浅谈英语构词法（转）
掌握英语构词法是高中学生应该具备的一项基本技能。它对于帮助学生扩大词汇量，准确地推测文章中词汇的含义具有非常重要的意义。现就英语中常见的三种构词法加以总结说明。
一 . 转化：指由一种词性转化为另一种词性的构词形式。
1. 名词转化为动词：
book （n 书— v 预定）；seat （n 座位— v 使就位；落座）；water （n 水— v 浇水）；shoulder （n 肩膀— v 负责任）
2. 动词转化为名词：
try （v 尝试— n 尝试）；look （v 看— n 表情）；swim （v 游泳— n 游泳）；dream （v 做梦— n 梦）
3. 形容词转化为动词：
dirty （adj 脏的— v 弄脏）；slow （adj 慢的— v 放慢；减慢）；right （adj 正确的— v 纠正）；dry （adj 干的— v 变干）；free （adj 自由的— v 解放；使自由）；wrong （adj 错误的— v 弄错；受委屈）
4. 形容词转化为名词：
dear （adj 昂贵的— n 喜欢的人/ 物）；quiet （adj 寂静的— n 寂静）；total （adj 全部的—n 总数）
5. 其它词类的转化情况：
Our classroom faces south. （south：n 南方；南面— adv 向南；朝南）
6. 当英语词汇转化时，转化后的词的读音常有变化。
二 . 合成：指由两个或两个以上本身有独立含义的词合在一起组成一个有具体意义的新词的构词形式。
1. 合成形容词的常见构词形式：
⑴数词+ 名词
a five - year plan （五年计划）；first-class products （一级品）；second-hand goods （二手货）；a four-word （四字成语）
⑵数词+ 名词+ed
a three - legged bench （三条腿的登子）；a one - eyed camel （一只眼的骆驼）
⑶数词+ 名词+ 形容词
a 20-year-old lady （一位20 岁的女士）；a 1，000-metre-long bridge （一座1000 米长的桥）
⑷名词+ 现在分词
peace-loving （热爱和平的）；meat-eating （食肉的）；English-speaking （说英语的）；history-making （创造历史的）
⑸名词+ 过去分词
heart-broken （伤心的）；man-made （人造的）；state-owned （国有的）；water-covered （被水覆盖的）
⑹形容词+ 名词+ed
absent-minded （漫不经心的）；blue-eyed （蓝眼睛的）；good-tempered （好脾气的）；kind-hearted （和善的）
⑺形容词+ 现在分词
bad-looking （相貌丑陋的）；fine-sounding （动听的）；easy-going （容易相处的）
⑻形容词+ 名词
short-term （短期的）；part-time （兼职的）；high-class （高级的）；large-scale （大规模的）
⑼副词+ 现在分词
hard-working （努力工作的）；far-reaching （深远的）；ever-lasting （永恒的）
⑽副词+ 过去分词
well-developed （高度发达的）；well-known （著名的）；well-trained （训练有素的）
⑾其他构词形式的合成形容词
all-round （全面的）；face-to-face （面对面的）；thank-you （感谢的）；out-of-date （过时的）
2. 合成名词的常见构成形式：
①名词+ 名词
silkworm （蚕）；footprint （脚印）；newspaper （报纸）；glasshouse （温室）；bedroom （卧室）
②名词+ 动名词
handwriting （书法）；sun-bathing （日光浴）；sight-seeing （观光）
③形容词+ 名词
shorthand （速记）；hotline （热线）；blackboard （黑板）
④动名词+ 名词
waiting-room （候车室）；sleeping-pill （安眠药）；writing-desk （写字台）；reading-room （阅览室）
⑤动词+ 名词
pickpocket （扒手）；post office （邮局）；playground （操场）；break-water （防波堤）
⑥动词+ 副词
get-together （联欢会）；break-through （突破）；take-off （起飞）；lookout （岗哨）
⑦副词+ 动词
downfall （垮台）；overthrow （推翻）；outbreak （爆发）；income （收入；所得）
⑧其他构成形式的合成名词
well-being （福利）；good-for-nothing （无用之人）；by-product （副产品）；touch-me-not （含羞草）；self-improvement （自我完善）；self-criticism （自我批评）
注意：合成词如果出现复数形式时通常在其后加-s 或-es ，如by-products，reading-rooms，但应特别注意：passers-by，lookers-on 等词语是在其表达该词中心含义的词上加-s 或-es .
