选修8
课后能力测评(一)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The basic meaning of“pet”is an animal we keep for emotional (情感的) rather than economic reasons. A pet animal is __1__ as a companion, and we all need companions to keep as feeling happy.__2__ pets offer more than mere(only) companionship: they invite us to love and be loved. Many __3__ feel their pets understand them, for animals are __4__ to sense anger and sorrow. Often a cat or dog can comfort us __5__ when human words don't help. We feel loved, too, by the way pets __6__ us for a home, for food and drink. Dogs __7__，look up to their owners, __8__ makes them feel important and needed.
A pet can be something __9__ to each member of the family, another baby to the mother, a sister or brother to a(n) __10__ child, a grandchild to the elderly, but for all of us pets provide __11__ and companionship. It has __12__ been suggested that tiny pets __13__ be sent as companions to astronauts on space ships, to help reduce the stress (紧张) and __14__ of space flights.
In this Plastic Age, when most of us live in large cities, pets are particularly important for __15__. A pet in the family keeps people in __16__ with the more natural，animal world. Seeing an animal give birth brings understanding of the naturalness of childbirth, and seeing a pet __17__ helps a child to cope with sorrow. Learning to __18__ a pet helps a child to grow up into a loving adult who feels __19__ toward those dependent on them. Rightly we teach children to be good to their pets. They should learn, too, that pets are __20__ for us human beings.
1. A. known B. looked upon C. treated D. kept
2. A. But B. However C. So D. Otherwise
3. A. masters B. owners C. bosses D. hosts
4. A. slow B. quick C. easy D. difficult
5. A. in time B. on time C. at times D. at no time
6. A. depend on B. live on C. wait on D. look on
7. A. especially B. hardly C. hopefully D. entirely
8. A. it B. who C. which D. what
9. A. dangerous B. necessary C. the same D. different
10. A. single B. only C. separate D. alone
11. A. loss B. love C. trouble D. pleasure
12. A. ever B. even C. never D. probably
13. A. would B. could C. should D. must
14. A. loneliness B. distance C. darkness D. weight
15. A. housewives B. children C. grown-ups D. relatives
16. A. connection B. conversation C. touch D. love
17. A. die B. suffer C. cry D. fight
18. A. pay for B. ask for C. call for D. care for
19. A. comfortable B. suitable C. valuable D. responsible
20. A. fit B. good C. expensive D. bad
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Burning the midnight oil before an exam or interview has an opposite effect according to a research which found that sleep is necessary for memories to be “downloaded” into the brain.
“A good night's sleep within 30 hours of trying to remember a new task is a necessary condition of having good recall in the weeks ahead，” scientists have found.
“We think that getting that first night's sleep starts the process of memory consolidation(加强)，” said Robert Stickgold, a sleep researcher at Harvard Medical School who conducted the latest study.
“It seems that memories are normally washed out of the brain unless some process nails them down. I feel uncertain that sleep is one of those things that do the nailing down，”Professor Stickgold said.
Professor Stickgold's team trained the 24 people to tell the direction of three diagonal bars (斜线) shown for a sixtieth of a second on a computer screen full of horizontal stripes (水平线)．Half the subjects were kept awake that night, while the others slept. Both groups were allowed to sleep for the second and third nights to make up for any differences in tiredness between the volunteers.
Those who slept the first night were much better at remembering the task while the second group showed no improvement in spite of enjoying two nights of catch-up sleep.
A further study by scientists at the Medical University at Lubeck in Germany showed that memories are laid down in two stages during the night. The first is during the deep, so-called “slow wave” sleep, which usually takes place in the first half of the night. The second, and less important stage happens during the periods of dreaming or “rapid eye movement (REM)”. When people don't sleep well in the first half of the night, their memory consolidation is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT according to the first paragraph?
A. It is necessary to burn the midnight oil before an exam or interview.
B. Sleep speeds up the loss of memory.
C. Man should have a good sleep if he wants to keep a good memory.
D. Staying up late will make you better prepared for an exam or interview.
2. It can be inferred from the fourth paragraph that________.
A. some process helps memories to be washed out of the brain
B. Professor Stickgold is doubtful about whether sleep can make memories worse
C. some memories normally influence the function of the brain
D. sleep may can improve the condition of memories
3. How was the research conducted by Professor Stickgold?
A. The subjects were divided into two groups.
B. All the subjects were kept awake for 3 nights.
C. One group slept at the first night but was kept awake the next two nights.
D. One group was kept awake for 3 nights but the other slept for the second and third nights.
4. What was the study result of the scientists' at the Medical University at Lubeck?
A. REM sleep is not important at all for the consolidation for memory.
B. Intellectual performance mainly depends on the slow wave sleep period.
C. When people sleep poorly in the first half of the night, it is almost the same as having no sleep at all.
D. REM sleep is as important as slow wave sleep in terms of memory recall.
5. The BEST title of this passage is ________.
A. Sleep Necessary for Memories
B. The Importance of the First Stage of Sleep
C. Studies Made by Scientists About Sleep
D. The Scientists' Achievement in Sleep Research
The blockbuster film Titanic has brought millions of dollars and thousands of people to the theaters and continues to touch people today in their homes. Why is this film so successful? It is a combination of many different things. Among these are many different elements. Looking at some of these elements will show how the director and others involved were able to create an emotionally charged movie that appealed to millions.
