2015年首都师范大学翻译硕士英语翻译基础考研真题一．英译汉特色词（10个）
legal code
Hypertext
The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
mortgage loan,secured loan
historical materialism
buddhist scriptures
......
二．汉译英特色词（20个）
八国联军半封建社会
春运
大病统筹
大办宴席
澳门特别行政区基本法
文化主旋律
文化产业
三．篇章翻译：
英译汉（2篇）
汉译英（2篇）
翻译硕士词汇辨析1
ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim
ambiguous,obscure,vague,unclear,dim这一组形容词都有“模糊”的意思。ambiguous a.意义含糊的，有歧义的，指因字、词、句有歧义而使人感到模糊不清、难以理解和把握。
His ambiguous directions confused us;we did not know which of the two roads to take.他的模棱两可的指导使我们很迷惑以至于我们不知道该走哪条路了。
obscure a.用于表达因光线不足而使人看不清楚。该词的引申意义可以表示语法、文字、记忆等因复杂、深奥、模棱两可而使人看不懂和无法理解。
The poetry of Ezra Pound is sometimes difficult to understand because it contains so many obscure references.艾兹拉·庞德的诗有时候难以理解，因为诗歌中含有许多令人费解的典故。
vague a.含混的，不清楚的，多用于比喻意义，用来表示因逻辑关系不清、言辞笼统而导致的意义不清楚，该词也可表示轮廓形状的不清楚和模糊。
He has some vague ideas about what to do,but nothing specific.
他大概知道他要做什么，但没有具体的计划。
unclear a.指句意、字迹不清楚，使人难以看懂；不肯定的。
Unclear writing is difficult to understand.
模糊的字迹使人难以辨认。
It is unclear whether the economy will get better.
经济是否好转仍不明朗。
dim a.光线暗淡的，看不清的；记忆力模糊的；不大可能的。
Don't work in dim light.
不要在昏暗的光线下工作。
His changes of recovery from illness are dim.
他康复的可能性十分渺茫
allocate,separate,detach,divide
allocate,separate,detach,divide这一组动词都有“分开”的意思。
allocate v.分配，把……拨给。
The city government allocated money for schools and the police in this year's budget.市政府在今年的预算中给学校和警察部门分配了资金。
separate v.人为地分开，使隔离开。
We separated the salad forks from the dinner forks.
我们把沙拉叉与餐叉分隔开。
detach v.拆开组合的物体；远离，疏远。
We need a carpenter to detach this bookshelf from the wall.
我们需要一名木匠将书架从墙上拆下来。
divide v.指将整体分为若干个部分。
The huge corporation divided into smaller companies.
这家特大公司分成一些较小的公司。
You can divide this between you.
这个你们可以两人平分。
Divide the cake with your brother.
和你兄弟分吃这块饼。
Divide it in half.
把它分成两半。
alleviate,diminish,reduce,decrease,decline
alleviate,diminish,reduce,decrease,decline这一组动词都有“减少，减轻”的意思。alleviate v.在痛苦方面的减轻，缓和
The painkiller alleviated the pain.
止疼药减缓了疼痛。
diminish v.指因为不断消耗，在数量方面缓慢减少，也指在素质或者价值的下降。
The supply of oil has diminished because of the war.
由于战争石油的供应减少了。
reduce v.指人为地使某物在数量或重量方面的减少或降低。
He reduced the amount of money they could spend.
他缩减了他们的开销。
decrease v.指数量上的减少；力量或者强度的减弱。
The population decreased a lot last year.
去年人口数量急剧下降。
decline v.(数目、价格、比率)下降；谢绝，婉言推辞；衰退，衰落。Last year,the crime rate in Chicago has sharply declined.
去年芝加哥的犯罪率明显下降。
He declined our invitation to dinner.
他婉拒了我们请他吃饭的邀请。
alive,live,living,lively
alive,live,living,lively这一组形容词都跟“活”有关。
alive a.活着的，有活力的，常作表语，作定语时必须后置。
After the accident,he was barely alive.