3. 合成动词及其他合成词类：
overthrow （推翻）；sleep-walk （梦游）；undergo （经历）；everything （一切）；furthermore （而且）；forever （永远）；maybe （也许）
三 . 派生：指由一个词根加上前缀和（或）后缀构成另一个词的构词形式。
1. 前缀：一般而言，前缀只改变词的含意，并不改变词的词性，有些前缀如en- ，under- 等却使原词改变了词性，如force （n 力量）— enforce （v 加强）；rich （adj 富有）— enrich （v 使富裕）；line （n 线）— underline （v 在……之下画线）。
①表示否定意义的前缀，往往使原词变成它的反义词。
前缀含义词根派生词
dis- 不like （喜欢）dislike （不喜欢）
un- 不fair （公平）unfair （不公平）
il- 不；无legal （合法的）illegal （非法的）
in- 不；非correct （正确的）incorrect （不正确的）
im- 非possible （可能的）impossible （不可能的）
ir- 不；非regular （规则的）irregular （不规则的）
non- 无；非smoker （烟民）non-smoker （不吸烟者）
en- 使courage （勇气）encourage （鼓励）
fore- 前；预先head （头）forehead （前额）
inter- 在……之间national （国家的）international （国际的）
kilo- 千meter （米）kilometer （千米）
micro- 微量的；微小的computer （计算机）microcomputer （微机）
mid- 在…中间autumn （秋天）mid-autumn （中秋）
mis- 错误地understand （理解）misunderstand （误解）
over- 在…上，过分；超过head （头）overhead （在头顶上的）
re- 再；重；又build （修建）rebuild （重建）
seimi- 半circle （圆）semicircle （半圆）
2. 后缀：通常情况下，后缀不但改变词，还改变词性，常见的后缀有动词后缀、副词后缀、形容词后缀和名词后缀。
①动词后缀：
后缀含义词根派生词
-en 变得…wide （宽的）widen （加宽；变宽）
-ify 使…beauty （美）beautify （使漂亮）
-ize/ise 使…real（的）realize （实现）
②副词后缀：
后缀含义词根派生词
-ly 在…状态中happy （高兴；幸福）happily （高兴地；幸福地）
-ward 朝…方向/地方back （后）backward （向后；朝后）
③形容词后缀：
后缀含义词根派生词
-able/-ible 可…的；能…的comfort （舒服）comfortable （舒适的）
-al/-ial 属于…的；有…特点practice （练习）practical （实际的；可行的）
-ed 有…特性的interest （兴趣）interested （感兴趣的）
-ful 充满…的harm （伤害；损伤）harmful （有害的；致伤的）
-ish 有…属性的self （自己）selfish （自私的）
-ive 有…倾向的create （创造）creative （创造性的）
④名词后缀：
后缀含义词根派生词
-ance/-ence 指行为、状态perform （表演）performance （演出；表演）
-dom 指性质、状态free （自由的）freedom （自由）
-er/or 指人的身份work （工作）worker （工人）
-ess 指人的身份host （招待；主持）hostess （女主人）
-ese 表示国籍China （中国）Chinese （中国人）
-ian 指人的身份music （音乐）musician （音乐家）
-ism 与主义有关的social （社会的）socialism （社会主义）
名词后缀
1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物：worker, debtor
2)-acy, 表示\"性质，状态，境遇\" democracy, accuracy, diplomacy
3)-ance, -ence表示\"性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度” importance, diligence, difference, obedience
4)-ancy, -ency, 表示\"性质，状态，行为，过程\" frequency, urgency, efficiency,
5)-bility, 表示\"动作，性质，状态\" possibility, flexibility, feasibility,
6)-dom, 表示\"等级，领域，状态\" freedom, kingdom, wisdom
7)-hood, 表示\"资格，身份, 年纪，状态\" childhood, manhood, falsehood
8)-ion, -sion, -tion, -ation, -ition, 表示\"行为的过程，结果，状况\" action, solution, conclusion, destruction, expression, correction
9)-ism, 表示\"制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为\" socialism, criticism, colloquialism, heroism