The film uses one thematic(主题的) element called The Truth of Human Nature. The two main characters seem to represent noble people. Most of the other characters in the film are shown as non-tolerant, rude and cold-hearted people. The element of focusing on the two main characters' love and emotion seems symbolic of an ideal state.
There are also social problems addressed. This is done in a few different ways. The most noticeable way is that the lower class people remain locked in the basement as the ship goes down. Throughout Titanic, the lighting is very important. The poor, lower class people are always shown in very warm-colored light that gives them a sense of life and happiness. On the other hand, the rich, upper class are always shown in a flat light portraying the feeling of hardness and coldness. By using these techniques, they show the issue of class segregation(种族隔离), and they create stereotypes. The main characters are able to break free of these stereotypes and be together. This is the solution to the segregation problem.
As you can see, Titanic took a lot of thinking and preparation to film in a manner that would create emotion and bring to the surface the issues and story of the great ship.
6. The underlined word “blockbuster” in the first paragraph probably means “________”．
A. something very successful
B. a highly explosive bomb
C. something worth a lot of money
D. a touching story
7. In Titanic, the scene of the lower class people remaining locked in the basement as the ship goes down is used to ________.
A. criticize non－tolerant and cold-hearted rich people
B. enlarge the spectacle of the film
C. criticize the reality of the society
D. emphasize the condition of the poor at that time
8. Why were different colors of light used in the film Titanic?
A. They were used to show the difference between the rich and the poor.
B. The director was determined to achieve good visual effect.
C. The social status was represented by the color of light in the past.
D. The use of light was the main technique the director made use of.
9. What can we infer from the passage?
A. The segregation problem in the society can be solved by using the light.
B. Though love is the main theme of Titanic, it also reflects some social problems.
C. Because of the director's talents, the film Titanic achieved great success.
D. In the film Titanic there are two characters altogether.
10. The writer mainly talks about ________ in this passage.
A. the process of shooting Titanic
B. the leading actor and actress in Titanic
C. the main techniques used in Titanic
D. the outline of Titanic
Ⅲ. 阅读表达
The word addiction usually makes you think of alcohol or drugs, but in modern－day society we are seeing some new kinds of addictions. Some people are compulsive (难以自制的) shoppers. Others find it impossible to pull themselves away from their work. Still others spend countless hours watching TV or playing computer games.
Over the years, shopping has become a very common activity. Many people enjoy going to malls or stores more and more everyday, but it's more than a common hobby for some of them. They have turned into shopaholics. They are people who simply enjoy shopping and walking around spending money without being able to stop doing it. They_are_hooked_on_shopping_and_usually_buy_things_that_they_don't_need. Even though they don't have enough money, they buy everything they want.
The question is: why do they have this addiction? There isn't a specific answer. Some people go shopping when they are sad, worried, upset or lonely and they want to feel better. They use this activity as a way to forget their problems. Shopaholics say that they feel more important and better after they buy something. They also tend to have this addiction when they feel guilty.
Shopaholism seems to be a harmless addiction, but it can ________. Some of them can be psychological. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit. However, the process, like for most addictions, is long, and they suffer a lot. It can also cause financial problems. They just think about satisfying their feelings, so they spend money they don't have. They get deep in debt, and they can even go bankrupt and get sent to prison.
1. List three activities that might develop into addictions based on the text. (no more than 8 words)
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________________
2. What's the main idea of Paragraph 3? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 4 with proper words. (no more than 6 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4. Which sentence in the passage is the closest in meaning to the following one?
