Chapter1 exercise and test

Teaching planGrade:3&4Teacher:Susan Group members:慧彭Topic:2B Unit 1Period:1Week: 5Teaching Aims and Demands ：Ss can read and remember the words of Page1-2: chili fish, lemon sweets, sour plums, raisins, chocolate, potato chips ⋯Important Points and Difficult Points ：Vocabulary: chili fish, lemon sweets, sour plums, raisins, chocolate, potato chips ⋯Procedure Teacher ’ s Activity Students ’ Activity 意Step 1. 1. Greet with students. Good morning! 1. Greet with T 1. 每天候，提高Greeting and How are you ⋯ 2. Ss watch and 学生的企图warm up 2. Play an English song about food. follow. 。

2. 歌曲入，身引入。

Step 2. 1. Ask students do you like ⋯ ? (food) 1. Answer teacher ’1s. 食品，激Presentation 2. Show them some pictures of food and questions. 学生求知欲。

review these words. 2. Review the 2. 复旧知，学3. Show them a picture of chocolate, ask words. 新知做好。

Chapter 1 Introduction to Human Resource Management1.Multiple Choice1) The basic functions of the management process include all of the following EXCEPT ________.A) planningB) organizingC) outsourcingD) leadingE) staffingAnswer: CExplanation: The five basic functions of the management process include planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Outsourcing jobs may be an aspect of human resources, but it is not one of the primary management functions.2) Which of the following is the person responsible for accomplishing an organization's goals by planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling personnel?A) managerB) entrepreneurC) representativeD) generalistE) marketerAnswer: AExplanation: The manager is the person responsible for accomplishing an organization's goals by planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling the efforts of the organization's people. An entrepreneur may manage people or may hire a manager to do so instead, but entrepreneurs are defined as individuals who start their own businesses.3) Which of the following includes five basic functions--planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling?A) job analysisB) strategic managementC) employee orientationD) management processE) adaptability screeningAnswer: DExplanation: The management process includes five basic functions--planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. Strategic management refers to the process of identifying and executing the organization's mission by matching its capabilities with the demands of its environment.4) Which function of the management process requires a manager to establish goals and standards and to develop rules and procedures?A) planningB) organizingC) staffingD) leadingE) motivatingAnswer: AExplanation: Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling are the five main functions of management. The planning function involves establishing goals and standards, developing rules and procedures, and forecasting.5) Celeste spends most of her time at work establishing goals for her staff of fifty employees and developing procedures for various tasks. In which function of the management process does Celeste spend most of her time?A) leadingB) organizingC) motivatingD) planningE) staffingAnswer: DExplanation: The planning function of the management process requires managers to establish goals and standards, develop rules and procedures, and develop plans and forecast. Leading involves motivating staff, while controlling requires a manger to set standards, such as sales quotas. Assigning tasks to employees is an aspect of the organizing function.6) Which function of the management process includes delegating authority to subordinates and establishing channels of communication?A) staffingB) organizingC) motivatingD) leadingE) planningAnswer: BExplanation: The organizing function of the management process includes delegating authority to subordinates and establishing channels of communication. The organizing function also includes establishing departments and coordinating the work of subordinates.7) When managers use metrics to assess performance and then develop strategies for corrective action, they are performing the ________ function of the management process.A) planningB) leadingC) staffingD) controllingE) organizingAnswer: DExplanation: The controlling function of the management process requires managers to set standards such as sales quotas, quality, standards, or production levels. Managers then compare actual performance with the standards, which often involves the use of metrics. Corrective action is then taken when necessary.8) Which function of the management process includes selecting employees, setting performance standards, and compensating employees?A) leadingB) organizingC) planningD) motivatingE) staffingAnswer: EExplanation: The staffing function of the management process is also known as the human resource management function. The staffing function addresses the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, as well as addressing issues of labor relations, worker safety, and fairness.9) Which basic function of management includes setting standards such as sales quotas and quality standards?A) planningB) organizingC) controllingD) leadingE) staffingAnswer: CExplanation: The controlling function involves setting standards such as sales quotas and production levels. Comparing actual performance with the standards is also an aspect of the controlling function.10) ________ is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns.A) Industrial psychologyB) Labor relationsC) Human resource managementD) Behavioral managementE) Organizational health and safety managementAnswer: CExplanation: Human resource management is the process of acquiring, training, appraising, and compensating employees, and attending to their labor relations, health and safety, and fairness concerns. HRM falls under the staffing function of the management process.11) In the management process, which of the following is an activity associated with the leading function?A) maintaining employee moraleB) setting performance standardsC) establishing departmentsD) training new employeesE) developing proceduresAnswer: AExplanation: The management process includes five functions--planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling. The leading function requires a manager to get employees to accomplish their jobs, maintaining morale, and motivating subordinates.12) Personnel activities associated with human resource management most likely includes all of the following EXCEPT ________.A) providing incentives and benefitsB) orienting and training new employeesC) appraising employee performanceD) building employee commitmentE) developing customer relationshipsAnswer: EExplanation: Human resource management involves numerous personnel-related activities, and HR managers are less likely to interact with customers. Managing compensation, orienting new employees, appraising employee performance, and developing employee commitment are typical aspects of the HR manager's job.13) Which of the following best explains why human resource management is important to all managers?A) Technological changes and global competition require clear organization charts.B) Sophisticated accounting controls are supported by human resource managers.C) An enthusiastic labor force is likely to provide financial support to local unions.D) Investing in human capital enables managers to achieve positive results for the firm.E) Economic challenges facing the world call for advanced cost-cutting and streamlining.Answer: DExplanation: Getting results is the bottom line of managing, and it is primarily accomplished through human capital, which is the knowledge, education, training, skills and expertise of a firm's workers. Managers throughout