abandon vt.抛弃；放弃=forsake, desert；give up n.放纵；沉溺with abandon=unrestraint
abandoned adj.被抛弃的，废置的=empty, deserted
abandonment n. 抛弃；放弃
abbreviate vt.缩短=shorten, cut vt.缩写
abbreviated adj.简短的
abbreviation n.缩写；缩写词
abide vi.遵守abide by=follow, comply with, observe vt.忍受=endure, put up with, bear, tolerate
abiding adj.持久的=enduring
ability n.能力，才干=capacity, skill
inability n.无能，无力
capability n.（实际）能力，性能，容量
variability n.可变性
viability n. 生存能力；可行性
ablaze adj.闪耀的；燃烧的=radiant, bright；burning
blazing adj.炽烧的，闪耀的
abnormal adj.反常的，异常的；变态的=anomalous, unusual
normal adj.正常的，正规的，标准的
normally adv.正常地
abolish vt.废除，取消=eliminate, annul
abolition n.废除，革除
abolitionist n. 废奴主义者
abort n.中止计划（任务）=stop
abound vi.充满；富于abound in=be full of，be plentiful
abrasion n.磨（擦）破；表面磨损=scratch, friction
abrasive adj.研磨的
abrupt adj.突然的，意外的=sudden, unforeseen
abruptly adv.突然地
absenteeism n.旷课；旷工
absent adj.缺少的；不在的，缺席的=missing；not present
absence n.缺乏，没有；不在，缺席
absentee n.缺席者
absolute adj.完全的；绝对的=utter，complete；definite
absolutely adv.完全地；绝对地=utterly，definitely
absorb vt. 吸收（液体等）；吸取（知识等）=take in, receive
absorption n.吸收=assimilation, reception
abstract adj.抽象的=theoretical n/vt. 摘要，提炼=summary
abstraction n.抽象概念=concept，idea
absurd adj.荒谬的，可笑的=preposterous, ridiculous, foolish
abundant adj.丰富的，充裕的；大量的=plentiful, profuse
abundantly adv.丰富地=in great numbers, amply
abundance n.丰富，充裕=profusion, richness
abuse n.（权利等的）滥用；（物品的）不精心使用；虐待（人）=misuse
abut vi. 邻接，毗邻abut to=adjoin, be close to
academic adj.学术的；学院的；理论的=scholarly；collegiate；theoretical
academician n.学会会员；院士；学者
accelerate v.加快，加速=speed up, hasten，increase
accelerated adj.加速的，迅速的=rapid
acceleration n.加速度
decelerate V.（使）减速
access n./v.接触，接近（的机会）have access to=approach n.入口，通道=entrance，entry
accessible adj.可接近的；可得到的=available, approachable；attainable
accessibility n.易接近；可达到
accessory n.附件，零件
accidental adj.意外的，偶然的=unexpected, unforeseen
accidentally adv. 意外地，偶然地=inadvertently, by chance
accident n.意外事件，事故
acclaim n.赞誉，赞许=recognition, praise vt.喝彩，欢呼；称赞=hail, applaud
acclaimed adj. 受赞誉的，受人欢迎的
accommodate v
t.为提供食宿，容纳；与相适应
accommodation n.住处
accommodating adj.乐于助人的
accompany vt.陪伴，伴随；伴奏=travel with, be associated with
accompanying adj.陪伴的，伴随的=attendant, concomitant
accompaniment n.伴奏
accomplish vt.完成，达到，实现=achieve
accomplishment n.成就=achievement, fulfillment
accomplished adj.精通的，熟练的=skilled, experienced
accordion n.手风琴
account n.记述；说明，解释=report, description n.户头；账目open an account
on account of 由于...，因为...=because of, due to
take account of 考虑到；体谅
take into account 重视，考虑
account for 解释
accounting n.会计学
accountant n.会计员，会计师
accredit vt.委派；授权=authorize, commission
accumulate vi.堆积，积聚；积累=pile up, collect
accumulated adj.积聚的
accumulation n.积聚=accretion, concentration
accurate adj.准确的，正确的=precise, correct
accuracy n.精确性，正确度
accurately adv.正确地
inaccurate adj.错误的
accuse vt.指责，归咎=blame, condemn
accusation n.谴责；控告=indictment, charge
accustomed adj.习惯了的accustomed to=habitual to, used to
achieve vt.完成，实现=accomplish, fulfill
achievement n.成就，功绩=feat, accomplishment
acid n.酸 adj. 酸的=sour, tart adj. 尖酸的，刻薄的=harsh, tart
acidic adj.酸的，酸性的
acidity n.酸度，酸性
acquaint vt.熟悉；使了解acquaint with=inform about
acquaintance n.熟人
acquisition n.获得；得到的人（或东西）=acquirement, attainment
acquire vt.获得，学到=obtain, secure
acronym n.首字母缩写词=abbreviation
actually adv.实际上，事实上=truly, really, in fact
actual adj.实际的，现行的=true, real
activate vt.刺激，使活动=encourage, stimulate
actuate vt.开动，促使=set in motion, motivate
actively adv.活跃地，积极地=energetically, vigorously
acute adj. 灵敏的，敏锐的=keen, penetrating adj.（事情）剧烈的；很严重的=intense；critical, severe
