragedy; ShawII.Please explain the following terms briefly1. Neo-classicism:2.The Waste Land3. blank verse4.The Great Expectation 34.heroic couplet5. Shakespearean Sonnet6.Critical Realism7. dramatic monologueIII.Answer the following questions1.Why is Shakespeare great in the history of British literature?2.What does Wordsworth want to say in “I Wandered as A Lonely Cloud”?3.Please explain the theme of Tess of the D’Urbevilles.4. In what a way is Renaissance significant in the history of Europe?5. What does T.S. Eliot want to say in “The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock”?6. What does Wordsworth describe in “She Dwelt Among the Untrodden Ways”?7. What is the major theme of the novels of Lawrence?8. What does Byron want to say in “She Walks in Beauty”?《英国文学》作业参考答案I.1.C2.A3.A4.B5.A6.C7.D8.D9.B 10.B11.A 12.C 13.D 14.C 15.A 16.B 17.B 18.B 19.C 20.A21.B 22.D 23.A 24.A 25.D 26.A 27.D 28.B 29.A 30.CII.1. Neo-classicism is revival of interest in the old classical works.According to theneo-classicists,all forms of literature werw to be modeled after the classical works of Greek and Roman writers and those of the contemporary French ones.They believed that the artisical ideals should be judged in terms of its service to humanity.This belief led them to seek proption,unity,harmony and grace in literary expression.Thus a polite,urbane,witty and intellectual art developed.2. The Waste Land has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th century English poetry,comparable to Wordsworth’s Lyrical Ballads. With bold technical innovations in versification andstyle,the poem not only presents a panorama of physical disorder and spiritual desolation in the modern Western world, but also reflects the prevalent mood of disillusionment and despair of a wholepost-war generation. The poem is about the spiritualbreakup of a modern civilization in which humanlife has lost its meaning, significance and purpose. It is regarded as a reflection of the 20th century people’s disillusionment and frustration in a sterile and futile society.3. blank verse refers to unrhymed verse of iambic pentametre.4.Heroic couplet refers to two lines of iambic pentameter rhyming with each other.5. Sonnet is a lyric poem almost invariably of 14 lines and following one of several set rhyme-schemeThere are 2 widely accepted rhyme-schemes:Italian (Petrarchan) sonnet and English (Shakespearean)sonnet.The former consists of a octave(abbaabba) and a sestet (cdecde,cdccdc or cdedce).The English is made up of 3 quatrains and an heroic couplet.It rhymes in ababcdcdefefgg.6. It is a literary movement in the 2nd half of the 19th century and the beginning decade of the 20thcentury as a reaction to Romanticism.The realists holds that literature should be faithful to andwrite about the possibilty of reality.They on one hand expose the social problems,on the other hand,try to find solutions to the problems.Most of them are democratic social reformers.7. Dramatic monologue refers to a lyrical poem which reveals “a soul in action” through the conversation of one character in a dramatic situation. The character is speaking to an identifiablebut silent lis tener at the dramatic moment of the speake r’s life.III.1.William Shakespeare (1564-1616) is one of the most remarkable playwrightsand poets the world hasever known.With his 38 plays,154 sonnets and 2 long poems,he has established his giant position inworld literature.The influence of Shakespeare upon British literature is hard to measure and it isnot exegerated to say that all the writers after him have been influenced by him directly or indirectly.A. As a humanist, Shakepeare enthuiastically eulogizes humanity and writes in the spirit of Renaissance.He was against feudal tyranny ,religious persecution,racial discrimination,social inequality and the corrupting influence of money and gold.B. Shakespeare holds that literature should be a combination of beauty, kindness and truth,and shouldreflect nature and reality;he believes that only this kind of literature can reach immortality.C.Shakespeare is a great master of the English language2. This poem is perhaps the most anthologized poem in English literature, and one that takes usto the core of Wordsworth’s poetic beliefs. In his eyes, nature is sublime and sacred and willexert a lasting influence upon a soul. The