a firm need good peopleto get results, and hiring and retaining good people is the objective of HRM.14) According to experts, the primary hindrance to a firm's productivity is its inability to ________.A) establish effective manufacturing facilitiesB) acquire and maintain human capitalC) use advanced accounting controlsD) attain adequate cash and creditE) develop organizational plansAnswer: BExplanation: Experts assert that it's the work force and the company's inability to recruit and maintain a good work force that constitutes a bottleneck for production. Projects backed by good ideas, vigor, and enthusiasm are less likely to be stopped by a shortage of cash than a shortage of human capital, which is the knowledge, education, training, skills and expertise of a firm's workers.15) ________ is the right to make decisions, to direct the work of others, and to give orders.A) LeadershipB) AuthorityC) DelegationD) ManagementE) ResponsibilityAnswer: BExplanation: The right to make decisions, to direct the work of others, and to give orders is known as authority. Line authority gives managers the right to issue orders to other managers or employees. In contrast, staff authority gives the manager the authority to advise other managers or employees.16) Which of the following best defines line authority?A) management over a small staff in a public firmB) management with flexible decision-making powersC) a manager's right to advise other managers or employeesD) a manager's right to advocate on behalf of his or her departmentE) a manager's right to issue orders to other managers or employeesAnswer: EExplanation: Line authority is a a manager's right to issue order to other managers or employees, which creates a superior-subordinate relationship. Staff authority refers to a manager's right to advise other managers or employees, which creates an advisory relationship.17) In most organizations, human resource managers are categorized as ________, who assist and advise ________ in areas like recruiting, hiring, and compensation. A) staff managers; line managersB) line managers; middle managersC) line managers; staff managersD) compensation managers; line managersE) functional managers; staff managersAnswer: AExplanation: Human resource managers are usually staff managers. They assist and advise line managers in areas like recruiting, hiring, and compensation. However, line managers still have human resource duties.18) A ________ is authorized to direct the work of subordinates and is responsible for accomplishing the organization's tasks.A) training specialistB) staff managerC) line managerD) recruiterE) job analystAnswer: CExplanation: A line manager is authorized to direct the work of subordinates and is responsible for accomplishing the organization's tasks. Unlike line managers, staff managers lack the authority to issue orders down the chain of command. Recruiters, job analysts, and training specialists are specialties within the HR department, and HR managers are usually staff managers rather than line managers.19) Which of the following has historically been an integral part of every line manager's duties?A) responding to customer complaintsB) developing budgetary guidelinesC) handling personnel issuesD) creating personnel policiesE) establishing dress codesAnswer: CExplanation: All line managers directly handle issues related to their subordinates, such as training new employees, creating department morale, and protecting employees' health and safety. Although line managers are involved in interpreting a firm's policies, they are not always involved in creating policies. Choices A, B, D, and E are duties of some but not all line managers, but all line managers work directly with personnel.20) A line manager's human resource responsibilities most likely include all of the following EXCEPT ________.A) maintaining department moraleB) training employees in new positionsC) controlling labor costsD) protecting employees' healthE) marketing new products and servicesAnswer: EExplanation: Human resource management most often involves creating and maintaining department morale, training employees for jobs that are new to them, controlling labor costs, and protecting employees' health and physical condition. Handling personnel is an integral part of every line manager's duties, but marketing new products is not a personnel issue and would be handled by the marketing department.21) Which of the following refers to the authority exerted by an HR manager as coordinator of personnel activities?A) staff authorityB) line authorityC) functional authorityD) corporate authorityE) embedded authorityAnswer: CExplanation: Functional authority refers to the authority exerted by an HR manager as coordinator of personnel activities. An HR manager ensures that line managers are implementing the firm's HR policies and practices. Line authority is a a manager's right to issue orders to other managers or employees, which creates asuperior-subordinate relationship. Staff authority refers to a manager's right to advise other managers or employees, which creates an advisory relationship.22) One of the ________ functions of a human resource manager includes directing the activities of his or her subordinates in the HR department.A) coordinativeB) corporateC) staffD) lineE) impliedAnswer: DExplanation: Line functions, staff functions, and coordinative functions are the three primary functions of HR managers. Examples of line functions include a human resource manager directing the activities of the people in his or her own department or perhaps in related areas (like the plant cafeteria).23) Which of the following is an example of a coordinative function performed by HR managers?A) directing the activities of employees within the human resources departmentB) ensuring that line managers are adhering to a firm's sexual harassment policiesC) voicing employee concerns about health benefits and wages to upper managementD) providing upper management with relevant data on national employment trendsE) assisting line managers with hiring, evaluating, and firing employeesAnswer: BExplanation: The human resource manager performs coordinative functions which require coordinating personnel activities. This function is often referred to as functional authority (or functional control). Here he or she ensures that line managers are implementing the firm's human resource policies and practices, such as adhering to sexual harassment policies.24) All of the following are functions of the human resource manager EXCEPT________.A) directing personnel activities within the HR departmentB) ensuring that line managers are implementing HR policiesC) advising line managers about how to implement EEO lawsD) representing the interests of employees to senior managementE) integrating the duties of line managers with staff managersAnswer: EExplanation: HR managers carry out three primary functions--line, coordinative, and staff. Choice A refers to line functions, while Choice B refers to a coordinative function. Advising and assisting are staff functions and include representing employee interests to senior management and providing advice to line managers about various HR issues.25) All of the following are examples of human resource specialties EXCEPT________.A) recruiterB) job analystC) financial advisorD) compensation managerE) labor relations specialistAnswer: CExplanation: HR management specialties include recruiter, EEO coordinator, job analyst, compensation manager, training specialist, and labor relations specialist. HR managers are less likely to serve as financial advisors.2.True or False1) Setting standards such as sales quotas, quality standards, or production levels is part of the leading function of human resource management.