acumen n.敏锐，聪明=acuteness, insight
adapt v.（使）适应，调整；改编=adjust, modify
adaptation n.改编，改写；适应环境=modification, adjustment
adaptable adj.能适应的，适应能力强的=flexible, pliant
adaptive adj.适合的；适应的
addict vt.使沉溺，使上瘾be addicted to=indulge in, be devoted to n.上瘾者
addictive adj.（使人）上瘾的
additive n.添加剂=addition, supplement adj. 加法的
additional adj.另外的，附加的，额外的=further, extra
in addition to 除..之外
adept adj.熟练的，擅长的=competent, skilled
adequate adj.足够的，充足的=sufficient, enough
inadequate adj. 不充分的
adhere vi.黏附，粘牢adhere to=stick, cling vi. 追随，坚持adhere to=follow
adhesive n.粘着物=glue, paste adj. 粘着的=sticky, glutinous
adjacent adj.毗连的，邻近的=neighboring, nearby
adjoin vt.毗连，
邻近=be next to, border on
adjoining adj.毗邻的=neighboring, adjacent
adjunct n. 附件，附属=addition, accessory
adjust vt.调整；使适于=adapt, regulate
adjustment n.调整
administer vt.管理=govern, supervise
administration n.经营，管理=management, supervision n.当局，政府=directors, executives
administrative adj.管理的；行政的
administrator n.管理者；行政官
admire vt.钦佩，崇拜；欣赏=esteem, be impressed；appreciate
admiration n. 钦佩，赞美
admiring adj. 赞赏的
admit vt.准许，接纳=give access to, allow entrance to vt.承认=acknowledge, accept
admittedly adv.公认地；诚然，无可否认地=doubtlessly, surely
adobe n.泥砖，土坯=clay, brick
adopt vt.采用，采纳=accept, take on vt.收养=raise
adoption n.采用
adorn vt.装饰=decorate, embellish, ornament
adornment n.装饰；装饰品=embellishment, decoration
unadorned adj.未装饰的，朴实的=plain, unembellished
advance vt.提高，发展；提升=further, progress vt.提出=propose, suggest vi.前进=proceed, move forward n.前进，进步=improvement, progress
in advance 预先，提前
advancement n.进展；提升=progress：promotion
advanced adj.高级的；年老的；先进的
advent n.（尤指不寻常的人或事）出现，到来=coming, appearance
adventure n.冒险经历=risk, venture
adventurous adj.喜欢冒险的，敢做敢为的=valiant, venturesome
adventurer n.冒险家
adverse adj.负面的，不利的=ill, disadvantageous adj.敌对的，相反的=hostile, antagonistic
adversely adv.相反地；不利地=negatively, detrimentally
adversity n.不幸，灾难=misfortune, mishap
advocate n.提倡者，主张者=champion, proponent vt.拥护，主张=urge, preach, support
aesthetic adj.美学的，审美的
anesthetic n.麻醉剂
affect v.影响；假装
affected adj.装模作样的
affection n.友爱，挚爱，情爱=fondness, love
affective adj.感情的，表达感情的=sentimental
affectionate adj.亲爱的，挚爱的=loving
affiliate vt.使隶属；接纳为成员affiliate with=associate；incorporate
affinity n.紧密关系=connection, relationship n.吸引；喜爱=attraction；liking
affirm vt.断言；证实，确认=assert；confirm
afflict vt.折磨；使苦恼=plague, suffer, torment
affliction n.痛苦，苦恼=problem, suffering, pain
affluent adj.富有的，丰富的
afford vt.付得起；冒险做=pay；risk vt.提供=provide, give
affordable adj.负担得起的，便宜的
agenda n.日程，议程=schedule
aggravate vt.使恶化，使加重=worsen, exacerbate
aggravating adj.恼人的，讨厌的=irritating, annoying
aggregate n.总数=total, sum n.聚集体，集合体=combination n.总数=total，sum
aggregation n. 集合，群体
aggressive adj. 自信的；大胆的和积极进取的=enterprising, powerful adj. 好斗的，有敌意的=combative, hostile
aggressiveness n.侵略；争斗
agile adj.敏捷的，活
泼轻快的=nimble, brisk
agility n.敏捷，活泼
fragile adj.易碎的，脆的
fragility n.脆弱
aging n.老化，成熟的过程
agitation n.焦虑，不安；煽动=anxiety, disturbance
agreeable adj.（指计划等）使人愉快的，合意的=pleasing, acceptable adj. 容易相处的=affable, friendly
disagreeable adj.不令人喜欢的，令人厌恶的
ailment n.疾病（尤指轻病、小病）=sickness, illness, affliction
aim n. 目标，计划=objective, object, plan vi. 针对；打算，意欲aim at=direct towards
air n. 空气，空中=atmosphere vt. 晾干，使通风=ventilate, aerate
airborne adj.空气传播的；空运的，空降的=aloft, flying, in the air
airstream n.（尤指与飞机前进方向相反的）气流
ajar adj.（门窗等）微开的=half-open
akin adj.同族的；类似的
akin to 有密切关系的=related；similar
alchemy n.炼金术
alchemist n.炼金术士，炼丹家
alder n.赤杨树（一种植物木材，用于雕刻、制作家具等）
alert adj.机敏的=wary，vigilant vt.警报；使随时掌握，了解=warn, alarm n.警戒，警报
algae n.海藻