10)-ity, 表示\"性质，状态，程度” purity, reality, ability, calamity
11)-ment, 表示\"行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment, movement, judgment, punishment, argument
12)-ness, 表示\"性质，状态，程度\" goodness, kindness, tiredness, friendliness
13)-ship, 表示\"情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业” hardship, membership, friendship
14)-th, 表示\"动作，性质，过程，状态\" depth, wealth, truth, length, growth
15)-tude, 表示\"性质，状态，程度\" latitude, altitude(海拔)
16)-ure, 表示\"行为，结果\" exposure, pressure, failure, procedure(手续)，
17-grapy, 表示\"……学，写法” biography, calligraphy, geography
18)-ic, ics, 表示\"……学……法\" logic, mechanics, electronics, linguistics
19)-ology, 表示\"……学……论”b iology, zoology, technology(工艺学)
20)-nomy, 表示\"……学……术\" astronomy, economy, bionomy(生态学)
2. 形容词后缀
(1)带有“属性，倾向，相关”的含义
1)-able, -ible, visible, flexible
2)名词-ish, foolish, bookish, selfish(注意accomplish, vanish)
3)-ive, active, sensitive, productive
4)-like, manlike, childlike
5)名词-ly, manly, fatherly, scholarly, motherly
6)-some, troublesome, handsome
7)-ful, beautiful, wonderful, helpful, truthful
8)-ous, dangerous, generous, courageous, various
9)-ent, violent
10)-most, foremost, topmost
11)less, 表示否定，countless, stainless, wireless
3. 动词后缀
1)-ize, ise, 表示\"做成，变成，……化“modernize, mechanize, democratize, organize
2)-en, 表示\"使成为，引起，使有” quicken, weaken, soften, harden
3)-fy, 表示\"使……化, 使成”beautify, purify, intensify, signify, simplify
4)-ish, 表示\"使，令” finish, abolish, diminish, establish
5)-ate, 表示“成为……，处理，作用” separate, operate, indicate
4. 副词后缀
(形容词)-ly：bad→badly坏地/恶劣地，careful→carefully小心地
-wise(OE)：clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地 -wards：out→out wards向外面地，north→northwards向北方地
上海牛津版7A词性转换专项复习（三） （一） 1. Paris is a modern and_______ (nation) city. 2. When I was walking on the street, I found a_______ (home) dog. 3. A lot of_______ (America) come to China each year. 4. _______ (Mixture) the flour, milk and sugar together. 5. The scones come from_______. (English). Keys:1. international 2. homeless 3. Americans 4. Mix 5. England （二） 5. All of us hope (see) you again. Keys:1. to buy 2. are leaving/are going to leave 3. will have 4. sold 5. to see （三） 1. I think we should_______ (bakery) it for 20 minutes. 2. Hello, this is Kelly_______ (speak). 3. — What do I need to buy? — Let's make a_______ (shop) list. 4. Are you_______ (freedom) this Sunday afternoon?