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Setting standards such as sales quotas, quality standards, or production levels is part of the controlling rather than the leading function of human resource management. Leading involves maintaining morale and motivating workers.2) The planning function of management includes establishing goals and standardsand developing forecasts.Answer: TRUEExplanation: The planning function of management includes establishing goals and standards, developing rules and procedures, and developing plans and forecasting. Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling are the five functions of the management process.3) Communicating is one of the five basic functions of the management process. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Planning, organizing, staffing, leading, and controlling are the five functions of themanagement process. Although communicating with employees is part of every step, it is not one of the five basic functions.4) Hiring the wrong person for the job, committing unfair labor practices, and failing to motivate employees are personnel mistakes that hinder firms from achieving positive results.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Common HRM mistakes include hiring the wrong people, failing to motivate workers, and committing unfair labor practices. The primary goal of HRM is to help the firm achieve its goals, and such HRM mistakes hinder that process.5) Autonomy is the right to make decisions, direct the work of others, and give orders. Answer: FALSEExplanation: Authority rather than autonomy is the right to make decisions, direct the work of others, and give orders. In management, authority is distinguished between line authority and staff authority.6) Staff managers are authorized to issue orders to subordinates and are directly in charge of accomplishing the organization's basic goals.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Line managers, not staff managers, are authorized to issue orders down the chain of command. Staff managers have the authority to advise other managers or employees.7) Human resource managers are generally staff managers.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Human resource managers are usually staff managers. They assist and advise line managers in areas like recruiting, hiring, and compensation. However, line managers still have human resource duties.8) Staff managers have staff authority which enables them to issue orders down the chain of command unlike line managers.Answer: FALSEExplanation: Line managers can issue orders down the chain of command, while staff managers are only able to advise other managers and employees.9) In small organizations, line managers frequently handle all personnel duties without the assistance of a human resource staff.Answer: TRUEExplanation: In small firms, line managers are able to handle personnel duties. However, large firms of over 100 employees require human resource specialists. 10) Human resource managers assist line managers with hiring, training, evaluating, rewarding, counseling, promoting, and hiring employees.Answer: TRUEExplanation: Assisting and advising line managers is the heart of the human resource manager's job. HR assists in hiring, training, evaluating, rewarding, counseling, promoting, and firing employees.。

全新版大学英语综合教程第一册Test1练习内容全新版大学英语综合教程第一册T est1练习内容导语：全新版大学英语综合教程除了学习课文内容，也要做习题来巩固课堂学习的'知识，下面是全新版大学英语综合教程第一册的测试，大家要认真做题哦。

Test Yourself (Units 1-4)Test Paper OnePart Ⅰ Listening Comprehension (20 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Example: You will hear:You will read:A) At the office.B) In the waiting room.C) At the airport.D) In a restaurant.From the conversation we know that the two were talking about some work they had to finish in the evening. This is most likely to have taken place at the office. Therefore, A) "At the office" is the best answer. You should choose [A] on the Answer Sheet and mark it with a single line through the center.Sample Answer [-A-] [B] [C] [D]1. A) Of all cities in California, Los Angeles has the largest population.B) San Francisco is as big as Los Angeles.C) One of the two cities mentioned is the capital city of California.D) Neither San Francisco nor Los Angeles is the capital city of California.2. A) Alice Wang was not a hard-working student.B) Alice Wang did poorly in the basic chemistry course.C) Alice Wang was far ahead of her class.D) Alice Wang did some hard thinking on the subject.3. A) Professor and student.B) Friends.C) Father and daughter.D) Classmates.4. A) Delivering a package.B) Writing a receipt.C) Signing the papers.D) Cleaning the house.5. A) Write a book review.B) Keep the book for a couple of weeks.C) Make a copy of a part of the book.D) Meet the woman.6. A) Lawyer.B) Teacher.C) Doctor.D) Consultant.7. A) She is late for class.B) She hates school.C) She is unable to finish class assignments.D) She has difficulty concentrating in class.8. A) He succeeded by working hard.B) He does not agree with Miss Walker,C) He believes in luck.D) He admires Miss Walker.9. A) Brian Wallace wants to make an appointment with Christopher.B) Brian Wallace is waiting in the conference room.C) Mr. Christopher does not have time to see Brian Wallace at the moment.D) Mr. Christopher will see Brian Wallace in the conference room.10.A) Take the woman to the park.B) Go and see his mother.C) Write a letter to his mother.D) Attend a birthday party.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 11 to 14 are based on the passage you have just heard.11. For what purpose did the speaker go to McCarley's Bookstore one day?A) To find a job.B) To talk to the owner.C) To meet a customerD) To get a book.12. Why did the speaker take the job at the bookstore?A) It paid well.B) She needed money to go to college.C) The boss was kind to her.D) It offered her a chance to help others.13. What does the speaker do now?A) She is a college student.B) She is a hotel maid.C) She is a mapmaker.D) She is a news reporter.14. What remains the same for the speaker in spite of changes in her jobs?A) She likes whatever job she is doing.B) She feels she is working for the customers instead of her employer.C) She takes pride in the achievements she has made.D) She tries hard to make sense of the world.Passage TwoQuestions 15 to 17 are based on the passage you have just heard.15. What is the passage about?A) Dining out.B) Table manners.C) Growing up.D) Starting a family.16. In what way is the visit to his hometown significant to the speaker?A) It was the first time he took his parents out for dinner.B) It was the first time his parents treated him as an adult.C) It was the first time he behaved as an adult before his parents.D) It was the first time he was called "mister".17. What can we infer from the passage?A) The family used to go to a restaurant for dinner when they got together.B) The waiter usually places the bill in the middle of the table.C) The speaker's father used to pay their restaurant bills.D) Parents usually regard their children as grown up when they reach 13.Passage ThreeQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the passage you have just heard.18. What is the relationship between Rhonda and the speaker?A) Colleagues.B) Former classmates.C) Neighbors.D) Relatives.19. When did the speaker's friendship with Rhonda start?A) When Rhonda invited her to tea.B) When they took a trip abroad together.C) When they visited the zoo together.D) When the speaker took Rhonda to a movie.20. What are the times the speaker remembers best of her friendship with Rhonda?A) When she refused to take Rhonda's advice.B) When Rhonda came to her help when she was in need.C) When she gave up her plans to help Rhonda.D) When Rhonda shared joy in her accomplishments.。