alien adj.相异的；陌生的=strange, unfamiliar
salient adj.显著的，突出的
alignment n.排列；联合，联盟=arrangement；association, alliance
alike adj.相同的，相似的=similar, resembling
all but 几乎=almost, nearly
allegation n.宣称，主张，断言
allegory n.寓言 parable, fable
alliteration n.（诗歌的）头韵
allocate vt.分配
alloy n.合金=mixture vt.使成合金=mix
allude vi.暗指，影射，间接提到=imply, refer to
ally n.联盟；同盟者=confederate, partner, collaborator v.结盟 combine
rally n.集会
aloft adv.在高处；在空中=airborne, in flight
alone adj./v.单独的（地）=solitary；by oneself
aloof adj.远离的；冷淡的，漠不关心的=separate, remote；indifferent
alter vt.改变，修改=modify, change, convert
alteration n.变更，改造=renovation, change
alternate adj.交替的，轮流的=intermittent, every other adj.替代的=alternative vi.交替，轮流=fluctuate, rotate, interchange
alternately adv.交替地，隔一个地=one after another
alternation n.交替，轮流
alternative adj.（两种或两种以上的东西中）另一可选的（事务），另外的（选择）=option, choice
altitude n.（海拔）高度=elevation, height
latitude n.纬度
platitude n.陈词滥调
amateur adj.业余的=nonprofessional, inexpert n.业余爱好者=nonprofessional, layman
amaze vt.使吃惊，使惊叹=stun, astonish, shock
amazing adj.令人惊异的=awesome, astounding, surprising
amazement n.惊愕，惊异=wonder, surprise
ambience n.周围环境，气氛=atmosphere, environment
ambitious adj.有雄心的，渴望成功的=aspiring, enterprising
ambition n.雄心，抱负=aspiration
ambivalent adj.有矛盾情绪的，举棋不定的=mixed, contradictory
ambivalence n.矛盾心理=conflicting feelin
gs, vacillation
amble vi.漫步，缓行 =ramble, roam
scramble vt.搅乱，使混杂
amenable adj.顺从的；应服从的=submissive, tractable
amendment n.改正，修正=correction, revision
Amendment n.宪法修正案
amend vt.改正，修正=revise, change
amenity n.pl.生活福利设施，文娱康乐场所 n.（不可数）愉快，适意
amid prep.在…中=in the middle of, among
pyramid n.金字塔；金字塔现象/形状
amnesia n.健忘症
amount n.量，总合=quantity, sum vi. 总计；等于amount to=total, reach
paramount adj.最重要的，最高权力的
ample adj.富足的，充足的=abundant, plentiful, sufficient
trample vt.践踏，踩坏=destroy
amplify vt.放大；扩大；增强=enlarge；expand；strengthen
amplification n. 扩大
an army of 大群的，大量的=a large number of
analogy n.类比，类推=comparison n.类此物=parallel, similarity
analogous adj.类似的=comparable, similar
analyze vt.分析，分解=diagnose, examine
analysis n.分析；分析报告=study, investigation
psychoanalysis n.心理分析
anarchist n.无政府主义者 rebel
anatomy n.解剖；解剖学=dissection
ancestor n.祖先,祖宗=forefather, forebear
ancestry n.家系，血统=descent, origin
ancestral adj.祖先的，祖传的
anecdotal adj.轶闻的，多轶闻趣闻的
anecdote n.短故事，轶事=episode, story
anesthesia n.麻醉
anesthetic n.麻醉剂，麻药
angular adj.有角的，尖角的
rectangular n.矩形的，成直角的
triangular adj.三角形的
animated adj.栩栩如生的，动画的；活泼的，生动的=lively, vigorous, vivacious
annex vt.兼并，吞并，附加=append, add
annihilate vt.消灭，歼灭；消减=conquer, destroy, demolish
announce vt.宣布，发表，通告=herald, give out, proclaim
announcement n.宣告，发表
announcer n.广播员；报幕员
annoy vt.使恼怒；打扰=disturb, irritate
annoying adj.恼人的，讨厌的；使人愤怒的=bothersome, troublesome, irritating
annual adj.每年的=yearly (adj.)
annually adv.一年一次，每年=yearly (adv.)
anomaly n.异常，不规则；异常的人或物=aberration, abnormality
anonymous adj.匿名的=unknown, nameless
anthem n.圣歌，赞美诗=song, hymn
anthology n.诗集，文选=collection
anthropology n.人类学
antibiotics n.抗生素=antibacterial
antibiotic adj.抗菌的，抗生的
anticipate vt.预期，预料=expect, predict
anticipation n.期望，预料
antiquate vt.使古旧，废弃
antiquated adj.陈旧的，过时的=old-fashioned, obsolete
antique n.古董=relic, curio adj. 古时的，陈旧的=old, archaic, ancient
antiquity n.古迹；古物=relic n. 古代=ancient times n. 古老
antiseptic n.杀菌剂，防腐剂=bactericide
anxious adj.渴望的；担忧的
anxiously adv.忧虑地=eager, keen；worried
apart from 除…之外 except for, aside from
apologize vi.道歉=beg pardon
apology n.道歉，歉意
apologetic adv. 道歉的=re
gret
appeal n.吸引力=attraction；charm vi. 吸引appeal to=attract, fascinate vi. 上诉，申诉appeal to=challenge
appealing adj.动人的，媚人的=attractive, charming