poem is a record of his sublime communion with nature .3. This novel is one of the best and most popular work by Hardy. It is a fierce attack on the hypocritical morality of the bourgeois society and the capitalist invasion into the country and destruction of the English peasantry towands the end of the century.Tess, as a pure woman, broughtup with the traditional idea of womanly virtues, is abused and destroyed by both Alec and Angel,agents of the destructive force of the society. And the misery, the poverty and the heartfelt painshe suffers and her final tragedy give rise to a most bitter cry of protest and denunciation of the society.4. The Renaissance marks a transition from the medieval to the modern world.Generally ,it refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries.It first started in Italy,with the flowering of painting,sculpture and literature.From Italy the movement went to embrace the rest of Europe.The Renaissance ,which means rebirth or revival,is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events,such as the rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture,the new discovery in geography and astrology,the religious reformation and the economic expansion.The Renaissance,therefore,in essence ,is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe,to introduce new ideas that expressed the interest of the rising bourgeeoisie,and to recover the purity of early church from the corruption of Roman Catholic Church.5. The poem is Eliot’s most striking early achievement. It presents the meditation of an aging young man over the business of proposing marriage.The poem is in a form of dramatic monologue, suggesting an ironic contrast between a pretended “love song”and a confession of the speaker’s incapability facing up to love and to life in a sterile upper-class world. Prufrock, the protagonist of poem, is neurotic, self-important, illogical and incapable of action. He is a kind of tragic figure caught in asense of defeated idealism and tortured by unsatisfied desires. The poem is intensely anti-romantic with visual images of hard, gritty objects and evasive hellish atmosphere.6. (main points)He reveals his sympathy for the poor woman in rural area.7. In his novels he writes about the dehumanization brought about by the industrial civilization and he believes that individual’s psychological development lies in the sexual impulse—Life Force. Consequently, he frequently touches upon the sexual relationship between man and woman in most of hios novels.8. see textbook.。

英国文学课后习题答案Unit 1 Geoffrey ChaucerThe Canterbury Tales:1.How is thesetting of thetales described?With such asetting, couldyou predict thegeneral tone ofthe tales that areto follow?The setting ofthe tale is that agroup of saintslived in the samehoteldetermined tocontinue theirjourney as agroup and theytell differentstories on theirway. The generaltone of the taleis comedy.2.In your ownwords,summarize thecharacter of theKnight from thebrief introductionin this excerpt.The knight is agood person, heis a sincere saint.He is going onhis pilgrimage ashe just comesback from hisvoyage. And atthe same time,he is a bravesoldier and madecontributions tothe wars. But heis very polite andwears simplecloth in his life.3.Withoutcomparison withthe translatedversion, are therewords stillrecognizable toyou in theoriginal MiddleEnglish version?Although thewords used inThe CanterburyTales are MiddleEnglish, to amodern reader,they are notentirelyunrecognizable.Some of thevocabularies aremuch similar toModern English,therefore, inmost cases,readers canguess and theninterpret themeaning ofthese words, i.e.,droghte isequivalent todrought, licour isequivalent toliquor and so on.Unit 2 WilliamShakespeareHamlet：1.Why sleep is sofrightening,according toHamlet, since itcan “end” theheartache andthe thousandnatural shocks”?Nobody canpredict what hewill dream ofafter he fallsasleep. Deathmeans the endof life, you maygo to anunknown worldand you c an’tcome back. If hedies, Hamletcan't realize hiswill. Though“sleep” can endthe heartacheand thethousandnatural shocks,it is a state ofmind. Hamletdidn’t know atall. He isfrightened bythe possiblesuffering in thelong “dream”.He can’t pred ictwhat willhappen in thesleep, may begood may beevil.2.Why wouldpeople ratherhear all thesufferings of theworld insteadchoosing