研究生英语听说教程引进版答案【篇一：引进版研究生英语听说教程take on listeningchapter1-chapter4答案】>part one 1. false 2. false 3. false 4. false 5. false 6. false 7. falsepart two1. using what you already know (possible answers)programlevelplacement appointment application register test teachercounselor school forms gpa esl class catalogexercise 1 answers will varyexercise 2 possible answers: studying for a test; discussing homework, borrowing/comparing notes, etc.2. scanning for the main idea practice:main idea: the cafeteria is closed and the student is very hungry and needs to eat before class begins.key words: food machine, closed, pass out, stand, get something warm, canteen, stomach growl3. scanning for the important points1. a.2. a.3. b.4. inferencing (making intelligent guesses)1. true2. false3. true4. false5. true5. scanning for specific pieces of information6. using context clues1. a 4. b2. b 5. a3. b7. using structure and intonation clues using structure clues exercise 11. a 4. b2. b 5. b3. aexercise 21. a 4. a2. b 5. b3. bexercise 31. a 4. b2. b 5. a3. a 6. busing intonation clues1. sad2. angry3. happy4. confused5. sarcasticchpater 2part oneexercise 11. 5; richmond-daly city/colma, fremont-daly city, fremont-richmond, pittsburgh/baypoint-colma, dublin/pleasanton-daly city2. no. the fremont-richmond train does not go to san francisco.3. 3. 84. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.2; richmond-daly city/colma, fremont-richmond3; dublin/pleasanton-daly city, fremont-daly city, fremont-richmond 1; pittsburgh/ bay point-colma a white line with black dots; 22no. transfer oakland city center/12th street to a fremont-richmond train.no. take fremont-richmond train to oakland city center and transfer to a pittsburgh/bay point-colma train.10. oakland city center-12th street, 19th street oakland, macarthur.part twoexercise 1b. getting directionsexercise 21. in a bart station2. it depends on where you go.3. to berkeley to visit denise’s sister.4. she looks at the bart map.5. yes. they can’t go directly from san francisco to berkeley after 8:04.6. she is happy to help them, but does not want further involvement. she is not interestedin meeting their nephew.7. the woman was happy to give the couple directions, but she didn’t want to get involvedin their lives.exercise 3general informationtrip scheduleexercise 41. a2. b3. b4. a5. a6. apart threeexercise 11. $2.10 2. $4.003. 19 minutes4. 25 minutes5. $3.00 (king stadium to kansas street); 74 minutes (king stadium to lincoln way). no.the king stadium to lincoln way trip is a shorter distance than the king stadium to kansas street trip. the higher fare for the shorter trip reflect the need to transfer, pay a toll, etc.exercise 2e 14. answer depends on current time.5. spuyten duyvil, marble hill, university heights, morris heights, 125th st., gct6. 7:537. between 1:20 a.m. and 6:20 a. m. 8. rush hourexercise 3 a1: $2.15 b1: answer depends on current time a2: $2.05 b2: 8 (including the last stop, gct) a3: 37 minutes b3: 12:07 a4: 28 minutes b4: 3 a5: $3.70 b5: 12:52exercise 3c1. 27 minutes2. $1.653. $1.80; 29 minutes4. $5.305. 62 minutes6. 12:40 p. m.7. 4:41 p. m.8. 6:52 a. m.9. 910. 33 minutes11. the 7:22 a. m. and 7:52 a. m. trains 12. answer depends on current time.part fourexercise 11. yes/no2. yes/no3. information4. yes/no5. information6. yes/no7. information8. information9. information 10. yes/no exercise 21. b2. a3. a4. b5. a6. b7. b8. a9. b 10. bexercise 3 example: when does the next bus arrive?1. what time did the plane arrive?2. how often do you take the bus?3. did someone meet them at the airport?【篇二：研究生英语听说教程引进版1听力原文】xt>1.a: who?s your history professor?b: i?m in dr. leydorf?s class.a: oh, how is he?b: the class is interesting and i really like him, but he?s a real stickler. if you?re more than fifteen minutes late, he marks youabsent, and you have to hand in every assignment on time or he lowers your grade. a: ooh! he sounds really tough.2.a: how did you do on your composition?b: oh, you won?t believe it. i hadn?t worked on it very long and i didn?t have time to check it over. when the teacher returned it to me with an “a” on it, you could have knocked me over with a feather!a: wow. that?s great. you must be really smart.b: or else just lucky.3.a: let?s go to a movie tonight.b: sorry, i?ve got to cram for a test tonight. i haven?t had a chance to study before now.a: well, how about going to the late show?b: no, i?m going to need a good night?s sleep. i want to make sure that i?m ready for the test.4.a: all right. we promised each other we?d get this report done today. let?s get cracking.b: aw, it?s such a beautiful day. can?t we go for a walk and do this later? a: no, we?ll need to return these books to the library by five o?clock. we really have to do this now.5.a: gee. it?s already a quarter after ten. maybe ms. hughes is absent today.b: fat chance. she?s never been absent a day in her life. i was in her class last year and she even came in when she had the flu.a: well i guess she really loves teaching. oh, here she comes now.p101.i am transcribing my sociology notes.2.john is defending his dissertation on tuesday.3.we are forming a study group on the first day of class.4.i?m applying for financial aid to help pay my tuition and expenses.5.ms. wilson is correcting our essays over the weekend.p111.the professor is coming.2.the professor is coming in a little while.3.the sahkespeare theater group is performing romeo and juliet on the 17th.4.4. the shakespeare theater group is performing romeo and juliet.5.the campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts.6.the campus bookstore is having a big sale on all college sweatshirts during springp191、she told me her house is just a stone?s throw from the uc berkeley campus. which station is that?stranger: the downtown berkeley station is really close to the university. i?m sure that?s the one you want.2、so, how much is the fare to downtown berkeley?stranger: let?s go take a look at the map over there. you see, the map shows you how much it costs to go from one station to another. ah, there it is: two dollars and sixty-five cents.3、tom: two sixty-five? that?s highway robbery for such a short distance!denise: you think that?s expensive? tom from our house to amherst it costs twice as much as that.4、here we are a t powell street in san francisco, and it?s basically a straight shot on the richnond line to the downtown berkeley station. denise: yes, my sister said we wouldn?t have to change trains.5、tom: let?s see if i?ve go t this right: we take the 8:18 pittsburg train and arrive in oakland at 8:34. then we take the 8:34 richmond train to berkeley. that should be a snap.stranger: yeah, you?ll have no trouble.6、 tell me dear, i notice you?re not wearing a ring. stranger: well, no, uh…denise; you know, my sister?s son is very handsome. i think you two would like each other…p32 exercise 31. question: where does this person want to go?a: pardon me, how much does it cost to go to the jefferson auditorium? b: that?s $1.80 one way, but you can?t go directly there after 6:00 pm. you?ll have to take a lenox train at thathour and then transfer to a hastings train at the portsmouth station.2.question: what time will the next bus for chicago leave?a: excuse me, when does the next bus to downtown chicago leave? b: let?s see. one just left at 8:00. the schedule says that that bus leaves every fifteen minutes, so…a: uh-oh;it?s already 8:10. i?d better hurry.b: ooh, i hope you make it.3. question: what is the total round-trip fare for the children? a: may i help