5. _______ (final), wait for the cake to cool and eat it. Keys:1. bake 2. speaking 3. shopping 4. free 5. Finally （四） 1. I'm looking forward_______ (visit) you soon. 2. He would rather_______ (have) some tea instead of soft drinks. 3. What ingredients do we need_______ (buy) to make a chocolate cake? 4. We_______ (plan) to have a party for Kitty now. 5. Let's_______ (spread) the icing on top of the cake. Keys: 1. to visiting 2. have 3. to buy 4. are planning 5. spread （五） 1. I'm looking forward(visit) you soon. 2. He would rather__________________ (have) some tea instead of soft drinks. 3. What ingredients do we need_______________ (buy) to make a chocolate cake? 4. We _________________ (plan) to have a party for Kitty now. 5. Let's___________________ (spread) the icing on top of the cake. 6. Alice prefers to do some___________. (shop) 7. Mary is my ___________ sister and she is 2 years ___________ than I. (old) 8. Excuse me, what is the ____________ of this word? (mean) Keys:1. to visiting 2. have 3. to buy 4. are planning 5. spread 6. shopping 7.elder…older 8. meaning （六） 1. ___________ read and green together and they will become yellow. (mixture )
人教部编版初中英语中考词性转换归纳总结 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve --- achievement 成就 advertise --- advertisement 广告 agree --- agreement 同意 apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue --- argument 争吵 commit --- commitment 奉献 compliment 称赞，恭维 develop --- development 发展 disgree --- disagreement 不赞同 department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备--- equipment 装备，器材 govern 统治--- government 政府 manage---management 经营管理 2．V+ tion 结尾 admit --- admission 承认
attract --- attraction 吸引 conclude --- conclusion 结论compete --- competition 竞争，比赛discuss --- discussion 讨论 educate --- education 教育 decide --- decision 决定 describe --- description描写，描绘express ----expression 词语；表达graduate --- graduation 毕业 operate --- operation 操作，动手术organize ---organization imagine --- imagination 想象力introduce ---introduction 介绍 instruct --- instruction 指导，介绍invent--- inventor / invention 发明illustrate --- illustration 阐明，举例说明invite --- invitation 邀请 inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的pollute --- pollution 污染 predict ---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve --- resolution 决心
高中英语语法通霸 第一讲相关概念 考点1，词性的英文缩写 在英语学习中，掌握单词词性非常重要。如果我们在记单词时只记拼写、读音而不记词性的话，我们就不知道如何使用它们，所以我们在记单词时一定要把单词词性记准记牢。 缩写字母原词代表词性 n. noun 名词 v. verb 动词 vt. transitive verb 及物动词 vi. intransitive verb 不及物动词 modal v modal verb 情态动词 au. v auxiliary verb 助动词 adj. adjective 形容词 adv. adverb 副词 num. numeral 数词 Interj. Interjection 感叹词 pron pronoun 代词 prep preposition 介词 art. article 冠词 conj. conjunction 连词 考点2．及物动词和不及物动词 实义动词后面跟宾语时，这个动词是及物动词。实义动词后而不跟宾语时，此时这个动词是不及物动词 The door opened.（open后面没跟宾语，此时pen是不及物动词，） He opened the door.（open后面有宾语 the door，此时open是及物动词，） 注意：英语中一个动词是及物动词还是不及物动词，关健是看它用在句中时后面是否跟宾语。 A The meeting began at six．（ begin是不及物动词，） We began the meeting at six．（ begin是及物动词，） B The man walked away（walk是不及物动词，意为“走”） He walked the dog every day．（walk是及物动词，“遛”。）
词缀变化归纳 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise---advertisement//advertising agree—(in )agreement apartment 公寓 amuse-amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵 commit奉献—commitment compliment 称赞，恭维 develop---development disagree—disagreement department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理announce—announcement 宣布require-requirement encourage-encouragement excite-excitement move—movement agree-agreement improve-improvement 2．