交通事故后，他奄奄一息。
all man alive所有活着的人
live a.活的，有活力的，现场直播的，
We watched the live broadcast of the opera on TV.
我们通过电视观看了这部歌剧的实况。
living a.活着的，作定语可前可后，可修饰人也可修饰物。
Who is the world's greatest living artist?
谁是现在还健在的世界上最伟大的艺术家？
living room起居室
lively a.活泼的，栩栩如生的。
She is a lively young girl,always laughing and doing things.她是个活泼可爱的小姑娘，总是欢声笑语忙个不停。
alert,cautious,considerate
alert,cautious,considerate这一组形容词都表示“小心的，谨慎的”。
alert a.警惕的，留神的。
The hostess remained standing,alert to every guest's drinking need.
女主人一直站在旁边，时刻准备给大家斟酒。
cautious a.细心的，谨慎的。
He has a cautious attitude about spending money.
在花钱的问题上他态度谨慎。
considerate a.关心他人的，体贴的。
He is always considerate of others;he is kind and sympathetic.
他总是很体谅他人，并且慈祥而富有同情心。
Since not everybody is so considerate,do what you can to stay healthy.
鉴于不是每个人都这么体贴，你要做任何可以让自己保持健康的事情。
He expressed gratitude to the King for his warm reception and considerate arrangement.他对国王陛下的热情款待和周到安排表示衷心感谢。
You have a choice in how you behave towards others.You can be generous,considerate and caring to the people around you or you can be selfish,self centered and always put your own interests first.
你可以选择如何对待别人.你可以是慷慨的,周到的和关怀的对待你周围的人,也可以是自私的,自我为中心的,并且常常把自己的兴趣放在首位.
aggravate,reinforce,increase,strengthen,intensify
aggravate,reinforce,increase,strengthen,intensify这一组动词都有“加强”的意思。aggravate v.加重(负担、罪行、病情等)，使之恶化。
I hurt my foot,then aggravated it by trying to walk too soon.
我的脚受伤了，而过早的下地走路又加重了伤情。
reinforce v.增援，一般用于军队或警察的行动；(以添加材料等)加固。
A police officer saw three thieves robbing a bank and radioed to reinforce him.
一位警察看到三个盗贼抢劫银行，用无线电话要求增援。
increase v.指数量上的增加。
The number of people has been increased.
人数增加了。
strengthen v.加强，巩固，增强，相当于to become stronger。
Exercising every day strengthens the heart.
每天锻炼可以提高心脏的功能。
Competition,they believe,strengthens the national character rather than corrupt it.人们认为竞争加强了民族性而不是破坏了它。
intensify v.使变得更强烈、剧烈，加剧，相当于to become more intense or intensive。intensify colors
加深色彩
intensify hatred
加深仇恨
affirm,assert,allege,claim,announce,proclaim
affirm,assert,allege,claim,announce,proclaim这一组动词都有“声称”的意思。affirm v.坚信不疑地肯定或宣称，是deny的反义词。
He affirmed his love for her.
他发誓爱她。
assert v.指不管事实如何，主观自信地宣称，或者清楚有力地坚持某个情况为事实。
She asserted that she was innocent.
她宣称自己是无辜的。
allege v.在无真凭实据的情况下宣称、断定。
The suspect alleged that he had not been in the neighborhood at the time of the crime.嫌疑犯声称案发时他不在现场。
claim v.要求，声称，断言。多指根据某种规定提出的要求或主张。
They claim that if more people rode bicycles to go to work there would be fewer automobiles in the downtown section of the city.他们生成如果有更多的人骑自行车上班的话，闹市区的汽车就会有所减少。
announce v.宣布，宣告。多指首次当众正式宣布某一主张或态度，常常带有预告的意味。The invention of the printing press announced the diffusion of knowledge.