Accordingly, these shopaholics should turn to a certain organization for help so that they can stop compulsive shopping.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
课后能力测评(一)
Ⅰ.1. 解析：选D。从空后的“...and we all need companions to keep as feeling happy”可知，作者认为人们是把宠物作为伴侣来养，而不是把它看作伴侣。
2. 解析：选A。从空后的“more than mere (only) companionship”可知，本句与上句为转折关系。
3. 解析：选B。从空后的“their pets”可知，这里表示的是宠物的拥有者。host是相对客人而言；master是相对仆人(servant)而言；boss是相对雇用者而言；owner指某物的所有者。
4. 解析：选B。quick在这里意为“反应灵敏”。
5. 解析：选C。at times在句中相当于sometimes。
6. 解析：选A。句意为：通过宠物依赖于我们给它们一个家、食物、饮水的同时我们也感受到爱。depend on sb. for sth.意为“依靠某人获得某物”。
7. 解析：选A。作者认为在这一点上狗的表现最突出，因此用especially表示。
8. 解析：选C。which引导非限制性定语从句，在这里指代“Dogs __7__，look up to their owners”。look up to 在这里意为“尊敬，尊重”。
17. 解析：选A。die 在此与give birth 相对，从空后的“with sorrow”也可以得到此答案的提示。
18. 解析：选D。care for 意为“关心，照顾”，符合语境。
19. 解析：选D。句意为：学会关心宠物有助于将孩子培养成有爱心的成年人，他们会对需要自己的人“负责”。
20. 解析：选B。句意为：他们也会知道宠物对我们人类有益处。be good for对……有
Ⅱ. 1. 解析：选C。推理判断题。本文通过实验说明好的睡眠对记忆力至关重要。文章第一段就交代了整篇文章的中心。
2. 解析：选D。推理判断题。Professor Stickgold的话说明：睡眠也许是不让记忆力衰退的关键之一。
3. 解析：选A。细节理解题。文章第六、七段介绍了参与实验者被分成两组，一组第一天晚上睡觉，另一组第一天晚上不睡觉。
4. 解析：选B。细节理解题。文章最后一段说明了slow wave睡眠阶段对记忆的重要性。
5. 解析：选A。标题概括题。归纳文章第一段的内容可知答案。
6. 解析：选A。根据第一句的描述可知，《泰坦尼克》很受人们的欢迎，感动了很多的人，是一部很成功的电影。
7. 解析：选D。第三段开头指出“里面也反映了一些社会问题”。然后接着举了船下沉的时候下层人民仍被困在地下室里的情节。故选D。
8. 解析：选A。根据文章第三段倒数第二句“By using these techniques, they show the issue of class segregation...”可知，选A。
9. 解析：选B。通读全文可知，《泰坦尼克》中爱情是主题，但也反映了一些社会问题。
10. 解析：选C。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述了电影《泰坦尼克》中运用的主要拍摄技巧。
Ⅲ. 1. shopping, drinking, playing computer games, working, watching TV, taking drugs(任选其中三项)
2. The reason why some people/shopaholics have shopping addiction.
/The possible reasons for shopaholism/ shopping addition.
3. cause/bring about/result in many problems
4. If this is the case, people addicted to shopping should go to a support group to help them break this habit.
5. 他们购物成瘾，而且通常买的都是他们用不着的东西。/他们购物上瘾，常买些不需要的东西。
课后能力测评(二)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Kate said
the back of the store __1__ the rice was kept. The room was quite large and divided by three long aisles(过道), with rows of shelves full of __2__. Besides her and Patel there were only two boys in the store. They were both wearing __3__ overcoats. They looked rather __4__ because the overcoats were too big for them. “__5__”，she heard one of them whisper to __6__. She walked on to the next aisle and found the __7__ she was looking for. Then she heard something else. It __8__ like a box dropping on the floor. She looked through the small open space __9__ goods on the shelf and saw one of the boys picking up a box. But __10__ putting it in the basket, he dropped __11__ into the inside pocket of his overcoat. Kate looked back and __12__ see Mr Patel at the door checking through a list. Then she looked through the __13__ in the shelf again. The boys still had their backs to her. They were putting something __14__ into their inside pockets and then one of them said, “Let's get out of here.” They moved away from her.
When she got to the door the two boys were __15__ her. She watched them __16__ for the few things in their __17__. They had both __18__ their overcoats. Mr Patel did not seem to know what they had done. He even __19__ at them as they were about to __20__. Now Kate decided to stop them.
1. A. which B. that C. there D. where
2. A．books B. baskets C. goods D. magazines
3. A. dirty B. long C. grey D. tight
4. A. strange B. young C. nervous D. excited
5. A. Look up B. Listen to me C. Watch out D. Put it down
6. A. him B. her C. the boy D. the other
7. A. book B. rice C. bag D. magazine
8. A. looked B. heard C. showed D. sounded
9. A. between B. of C. around D. at
10. A. instead of B. before C. without D. as if
11. A. something B. it C. one D. that
12. A. would B. should C. might D. could
13. A. spot B. space C. goods D. books
14. A. important B. new C. else D. extra
15. A. next to B. beside C. in front of D. behind
16. A. paying B. looking C. asking D. reaching
17. A. hands B. pockets C. box D. basket
18. A. thrown B. stolen C. buttoned D. hidden
19. A. shouted B. smiled C. looked D. laughed
20. A. leave B. pay C. speak D. apologize
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
With petroleum reserves (石油储量) decreasing, the search is on to replace gas with a cleaner，greener alternative. Though much eco-talk has centered on biofuels from corn and soybeans, the biofuel that looks more likely to replace petroleum comes from a most unlikely source: algae(藻类)．
Algae, like corn, soybeans, and other crops, grow via photosynthesis(光合作用) and can be processed into fuel oil. However, they yield 30 times more energy than land crops such as soybeans, according to the U．S. Department of Energy. Many algae species also can grow in saltwater and polluted water—while corn and soy require arable land and fresh water that will be in short supply as the world's population balloons.
“If you replaced all the diesel(柴油) in the U．S. with soy biodiesel, it would take half the land mass of the U．S. to grow those soybeans，” says Matt Caspari, chief executive of Aurora Biofuels, a Berkeley, Calif-based private firm that specializes in algae oil technology. On the other hand, the Energy Department says that if algae fuel replaced all the petroleum fuel in the United States, it would require 15,000 square miles, which is a few thousand miles larger than Maryland (12,407 square miles), the 42nd state in land area.