deathto get rid ofthem, accordingto Hamlet?Death is somysterious thatnobody knowswhat death willbring to us.Maybe bittersufferings, greatpains,heartbreakingstories…3.What, after all,makes peoplelose theirdetermination totake action?Please explainin relation to theso-calledhesitation ofHamlet.1)Conscienceand over-considerations.2)He wants torevenge,but doesn’tknow how;3)He wants tokill his uncle,but find ittoo risky;4)He lives indespair andwants tocommitsuicide,5)However, heknows if hedies,nobody willcomfort hisfather’sghost. He isin face ofgreatdilemma. Romeo and Juliet: 1.What doesRomeo compareJuliet to in thebeginningpassage of theselection?Sun2.What is Romeoand Juliet’sattitude towardbeing aMontague or aCapulet?They would giveup their namesfor love’s sake. 3.What doesRomeo meanwhen he says“Look thou butsweet, /And I amproof againsttheir enmity”?Only if you arekind to me, theirhatred cannothurt me. Sonnet 18:1.How does thepoet answer thequestion he putsforth in the firstline?The poet openswith a questionthat is addressed to the beloved,"Shall I comparethee to asummer's day?"This question iscomparing“thee” to thesummer time ofthe year. It isduring this timewhen theflowers areblooming, treesare full of leaves,the weather iswarm, and it isgenerallyconsidered as anenjoyable timeduring the year.The followingeleven lines inthe poem arealso dedicated tosimilarcomparisonsbetween thebeloved andsummer days.The poetanswers thequestion bysaying that "thouart more lovelyand moretemperate" thansummer. At last,the poet startsto praise that thebeloved is sogreat and awingthat she is to liveforever in thissonnet.2.What makes thepoet think that“thou” can bemore beautiful(fair) thansummer andimmortal?At the verybeginning, thepoet puts forth aquestion: “Shall Icompare thee toa summer’sday?” Then hegives an answer,“Thou art morelovely and moretemperate.” Onthe one hand,“Rough winds doshake the darlingbuds of May,and summer’slease hath all tooshort a date;” onthe other hand,“Sometime toohot the heavenshines, and oftenis his goldcomplexiondimmed.” Sofrom the abovetwo aspects thepoet thinks that“thou” can bemore beautifulthan summer. Inaddition, “Andevery fair fromfair sometimedeclines, bychance, ornature’schanging courseuntrimmed.”Compared withi mmortal, “Butthy eternalsummer shallnot fade, norlose possessionof that fair thouow’st, nor shalldeath brag thouwand’rest in hisshade, when ineternal lines totimes thougrow’st.”Therefore, thepoet draws aconclusion: “Solong as men canbreathe or eyescan see, so longlives this, andthis gives life tothee.” In thispoem, the poetmakes “thou”more beautifulthan summerand immortalbecause of hisbeautiful lines.So in this case,“thou” in thepoem can beregarded asfemale becauselove can makebeauty eternal.Or “thou” can bereferred to male,for friendshipcan make beautyeverlasting. Even“thou” can beabstract “love”or “beauty”which willbecome eternalin the wonderfulpoem.The poet thinks that every summer is going to fade and go away, whereas thou will always be beautiful and lovely.Unit 3 Francis BaconOf Marriage and Single Life:1.Is marriage animpediment orhelp to one’scareerdevelopment?In the easyOf Marriageand Singlelife, Baconprefersmarriage tosingle life.He thinks“unmarriedmen arebest friends;best masters;bestservants; butnot alwaysbest subjects;for they arelight to runaway; andalmost allfugitives areof thatcondition”,“Wives are young men’smistresses;companionsfor middleage; and oldmen’snu rses”.I have to sayhis wordscan still betrue today.The ability tolove and beloved is themostprecious ofgifts given toman, whichshould behighlytreasured.Family let aman learn tocare thewhole unit.He has totake goodcare of hiswife and son,love them,beresponsiblefor them, allof which arethe same towomen. Allthesequalities arevital toanyone’scareer.When youwork backhome, wifeor husbandis always thelistener toyou, son thewarm heartto you.Spouseshelp eachother andsupporteach other;family is theharbor forsoul. Thus ithelps one’scareerdevelopment.2.In what sense arewife and children“a kind ofdiscipline ofhumanity”?A bachelor’slife focus isbut himself,so he willspend a lotof money oneverythingthat feastshis eyeswithouthesitation.What’s more,he is likely tohave a go atany risksthat makehim feelexciting andfresh forbeing freefrom anyburden.However, amarried manalways tendsto thinktwice