印刷术的发明宣告了知识普及时代的来临。
proclaim v.宣布；宣告(成立)。指经过深思熟虑后向大众宣布一个明确的决定或判断，尤其指重大事件的宣布，多用于官方场合。
The president proclaimed an emergency when the war came.
当战争来临的时候总统宣布进入紧急状态。
affiliate,link,attach,append
affiliate,link,attach,append这一组动词都有“附加”的意思。
affiliate v.加入，成为……一部分。
an affiliated middle school
一所附属中学
link v.将人或物连接起来。
The crowd linked arms to form a barrier.
群众臂挽着臂组成人墙。
attach v.将某物系在、贴在、附在另一物上。
I attached a note to my report with a paper clip.
我用别针将一张字条别在报告的后面。
append v.增加，附加(与attach的意思比较接近)。
The lawyer appended two more pages to the contract.
律师在合同后又附加了两页。
Then type up to1500characters to append to your forum posts,and click Update.最多可以输入1500个字符来附加到论坛帖子中，然后单击更新。
Then take the top10searches,create HTML for each search,and append them to an ordered list.
然后对于前10个搜索，为每个搜索创建HTML，并将它们附加到一个排好序的列表。Implementations generally append context to the application message at the source in order to establish the execution environment at the target.
实现一般会在源代码中将上下文附加在应用程序消息后面，以在目标处建立执行环境。
admit,confess,concede
admit,confess,concede这几个动词都有“承认”的意思。
admit v.指由于说服、再三追问而“承认”某一事实或过错。
I admit that you have a point.我承认你有理。
confess v.供认(罪行、过错等)，含有“坦白、招认”的意思。
He confessed his crimes to the judge.他向法官供认了他的罪行。
concede v.指曾想隐瞒或不愿意承认某一错误，但由于证据确凿而不得不勉强承认，还可以指“以退为进”的承认。
The man who caused the accident finally conceded to the police that he had done it.造成这次交通事故的人最终向警察承认他是肇事人。
In fact,why should we concede them at all?
实际上，我们为什么要让步呢？
The government might do better to concede this one.
政府这次可能要做出更大让步。
If we are serious about coexisting with other species,we have to concede them territory.
如果我们确实希望与其它物种共存，我们必须给予他们领土。
adjust,regulate,rectify,amend,convert,alter,modify,transform,vary
adjust,regulate,rectify,amend,convert,alter,modify,transform,vary这九个动词都含有“调整、改变”的意思。
adjust v.一般指很小的改变或技术性的调整；修理。
I adjusted the air conditioner to stay cool.我调节了空调以保持凉爽。
regulate v.指根据规定或需要对某物(机器、钟表等)进行调整或调节，
使之准确工作或运行；多含有“控制”之意。
Lights are used to regulate the traffic.红绿灯被用来管制交通。
rectify v.纠正，校正(错误、文章、合同等)。
He rectified the mistake in the contract by changing its wording.他通过改变措辞纠正了合同里的错误。
资料来源：育明考研考博官网https://www.doczj.com/doc/b71936728.html,
2015 Text 1 Paragraph 1 1、King Juan Carlos of Spain once insisted ?kings don`t abdicate, they die in their sleep.? But embarrassing scandals and the popularity of the republican left in the recent Euro-elections have forced him to eat his words and stand down. 西班牙国王胡安?卡洛斯曾说?国王不会退位，他们逝世于睡眠中?。但是最近几次欧洲大选中，丑闻盛行、共和党人大受欢迎迫使胡安?卡洛斯收回之前的言论，并被迫退位。 1.1 abdicate英/'?bd?ke?t/ 美/'?bd?ket/vt. 退位；放弃vi. 退位；放弃 1.2 scandal英/'sk?nd(?)l/ 美/'sk?ndl/n. 丑闻；流言蜚语；诽谤；公愤 2、So, does the Spanish crisis suggest that monarchy is seeing its last days? Does that mean the writing is on the wall for all European royals, with their magnificent uniforms and majestic lifestyle? 如此说来，西班牙的危机是否表明君主制已到穷途末路？是否意味着欧洲皇室以及他们锦衣玉食的生活走向末路已无可更改？ 2.1 monarchy英 /'m?n?k?/ 美/'mɑn?ki/n. 君主政体；君主国；君主政治 2.2 the writing is on the wall某事将失败的不祥预兆 2.3 royal英/'r???l/ 美/'r???l/n. 王室；王室成员adj. 皇家的；盛大的；女王的；高贵的；第一流的 2.4 magnificent英/m?g'n?f?s(?)nt/ 美/m?g'n?f?snt/adj. 高尚的；壮丽的；华丽的；宏伟的 2.5 majestic英 /m?'d?est?k/ 美/m?'d??st?k/adj. 庄严的；宏伟的 Paragraph 2 1、The Spanish case provides arguments both for and against monarchy. 西班牙的事例既提供了支持君主制的论据，也提供了反对君主制的论据。 