V+ tion 结尾 attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition 竞争，比赛discuss—discussion 讨论 educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘express 表达----expression 词语；表达方式 graduate 毕业—graduation operate 操作，动手术—operation organize----organization instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞- pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心 permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 realize-realization relax-relaxation create-creation produce-production exhibit-exhibition translate-translation imagine-imagination consider-consideration appreciate-appreciation donate-donation attract-attraction collect-collection collector add-addition act-action explain-explanation 3.sion结尾 decide-decision discuss-discussion permit-permission include-inclusion 4.ty结尾 able-ability difficult-difficulty real-reality beautiful-beauty possible-possibility safe-safety popular-popularity honest-honesty tour-touristy(游客众多的) act-activity similar-similarity 5.ce结尾 choose-choice different-difference important-importance patient-patience silent-silence serve-service convenient-convenience prefer-preference confident-confidence 6.th结尾 deep-depth healthy-health young-youth true-truth dead-death southern-south northern-north 7．V+ ance 结尾 appear—appearance 外貌，出现 perform----performance 演出 8．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局 train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义 say-----saying 谚语 read-reading feel-feeling write-writing begin-beginning build-building meet-meeting greet-greeting 9．V+ 其他 behave 行为，举止----behavior know 知道---knowledge 知识 fly—flight 飞行 heat 加热---heat 热量 hit 撞击------hit 轰动一时的人或 物，碰撞 mix 混合-----mixture 混合物 press 按，压—pressure 压力 sit-----seat 座位 succeed-- success tour 在-----旅游，在-----作巡回演出 直接+地点 tour China ---tour 旅游/ tourist 游客 free-freedom king-kingdom careful-care hungry-hunger dangerous-danger lucky-luck high-height angry-anger noisy-noise please-pleasure arrive-arrival speak-speech friend-friendship child-childhood neighbor-neighborhood village-villager science-scientist national-nationality fail-failure 10.er结尾 foreign-foreigner lead-leader report-reporter thrill-thriller win-winner village-villager learn-learner paint-painter design-designer own-owner listen-listener compete-competitor photograph-photographer smoke-smoker visit-visitor write-writer drive-driver teach-teacher collect-collector kill-killer
初三英语强化复习试题精选---词性转换专项练习（4） 1.Celine Dion is a famous ___________(sing) 2.It rained __________ last night.(heavy) 3.I went to bed after I finished ________(do) my homework . 4.Who will teach _______(we) chemistry? I think Mrs. Yang will. 5.I met a friend of __________(I ) on my way to school. 6.Today is Thursday. It is the _______(five) day of the week. 7.What bad weather! It’s ___________ (cloud) again. 8.— How many times do you brush your ___________ (tooth) every day, Beibei? — Twice. 9.There are too many new words in the ___________ (eleven) lesson in Book Ⅳ. It’s difficult to remember all of them. 10.My brother runs very ___________ (fast), though he is fat. 11.Most people usually do some ___________ (shop) at weekends. 12.John and his sister went for a picnic with a cousin of__________ (their). 13.Father’s Day is the _________ (three) Sunday of June. 14.“________ (open) your books and turn to Page 5, please.” the teacher said. 15.— Hi! Why were you late for school?—Oh, it was my _______ (luck) day. My bike broke down half way to school. 16.I am a new _______ (come). Let me introduce myself to you. 17.I’m sorry that I have missed all the ________ (lesson) this morning. 18.The wife told her husband _________ (drive) too fast. 19.Celine Dion sings so _____________ (beautiful) that many people like her. 20.Fire is the __________ (dangerous) to forests. 21.