Another bonus: Because algae can be grown just about anywhere in a closed space, they're being tested at several power plants across the nation as a carbon absorber. Smokestack emissions (烟囱排放物) can be pumped directly into the ponds, feeding the algae while keeping greenhouse gases out of the atmosphere.
Although processing technology for algae fuel－also known as “oilgae”in some environmentalist circles—is improving, it's still years away from reaching your local gas pump. “It's just a question of cost, because no large-cale facilities have been built yet，” Caspari says.
1. The underlined word “yield” in Paragraph 2 can be replaced by ________.
A. control
B. require
C. produce
D. grow
2. Compared with corn and soybeans, algae________.
A. may pollute water and soil
B. can grow in poor conditions
C. provide much less energy
D. need more special care
3. According to Paragraph 3, one of the advantages of algae fuel is that________.
A. it can be used more widely
B. it is more easy to produce
C. it needs much less land
D. it costs much less money
4. What do we learn about algae from Paragraph 4?
A. Algae help protect the environment.
B. People can grow algae anywhere.
C. Fish can get more oxygen from algae.
D. Algae produce less waste.
5. What does the passage mainly talk about?
A. Environmental protection.
B. Biofuels from corn and soybeans.
C. The false hope of biofuels.
D. A promising oil alternative.
Prince Charles yesterday, promised to reduce the royal impact on the environment through sweeping changes to his personal lifestyle and official schedule. The prince will replace carbon-heavy private jets and helicopters with scheduled flights and train services.
The move came as Prince Charles urged business leaders to publish the environmental impact of their activities. He said, “Few accountants and business decision-makers ask, ‘How much of our critical natural resource is left? How many miles of polar ice cap has our business helped melt this year? By how many inches have we raised sea levels? How many species have we put at risk? How many homes will be flooded, how many people will die of thirst or starvation because of our activities？’ These are not comfortable questions, but, by God, they need to be asked.”
He added，“At the moment these costs do not appear in anyone's books. Yet they are real, they are incurred (遭受) now and in a relatively short time, the damage being caused may be beyond remedy(补救)．”He said the world was “running up the_biggest_global_credit_card_debt in history, but with little or no thought for how the bill will ever be paid”．
Flanked by (两侧有) the prime minister and business and community leaders at St James' Palace, the prince said his new accounting for sustainability (可持续性) project would give consumers the power to choose products that caused less damage to the planet.
Duchy Originals, the Prince's food company, is taking steps to quantify how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas is emitted in growing, processing and distributing its products.
The changes to the Prince's travel arrangements announced yesterday are part of a wider review of the carbon footprint associated with activities at all three of his residences: Clarence House in London, Highgrove and Birkhall on the Balmoral estate, as well as the activities of his 21 personal and 105 full-time staff.
Measures include a review of electricity use, commuter(通勤者) and other staff travel and are intended to identify further reductions in carbon dioxide emissions. The review will report in June, when Clarence House will announce annual targets to reduce carbon emissions.
6. One of the moves Prince Charles will take to reduce the royal impact on the environment is ________.
A. taking private jets that are not carbon-heavy
B. taking helicopters instead of private jets
C. taking trains instead of scheduled flights
D. taking scheduled flights instead of helicopters
7. How does Prince Charles feel about business leaders in terms of environmental protection?
A. Dissatisfied.
B. Disappointed.
C. Doubtful.
D. Impatient.
8. Duchy Originals will ________ in response to Prince Charles' calls.
A. make as much green food as possible
B. cut down on its electricity use
C. figure out its greenhouse gas emission
D. reduce its greenhouse gas emission
9. The underlined phrase “the biggest global credit card debt” in Paragraph 3 probably refers to ________.
A. the great amount of waste produced by industry
B. the great damage caused for the environment
C. the great amount of debts of the royal family
D. the high cost of industry in the producing process
10. What would be the BEST title of the passage?
A. Prince Charles promises greener royal lifestyle
B. Better late than never
C. Prince Charles and his concern for the environment
D. The royal family has a role to play in environment protection
Ⅲ. 阅读表达
！” If so, we're glad you recognize that this happens to you. Now you can start taking steps to lessen your test anxiety. Here are some ways to do that：
Ask for help. Talk to your mom or dad, your teacher, or your school guidance counselor. Just talking to someone about test anxiety can make you feel better. Describe what happens to you when you're taking a test and these people can help you figure out some solutions. For instance, learning study skills can boost your test-day confidence.
Be prepared. Pay attention in class. Do your homework. Study for the test. On test day, you're more likely to feel like you know the material.
Block bad thoughts. Watch out for any negative messages you might be sending yourself about the test (“I'm no good at taking tests”or “I'm going to freak out if I get a bad grade”).These thoughts can make anxiety worse and make it harder for you to do well on the test.
________. Everyone makes mistakes. Be more forgiving of your own mistakes, especially if you prepared for the test and are set to do your best.