2、When public opinion is particularly polarised, as it was following the end of the Franco regime, monarchs can rise above ?mere? politics and ?embody? a spirit of national unity.这时公众意见呈现出两极分化，弗 2.1 particularly英/p?'t?kj?l?l?/ 美/p?'t?kj?l?l?/adv. 特别地，独特地；详细地，具体地；明确地，细致地 2.2 polarise 英/’p??l?ra?z/ 美/’p?ul?raiz/vt. 极化（等于polarize）polarize英/'p?ul?raiz/ 美/'pol?'ra?z/vt. （使）极化；（使）偏振；（使）两极分化vi. 极化；偏振；两极分化 2.3 regime英 /re?'?i?m/ 美/re'?im/n. 政权，政体；社会制度；管理体制 2.4 monarch英 /'m?n?k/ 美/'mɑn?k/n. 君主，帝王；最高统治者 Paragraph 3 1、It is this apparent transcendence of politics that explains monarchs` continuing popularity polarized. 正是这次明显的超越对君主作为国家元首继续流行做出了解释。 1.1 transcendence英/tr?n'send?ns/ 美/tr?n'send?ns/n. 超越；卓越；超然存在 2、And also, the Middle East excepted, Europe is the most monarch-infested region in the world, with 10 kingdoms (not counting Vatican City and Andorra). 正因如此，除中东外，欧洲是世界上君主制最盛行的地区，有10位国王（梵蒂冈和安道尔不算在内）。 2.1 infested adj. 为患的，大批滋生的（常与with搭配）v. 害虫、野兽大批出没于( infest的过去式和过去分词)；遍布于 3、But unlike their absolutist counterparts in the Gulf and Asia, most royal families have survived because they allow voters to avoid the difficult search for a non-controversial but respected public figure. 但是，与海湾地区和亚洲的专制国家不同，欧洲皇室能够留存下来，是因为他们让选民免于苦心孤诣地寻找一个没有争议且受尊崇的公众人物。 3.1 absolutist英/'?bs?lu:tist/ 美/'?bs?lu:tist/n. 绝对论者；专制主义者 Paragraph 4 1、Even so, kings and queens undoubtedly have a downside. 即使如此，毋庸臵疑君主还是在衰落。 1.1 ownside英 /'da?nsa?d/ 美/'da?nsa?d/n. 负面，缺点；下降趋势；底侧adj. 底侧的 2、Symbolic of national unity as they claim to be, their very history—and sometimes the way they behave today – embodies outdated and indefensible privileges and inequalities. 即使他们声称自己是国家统一的象征，但他们的历史和今日的行为方式都代表着他们享有的特权和他们身上体现出的不公平已经过时，且站不住脚。
1990 年英译汉试题 People have wondered for a long time how their personalities，and behaviors are formed. It is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not，or why one is cooperative and another is competitive. Social scientists are，of course，extremely interested in these types of questions. (61)They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviors. There are no clear answers yet，but two distinct schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect，the two approaches are very different from each other. The controversy is often conveniently referred to as‖nature vs. nurture‖. (62)Those who support the ―nature‖side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors. (63)That our environment has little， if anything，to do with our abilities，characteristics and behavior is central to this theory. Taken to an extreme，this theory maintains that our behavior is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our instincts. Those who support the ―nurture‖ theory，that is，they advocate education，are often called behaviorists. They claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist，B.F. Skinner，sees humans as beings whose behavior is almost completely shaped by their surroundings. The behaviorists maintain that，like machines，humans respond to environmental stimuli as the basis of their behavior. Let us examine the different explanations about one human characteristic，intelligence， offered by the two theories. Supporters of the ―nature‖theory insist that we are born with a certain capacity for learning that is biologically determined. Needless to say，they don‘t believe that