— How long can I stay in your house?—As ________ (longer) as you like while you are in Shanghai. 22.Who are the ______(write) of the dictionary? 23.Most people who live in those ________(develop) countries are quite poor. 24.My mother has just had her ______(fifty) birthday. 25.Xiao Ming won the first prize in our city maths competition, so he is the ______ (proud) of our school. 26.Mary did ______(badly) in the exam than Jack. 27.Did Wei Ming jump _____ than any other boy in the sports meeting? (far) 28.The radio says it will be _____ this afternoon. (fog) 29.Many college students have decided to work in the _____ part of China.(west) 30.I have two _____ in my pencil-box.（knife） 31.Which is _____, English or Chinese?(interest) 32.It was _________ of the old man to show us the way to the station.(kindness) 33.Richard Clayderman is one of the most famous ________. (piano) 34.Zhang Guorong’s _________ shocked me. (die) 35.I don’t like thrille r, because it is __________.(frighten) 36.Raining and cold again! How I wish to have a _________ and warm day! (sun) 37.Help ______________________ to some more shrimps, children. (you) 38.She writes very ______________________ and fast. (care) 39.R and B (rhythm and blues)music was very popular with black ________. (America) 40.Please keep ___________________ ! the teacher said angrily. ( silence) 41.He looks __________ . (worry) What’s the matter with him? 42.This is the first time for those ___________ students to come to Shanghai.(home) 43.The weather is very __________ these days. You’d better take an umbrella with you.( change) 44.People will remember his ________ deeds forever.( hero) 45.Zhangyimou is one of the most famous __________ in China. (direct) 46.We have a _________ turkey for our dinner on Christmas Eve.(tradition) 47.The government has to give the ____________ to the pollution problem.(solve) 48.The English dictionary is too __________ for me to buy. (expense) 49.Most ____________ like pop music and many adults like classic music.(teenage) 50.It happened on the ________ of December. ( twenty) 51.It is Bill’s _______ job, and he likes it very much.(one) 52.I don’t like the flat here. It is too __________(noise)
英语词性转换归纳 动词变名词 1、v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就 advertise--- advertisement// advertising agree— (in )agreement apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue---argument争吵 mit奉献—mitment pliment 称赞,恭维 develop---development disgree—disagreement department 局,部 experiment 实验,试验 equip 装备---equipment 装备,器材 govern 统治—government 政府 manage---management 经营管理 2.V+ tion 结尾 attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力得事或人;令人向往得地方 conclude—conclusion 结论 pete—petition 竞争,比赛 discuss—discussion 讨论 educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写,描绘 express 表达----expression 词语;表达方式 graduate 毕业—graduation operate 操作,动手术—operation organize----organization instruct—instruction 指导, 介绍 invent—inventor / invention invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感,鼓舞人心得--- pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心 permit 允许-----permission
主语，顾名思义，主题、主体，也就是一个句子中主要述说的主体，一般位于句首。 谓语，是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。通常由我们的动词来充当着一成分，也成为谓语动词，谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后，由简单动词或动词短语（助动词或情态动词＋主要动词）构成。 表语，表即表明，表明主语的特征、身份以及状态。通常被认为是主语补语，说明主语是如何的，通常放在连系动词之后。常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来)，look(看起来)，feel(摸起来)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝、吃起来)，remain(保持，仍是)，feel(感觉) …. 宾语，动作的承受者。 1)动作的承受者——动宾I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3)双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物)He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 状语，修饰副词、形容词、动词以及全句的句子成分。