appetite n.胃口，食欲=desire
applaud vi.喝彩，欢呼=clap, acclaim
application n.申请 n.施用，运用；作用，影响
apply vt.涂抹；充当，使用=exert vi.应用，适用（apply to=use for） vi. 申请apply for/to
applicant n.申请人
appliance n.用具，器具
appointment n.约会 n.指定=arrangement
disappointment n.失望
appoint vt.任命，选派=designate, nominate
apportion vt.（按比例或计划）分配=istribute, allot
appraisal n.评价，估价=assessment, evaluation
appreciable adj.(数量或变化)很大的，值得重视的=onsiderable, perceptible
appreciate vt.赏识；鉴赏=admire, value vt. 感激=be grateful for
appreciation n.欣赏；口味，兴趣=recognition；taste
apprentice n.学徒，徒弟；见习生 vt.令人当学徒
approach n.方法=access, method vt. 接近，靠近=near
approaching adj.接近的，逼近的=impending
appropriate adj.适当的，恰当的=apt, proper, suitable
appropriately vt.拨款 adv. 适当地=allocate
appropriation n.拨款=funding, allotment
approve vt.批准=sanction, ratify vi. 赞成，同意approve of=endorse
approval n.赞成，正式批准=sanction, endorsement
disapproval n.不赞成
approximate v.接近，近似=approach adj. 大约的，估计的=estimated, rough
approximately adv.近似地，大约=about, roughly
apt adj.恰当的，贴切的=appropriate, suitable adj. 易于…的=likely
aptly adv.适当地，得体地
aquatic adj.水生的，水栖的=watery
aquarium n.水族馆
arbitrary adj.专横的，专制的，武断的
Arbitrarily adv.专横地=dictatorial, autocratic
arboreal adj.树栖的；树的=tree-dwelling；treelike
archaeologist n.考古学家
archaeology n.考古学
archaeological adj.考古学的，考古学上的
ethnoarchaeology n.种族文化考古学，文学群落考古学
architect n.建筑师
architecture n.建筑；建筑学
architectural adj.建筑上的；建筑学的
ardent adj.热烈投入的，极热心的=passionate, zealous, enthusiastic
arduous adj.费力的，艰难的=difficult, strenuous, hard
arena n.竞技场，舞台
aria n.独唱曲，咏叹调
arid adj.干旱的；贫瘠的=dry；barren, infertile
semiarid adj.雨量非常少的，半干旱的
arithmetic n.算术
armor n.装甲；装甲车=shield
armored adj.披甲的，装甲的
arms n.武器，兵种=weapon
armory n.兵工厂，军械库；纹章学=arsenal
aroma n.香气，芬芳，芳香=fragrance, scent
aromatic adj.芬芳的=fragrant
arouse vt.刺激，激起；唤醒=excite, stimulate；awake
arrange vt.计划，准备=plan, schedule vt. 整理，摆放=put together, organize
arrangement n.排列，安排=composition, order
an array of （排列整齐的）一批；一系列；大量=collection；large number
arsenal
n.兵工厂，军械库=armory
arthritis n.关节炎
article n.论文，文章=essay, editorial n. 物品=object, item n.条款
particle n.点，微粒
articulate vt.清楚地讲话，清晰地发音=enunciate, pronounce adj. 善于言辞的；表达清晰的=clear
particulate adj.微小的
artificial adj.人造的，人工的=synthetic, man-made, unreal adj.虚假的，矫揉造作的
artisan n.手工业工人，手艺人
as far as 就...来说；远及
as such 就象这样做，就本身而论
as a rule 通常，总的来说=usually, generally
as a rule of thumb 大概来说
ascend vt.（渐渐）上升，升高；攀登=climb, mount
ascending adj.上升的，向上的=climbing, rising
ascent n.攀登，上升
ascribe vt.把…归于ascribe to=assume to be true, attribute to
aspect n.(问题等的)方面；(事物的)一部分=respect；facet n.观点，角度=perspective, viewpoint
aspiring adj.有抱负的,有理想的,积极向上的=ambitious, enthusiastic
aspiration n.雄心，抱负=ambition, longing
assault n.（武力上的）袭击;（口头上的）攻击=attack, onslaught
assemble vt.集合，装配=put together, gather vi. 聚集=congregate, convene
assembly n.集会；参加集会的人们（译成...大会，...议会）=gathering, meeting n. 装配，安装
assembly line 装配线，流水线
assemblage n.集合，组合
assert vt.声称，坚持=emphatically state, declare
assess vt.估计，分析，评估=estimate, judge
assessment n.估价，评估
asset n.assets 财产，资产=properties n. 优势；重要的品质=advantage
cassette n.盒式磁带
videocassette n.录像带
assignment n.任务，作业=task, job n. 分配=distribution, appointment
assimilate vt.学习，吸收（知识）=understand, grasp vt. 吃，吸收（食物或营养）=absorb
assistant n.助手，助教=helper, aide adj.辅助的，助理的
assist vt.援助，帮助=help
assistance n.协助，援助
assistantship n.（大学）研究生助教奖学金
associate v.关联，联合associate with=pertain to, connect to n.伙伴=comrade adj. 准的/副的（比正职低一级）
association n. 关联，联合=alliance, connection n.协会=club, union
assorted adj.各式各样的，多样混合的=varied, miscellaneous
assortment n.各类物品的聚集，混合物=variety, conglomerate