factors in the environment have much influence on what is basically a predetermined characteristic. On the other hand，behaviorists argue that our intelligence levels are the product of our experiences. (64)Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. The social and political implications of these two theories are profound. In the United States， blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some ―nature‖ proponents to conclude that blacks are biologically inferior to whites. (65)Behaviorists，in contrast， say that differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often deprived of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy. Most people think neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. 1991 年英译汉试题 The fact is that the energy crisis，which has suddenly been officially announced，has been with us for a long time now，and will be with us for an even longer time. Whether Arab oil flows freely or not，it is clear to everyone that world industry cannot be allowed to depend on so fragile a base. (71)The supply of oil can be shut off unexpectedly at any time，and in any case，the oil wells will all run dry in thirty years or so at the present rate of use. (72)New sources of energy must be found，and this will take time，but it is not likely to result in any situation that will ever restore that sense of cheap and plentiful energy we have had in the times past. For an indefinite period from here on，mankind is going to advance cautiously，and consider itself lucky that it can advance at all. To make the situation worse，there is as yet no sign that any slowing of the world‘s population is in sight. Although the birthrate has dropped in some nations，including the United States，the population of the world seems sure to pass six billion and perhaps even seven billion as the twenty-first century opens. (73)The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this，which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food. Taking all this into account，what might we reasonably estimate supermarkets to be like in the year2001? To begin with，the world food supply is going to become steadily tighter over the next thirty years—even here in the United States.By2001，the population of the United States will be at least two hundred fifty million and possibly two hundred seventy million，and the nation will find it difficult to expand food production to fill the additional mouths. (74)This will be particularly true since energy pinch will make it difficult to continue agriculture in the high energy American fashion that makes it possible to combine few farmers with high yields. It seems almost certain that by2001the United States will no longer be a great food exporting nation and that，if necessity forces exports，it will be at the price of belt tightening at home. In fact，as food items will end to decline in quality and decrease in variety，there is very likely to be increasing use of flavouring additives. (75)Until such time as mankind has the sense to lower its population