beforemaking animportantdecision inorder topreventbringing anyharm to hisfamily. Heshould havethemotivationto work hardto fulfill wifeandchildren’sexpectation.As a result,family let aman learn tocare thewhole unit.He has totake goodcare of hiswife and son,love them,and beresponsiblefor them. Alovinghusband anda qualifiedfather cancontributethe greatestmerit for thepublic to alarge extent.3.Bacon prefersmarriage tosingle life. Doyou find hisargumentsconvincing?I think his arguments are convincing. Bacon’s basic idea is that marriage is good to both individual and society. His analysis is taken step by step. At first, a single man thinks just to live a single life can he make some great contribution s to the society. But a single person only cares about himself, and h e doesn’t pay attention to the future, which is very unwise. Single life could also make a man to be serious to his freedom. On the contrary, marriage makes a man be responsible, tender, enthusiastic and warm-hearted. As the author saying: “wives areyoung men’smistresses,companionsfor middleage, and oldmen’snurses”. Itmeans thatwhen a manis young,wife talksabout lovewith him,when hecomes tomiddle age,wife alwaysstay withhim as acompanion,when hebecomes old,wife willtake care ofhim till theend of time.Even thougha wifemarries abad husband,marriageoffers agood chancefor husbandto correctthemselves.The wholeessay’s mainpoint is veryobvious,author tellsfrom twoaspects.Firstly, hesays howbad it is tobe a singleman.Secondly, hetells a lot ofadvantagesof beingmarried.Each aspecthas enoughproof. AtBacon’speriod, hisargumentsmay bemoreconvincingthannowadays.Of Studies:1.We are nowliving in the ageof “informationexplosion”. Whatlessons can welearn fromBacon’s “OfStudies” in ouraccess toinformation?According to Bacon,the general counsels,and the plots andmarshaling of affairs,come best fromthose that arelearned. That is tosay, right decisionsand judgments overimportant mattersare based uponcomprehensiveknowledge which isacquired by studies.Without a widerange of knowledge,a person cannotdigest information,analyze informationand take timelymeasuresaccordingly.2.In what sensedoes readingmake a full man?As far as I’mconcerned, readingcan make a full man,can cultivate a man,and can make a manmove forward in theway he understandthe view of the world,the life and the value.A full man shouldhave a positive worldview and adopt anactive philosophy oflife, which areusually based on abalanced knowledgestructure. FromFrancis Bacon’s OfStudies, I know thatthe essay not onlyintroduces themethods of readingbooks and discussesthe purposes andfunctions of reading,but also analyzes thedifferent attitudes ofthe people who arereading books. Mostimportantly, we canknow how to be afull man fromreading.Reading can enlargeour knowledge indifferent fields. FromOf Studies, studiesserve for delight, forornament, and forability. It means thatstudies can makepeople happy, wise,increasingknowledge. If weread all kinds ofbooks, we are able totaste what might not happen to us in real life, and then ask ourselves what we would do in that situation. Besides, if we read more books, fewer mistakes would be made by us because we have learnt many mistake examples from books. So reading can make a full man because it can make the man taste all the emotions about the world and have a true understanding about life.Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for abilities. But the general counsels, and the plots and marshaling of affairs, come best from those that are learned. Studies perfect nature, and is perfected by experience. There is no impediment in the wit but may be wrought out by fit studies. Studies can train shape a person’s character and make up a person’s deficiencies. Every defect of the mind may have a special receipt.Unit 4 17th-Century British PoetsJohn Donne—The Flea1.Why does thepoet say that “this is cannot besaid a sin, orshame, or loss ofmaidenhea d”?The womandoesn’t rejectthe flea entréeto her body, yetshe denies theadvancements ofthe speaker. Thespeaker showsthe similaritiesbetween theirlovemaking andthe mingling oftheir bloodwithin the flea.