Breathe better. OK, so you already know how to breathe. But did you know that breathing exercises can help calm you down? (Just try not to take in too much air because it might make you feel dizzy.) Here's how to do it: Inhale (breathe in) slowly and deeply through your nose, and then exhale (breathe out) slowly through your mouth. Do_this_two_to_four_times_and_you_just_might_breathe_easier_the_next_time_you're_taking_a_ test!
1. What is the BEST title of the passage? (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the passage can be replaced by the following one?
Having too many negative messages in mind leads to worse test anxiety, which may stop you doing well on the test.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Fill in the blank in Paragraph 5 with proper words. (no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4. Which of the tips do you think is the most useful？(no more than 30 words)
________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence in Paragraph 6 into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
课后能力测评(二)
Ⅰ. 1. 解析：选D。分析句子结构可知，空格后的部分是地点状语从句。
2. 解析：选C。超市里架子上放的自然是“货物”了。
3. 解析：选B。从下文得知，他们准备偷东西，所以穿“长”大衣来做掩护。四个选项中只有long 与后面提到的too big相符。
4. 解析：选A。大衣长而大，穿在小孩子身上自然就觉得古怪。young, nervous, excited 与strange之间没有逻辑上的因果关系。
5. 解析：选C。由后文可知，是做贼的，所以提醒另一人要“当心”。
6. 解析：选D。共两个小孩，故另一个用the other。
7. 解析：选B。开头已暗示Kate是来买米的。
8. 解析：选D。it指前面听到的声音，这种声音“听起来”像……。
9. 解析：选A。货物之间有空隙，Kate正好可以看过去。
10. 解析：选A。按常理小孩应把选中的东西放进购物篮中，但他们没有，故用instead of。
11. 解析：选B。it 指前面已提到过的box。
12. 解析：选D。could此处表示可能性。
13. 解析：选B。由文意可知，第9空前的动作再次重复了一遍。
14. 解析：选C。由文意可知，这时放入袋中的显然不是前面提到过的box，而是“其他”什么东西。
15. 解析：选C。由文意可知，她看着他们，说明他们就在她面前。
16. 解析：选A。由文意可知，购物篮中的物品两个小孩是准备付款的。
17. 解析：选D。付款的东西自然是放在购物篮中的。
18. 解析：选C。大衣的纽扣扣得整整齐齐，因为里面藏有东西，此处button是动词。
19. 解析：选B。由even所表示的语气可以推知。
20. 解析：选A。句意为：他们要离开时，结账的人甚至在向他们微笑。leave离开，符合语境。
6. 解析：选D。细节理解题。根据文章第一段，查尔斯王子改变生活方式的途径是：乘班机
和火车，不再乘污染严重的喷气式飞机和直升机。
7. 解析：选A。推理判断题。从文章第二段，查尔斯王子对商界一连串的发问中可以看出他的不满。
8. 解析：选C。细节理解题。由第五段“Duchy Originals...is taking steps to quantify how much carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas is emitted...”其中quantify 作动词用，意为“量化”，同C项的figure out(计算出)意思接近，因此C项正确。
9. 解析：选B。词义理解题。根据语境判断，此处短语指的是我们对环境的破坏，查尔斯王子形象地把它比喻成我们“对地球的最大欠账”。
10. 解析：选A。标题归纳题。文章介绍英国的查尔斯王子准备为环保事业身体力行，改变自己的生活方式，以减少温室气体的排放，因此A项最能体现文章的中心。B项是“亡羊补牢，为时未晚”的意思，文中有一定的信息，但不是全文的中心；C项仅仅体现出“关心”，而没有体现行动；D项指的是整个王室，而没有紧扣查尔斯王子的行为。
Ⅲ. 1. How to Lessen/Reduce Test Anxiety或Steps/Ways to Lessen/Reduce Test Anxiety或Tips on Lessening/Reducing Test Anxiety
2. These thoughts can make anxiety worse and make it harder for you to do well on the test.
3. Accept mistakes或Be tolerant/forgiving of your mistakes
4. I think the first is.When I talk to my parents or teachers about test anxiety，they often offer some solutions, which make me feel much better. (开放性试题，答案可有多样性。)
5. 下次考试时这样做两到四次，你就会感到呼吸顺畅多了。
选修8
课后能力测评(三)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
There is a and __1__ the results of hundreds of surveys from around the world that have been conducted on life __2__. Most of the findings are predictable, but a few are __3__.
The database makes it __4__ that there is not a strong connection between material wealth and general contentment. It is a cliche(陈词滥调) to say that money __5__ buy happiness, but the old saying seems to be __6__ by research. Many people still cling to the belief that gaining riches will be the answer to all their problems, yet they are probably __7__.
Studies have been __8__ on people who acquired sudden wealth, such as lottery winners. In most cases, after the initial joy had __9__，people were not left with a sense of lasting happiness. In fact, they __10__ to return to the way they felt before they became rich.__11__ contented people continue to be contented，__12__ those who were miserable in the past sink back into misery.