Within the span of a hundred years, in the seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, a tide of emigration—one of the great folk wanderings of history—swept from Europe to America. 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. Of necessity, colonial America was a projection of Europe. Across the Atlantic came successive groups of Englishmen, Frenchmen, Germans, Scots, Irishmen, Dutchmen, Swedes, and many others who attempted to transplant their habits and traditions to the new world. 48) But, the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the varied national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. These changes were gradual and at first scarcely visible. But the result was a new social pattern which, although it resembled European society in many ways, had a character that was distinctly American. 49) The first shiploads of immigrants bound for the territory which is now the United States crossed the Atlantic more than a hundred years after the 15th- and 16th-century explorations of North America. In the meantime, thriving Spanish colonies had been established in Mexico, the West Indies, and South America. These travelers to North America came in small, unmercifully overcrowded craft. During their six- to twelve-week voyage, they subsisted on barely enough food allotted to them. Many of the ship were lost in storms, many passengers died of disease, and infants rarely survived the journey. Sometimes storms blew the vessels far off their course, and often calm brought unbearably long delay. “To the anxious travelers the sight of the American shore brou ght almost inexpressible relief.” said one recorder of events, “The air at twelve leagues’ distance smelt as sweet as a new-blown garden.” The colonists’ first glimpse of the new land was a sight of dense woods. 50) The virgin forest with its richness and variety of trees was a veritable real treasure-house which extended from Maine all the way down to Georgia. Here was abundant fuel and lumber. Here was the raw material of houses and furniture, ships and potash, dyes and naval stores. 思路： 1.大致介绍文章主要内容 2. 逐段介绍每段的主要内容→分析句子结构→指出翻译时需要注意的点→试译→整理译文→总结翻译技巧和需掌握的单词
历年考研英语翻译真题及答案解析38 英译汉：考查考生理解所给英语语言材料并将其译成汉语的能力。要求译文准确、完整、通顺。 2014年考研英语二翻译真题及答案解析 Directions: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points) Most people would define optimism as endlessly happ y, with a glass that’s perpetually half fall. But that’s exactly the kind of false deerfulness that positive psychologists wouldn’t recommend. “Healthy optimists means being in touch with reality.” says Tal Ben-Shahar, a Harvard professor, According to Ben- Shalar,realistic optimists are these who make the best of things that happen, but not those who believe everything happens for the best. Ben-Shalar uses three optimistic exercisers. When he feels down-sag, after giving a bad lecture-he grants himself permission to be human. He reminds himself that mot every lecture can be a Nobel winner; some will be less effective than others. Next is reconstruction, He analyzes the weak lecture, leaning lessons, for the future about what works and wh at doesn’t. Final ly, there is perspective, which involves acknowledging that in the ground scheme of life, one lecture really doesn’t matter. 翻译 大多数人愿意把乐观定义为无尽的欢乐，就像一只总是装着半杯水的杯子。但那是一种绝不会为积极心理学家所推荐的虚假快乐。哈佛大学的Tal Ben-Shahar教授说，“健康的乐观主义，意味着要处于现实之中。”在Ben-Shahar看来，现实的乐观主义者，会尽最大努力做好一件事，而不是相信每件事都会有最好的结果。 Ben-Shahar 会进行三种乐观方面的练习。比如说，当他进行了一次糟糕的演讲，感到心情郁闷的时候，他会告诉自己这是人之常情。他会提醒自己：并不是每一