assume vt.假定，设想=suppose, presume vt. 承担(责任)；采用(形式或姿势)=take on, bear
assumption n.假设；就职；确信的想法=hypothesis, supposition；instalment
assure vt.巩固，确保；向…保证，使确信=solidify；guarantee, convince
assuredly adv.确实地，确信地=certainly, undoubtedly
reassure vt.使...安心，打消...疑虑
astonish vt.使惊讶=surprise, shock
astonished adj.惊讶的
astonishing adj.（某事或物）惊人的，奇迹的=astounding, miraculous
astound vt.使惊异=surprise, shock
astounding adj.令人吃惊的
astronomy n.天文学
astronomer n.天文学
家
astronomical adj.天文学的=celestial
astute adj.机敏的，精明的=shrewd, judicious
asymmetrical adj.不均匀的，不对称的=unbalanced, uneven
at intervals 不时；相隔一段距离
at the cutting edge of 在…前线（指巨大进步或极其重要的状态或位置）
at one session 一下子，一次性
atheist n.无神论者=nonbeliever
theist n.有神论者
athlete n.运动员=sportsman
atmosphere n.空气；大气；气氛
atom n.原子
atomic adj.原子的；微小的
atomization n.原子化；雾化
atrophy n.萎缩；萎缩症=shrinkage
attachment n.依恋，喜欢=preference, affection, love n. 附件，附加装置，配属=accessory, adjunct
attach vt.系，缚=fasten, annex
attached adj.附加的，附属的
attain vt.达到，获得=accomplish, achieve
attainment n.成就=fulfillment, achievement
attempt n./vi.尝试=try, endeavor；effort
attend vt.参加；入学=be present at, go to n.照顾（病人）；照料，料理=take care of,tend
attendant n.侍者，护理人员=aide, servant adj. 伴随的=accompanying
attendance n.出席，出席的人数
attire n.盛装，穿着=clothing, dress
attorney n.代理人，辩护律师=lawyer
attractive adj.吸引人的，有魅力的=appealing, pleasing, inviting, intriguing, tempting
attract vt.吸引；引起注意=lure, allure
attraction n.吸引；吸引人的事物=affinity, appeal
attribute n.属性，品质=characteristic, trait vi. 把…归于，归因于attribute to=identify as, ascribe to
audience n.听众，观众=spectator, viewer
audit vt.旁听
audible adj.听得见的=perceptible, discernible
auditorium n.大礼堂
audition n.（对艺人的）面试（试演/试唱）=tryout, test
auger n.螺丝钻，钻孔机
augment vt.增加，增大=increase, enlarge
aurora n.极光=auroral light
authentic adj.真迹的，真的；可靠的，确实的=genuine, real；valid, trustworthy
authenticate vt.证明（某物）为真=verify, confirm
authority n.权力，权限；（某领域的）权威人士=jurisdiction, power n.authorities 当局=officials, government
authorize vt. 授权，批准=empower, commission
autobiography n.自传
autobiographical adj.自传的，自传体的
biography n.传记
automatic adj.（尤指机器）自动(化)的；（人）无意识的，机械的
automated adj.自动的=mechanical, automatic
automatically adv.自动地=automated, mechanized；involuntary
autonomy n. 自治，自治权=independence, liberty
autonomous adj.自治的，独立的=independent, self-governing
auxiliary adj.辅助的；补充的=aiding；supplementary
available adj.自由的，有空的=free adj.可利用的，可得到的=obtainable, accessible
avalanche n.雪崩=snowslide
avant-garde n.先锋派(艺术流派)；先锋，前卫=vanguard, cutting edge
average adj.一般的，通常的；平庸的=typical；mediocre n.平均水平；平均数=mean vt.平均为
aversion n.厌恶，憎恨=opposition, dis
like
averse adj.反对的，不愿意的=opposed, unwilling
avert vt.转移；避免，规避=prevent, avoid
aviation n.航空；航空学=flying, flight；aeronautics
aviator n.飞行家
avid adj.渴望的；急切的；贪婪的=eager；enthusiastic
avocation n.（个人）副业；业余爱好=sideline；hobby
avocational adj.副业的，嗜好的
avoid vt.躲避，规避=shield away from, shun, prevent
avoidable adj.可避免的
avoidance n.避免
awareness n.察觉；觉悟；意识+of/+that=realization, consciousness
awkward adj.笨拙的，不灵活的=clumsy, inept
awkwardly adv.(见到生人)局促不安地，笨拙地
axis n.轴；轴心=shaft, pivot
baby-sitter n.临时保姆，代人照顾婴儿者
bachelor n.（文理）学士（学位）；单身汉=unmarried men
back and forth 来来回回，来回地=backwards and forwards, to and fro
backbone n.骨干，支柱=support, mainstay n. 脊椎，中枢=spine
backdrop n.舞台背景；背景=background, setting
baggage n.行李=luggage, packing
balance n.平衡=equilibrium, symmetry, stability vt.使平衡，使均衡=equilibrate
balanced adj.均衡的；平稳的
imbalance n.不平衡，不均衡
overbalance vi. 失去平衡
bald adj.秃头的；光秃的=hairless
bald eagle 白头海雕（美国国鸟）
balloon n.气球
balloonist n.气球驾驶者
ban vt.禁止，查禁=prohibit, proscribe
banner n.旗帜，标语，横幅=flag, sign
bang v. 发出砰的一声，重击
Cuban n./adj. 古巴人；古巴（人）的