you?b: yeah, we?d like to get tickets from portland to long beach. a: when are you planning on going?b: we were thinking of going the week of june 15th.a: gook. that?s far enough in advance to take advantage ofoursupersaver fares. if you purchase your tickets thirty days in advance, it will only cost $240 round trip.b: $240. that sounds good.a: how many people are in your party?b: there?s my wife and me, plus our two kids.a: ooh, we have a special discount available for our young travelers. let?s see, kids under twelve fly for half price and those under three can go for free.b: well, evelynne is six and renee is one.a: very good. let me check the computer to see which flights are open the week of the 15th.p32 exercise 41. it?s really easy to get to school from my house by bus.2. greenwich is very close to london.3. i take a 20-minute bus ride from home to work every day.4. i leave my house each day at 8 am.5. we?re going to hawaii for our next vacation.6. according to this, the train to vancouver will arrive in ten minutes.7. do i need a bakerloo or a victoria train to get to picadilly circus?8. how much is a ticket to baltimore an then back again?9. you need to take a #5 bus to the berman station. then,catch a #12.10. this bus is too crowded between 7am and 9am.p39 exercise 4 vocabulary in contextnarrator: 1. sentencedavid: yeah, good ?ole michael and betty were at it again all night. narrator: contextdavid: yeah, good ?ole michael and betty were at it again all night. ruth: were they breaking dishes again?david: no, i don?t think they have any dishes left after the last fight. they were yelling about his old girlfriend.narrator: sentencedavid: yeah, good ?ole michael and betty were at it again all night.narrator: 2. sentencedavid: if i move, he can jack up the price.narrator: contexttom: he doesn?t care if i?m unhappy. he wants me to move! i?ve lived in the building the longest, and with rent control, i pay half as much as they do. if i move, he can jack up the price. narrator: sentencedavid: if i move, he can jack up the price.narrator: 3. sentenceruth: how so?narrator: contextdavid: actually, as much as i like her, she?s also a problem.ruth: how so?david: her niece phones from out of state every sunday morning at 6:30 to check on her. the trouble is because she?s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.narrator: sentenceruth: how so?narrator: 4. sentencedavid: she?s more reliable than an alarm clock!narrator: contextdavid: the trouble is because she?s deaf, she screams into the phone, and it wakes me up.ruth: every sunday?narrator: sentencedavid: yes, and the sound of her voice goes right up through the floor. she?s more reliable than an alarm clock!narrator: 5. sentencedavid: poor old thing.narrator: contextdavid: it?s not her fault, poor old thing. she?s just very oldand her health isn?t good.narrator: sentencedavid: poor old thing.narrator: 6. sentencedavid: art, the guy who lives next door to mrs. anderson is sometimes such a pig.narrator: contextdavid: at least your neighbor put their garbage into the cans! art, the guy who lives next door to mrs. anderson is sometimes such a pig. he never seems to throw away his garbage. whenever i walk by his door i have to hold my nose.narrator: sentencedavid: art, the guy who lives next door to mrs. anderson is sometimes such a pig.【篇三：研究生英语听说教程(引进版)听力原文(上)】ss=txt>take on listening:listening and speaking strategieslesson 1exercise 1student: excuse me.counselor: yes?student: do i need to make an appointment to register for an esl class?counselor: no, but you first have to take a placement test.student: a test?counselor: we need to find out what your esl level is.student: oh, okay. where do i go to take the test?counselor: we will be giving the test tomorrow at 3 o‘clock in room 303. can you come then?student: yes.counselor: good. now, let me give you some forms to fill outso we can begin theregistration process. please write your name and address here, and your id number here. student: okay. what do i write under teacher and section?counselor: you can leave those blank. we‘ll fill it in tom orrow. exercise 2student a: i didn‘t really understand what ms. smith was saying about the id, the superego and the ego.student b: oh, that‘s easy. look here on page 53. the id is the part of our personality that wants instant gratification. the ego tries to help the id get what it wants, but in a logical and practical way. the superego is like the personality‘s police force. it monitors the id and the ego.student a: oh, i think i‘m getting it. you mean the id, ego and superego are all part of our personality?student b: right. they are all interacting.student a: do you think we‘ll need to give definitions?student b: i don‘t know. we may just have to match the names with the definitions. but we‘d better study this some more just to be safe.a: i can‘t believe it‘s closed. i‘ve got a class from 7 o‘clock to 10 o‘clock. what am i going to do?b: well, there are some food machines in the student union. you could always go there. a: no way! i tried that once last semester and i got as sick as a dog. there‘s got to be something better.b: well, we can go down to main street. there are a couple of places that i‘m sure are open.a: we‘d never make it back in time. it‘s already 6:40. i think i‘ll pass out if i don‘t get something. i came here right fro m work. i didn‘t have time to stop by my apartment.b: i think there‘s a stand in front of smith hall. you can at least get something warm there. a: well, i guess we don‘t have any other choice.b: yeah, it‘s either the canteen or three hours of listening to your stomach growl.teacher: good evening class. before we begin tonight‘s lesson.i want to remind you about next thursday‘s midterm. remember to review chapters one through eight in the book. you will be responsible for knowing all of the information in the chapters plus all of the other topics we have discussed in class. thistest will include multiple choice, true/false, and essay questions. you will not be able to use any books, notes or dictionaries.now, last week, i spoke about the importance of using note cards and visual aids to prepare your speeches. tonight i‘mgoing to talk about specific things that will help you with your speech delivery. please take careful notes so you can use those techniques to improve your speech delivery.the first and perhaps the most important element of good speech delivery is eye contact. it is extremely important, especially in the english-speaking world, to make eye contact with your entire audience. this may be very difficult for you if you come from a culture where making direct eye contact is a sign of disrespect. but, you really need to practice this skill until you are comfortable looking directly at all of your audience members when you are speaking to them. pleasenote that you need to look at the entire audience. please don‘t direct your attention to just one person or one side of the room, and really be sure not to stare into the eyes of anyone for too long of a period.next, you need to make sure that when you talk to your audience, you are enthusiastic about your topic and excited to share it with your audience. vitality is a way ofmaintaining the audience‘s attention and indicating to them that you firmly believe in what you are saying. volume, intonation, facial expressions, and gestures all add to the vitality of your speech. think abut a speaker you really liked.did he or she just stand there and read words from a piece of paper? no, of course not. probably the speaker was full of life and his or her energy forced you into becoming involved in caring about the topic of the speech.4.dr. stevens: ted, can i speak to you a minute?ted: yes, doctor stevens?dr. stevens: i finished reading your essay and before i return it to you, i was hoping you might be able to come in and speak with me about it.ted: oh, uh, okay, sure.