“It sucked mefirst, and nowsucks thee. Andin this flea ourtwo bloodsmingled be.”This argumentshows thewoman that thesame physicalexchange, whichtakes placebetween her anda flea, is thesame type ofunion that hehas in mind.Their act couldnot beconsidered a sinbecause a fleabite isn’tconsidered one.This act couldnot beconsidered a lossof innocencebecause it is socommon that ifit were to betrue, nearlyeveryone wouldhave lost his orher innocence.Therefore thislady should notbe troubledabout givingherself to himbefore theymarry, becausetheir only act isthe mixing oftheir blood.2.What do youthink is theaddressee’sparents’ attitudetoward the poet’swooing?Lines 14 and 15of stanza 2,“Though parentsgrudge, and you,we are met, andcloistered inthese living wallsof jet,” describeshow her parentsdo not acceptthat what hesays is marriage.Her parents areagainst such amarriage.3.What is the realpurpose of thepoet to say thatin killing the flea“thou” areactually killingthree lives?Three lives referto you, me andthe flea(implying ourbaby). Thespeaker arguesthat if she killsthe flea shewould becommittingmurder. Shewould kill thesymbolicmarriage realmand the baby. Inaddition to thosemurders, shewould be killingherself. Whenthe flea is killed,the speakerpurposefullyturns to anotherargument. Thekilling has doneno harm to them.Likewise, theirsecret union willdo no harm tothem. Theyshould not worryabout theirunion. Theirfears are false.John Donne—HolySonnet 101.Why does thepoet say thatdeath is the“slave to fate,chance, kingsand desperatemen”?Although manymay believedeath to bemighty anddreadful, hefeels this is notso. Donne seesdeath as beingdependent onmankind for itssurvival. Deathrelies on fate,unfortunatechances’occurrences, thelegislation ofkings, and theactions ofdesperate mento claim itsvictims. Thisdependence initself is aweakness, inthat death is notself-supporting,yet relies oncertain aspectsof the lives ofpeople.2.What does thepoet mean whenhe says “wewake eternally”after one shortsleep?The authorimplied aChristian ideathat after one’sdeath he mayhave eternity oflife, in this sense,there is no deathat all. Death isjust a shortmoment, whilethe joy afterdeath is eternal.John Milton—Paradise Lost1.Where are theserpent (“he” inline 51) and hisfollowerscondemned aftertheir defeat?They are drivenfrom Heaveninto hell.2.What are theGod’spunishments forthose rebelliousangles asdescribed byMilton in lines59-74?Satan looksaround and findshimself in ahorrible dungeon.There is a greatfurnace in thedungeon. Whatis burning issulfur, withflames, butwithout light.Through thevisible darkness,he can discoversights of woe,regions ofsorrow,mournful shades,where peace andrest can neverlive. Hope goeseverywhereexcept to thisplace. It is such aplace as EternalJustice hadprepared forthose rebels. It isfar away fromGod and light ofHeaven.3.What isconsidered bySatan as“ignominy” and“shame” (line115)?To bow and suefor grace withsuppliant knee,and deify hispower. To give into God, to falldown on one’sknees to beg formercysubmissively,worship God’spower, becomescared for God’sauthority andpower, loseconfidence.4.What is Satanadvising theserpent and hisfollowers to doin this part ofParadise Lost?He is defeated inthe battleagainst God, buthe does not loseheart. He will notbow down toGod. Instead, heis advising theserpent andfollowers to riseup again andfight anotherbattle.Unit 5 Adventure Fiction WritersDaniel DefoeDaniel Defoe——The Life and Strange Surprising Adventures of Robinson Crusoe1.Do you find thedescription ofCrusoe’s settingup the tentconvincing?Could you thinkof better waysto build ashelter in hissituation? Yes, I do. The description of Crusoe’s setting up the tent is convincing. Because when he set up the tent, he thought about the very realistic problem, such as the safety, sunshine, water, and so on. And it also used many details to describe the plain, using concrete numbers. So it is very convincing.Different situationhas different waysto build a shelter.But in his situation,I can’t think of anybetter ways, sincehe had thought ofevery aspect tobuild a shelter.2.What do youthink ofC rusoe’s way ofmarking time?Why is itimportant forhim to keeptrack of time?In my mind,Crusoe’s way ofmarking time isclever. Upon thesides of this squarepost he cut everyday a notch withhis knife, and everyseventh notch wasas long again as therest, and every firstday of the monthas long again asthat long one. Itwas very clear andwould not makemistakes.First, he wasentering into amelancholyrelation of a sceneof