If material wealth does not bring happiness, then __13__ does? Perhaps happiness has something to do with __14__ you live. The authorities at the World Database of Happiness have surveyed levels of happiness in different __15__. Apparently, people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy; people living in India and Russia, not surprisingly, are not happy.
Other surveys consistently point to the importance of relationships. Family relationships，__16__，seem to be the key to long-term contentment. The Web site suggests that __17__ in love and having children are two of the situations that bring the greatest happiness.
Nowadays people look to __18__ as an alternative source of satisfaction. People increasingly spend more time alone watching TV or surfing the Internet __19__ spending time with family. Can technology truly make people happy? It is too difficult to tell, but one thing is sure: If the Web site's research is __20__，time spent with your family is a better investment than time spent making money.
1. A. gamers B. analyzes C. uses D. collects
2. A. condition B. level C. style D. satisfaction
3. A. surprising B. exciting C. interesting D. annoying
4. A. actual B. true C. real D. clear
5. A. can B. may C. can't D. mustn't
6. A. supported B. carried C. satisfied D. served
7. A. correct B. mistaken C. foolish D. stupid
8. A. carried away B. carried on C. carried off D. carried out
9. A. worn out B. cut off C. worn off D. cut out
10. A. intend B. tend C. desire D. want
11. A. Especially B. Previously C. Actually D. Totally
12. A. then B. but C. so D. while
13. A. which B. who C. what D. when
14. A. space B. place C. where D. how
15. A. cites B. countries C. towns D. sections
16. A. in surprise B. in all C. in fact D. in particular
17. A. dropping B. feeling C. falling D. stepping
18. A. entertainment B. information C. technology D. study
19. A. other than B. more than C. or rather D. rather than
20. A. reasonable B. simple C. adequate D. accurate
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Yi So-yeon, an engineer from Seoul, returned to Earth on Saturday after 11 days aboard the International Space Station (ISS), along with Russian cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko and US astronaut Peggy Whitson.
A technical problem turned a routine (常规) return to Earth into a sharper than usual descent (下降) that tested the group members' stamina and courage. They landed in the Kazakh steppes (大草原) about 420km (260 miles) wide of their target.
“During the descent there was some kind of fire outside the Soyuz capsule because we were going through the atmosphere，” Yi said.
“At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay, so I tried to look okay too.”
Yi smiled and joked her way through a 10-minute news briefing at Star City, the wooded Soviet era cosmonaut training centre on the edge of Moscow. However, Malenchenko and Whitson looked tired and thin after nearly six months in space. Their answers were short and Whitson needed support to balance when she walked. The 29-year-old Yi has become famous in South Korea since the take-off but she brushed this aside and said she has had little contact with friends or family since returning.
“In fact, they are the heroes right now，” Yi said, referring to Malenchenko and Whitson. “I'm just a beginner and a little ashamed to say that I am a hero.”She did, though, relate a more light－hearted incident on the ISS.
“I sang Fly Me to the Moon” Yi said about the 1950s pop song. “It's my favorite song from university although at that time I didn't know I would be an astronaut.”
The capsule's so-called “ballistic” re-entering made the group members face twice the usual pull from the centre of the earth. The flames Yi described may have been caused by friction (摩擦) heating the capsule as it fell through the atmosphere.
Whitson told reporters that Saturday's ballistic landing, was irregular but not an emergency.
“The Soyuz has been through its history very reliable and there has obviously been some issue in the last couple of descents which went ballistic, but I'm sure the engineers will determine what the problems are and get them fixed，” she said.
In October, a Soyuz capsule carrying Malaysia's first space tourist touched down about 200 km (125 miles) off_course in a similar ballistic landing caused by a technical problem.
The Soyuz is the world's longest-serving manned space capsule. An early version of the craft, the V ostok, carried the first person into space in 1961.
Whitson, 48, has become the American with the longest amount of time in space with 377 days.
1. What's the main idea of the passage?
A. Flight in space is very dangerous.
B. Not everybody can go into space.
C. Fearful landing tests the Korean astronaut.
D. Yi didn't know she would be an astronaut when she was young.
2. The reason why Yi So-yeon felt afraid at first was that ________.
A. a fire was caused by the friction
B. she had no such experience before
C. she was not brave enough
D. the other two didn't help her
3. From the passage, we can learn that ________.
A. Yi So-yeon, a space tourist came from South Korea
B. Whitson became energetic when they landed on earth
C. the two other guys were not afraid during the descent
D. the Soyuz, an unmanned space capsule, had a long history
4. The underlined phrase in this passage means ________.
A. out of work
B. out of control
C. in the wrong direction
D. in danger
5. We can conclude from this passage that ________.
A. experience is very important for astronauts to ensure safety
B. Yi So-yeon will never return to the space station
C. people are not willing to experience the space flight
D. we should draw a lesson from the accident
the 2008 Beijing Olympic torch on Chinese soil. She and seven other non-Chinese winners were chosen from a pool of 262 applicants (申请者) from 47 countries in a contest organized by Chinese computer maker Lenovo Group and the official English-language newspaper, China Daily. When Bowen runs with the Olympic torch, she will not only be representing the United States, but also be representing thousands of Chinese orphans (孤儿).