band n. 乐队；队=orchestra；team n.（光或颜色的）带；带子=strip, ribbon, belt vi.联合，集合=unite, ally
bandleader n.乐队指挥
bandmaster n.乐队指挥
bandanna n.大手帕
bankruptcy n.破产
bankrupt adj.破产了的 v.（使）破产
bar n.酒吧 n.条，棒；栅=strip, stick n.律师业
snack bar 快餐店
bar code 条形码
barb n.（鱼钩等的）倒钩；倒刺
barbed wire 带倒钩的铁丝（铁丝网）
barbecue n.吃烤肉的野餐
barber n. 理发师=haircutter, shaver
bare adj.无遮蔽的，赤裸的，光（秃）的=naked, nude adj.仅有的，勉强的
barely adv.仅仅=just, only adv.几乎不能=hardly, scarcely
barge n.驳船=flatboat
bark n.树皮=outer covering, skin n./vi.狗叫，咆哮=yelp, howl
barn n.谷仓；畜棚
baroque adj.【建】巴洛克式的（有繁华的装饰和复杂的形式）；（艺术，建筑等）高度装饰的，过分雕琢的=embellished, elaborate
barrel n.桶=vessel
barren adj.贫瘠的；荒凉的=infertile；desolate
barrenness n.荒凉
barrier n.屏障，障碍；栅栏=obstacle, hindrance；hurdle
barter n./v.物品交换，易货贸易=trade, exchange
basement n.地下室=cellar, storage room
basin n.盆；盆地
bead n.珠子=pearl；（液体）小滴=drops, droplet
beaded adj.以珠装饰的，珠状的
beak n.鸟嘴=nib
beam n.大梁=rafter, brace n.（光线的）束，柱=ray
girder n.钢结构大梁
bear vt.负担
，支撑=support, sustain vt.具有，带有=carry, have vt.生产，生育=yield, give birth n.熊
polar bear 北极熊
grizzly bear 灰熊
unbearable adj.无法忍受的，承受不住的=unendurable, intolerable
forebear n.祖先，祖宗
beard n.胡须
beat v.打击，敲击=whip, strike v.打败，战胜=defeat adj.疲倦的=exhausted, tired, worn out n.拍子
bedrock n.基础；基石=foundation, basis
on behalf of 代表…，作为…的代表=represent
behavior n.举止，行为=conduct, manner
behave vi.举止，表现=perform
behave oneself 举止得体，端庄
belie vt.给人错觉；掩饰=misrepresent；disguise
believe in 相信=have confidence in, trust
bellows n.风箱；风琴的风箱
belong to 属于
beneath prep./adv.在…之下=below, under
benefit n.利益，好处=welfare, gain vt.有益于，有助于
beneficial adj. 有益的，有利的=advantageous, favorable
benign adj.（病）良性的；亲切和蔼的=innocuous；kind, gentle
bequest n.遗产；遗赠=inheritance, legacy, endowment
besides adv.除了…（还有）=in addition to
besiege vt.围攻；困扰=surround；harass
bestow vt.给与，赐赠（祝福、奖励、荣誉等）=endow, confer
betray vt.背叛=be disloyal to, be unfaithful to vt.（非故意地）暴露，显露=indicate, show
beverage n.（除水之外的）饮料=drinks, refreshment
bias n.偏见，偏好=prejudice, preference
unbiased adj. 没有偏见的
bicameral adj.两院制的，有两个议院的
bilateral adj.两边的；双边的=two-sided；mutual
bill n.帐单，发票=invoice n.（细长或扁平的）鸟嘴 n.议案，法案=act, proposal n.钞票，纸币
hillbilly n.山地内部的贫农，山里人
billion n./adj.10亿
biography n.传记=accounts of people's life
autobiography n.自传
biographer n.传记作家
biologist n.生物学家
biological diversity 生物多样性
biodiversity n.生物差异，多样性
bison n.美洲或欧洲的野牛
bitter adj.苦（味）的 adj.（令人）痛苦的；尖酸刻薄的=painful；acrid, acrimonious
bitterness n.苦味；辛酸，苦难
bizarre adj.奇异的，古怪的=odd, strange, fantastic
blame vt.谴责，责备=condemn, rebuke n.过失，责备=condemnation, reprehension
bland adj.淡味的；无味的=mild；flavorless, tasteless
blanket n.毯子；厚的遮盖物=coating
blast vi.爆破=explode, burst n.一阵（风、气流或噪音）=gale, gust
blast furnace 鼓风炉
blazing adj.炽烧的；闪耀的=burning；bright
blaze vi.燃烧，照耀=burn brightly n.火焰，光辉=flame
ablaze adj.着火的，闪耀的
bleach vt.去色，漂白=whiten, blanch
bleak adj.荒凉的；凄凉的=desolate, barren, gloomy
blend vt.混合，掺混=combine, mix n.混合（物）=combination, mixture
blessing n.祝福，恩赐=boon, benediction
blink v.眨眼=shut the eyes briefly, wink
blizzard n.暴风雪=snowstorm, storm
block n.一块（木头或石头等）=chunk n.街区=stre
et vt.阻碍，阻止=hinder, obstruct
bloom n./vi.花/开花=flower, blossom
blossom n./vi.花/开花
blues n.抑郁，沮丧；忧郁布鲁斯音乐（蓝调音乐）=gloom, depressed spirits
bluff n.悬崖，绝壁=cliff, precipice
blunt adj.（说话）直言不讳的=outspoken, candid, direct adj.（刀、铅笔的）钝的，不尖的=dull
blush vi.脸红，羞愧=flush
board n.（薄而平的）木板=lumber, plank n.委员会 n.膳食费用 vt.上（船、飞机等）=get on
boarder n.寄宿者；寄生者
boardinghouse n.寄宿公寓
keyboard n.键盘
cupboard n.食橱，碗碟柜
boast n./v.自夸，以有…而自豪=brag, vaunt
boastful adj.吹嘘的，自负的
boiling point 沸点
bold adj.勇敢的，大胆的；放肆/无礼的=brave, daring, intrepid；impudent