silent life.Second, he wantedto record what hehappened from itsbeginning, andcontinue it in itsorder. Third, hewas afraid offorgetting theSabbath days fromthe working days.So it is important tokeep track of time.3.From thisexcerpt, whatdo you findadmirable inRobinsonCrusoe?First, I think thatCrusoe is verytalented and calm.When he metdifficulties, hecould stay calm andtried to overcomeevery difficulty inorder. His cautionis also admirable.When building thetent, to take somany things intoconsideration ishard. Beingthankful is also oneof his goodqualities. Even hewas lonely andalone, he stillthanks what lifegives them. Thoseare what I admirehim a lot.Jonathan SwiftGulliver’s Travels1.In what ways areYahooscomparable tohuman beings inGulliver’s Travels?Comment on theHouyhnhnms’attitude towardhuman beings.a)Yahoos arenearly the sameas humanbeings inappearance,except where itis to our realdisadvantage inpoint ofstrength, speed,and activity, theshortness of ourclaws, and someotherparticularswhere naturehas no part;b)The disposition7 / 35of mutualhatred is sharedby both humanbeings andYahoos;c)Human beingsand Yahoos areboth easy tofind others’mistakes butnever thinkabout their ownfalsehood;d)They are bothgreedy andrapacious;e)They both likebattles, and ifthere is noforeignaggression, theywill make a civilwar. Thedifference isthat Yahoosmay fight for noreason, buthumans alwayshave excuses tohave conflicts; f)They both haveundistinguishingappetite todevoureverything thatcomes in theirway, and it ispeculiar in theirtemper thatthey are fonderof what theycan get byrapine or stealth,at a greaterdistance, thanmuch betterthings providedfor them athome;g)They are bothsubjected to anydiseases, whichare contractedby theirnastiness andgreediness, suchas diseasesproduced byrepletion;h)They both haveleaders, whoare alwayshated by itspeople.However,Yahoos alwaysfind the mostmischievousone as theleader, whilehumans havethe cleverestone;i)They both havethe appetite ofsex;j)They share theinclination ofnastiness anddirt;k)Yahoos andhuman beingsare both easy tobe anxious andfretful withoutreasons.Comment on theHouyhnhnms’attitude towardhuman beings:Since human beingshave so manysimilarities withYahoos, finally, theHouyhnhnms lookupon human beingsas a sort of animals.In my opinion, it’squite right andunderstandable. Theattitude is fair andobjective.2.What are thesymbolicmeanings ofYahoos andHouyhnhnms?Yahoos are thesymbol of creatures,especially humanbeings, who are fullof falsehood anddisguise, such asgreediness,selfishness,bellicosity, obscenity,sordidness, andirrationality.Houyhnhnmssymbolize those ofalmost all virtues andno vices. They arethe incarnation ofwisdom, rationality,truth and beauty.Unit 6 RomanticPoets (I)William BlakeThe Lamb1.Does this poemdescribe a lambor the mind ofthe child who isspeaking to thelamb? What isthe relation ofthe lamb andthe child to God?a)This poemdescribes themind of thechild who isspeaking to thelamb. The poetwrote the poemin the name of ahappy andinnocent child,praising thebeauty ofnature, theinnocence ofchildren and theharmony of thewhole world,revealing hisseek for a happyand harmoniouslife.8 / 35b)The lamb andthe child are thesame, bothbeing tender,kind and happy.In fact, in thepoem, the lamb,the child andGod areintegrated intoone. The poetnot only praisedthe goodness ofthe lamb andthe child, butalso expressedhis admirationfor the kind andsympatheticGod through thesymbol---lamb.2.What does theLamb stand for? The lamb stands for the beauty of nature, the innocence of children and the great, sympathetic God.The Tyger1.Why does thepoet mentionthe Lamb? Doyou think boththe Lamb andthe Tiger canilluminate eachother?The poet mentionsthe lamb to make acomparison of thetiger and the lamb.God not only createsthe lamb, whichrepresents innocenceand kindness butcannot bringprogress to thesociety, but alsomakes the tiger,which may be cruelbut is full of passion,power and creativity.The two kinds ofcreatures illuminateeach other and makeup each other. Bothare dispensable inour society.2.What is thesymbolicmeaning of thetiger? What ideadoes the poetwant to express?The tiger has twosymbolic meanings.One is the passion,power and creativityof man which pushthe society toadvance; the other isthe great andmysterious God whocreates both theinnocence and thepower in man.Through