Bowen, a mother of two adopted Chinese daughters, is the executive director of Half the Sky Foundation, an organization which was founded in 1998 and aims to enrich the lives and improve the prospects for orphaned children in China. In nearly 10 years, Bowen and Half the Sky have touched the lives of over 13,000 children. Half the Sky is now present in 36 welfare (福利) institutions in 28 Chinese cities. About 4,000 children are active in the program, which provides trained staff, educational tools, medical support and nurturing love for orphans.
Bowen hopes that running with the Olympic torch will help draw attention to the children in China. She will be among 19,400 runners who will carry the flame along an 85,000-mile, 130-day route across five continents. Beijing organizers say it will be the longest torch relay in Olympic history.
Like Bowen, the seven other non-Chinese winners, including a German engineer and a Venezuelan graphic designer, live in China. Other countries represented will be the Philippines, Colombia, India, Japan and Russia.
According to Olympic organizers, candidates (候选人) were selected based on an online vote,
committee selection, their “love of Chinese culture and history” and devotion to “communicating information of a real Ch ina to their native countries”.Each runner will carry the torch for 200 meters on Chinese soil.
6. According to the text, Jenny Bowen ________.
A. is interested in Chinese sports
B. founded Half the Sky, an organization which aims to help Chinese orphans
C. has adopted 13,000 children during 10 years
D. loves Chinese culture and history
7. Bowen hopes that being a torch runner would help ________.
A. collect educational tools, medical support, etc, for orphans
B. make Half the Sky Foundation well known
C. communicate information of America
D. draw attention to orphans in China
8. Which of the following about the 2008 torch relay is WRONG?
A. The contest for its runners is organized by Lenovo Group and China Daily.
B. It has eight foreign runners, including an American, a German and a Venezuelan.
C. It will be the longest relay with the most runners in Olympic history.
D. It will be an opportunity to communicate information of a real China to the world.
9. What's the BEST title for the passage?
A. A US woman to carry 2008 Olympic torch in China
B. Happy life of a US woman in China
C. Development of Chinese welfare institutions
D. The longest torch relay in Olympic history
10. The text is a(n)________．
A. biography
B. argument
C. news report
D. advertisement
Ⅲ. 阅读表达(潍坊市寿光现代中学2011届高三阶段检测英语试题)阅读下面短文并回答问题(请注意问题后的词数要求)。
Have one of those days or weeks when everything seems to annoy you? Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time. But with a little effort, you can forget it much faster, often within one day or two.
◆Walk it off
Exercise is the most popular way to remove bad mood. A person who's in a bad mood has low energy and high tension. Taking a fast ten-minute walk, or taking some quick exercise can do wonders towards changing that bad mood.
◆Tune it out
Listening_to_your_favorite_music_for_a_while_can_also_make_tensions_go_away_quickly,_ because_music_starts_associations_with_past_positive_experiences_we've_had._
◆Give yourself a pep talk
Stop and listen to what's on your mind. Bad moods are often started by too many negative thoughts. Write them all down on paper, including the pessimistic(悲观的)messages you've been giving yourself and then give optimistic answers.
◆Avoid things that won't improve your mood
TV may not help much. You need to increase your energy level and stimulate your mind. And before you reach for that piece of cake and coffee, think about how ________ are linked, sugar and caffeine contribute to depressed moods. While carbohydrates, such as potatoes and pasts(意大利面食)produce a calming effect in people who have a desire for them.
1. What's the BEST title of this passage？(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2. Which sentence in the passage can replace the following one?
Sometimes your bad mood may disappear of itself after a while.
________________________________________________________________________
3. Fill in the blank in the last paragraph with proper words(no more than 10 words)
________________________________________________________________________
4. What do most people do to beat the bad mood according to the passage？Please suggest another way to remove the bad mood(no more than 30 words)
________________________________________________________________________
5. Translate the underlined sentence into Chinese.
________________________________________________________________________
课后能力测评(三)
Ⅰ. 1. 解析：选B。根据文意可知，“世界幸福数据库”综合并分析了调查结果。
2. 解析：选D。从上下文可知，这个“世界幸福数据库”是对生活满意度进行的调查。
3. 解析：选A。由文意可知，这个调查结果大多数在意料之中，但也有一些意外。
4. 解析：选D。make it clear意思是“表明”，符合语境。
5. 解析：选C。句意为：钱是买不到幸福的。
6. 解析：选A。由文意可知，研究结果似乎证明了这句俗语。
15. 解析：选B。联系后文的“people in America, Canada, and Singapore are very happy”我们可以得此答案。