\dr. stevens: can you come during my office hours?ted: i think so. when are they again?dr. stevens: tuesdays and thursdays from 3 o‘clock until 4:30. ted: that‘s no problem oh, wait a minute, i have football practice every day from 2 o‘clock until 5 o‘clock.dr. stevens: hmm. well, how about if we get together tomorrow right before class? ted: sure.5. you have reached the student union activity hotline. the following is a list of information and events for thursday, september 18.the student union is open from 7:00 a.m. until 11:30 p.m. the cafeteria will be serving breakfast from 7 o‘clock until 8:30, lunch from 11 o‘clock until 1 o‘clock, and dinner from 5 o‘clock until 7 o‘clock, the snack bar will be open from 9:00 a.m.—8:00 p.m.assembly member carole berg will be speaking on thetopic: ―parity pay for women: it‘s still not here.‖ assembly woman berg will speak in the oak room from 9 o‘clock. admission is free, and a question/answer period will follow.the student council will meet in room 27 from noon until 1:30. elections will be held for all major offices. all students are welcome.the campus folk dance club meets in the green room from 2o‘clock until 5 o‘clock today. all are welcome to attend; dance experience is not necessary.bette milder will be performing live in the campus corner cabaret. the show begins at 8 o‘clo ck. tickets are available at the ticket office. all seats are $7.00.tonight‘s movie, the experimental ―dial tones,‖ will be shown in the union theater at 7:00 and 9:00 p.m. tickets for both shows are $5.00 and are available at the ticket office.。

Chaper 1 Accounting in BusinessMultiple Choice Quiz1-c; 2-b; 3-d; 4-a; 5-aQuick StudyQS 1-1a-E; b-E; c-I; d-E; e-E; f-I; g-E; h-E; i-E; j-E; k-I; l-EQS 1-2GAAP: Generally Accepted Accounting PrinciplesImportance: GAAP are the rules that specify acceptable accounting practices.SEC: Securities and Exchange CommissionImportance: The SEC is charged by Congress to set accounting and reporting rules for organizations that sell ownership shares to the public. The SEC delegates part of this responsibility to the FASB.FASB: Financial Accounting Standards BoardImportance: FASB is an independent group of full-time members who are responsible for setting accounting and reporting rules.IASB: International Accounting Standards BoardImportance: Its purpose is to issue standards that identify preferred practices in the desire of harmonizing accounting practices across different countries. The vast majority of countries and financial exchanges support its activities and objectives.QS 1-3Accounting professionals practice in at least four main areas. These four areas, along with a listing of some work opportunities in each, are:1. Financial accountingPreparation; Analysis; Auditing (external); Consulting; Investigation2. Managerial accountingCost accounting; Budgeting; Auditing (internal); Consulting3. Tax accountingPreparation; Planning; Regulatory; Consulting; Investigation4. Accounting-relatedLending; Consulting; Analyst; Investigator; AppraiserQS 1-4Internal controls serve several purposes:They involve monitoring an organization’s activities to promote efficiency and to prevent wrongful use of its resources.They help ensure the validity and credibility of accounting reports.They are crucial for effective operations and reliable reporting.More generally, the absence of internal controls can adversely affect the effectiveness of domestic and global financial markets.QS 1-5a. Revenue recognition principleb. Cost principle (also called historical cost)c. Business entity principleQS 1-6The choice of an accounting method when more than one alternative method is acceptable often has ethical implications. This is because accounting information can have major impacts on individuals’ (and firms’) well-being.To illustrate, many companies base compensation of managers on the amount of reported income. When the choice of an accounting method affects the amount of reported income, the amount of compensation is also affected. Similarly, if workers in a division receive bonuses based on the d ivision’s income, its computation has direct financial implications for these individuals.QS 1-7a=125,000b=250,000c=125,000QS 1-8QS 1-9(a) Examples of business transactions that are measurable include:Selling products and services.Collecting funds from dues, taxes, contributions, or investments.Borrowing money.Purchasing products and services.(b) E xamples of business events that are measurable include:Decreases in the value of securities (assets).Bankruptcy of a customer owing money.Technological advances rendering patents (or other assets) worthless.An “act of God” (casualty) that destroys assets.QS 1-10a-B; b-I; c-B; d-CF; e-I; f-B; g-B; h-CF; i-OEExcisesExcise 1-1External users and some questions they seek to answer with accounting information include:1. Shareholders (investors), who seek answers to questions such as:a. Are resources owned by a business adequate to carry out plans?b. Are the debts owed excessive in amount?c. What is the current level of income (and its components)?2. Creditors, who seek answers for questions such as:a. Does the business have the ability to repay its debts?b. Can the business take on additional debt?c. Are resources sufficient to cover current amounts owed?3. Employees, who seek answers to questions such as:a. Is the business financially stable?b. Can the business afford to pay higher salaries?c. What are growth prospects for the organization?Excise 1-21. C 5. B2. C 6. A3. A 7. B4. A 8. BExcise 1-3a. Auditing professionals with competing audit clients are likely to learn valuable information about each client that the other clients would benefit from knowing. In this situation the auditor must take care to maintain the confidential nature of information about each client.b. Accounting professionals who prepare tax returns can face situations where clients wish to claim deductions they cannot substantiate. Also, clients sometimes exert pressure to use methods not allowed or questionable under the law. Issues of confidentiality also arise when these professionals have access to clients’ personal records.c. Managers face several situations demanding ethical decision making in their dealings with employees. Examples include fairness in performance evaluations, salary adjustments, and promotion recommendations. They can also include avoiding any perceived or real harassment of employees by the manager or any other employees. It can also include issues of confidentiality regarding personal information known to managers.d. Situations involving ethical decision making in coursework include performing independentwork on examinations and individually completing assignments/projects. It can also extend to promptly returning reference materials so others can enjoy them, and to properly preparing for class to efficiently use the time and question period to not detract from others’ instructional benefits.Excise 1-41-E; 2-G; 3-A; 4-C; 5-D; 6-B; 7-F; 8-HExcise 1-5a-S; b-C; c-S; d-C; e-C; f-P; g-SExcise 1-6a=180,000b=51,000c=139,000Excise 1-71-D; 2-G; 3-B; 4-F; 5-AExcise 1-8a-27,000b-221,607c. beginning balance is 73,000; ending balance is 149,000Excise 1-9a. Business purchases equipment (or some other asset) on credit.b. Business signs a note payable to extend the due date on an account payable.c. Business pays an account payable (or some other liability) with cash (or some other asset).d. Business purchases office supplies (or some other asset) for cash (or