bolster n.垫子，枕垫 vt.支持=support, strengthen
bonanza n.额外好处；带来好运的事物；富矿带=boom
bond n.联结，联系；粘连；化学键=link, tie, connection n.债券=securities, debenture
boom n.突然的景气；行情暴涨=bonanza, prosperity vi.急速发展=prosper, expand, flourish
baby boom 生育高峰
boon n.为…之恩惠，对…极为有用之物=blessing, benefit
baboon n.狒狒
boost vt.增加，提高，促进=raise, advance
boring adj.令人厌烦的=tiresome, tedious
boredom n.烦恼，无聊=tedium, dullness
bore vt.钻孔=drill vt.令人厌烦
boulder n.巨石=rock, fieldstone
bounce vi.跳起，弹回=jolt, rebound
bound adj.被束缚的；有义务的=tied, held, committed n.范围，限制=limit, constraint
boundary n. 分界线，边界=dividing line, border, frontier
boundless adj.无限的，无边无际的=infinite, borderless
bouquet n. 花束=bunch
bow n.（小提琴等的）弓；弓形
bowlegged adj. 弯脚的
bowl n.碗，碗状物
elbow n.肘
rainbow n.彩虹
braid vt.编织=weave, plait
brain n.脑，大脑；头脑，智力=intelligence, intellect
brawl n.争吵=fight, quarrel
brawling n. 争吵，喧嚷=fighting
breach vt.打破，突破=break n.违背，破坏=violation, infringement
break apart 分开，分裂=split, divide
break out 爆发；发生=begin, burst out
breakdown n.失败；故障=failure；malfunction n.分解；细目分类=decomposition,；itemization of
breakup n.分裂，分离=divorce, separation
break up 分裂，分离=divide, separate
breathless adj.无声息的，喘不过气来的=out of breath
breathing n.呼吸=respiration
breath n.呼吸，气息
breathe v.呼吸，呼出=respire
breathtaking adj.令人激动的；惊人的=stunning, awesome
breed vt.养育，繁殖=raise, hatch, mate
crossbreeding n.异种交配，杂交
breeze n.微风=light wind
brighten v.点亮=lighten vt.使愉快；使乐观=cheer；encourage
brilliance n.聪明；辉煌=cleverness；magnificence
brilliantly adv.辉煌地，灿烂地=brightly, radiantly
brim n. 边；边缘=brink, edge
broad-brimmed adj.宽边的
briny adj.盐水的，咸的=sa
line, salty
brisk adj.活泼的，轻快的=energetic, swift
briskness n.敏捷，活泼
brittle adj.易碎的=breakable, fragile
broaden v.放宽，变宽，扩大=widen, expand
brochure n.小册子=short pamphlet
bronze n. 青铜；铜像
Bronze Age 青铜器时代
sun-bronzed adj.被太阳晒成古铜色的
brook n.小河=creek, stream
brown n./adj.褐色（的），棕色（的） vt.使成褐色，晒黑=tan
brownish adj. 呈褐色的
bubble n.气泡，水泡=foam
buckle n.皮带扣环=fastener v.扣紧；（使）变弯曲=fasten；distort
bud n.芽，蓓蕾=shoot, sprout vi.发芽
taste bud 味蕾
buddy n.密友，伙伴
budget n.预算=estimate
buggy n.轻型马车（双轮单座的轻马车）
building block 积木
bulb n.球茎，球状物
bulk n.大批；大部分=majority, main part n.大小，体积=volume, mass
bulky adj.庞大的，笨重的=cumbersome, unwieldy, clumsy
bump n.肿块；突起=lump, bulge v.碰（伤），撞（破）=collide
bump into 偶遇
bunch n.串，束；群=clump, cluster, gathering vi.捆成一束；聚集=pack；crowd
bundle n.捆，束，包=packet, parcel vt.捆=pack
burgeon vi.迅速成长，发展=thrive, mushroom
burning n./adj.燃烧（的）=flaming adj.强烈的=intense, ardent
burrow n.洞穴=tunnel, den vi.挖地洞=dig
bush n.矮树丛=shrub
bust n.半身像，半身雕像
combustion n.燃烧
combustible adj.易燃的
robust adj.精力充沛的
statue n.全身雕像
butter n.奶油
buzz n./v.嗡嗡声；发出嗡嗡声
buzzer n.蜂鸣器
by chance 偶然=accidentally, incidentally
by-product n.副产品=derivative
cab n.出租马车、汽车=taxi, taxicab
taxicab n.出租车
the Cabinet n.内阁
cabinetmaker n.家具师，细工木匠
cabin n. 小屋；船舱=cottage
log cabin 小木屋
cactus n.仙人掌
cadence n.（说话时语调的）抑扬顿挫=beat, rhyme
calculate vt.计算；估计=compute, determine；estimate
calculation n.计算，考虑
calculator n.计算器
calibration n.校准；标度，刻度=adjustment；measurement
calm adj.（天气、海洋等）静的，平静的=placid, quiet, tranquil adj. 镇静的，沉着的=cool, composed vt. 使平静，使镇定，平息=tranquilize, soothe
campaign n. (政治或商业性)活动，竞选运动=drive, battle vi.竞选；作战=seek，run for
champion n. 冠军 vt.拥护，支持
championship n. 锦标赛
cancel vt. 取消=revoke, call off
cancellation n. 取消
candid adj. 率直的，坦白的=straightforward, frank
candidate n. 候选人
cannibalism n. 同类相食
canopy n. 天篷，遮篷=covering, umbrella
canvas n. 帆布；画布
capability n. 能力=capacity, skill
capable adj. 有能力的=competent
capacity n. 容量；能力=content, volume；ability, capability
captivity n. 囚禁，拘留=prison, confinement
carapace n. （蟹或龟的）甲壳
carat n. （宝石重量单位）克拉