16. 解析：选D。in particular特别，尤其。此处表达：尤其家庭关系似乎是令人能长久感到满足的关键。
17. 解析：选C。fall in love为固定搭配，意思是“相爱”。
18. 解析：选C。look to指望。句意为：现在人们指望科技能成为满足感的另一个来源。
19. 解析：选D。rather than而不是。句意为：人们越来越多的把时间花在看电视或上网上，而并非与家人共聚。
20. 解析：选D。此句前半句的意思是：如果这个网站的研究结果是精确的。
Ⅱ. 1. 解析：选C。主旨大意题。通读全文可知，令人恐惧的着陆让进入太空的韩国宇航员经受了一次考验。
2. 解析：选B。细节理解题。根据第六段推理得出，Yi开始时恐惧的原因是以前没有过这种经历。
3. 解析：选C。由“At first I was afraid, but the two other guys looked okay...”判断得出答案。
4. 解析：选C。词意猜测题。分析前后语境可知，off course偏离轨道。
5. 解析：选A。推理判断题。由上下文推理可知：飞行员的经验在旅途中能够对安全起很大作用。
2. Even if you do nothing about it, your bad mood will probably go away after some time.
3. mood and food/how you feel and what you eat.
4. People usually do some physical exercise to remove it.
5. 听一会自己最喜欢的音乐也能很快消除紧张情绪，因为音乐能够让人想起以前的积极乐观的经历。
选修8
课后能力测评(四)
Ⅰ. 完形填空
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
The Voice of America began during the World WarⅡ. When Germany was broadcasting a radio program to get international __1__，American officials believed they should __2__ the German broadcast with words that they thought were the facts of world events. The first VOA news report began with words in __3__. “The __4__ may be good or bad, but we shall tell you the truth.”Within a week, other VOA __5__ were broadcasting in Italian, French and English.
After the World War Ⅱended in 1945, some Americans felt VOA's __6__ had to be changed，__7__ the Soviet Union became enemy of America. They wanted to __8__ Soviet listeners. Then VOA began broadcasting in Russian.
In the early years VOA began adding something new to its broadcast that was __9__“ Music USA”. Another new idea came along in 1959. VOA knew that many listeners did not know __10__ English to completely understand its __11__ English broadcast. So VOA __12__ a simpler kind of English, __13__ uses about 1,500 words and is spoken __14__ of course, it is special English.
In the __15__ of most VOA listeners, the most __16__ program is the news report. News from around the world __17__ into the VOA news rooms in Washington 24 hours a day. It comes from VOA reporters in __18__ cities and also from other __19__ like BBC. VOA writers and editors use these materials to __20__ news reports, which are being broadcast in 43 languages.
1. A. business B. culture C. support D. information
2. A. reply B. answer C. join D. interrupt
3. A. same B. short C. English D. German
4. A. news B. problems C. effects D. opinions
5. A. stations B. news C. announcers D. officials
6. A. home B. position C. purpose D. results
7. A. if B. supposing C. considering D. in order that
8. A. reach B. satisfy C. attack D. support
9. A. known B. reported C. called D. printed
10. A. American B. British C. standard D. enough
11. A. normal B. fast C. good D. exact
12. A. invented B. discovered C. taught D. stopped
13. A. it B. who C. which D. that
14. A. slowly B. rapidly C. normally D. loudly
15. A. pleasure B. course C. opinion D. advice
16. A. difficult B. important C. various D. common
17. A. flies B. sends C. delivers D. pasts
18. A. all B. major C. American D. news
19. A. broadcasts B. forms C. newspapers D. countries
20. A. broadcast B. announce C. translate D. prepare
Ⅱ. 阅读理解
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中选出最佳选项。
Everyone has got two personalities—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control your behaviour，but when you're asleep，your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night，of course，people frequently change their position. The important position is the one that you go to sleep in.
If you go to sleep on your back，you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by fashion or new ideas. You don't like to upset people，so you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach，you are a rather secretive person. You worry a lot and you're always easily upset. You're very stubborn，but you aren't very ambitious. You usually live for today not for tomorrow. This means that you enjoy having a good time.
If you sleep curled up(卷曲), you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and so you're often defensive. You're shy and you don't normally like meeting people. You prefer to be on your own. You're easily hurt.
If you sleep on your side，you have usually got a well-balanced personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel anxious，but you don't often get depressed. You always say what you think even if it annoys people.
1. According to the writer，you naturally show your secret and real personality ________.
A. only in a normal night
B. only when you go to sleep
C. only when you refuse to show yourself to the world
D. only when you change sleeping position
2. Which is NOT mentioned in the second paragraph about a person's personality?
A. He or she is always open with others.
B. He or she always likes new ideas earlier than others.
C. He or she is always easily upset.
D. He or she tends to believe in others.
3. Which of the following shows the personality of a person sleeping on his stomach?
A. He or she is careful not to offend others.
B. He or she doesn't want to stick to his or her opinion.
C. He or she can't be successful in any business.
D. He or she likes to bring others happiness.
4. Why don't you possibly want to make friends with a person who sleeps curled up?
A. He or she would rather be alone than communicate with you.
B. He or she is rarely ready to help you.
C. He or she prefers staying at home to going out.
D. He or she wouldn't like to get help from you.
5. It appears that the writer tends to think highly of the person who sleeps on one side because ________.
A. he or she always shows sympathy for people