some other asset).e. Business incurs an expense that is not yet paid (for example, when employees earn wages that are not yet paid).f. Owner invests cash (or some other asset) in the business; OR, the business earns revenue and accepts cash (or another asset).g. Cash withdrawals (or some other asset) paid to the owner of the business; OR, the business incurs an expense paid in cash.Exercise 1-10Real AnswersIncome StatementFor Month Ended October 31Exercise 1-11Real AnswersStatement of Owner ’s Equity Exercise 1-12Real Answers Balance Sheet October 31AssetsCash $ 11 500 Account receivable 12 000 Office supplies 24 437 Land 46 000 Office equipment 18 000 Total assets $ 111 937LiabilitiesAccount payables $ 25 037 Total liabilities 25 037Owner ’s EquityKeisha King, Capital 86 900 Total liabilities and equity $ 111 937Exercise 1-13Real Answers Cash Flow Statement For Month Ended October 31Excise 1-141-O; 2-O; 3-F; 4-O; 5-O; 6-O; 7-F; 8-IProblem 1-1AProblem 1-2Aa. Cash 67,000Equipment 11,000I. Lopez, Capital 78,000Owner’s investmentb. Building 144,000Cash 15,000Notes Payable 129,000 Purchased building on cash and note payable c. Equipment 12,000Cash 12,000Purchased equipment on cashd. Supplies 1,000Equipment 1,700Account Payable 2,700Purchased supplies and equipment on credite. Advertising Expense 460Cash 460Paid announcement of opening on newspaper f. Account Receivable 2,400Revenue 2,400To record revenue for service provided on account g. Cash 4,000Revenue 4,000Received revenue on cashh. I. Lopez, Withdrawals 3,025Cash 3,025Cash withdrawal by owneri. Cash 1,800Account Receivables 1,800Partially received account receivablej. Account Payables 500Cash 500Partially paid account payablesk. Wages Expense 1,800Cash 1,800Paid wages of secretary’s。

Test for Chapter 1I. Choose the best answer. (20%)1. Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human__________A. contactB. communicationC. relationD. community2. Which of the following words is entirely arbitrary?A. treeB. typewriterC. crashD. bang3. The function of the sentence “Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade.” is__________.A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative4. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say“碎碎（岁岁）平安”as a means of controlling the forces which they believes feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. InterpersonalB. EmotiveC. PerformativeD. Recreational5. Which of the following property of language enables language users to overcome the barriers caused by time and place, due to this feature of language, speakers of a language are free to talk about anything in any situation?A. TransferabilityB. DualityC. DisplacementD. Arbitrariness6. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?—A nice day, isn’t it?— Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. EmotiveB. PhaticC. PerformativeD. Interpersonal7. __________ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user’s knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceB. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole8. When a dog is barking, you assume it is barking for something or at someone that exists hear and now. It couldn’t be sorrowful for some lost love or lost bone. This in dicates the design feature of __________.A. cultural transmissionB. productivityC. displacementD. duality9. __________ answers such questions as how we as infants acquire our first language.A. PsycholinguisticsB.Anthropological linguisticsC. SociolinguisticsD. Applied linguistics10. __________ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic theoryB. Practical linguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguisticsII. Decide whether the following statements are true or false. (10%)11. Language is a means of verbal communication. Therefore, the communication way used by the deaf-mute is not language.12. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.13. Speaking is the quickest and most efficient way of the human communication systems.14. Language is written because writing is the primary medium for all languages.15. We were all born with the ability to acquire language, which means the details of any language system can be genetically transmitted.16. Only human beings are able to communicate.17. F. de Saussure, who made the distinction between langue and parole in the early 20th century, was a French linguist.18. A study of the features of the English used in Shakespeare’s time is an example of the diachronic study of language.19. Speech and writing came into being at much the same time in human history.20. All the languages in the world today have both spoken and written forms.III. Fill in the blanks. (10%)21. Language, broadly speaking, is a means of __________ communication.22. In any language words can be used in new ways to mean new things and can be combined into innumerable sentences based on limited rules. This feature is usually termed __________.23. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is __________.24. Theory that primitive man made involuntary vocal noises while performing heavy work has been called the __________ theory.25. Linguistics is the __________ study of language.26. Modern linguistics is __________ in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.27. One general principle of linguistic analysis is the primacy of __________ over writing.28. The description of a language as it changes through time is a __________ study.29. Saussure put forward two important concepts. __________ refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.30. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure’s langue and Chomsky’s __________.IV. Explain the following terms, using examples. (20%)31. Design feature32. Displacement33. Competence34. Synchronic linguisticsV. Answer the following questions. (20%)35. Why do people take duality as one of the important design features of human language? Can you tell us what language will be if it has no such design feature? （南开大学，2004）36. Why is it difficult to define language? （北京第二外国语大学，2004）VI. Analyze the following situation. (20%)37. How can a linguist make his analysis scientific? （青岛海洋大学，1999）。

英语同步练习册及答案### English Practice Workbook and SolutionsChapter 1: Vocabulary EnhancementExercise 1: Word FormsTask: Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the word given in brackets.1. The (adjective) of the river is breathtaking, especially at sunrise.2. She is an (noun) in the field of environmental science.3. The (verb) of the old building is a matter of great concern.4. The (adverb) he spoke was clear and concise.Answers:1. Beauty2. Expert3. Demolition4. WayExercise 2: Synonyms and AntonymsTask: Write the synonym or antonym of the given word.1. Synonym of "brave": Courageous2. Antonym of "humble": Arrogant3. Synonym of "innovative": Creative4. Antonym of "joy": SorrowChapter 2: Grammar MasteryExercise 1: TensesTask: Rewrite the sentences in the past continuous tense.1. She was reading a book when the phone rang.2. They were playing soccer in the park.3. The children were flying kites in the field.Answers:1. She was reading a book when the phone was ringing.2. They were playing soccer in the park.3. The children were flying kites in the field.Exercise 2: ConditionalsTask: Complete the sentences with the correct conditional form.1. If it (rain) tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.2. She (study) harder if she had more time.3. They (travel) to Japan if they won the lottery.Answers:1. If it rains tomorrow, we will cancel the picnic.2. She would study harder if she had more time.3. They would travel to Japan if they won the lottery.Chapter 3: Reading ComprehensionExercise 1: Main IdeaTask: Read the