状语包括地点状语、时间状语、原因状语、目的状语、条件状语等，那么相应地可以理解，在句子中充当地点成分、时间成分、原因成分、目的成分、条件成分. I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom. The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well. 定语，是用来说明名词的品质与特征的词或一组词。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) 补语，补语分为主补和宾补。主语补足语就如同前面说的表语一样，但表语只是部分的主补，主补还有很多其他的形式。主补：对主语的补充。He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。We elected him monitor. (名词)We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名)
初中英语词性转换归纳 1 动词变名词 1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve --- achievement 成就advertise --- advertisement 广告agree --- agreement 同意 apartment 公寓 amusement 娱乐 argue --- argument 争吵 commit --- commitment 奉献compliment 称赞，恭维 develop --- development 发展disgree --- disagreement 不赞同department 局，部 experiment 实验，试验 equip 装备--- equipment 装备，器材govern 统治--- government 政府manage---management 经营管理2．V+ tion 结尾 admit --- admission 承认 attract --- attraction 吸引conclude --- conclusion 结论compete --- competition 竞争，比赛discuss --- discussion 讨论 educate --- education 教育 decide --- decision 决定 describe --- deion描写，描绘express ----expression 词语；表达graduate --- graduation 毕业 operate --- operation 操作，动手术organize ---organization imagine --- imagination 想象力introduce ---introduction 介绍 instruct --- instruction 指导，介绍invent--- inventor / invention 发明illustrate --- illustration 阐明，举例说明invite --- invitation 邀请 inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的pollute --- pollution 污染 predict ---prediction 预言 pronounce ---pronunciation resolve --- resolution 决心 impress --- impression 印象 permit --- permission 允许
动词变名词1.v+ ment 结尾 achieve---achievement 成就advertise---advertisement advertising agree— agreement argue---argument争吵announce --- announcement 通知amuse--- amusement 娱乐commit奉献—commitment develop---development disgree—disagreement equip装备---equipment装备，器材govern 统治—government 政府manage---management 经营管理settle--- settlement 定居 2．V+ tion 结尾以t, te, de, 结尾的动词常去E 或直接加ion admit 承认—admission attract吸引—attraction 有吸引力的事或人；令人向往的地方 conclude—conclusion 结论compete—competition竞争，比赛discuss—discussion 讨论educate-----education decide----decision describe—description描写，描绘organize----organization imagine—imagination 想象力introduce—introduction 介绍instruct—instruction 指导，介绍invent—inventor / invention illustrate 阐明，举例说明--illustration invite—invitation inspire---inspiration 灵感，鼓舞人心的pollute----pollution 污染 predict---prediction 预言pronounce ---pronunciation resolve 决心-----resolution 决心impress 给人印象—impression 印象 permit 允许-----permission suggest-建议，暗示--suggestion solve解决-----solution 解决方法 3．V+ ance 结尾 allow—allowance 允许appear—appearance 外貌，出现perform----performance 演出exist—existance 存在 4．V+ ing 结尾 bathe 洗澡---bathing end 结束----ending 结尾，结局train 训练---training mean ---- meaning 意义say-----saying 谚语 5．V+ 其他 beg(乞讨)—beggar 乞丐 sit--seat 座位
英语语法大全 第一部分：词类、句子成分和构词法： 1、词类：英语词类分十种： 名词、形容词、代词、数词、冠词、动词、副词、介词、连词、感叹词。 1、名词(n.)：表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange. 2、代词(pron.)：主要用来代替名词。如：who, she, you, it . 3、形容词(adj..)：表示人或事物的性质或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、数词(num.)：表示数目或事物的顺序。如：one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth. 5、动词(v.)：表示动作或状态。如：am, is, are, have, see . 6、副词(adv.)：修饰动词、形容词或其他副词,说明时间、地点、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly. 7、冠词(art..)：用在名词前,帮助说明名词。如：a, an, the. 8、介词(prep.)：表示它后面的名词或代词与其他句子成分的关系。如in, on, from, above, behind. 9、连词(conj.)：用来连接词、短语或句子。如and, but, before . 10、感叹词(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello. 2、句子成分：英语句子成分分为七种：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 如：I‘m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) 2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。