常用翻译技巧总结 翻译题里考察三方面内容： 1、专有名词(如operational research expert)、习惯用法(如depend on)及多义词的翻译(如school、set的多义) 2、一般性翻译技巧:包括词义选择，词序调整，词性转换和增词法等等 3、具体句型(定从、状从、主从、宾从、表从、同位从、强调结构、并列、比较、倒装、插入、被动、否定等) 其中2、3是大考点，具体内容可在论坛下XDF的翻译笔记来看，在此不赘述。 可看出，应对翻译题的主要武器是翻译技巧，下面正式进入正题(常用方法、被动语态译法、形容词译法、举例详解) 一、常用方法 二、 英汉两种语言在句法、词汇、修辞等方面均存在着很大的差异，因此在进行英汉互译时必然会遇到很多困难，需要有一定的翻译技巧作指导。常用的翻译技巧有增译法、省译法、转换法、拆句法、合并法、正译法、反译法、倒置法、包孕法、插入法、重组法和综合法等。这些技巧不但可以运用于笔译之中，也可以运用于口译过程中，而且应该用得更加熟练。 1增译法：指根据英汉两种语言不同的思维方式、语言习惯和表达方式，在翻译时增添一些词、短句或句子，以便更准确地表达出原文所包含的意义。这种方式多半用在汉译英里。汉语无主句较多，而英语句子一般都要有主语，所以在翻译汉语无主句的时候，除了少数可用英语无主句、被动语态或“There be…”结构来翻译以外，一般都要根据语境补出主语，使句子完整。英汉两种语言在名词、代词、连词、介词和冠词的使用方法上也存在很大差别。英语中代词使用频率较高，凡说到人的器官和归某人所有的或与某人有关的事物时，必须在前面加上物主代词。因此，在汉译英时需要增补物主代词，而在英译汉时又需要根据情况适当地删减。英语词与词、词组与词组以及句子与句子的逻辑关系一般用连词来表示，而汉语则往往通过上下文和语序来表示这种关系。因此，在汉译英时常常需要增补连词。英语句子离不开介词和冠词。另外，在翻译时还要注意增补一些原文中暗含而没有明言的词语和一些概括性、注释性的词语，以确保译文意思的完整。总之，通过增译，一是保证译文语法结构的完整，二是保证译文意思的明确。如： (1) What about calling him right away? 马上给他打个电话，你觉得如何？(增译主语和谓语) (2) If only I could see the realization of the four modernizations. 要是我能看到四个现代化实现该有多好啊！(增译主句) (3) Indeed, the reverse is true 实际情况恰好相反。(增译名词) (4)就是法西斯国家本国的人民也被剥夺了人权。 Even the people in the fascist countries were stripped of their human rights.(增译物主代词) (5)只许州官放火，不许百姓点灯。 While the magistrates were free to burn down house, the common people were forbidden to light
2015考研英语二翻译真题解析 英语二的翻译一直应该是考生应该得分的题目，今年的题目总体来说与去年相当，甚至略微简单，文章来自心理学网站https://www.doczj.com/doc/b71936728.html,。节选标题为“The Well-Travelled Road Effect: Why Familiar Routes Fly By”的一篇文章，经过命题人改编，共156个词，有8句话，符合英语二翻译模式与难度。所以文章长度基本保持不变，内容涉及领域为心理学，共三段，长短句相间，短句较多，涉及知识点有表语从句、宾语从句、原因状语从句、时间状语从句。但是都较为简单。考生只要在考前进行过一定数量的段落练习。相信翻译是考生争取拿分的题目。 继去年一篇积极心理学的文章后，今年又出了一篇心理方面的文章，但是专业程度不强，所以对学生来说还是很容易接受的。 首先文章中阐释的一种心理现象是“well-travelled road effect”是考生们不熟悉的一个词语，但是通过全文阅读会发现，这是人们生活中一种常见的现象，所以考生可以自己进行总结，而且这个中心词中没有出现生词，所以对于考生来说还是比较简单的。 其它稍微可能有难度的词语为commute：通勤;perceive：察觉;well-travelled road effect： 熟悉路线效应;underestimate：低估;route：道路;allocate：分配，掌握了这些词汇，应该就没有大问题了。 下面来分析其中稍微有难度的句子。 Whichever it is, you know every twist and turn like the back of your hand. 【解析】首先“twist and turn”的意思是迂回曲折，具体到路上表示的就是指道路的拐弯、曲折。其次“know sth like the back of your hand”的英文释义为： to have very good and detailed knowledge of something，即对某件事情非常了解、了如指掌。 【翻译】不管是哪一条路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。 文中包括一个以上从句的句子有The consequence is that you perceive that the trip has taken less time than it actually has.这是由一个表语从句和宾语从句组成的复合句，但是都可以直接按顺序翻译，所以不涉及翻译技巧。 其他句子较简单，在此不做详解，下附全文翻译： 设想一下，你正开车行驶在一条非常熟悉的路线上。可能是你每天上下班、去城里、或是回家的路。不管是哪一条路，你对每一个拐每一个弯都了如指掌，非常熟悉。在这样的路途中，我们容易在开车的时候心不在焉，对途中的景色也几乎是全然不顾。如此一来，你会觉得路上所花的时间比实际要少。 这就是“熟悉路线效应”：人们往往会低估行驶在熟悉的路上所花费的时间。 这一效应由我们分配精力的方式引起。当行驶在熟悉的路上时，由于我们不用太过集中精力，时间似乎飞逝而过。 随后，我们回想行车过程时，由于我们没有过多关注，所以对行车的印象也很模糊。因
2012年考研英语翻译真题及答案 Part C Directions: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points) Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work. (1)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see. It is beco mi ng less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal. This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (2)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering
2015年考研英语一翻译真题解析 一、来源：今年的文章来源于An outline of American history(1954)(《美国历史纲要(1954年英文版)》)，是其中一章The Colonial Period(殖民时期)的节选。这个符合历年来翻译的考查规律，往往都是从书籍中节选段落进行翻译，内容相对于阅读而言，相对于2014年“贝多芬”而言，有些难懂。 二、难度：5句话共151词，相当平稳。其中48题最长，35词;50题最简单，24词。可以说，不同基础的同学都可以从中找到自己熟悉的部分，不至于在这个题上一分未得。 三、句型特点：今年的5句话中，有2句(46，48)是简单句，另外3句(47，49，50)是复合句。其中的复合句无一例外都考查的是定语从句的翻译，并没有涉及到其他从句类型。简单句中考查最多的也是后置定语的翻译。所以，中公考研考前为大家预测的难点中，定语的翻译是绝对考点和重点。 四、逐题详解： 46) This movement, driven by powerful and diverse motivations, built a nation out of a wilderness and, by its nature, shaped the character and destiny of an uncharted continent. 重点词组：out of a wilderness(摆脱荒凉)，by its nature(就其本质而言，从本质来说)，uncharted(未知的;图上未标明的)。 结构分析：整个句子是一个简单句，由and并列谓语动词built和shaped。driven by powerful and diverse motivations是后置定语，修饰movement;out of a wilderness是后置定语，修饰nation;of an uncharted continent是后置定语，修饰character and destiny。 参考译文：这项运动，由多种强大的动机驱动，建立了一个摆脱荒凉的国家，并且从本质上来讲，塑造了一块不为人熟悉的大陆的性格和命运。 47) The United States is the product of two principal forces—the immigration of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics and the impact of a new country which modified these traits. 重点词组：product(产物)，principal(主要的;首要的)，peoples(民族)，impact(影响) 结构分析：句子的主干是The United States is the product of two principal forces，破折号解释说明forces。of European peoples with their varied ideas, customs, and national characteristics是后置定语，修饰immigration;of a new country which modified these traits是后置定语，修饰impact，其中包含一个定语从句which modified these traits，修饰country。 参考译文：美国是两股主要力量的产物——带有不同思想、风俗习惯和国家特征的欧洲民族的移民，和修改这些特征的新兴国家的影响。 48) But the force of geographic conditions peculiar to America, the interplay of the carried national groups upon one another, and the sheer difficulty of maintaining old-world ways in a raw, new continent caused significant changes. 重点词组：peculiar(特有的，独特的)，interplay(互相影响)，sheer(独特的) 结构分析：整个句子是简单句，主语由三个名词短语用and并列承担，谓宾部分比较短小caused significant changes。主语1中，of geographic conditions peculiar to America是后置
考研英语翻译模拟试题及答案解析 (1)Any discussion of the American educational system would be less than complete if it did not mention the emphasis that many colleges and universities place upon the nonacademic, social,“extracurricular”aspect of education, often defined as personal growth. Perhaps a useful way of viewing the notion of personal growth would be to picture the very large and general term“education” as being all-embracing, including as subsets within it academic and nonacademic components. This may be one of the most difficult concepts to convey to someone who is not intimately familiar with American higher education. Few educational systems in other countries place the same emphasis on this blend of academic and personal education. The majority of colleges and universities in the United States make some attempt to integrate personal and intellectual growth in the undergraduate years. (2) If the ultimate goal of undergraduate education in America were simply to convey a set body of knowledge, the term of studies could undoubtedly be reduced. Yet the terms of studies are extended in order to give students a chance to grow and develop in other ways. Numerous opportunities are made available to students to become involved in sports, student government, musical and dramatic organizations, and countless other organized and individual activities designed to enhance one’s personal growth and provide some recreation