the use ofthe symbol---tiger,the poet praised thepower of man andexpressed hisadmiration for thegreatness andmystery of God.The Sick Rose1.In what sensedo you think therose is “sick”?The rose representslove. The rose is sickbecause this love is akind of “dark secretlove”, which isearthly and full ofthe desire. This kindof love has lost itspurity and beauty.2.Should there beany symbolicmeanings forthe night andthe storm? If so,what meaningswould yousuggest?The night and thestorm may symbolizethe complex in man’smind consisting ofdesire and impulse,which forces them tobe trapped in theearthly joy lovebrings, and whichdestroys the purityand innocence oflove.Robert BurnsA Red, Red Rose1. How does thenarrator in the poemexpress his love?The narrator usessimile, comparison,and symbolism toexpress his lovedirectly. At thebeginning, thenarrator compareshis love to a red, redrose, whichsymbolizes his lover’sbeauty and vitality.Then he compareshis love to a melody,which emphasize theperfectness of hislove. Furthermore,he expresses hisdeep love directly by9 / 35saying he will stilllove his dear till the seas go dry and till the rocks melt with the sun. Finally, he shows his determination that he will come back no matter how long is the journey after a temporary leave.2.Why is this poemso touching tothe readers? Although the theme is old, this poem seems extremely new. The repetition of my love, my dear has no sense of wordiness but makes his love more forceful. In the entire poem, the narrator expresses his love directly, without covering up feelings. His directness makes the readers feel his sincerity. Also, the metrical sense is very strong, full of rhymes, which makes the readers read fluently and happily. Auld Lang Syne1.What does “cupof kindness”imply?“Cup o’ kindness”implies that his oldfriends and he noware getting togetherand enjoying a greattime. And it alsoimplies that theyhave separated for along time, but theirfriendship has neverstopped.2.How do youknow thepeople in thepoem used tobe friends andare now oldBecause in the poem,“We twa hae runabout the braes. Andpu’d the gowansfine,” “We twa haepaidl’d I’ the burn,From morning sun tilldine;” thesesentences indicatesthat they used to befriends and had ahappy life when theywere young. “Butwe’ve wander’dmony a weary foot”,“But seas betweenus braid hae roar’d”,these two sentencesimply that they areold and have beenthrought a long lifejourney. “And surelyye’ll be your pint-stowp, And surely I’llbe mine;” thisimplies that they arevery familiar witheach other.William WordsworthI wandered Lonelyas a Cloud1.What is therelationbetween thepoet and natureas described inthe poem?The author uses themetaphor to puthimself to be afloating cloud in thesky viewing thosebeautiful flowersfrom the angle of acloud. The poemimplies that therelation between thepoet and nature isone of unity and thatthey can be one. Thepoet has becomenature itself in thepoem.2.Do you thinknature can havehealing effecton mind?My answer will beyes. The naturestimulates the mindof author and giveshim relaxing andsatisfactory feelings.Besides, man is partof the nature.Yes, I think so. Somepeople may thinkthat our nature hasbeen highly pollutedby our human beings.And it won’t haveany effects on us. ButI think nature musthave a lot of healingeffect on mind. Asthe development ofthe society, peoplemay meet more andmore difficulties, andit may lead to morestress. People wouldlike to spend sometime travelling to10 / 35。

英国文学试题及答案一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. 威廉·莎士比亚是英国文学史上的一位重要剧作家，他的作品包括以下哪些？A. 《哈姆雷特》B. 《悲惨世界》C. 《麦克白》D. 《罗密欧与朱丽叶》答案：A, C, D2. 以下哪位作家被认为是现代主义文学的先驱？A. 乔治·奥威尔B. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫C. 简·奥斯汀D. 托马斯·哈代答案：B3. 《傲慢与偏见》是哪位作家的作品？A. 简·奥斯汀B. 夏洛蒂·勃朗特C. 艾米莉·勃朗特D. 玛丽·雪莱答案：A4. 以下哪部作品是查尔斯·狄更斯的代表作之一？A. 《大卫·科波菲尔》B. 《简·爱》C. 《呼啸山庄》D. 《弗兰肯斯坦》答案：A5. 以下哪部作品被认为是英国文学中的“现代史诗”？A. 《荒原》B. 《尤利西斯》C. 《追忆似水年华》D. 《百年孤独》答案：A二、填空题（每空2分，共20分）6. 英国浪漫主义诗人威廉·华兹华斯在《_______》中表达了对自然的热爱。

答案：《抒情歌谣集》7. 《简·爱》的作者是_______，她通过这部小说探讨了女性独立和自尊的主题。

答案：夏洛蒂·勃朗特8. 乔治·奥威尔的《1984》描绘了一个_______的社会，其中“老大哥”是无所不在的统治者。

答案：极权主义9. 托马斯·哈代的《德伯家的苔丝》讲述了一个关于_______、爱情和社会道德的故事。

答案：命运10. 弗吉尼亚·伍尔夫的《到灯塔去》是一部_______小说，以其流意识的叙述技巧而著名。

答案：现代主义三、简答题（每题10分，共30分）11. 简述威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧创作特点。

答案：威廉·莎士比亚的戏剧创作特点包括深刻的人性探讨，丰富的人物性格，复杂的情节构造，以及对语言的精湛运用。