如：Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) 3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名 词、代词或形容词担任。如：My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。如： He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) 有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接 宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。如：He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了 一封信) 有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾 语。如：He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如： Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。如：He works hard .(他工作努力) 7、宾语补足语用来说明宾语怎么样或干什么,通常由形容词或动词充当。如：They usually keep their classroom clean.(他们通常让教室保持清洁)/ He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常帮我做功课)/ The teacher wanted me to learn French all by myself.(老师要我自学法语) ☆同位语通常紧跟在名词、代词后面,进一步说明它的情况。如：Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同学汤姆在哪里？) 3、构词法：英语构词法主要有：合成法、派生法和转换法。 1、合成法：如：spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。 2、派生法： (1)派生名词：①动词+er/or②动词+ing③动词+(t)ion④形容词+ness⑤其他,如： inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge (2)派生形容词：①名词+y②名词+ful③动词+ing/ed④friendly⑤dangerous⑥ Chinese; Japanese⑦English⑧French⑨German⑩国名+(i)an如：snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious (3)派生副词：①形容词+ly ②其它,如：slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible
四种名词性从句(宾语从句、主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句)讲解与练习 ◆学习宾语从句 学习宾语从句的连词、语序、时态和各种变化及特殊用法(直接引证变间接引语也在 宾语从句的基础上还要进行人称、状语、少数动词和句型的变化)是为学习其它三种名词性从句(主从、表从、同位从)做铺垫，连词、语序、时态基本相同，只是后三种考点相对宾.语从句少的多，主要是对连词的应用进行考查。所以学好宾语从句是必要的。 宾语从句三注意三特殊 一注意:注意引导词(连词) 由陈述句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为that，that 在口语或非正式文体中可省略;由 一般疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为if或whether;由特殊疑问句转化而来的宾语从句，引导词为句子本身的特殊疑问词，即what, when，where 等。 Eg：Tom says(that)he will fly to Beijing tomorrow. 汤姆说他明天将要坐飞机去北京 二注意:注意从句语序. 宾语从句的语序应该为陈述句语序即“主语+谓语+宾语+其他”。也就是说将疑问句转化成宾语从句时，一定要将疑问句语序转变成陈述句语序。 Can you tell me what he is doing能告诉我他正在做什么吗? <特别提醒>当疑问句在宾语从句中做主语时，语序不变。 Eg：Do you know what makes him so angry? 你知道什么事使他如此生气吗？ <特别提醒>如果宾语从句表示的是客观真理或是科学事实，其谓语动词仍用一般现在.时态。 Eg：Our teacher told us that the sun is much bigger than the moon. 老师告诉我们说太阳比月球大得多。 ◆主语从句(与宾词从句连词、语序、时态相同。只是不能用if, that 不可省;) (一)、主语从句是一个句子，在句子中作主语成分。 (二)，主语从句的特点 1.与宾语从句使用同样的连接词，只是if不能用; 1)、陈述句用that。 2)、一般疑问句用whether。 3)、特殊疑问句用特殊疑问词what, which, who,when, where, why, how等词引导。 2.以it为形式主语出现 Eg：1.It's true that the earth is round. That the earth is round is true. 2.表是否的意思时，不能用if代替whether. It hasn't been decided whether he'll come or not. Whether he'll come or not hasn't been decided. 3.从句语序为主谓宾正常语序。 Why didn't he come? Why he didn't come is not known. （三）特殊疑问词变化 Whoever=no matter who=any one who Whomever=no matter who=any one who
英语词性转换归纳 Company Document number：WUUT-WUUY-WBBGB-BWYTT-1982GT
英语词性转换归纳 动词变名词？ ？ + ment 结尾 ？ achieve---achievement 成就 advertise--- advertisement词+ ed ？ balance –balanced 平衡的 spot 斑点，地点----spotted 有斑点的talent-----talented 有天赋的 organized 有组织的 distusted 厌恶的 offended 生气的 crowded 拥挤的 polluted 被污染的 pleased 高兴的 ？ 3．名词+ ful/less ？ meaning—meaningful 有意义的care—careful/ careless 小心的；粗心的help---helpful / helpless
home—homeless 无家可归的 colour---colourful pain 疼痛---painful 痛苦的 use---useless/ useful thank—thankful 充满感激的 peace 和平 ---- peaceful 平静的，宁静的playful 顽皮的，爱玩耍的 ？ 4．名词+ able ？ adjustable 可调整的 comfort---comfortable knowledge---knowledgeable suit 一套-----suitable 合适的 ？ 5.名词+ ous ？ enormous 巨大的 danger—dangerous mystery 神秘-----mysterious 神秘的 变 t？ confidence----confident difference---different ？