passage and identify the main idea.Passage:"The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only one page." - Saint AugustineTask: What is the main idea of the quote?Answer:The main idea is the importance of travel in gaining a broader perspective and understanding of the world.Exercise 2: InferenceTask: Read the passage and make an inference about theauthor's view.Passage:"The only journey is the one within." - Rainer Maria RilkeTask: What can be inferred about the author's view on travel?Answer:The author seems to suggest that personal growth and self-discovery are more important than physical travel.Chapter 4: Writing SkillsExercise 1: Letter WritingTask: Write a formal letter of complaint to a hotel regarding a recent stay.Template:Dear [Hotel Manager],I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with my recent stay at your hotel from [dates]. During my stay, I encountered several issues that I believe you should be made aware of.Firstly, the room I was allocated was not up to the standard I expected from a hotel of your reputation. The [specific issue]. This was not only inconvenient but also detracted from the overall experience.Secondly, the service I received was not satisfactory. The [specific issue]. This lack of attention to customer service is disappointing, especially considering the high rates charged.I would appreciate it if you could look into these matters and provide a suitable resolution. I am looking forward to your prompt response.Yours faithfully,[Your Name]Exercise 2: Essay WritingTask: Write an essay on the topic "The Impact of Technologyon Modern Society."Introduction:In recent years, technology has become an integral part ofour daily lives. It has revolutionized the way we communicate, work, and even think. However, this rapid advancement hasalso raised concerns about its impact on modern society.Body:The positive aspects of technology include increased efficiency, connectivity, and access to information. It has enabled us to connect with people across the globe, work remotely, and access vast amounts of knowledge at our fingertips.However, the negative impacts are also significant. Over-reliance on technology can lead to social isolation,decreased physical activity, and a loss of privacy. Additionally, the digital divide has created disparities in access to technology, exacerbating existing inequalities.Conclusion:In conclusion, while technology has undoubtedly brought about many benefits, it is essential to address its negative consequences. A balanced approach that maximizes theadvantages while mitigating the drawbacks is necessary for a harmonious integration of technology into our lives.。

Chapter One Exercise 2I. Fill in the blanks.1. Language has many functions. We can use language to talk about itself. This function is metalingual function.2. Modern linguistic is descriptive in the sense that the linguist tries to discover what language is rather than lay down some rules for people to observe.3.The description of a language as it changes through time is a diachronic linguistic study.4. Saussure put forward two important concepts. langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all members of a speech community.5. Linguistic potential is similar to Saussure's langue and Chomsky's competence.6. Chomsky defines “competence” as the ideal user’s Knowledge of the rules of his language.7. The discipline that studies the rules governing the formation of words into permissible sentences in languages is called syntax.II. Choose the best answer.1. A linguist regards the changes in language and languages use as _____.A. unnaturalB. something to be fearedC. naturalD. abnormal2. _____ is a grammatical description of a language specially designed as an aid to teaching that language to native or foreign learners.A. Descriptive grammarB. Prescriptive grammarC. Pedagogical grammarD. Universal grammar3. In Chinese when someone breaks a bowl or a plate the host or the people present are likely to say sui sui ping an (every year be safe and happy) as ameans of controlling the forces which the believers feel might affect their lives. Which functions does it perform?A. Interpersonal.B. Emotive.C. Performative.D. Recreational.4. The function of the sentence "Water boils at 100 degrees Centigrade" is _____.A. interrogativeB. directiveC. informativeD. performative5. Study the following dialogue. What function does it play according to the functions of language?- A nice day, isn't it?- Right! I really enjoy the sunlight.A. Emotive.B. Phatic.C. Performative.D. Interpersonal6. Which branch of linguistics studies the similarities and differences among languages?A. Diachronic linguistics.B. Synchronic linguistics.C. Prescriptive linguistics.D. Comparative linguistics.7. _____ refers to the actual realization of the ideal language user's knowledge of the rules of his language in utterances.A. PerformanceB. CompetenceC. LangueD. Parole8. _____ deals with language application to other fields, particularly education.A. Linguistic geographyB. SociolinguisticsC. Applied linguisticsD. Comparative linguistics9. 9. If a linguistic study describes and analyzes the language people actually use, it is said to be _______.A. prescriptiveB. analyticC. descriptiveD. linguisticIII. Decide whether the following statements are true [T] or false [F]. 1. Prescriptive linguistics is more popular than descriptive linguistics,because it can tell us how to speak correct language.2. Competence and performance refer respectively to a language user's underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete situations.3. By diachronic study we mean to study the changes and development of language.ngue is relatively stable and systematic while parole is subject to personal and situational constraints.5. Language change is universal, ongoing and arbitrary.6. In language classrooms nowadays the grammar taught to students is basically descriptive, and more attention is paid to the developing learners' communicative skills.7. Phonetics is different from phonology in that the latter studies the combinations of the sounds to convey meaning in communication.8. Compe tence and performance refer respectively to a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules and the actual use of language in concrete.9. There is universal agreement about the origin of language.10. With different cultures there will be different languages.11. Saussure' s exposition of synchronic analysis led to the school of historical linguistics.12. Applied linguistics is the application of linguistic principles and theories to language teaching and learning.Ⅳ.Define the following terms1. metlanguage2. macrolinguistics3. competence4. performance5. langue6. parole7. Synchronic8. diachronic1.Metlanguage: certain kinds of linguistic signs or terms for the analysis and description of particular studies.2.Macrolinguistics: the interacting study between language and language--- related disciplines such as psychology, sociology, ethnography, science of law and artificial intelligence etc. Branches of macrolinguistics include psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, anthropological linguistics, etc.petence: It is a language user’s underlying knowledge about the system of rules.4.Performance: It refers to the actual use of language in concrete situationsngue: It refers to the linguistic competence of the speaker.6.Parole: It refers to the actual use of language in concrete situations7.A synchronic description takes a fixed instant (usually, but not necessarily, the present) as its point of observation. Most grammars are of this kind.8.Diachronic linguistics is the study of a language through the course of its history。