cardiac adj. 心脏的
carbohydrate n. 碳水化合物
cardinal adj. 首要的，主要的=principal, main n.朱红雀（一种美洲鸟，雄性有深红色羽毛）
career n. 生涯，职业=vocation, occupation
careerism n. 野心，追求名利
careless adj. 粗心的，疏忽的=negligent, heedless
carelessly adv. 不注意地，粗心地=recklessly
careful adj. 小心的，仔细地=deliberate, cautious
cargo n.货物=shipload, freight
caricature n. （滑稽模仿的）讽刺画，漫画=parody
carnival n. 狂欢节=festivity
carnivorous adj. 食肉的=meat-eating, predatory
carve vt. 切开；雕刻=cut；sculpt
carver n. 雕刻匠，雕工
carving n. 雕刻品，雕花
cast vt. 浇铸=shape, mold vt. 投，抛=project, throw
cast-iron adj. 铸铁的
cast off 丢弃，摆脱=get rid of
cast away 使失事，使漂流
forecast n./vt. 预测，预报
broadcast n./vt. 广播；传播
rebroadcast vt. 重播
newscast n. 新闻广播
overcast adj. 阴天的，阴暗的
casual adj. 非正式的，随便的；漫不经心的=informal, purposeless, unplanned
catalyst n. 催化剂；促使事情发展的因素=enzyme, stimulus
catalyze vt. 促使；激励
catastrophe n. 异常的灾祸=disaster, calamity, cataclysm
catching adj.（接触）传染的；有魅力的，迷人的=contagious；charming, attractive
eye-catching adj. 引人注目的，耀眼的
catch on 理解，领会
categorize vt. 分类=classify, sort
category n.种类，类目；范畴=group
cater vi. 满足需要，迎合=satisfy(cater to)
caterpillar n. 毛虫
cathedral n. 总教堂，大教堂=church, temple
cause vt. 导致，引起=induce, bring about, provoke n. 原因；事业=reason；career
cautious adj. 小心的，谨慎的=conservative, careful
caution n. 小心，谨慎=care vt. 警告=warn
cavern n. 大山洞，大洞穴=cave
cavity n. 洞；腔=hole, cavern
cease v. 停止，终止=stop, terminate
ceaseless adj. 不停的=incessant, endless
celebrated adj. 有名的，大名鼎鼎的=distinguished, famous, well-known
celebrate vt. 庆祝，祝贺；表扬，赞美=praise
celebrity n. 名人
celestial adj. 天体的；天上的=astronomical, heavenly
cell n. 细胞，单人牢房，电池
cellist n. 大提琴家
cello n. 大提琴
census n. 人口调查，人口普查
centennial n. 百年纪念=hundredth anniversary
centigrade adj. 摄氏（温度）的
ceremonial n. 仪式=ritual, ceremony adj. 正式的；仪式的=formal, ceremonious
ceremony n. 典礼，仪式；礼节=ritual, rite
chafe vt. （将皮肤等）擦热，擦破=scratch, abrade vt. 使恼火=irritate, vex
chagrin n. 懊恼，失望=embarrassment, disappointment
chalk n. 粉笔
chamber n. 室；房间=cell, compartment, room
chamber music 室内音乐
champion n. 冠军；拥护者=winner, victor；advocate vt. 支持；主张=stand up for, support
championship n. 锦标赛
chaos n. 混乱=disorder
chaotic adj. 混乱的=disorganized
chapel n. 小礼拜堂
character n. 角色；性格=part
；nature, personality
characteristic adj. 典型的，表现特征的，特有的=typical, distinctive n. 特征，特性=distinguishing feature, property, attribute
characterize vt. 表现…的特色，刻画…的性格=distinguish
be characterized by 以…为特征，典型代表
charcoal n. 炭；木炭
charitable adj. 慈善事业的，慈善的；仁慈的=benevolent；kind, humane
charter v. 包租；特许=license, authorize n.宪章，章程
chart n. 海图，图表=graph, diagram vt. 制图=plot
chaste adj. 贞洁的；（思想、言论）朴素的
chat vi. 闲谈=talk
chateau n. 城堡，高级旅馆
check vt. 检查，核对；阻止，控制=control, suppress, restrict n.支票
checkup n. 审查；身体检查
checkout n. 检验，校验
check out 检验，校验
paycheck n. 付薪水的支票
chef n. 厨师
cherish v. 怀抱（希望等）；珍爱=harbor；treasure, value
chill vt. 使冷，变冷；冷却=cool, freeze n. 寒意，寒战=coolness, coldness
chilly adj. 寒冷的=cold
chilli n. 红辣椒
chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩
gorilla n. 大猩猩
chisel n. 凿子=gouge v.砍凿，凿刻=cut, sculpt
chivalry n. 骑士气概，侠义；（男人）对女人彬彬有礼，献殷勤
choke vt. 使窒息=asphyxiate, suffocate
chop vt. 砍=cut, hew
choppy adj. 波浪起伏的,(风)不断改变方向的=wavy
chord n. 琴弦，心弦、
clavichord n.翼琴（钢琴的前身）
harpsichord n.大键琴
chore n. 家务杂事
choreography n. 舞蹈编排
choreograph vt. 设计舞蹈动作
choreographer n. 舞蹈指导
choreographic adj. 舞蹈术的，舞台舞蹈的
chorus n. 合唱团=ensemble
chronic adj. 长期的；慢性的=persistent, habitual, long-term
chronological adj. 按年代顺序排列的
chronology n. 年代学，年表=time sequence
chubby adj. 丰满的，圆胖的=plump, fat
chunk n. 大块；矮胖的人或物
cider n. 苹果酒，苹果汁
cipher n. 密码=code
circuit n. 电路
closed circuit 闭路的
circular adj. 循环的；圆的=round
circle n. 圆周，圆形物 n.（具有共同兴趣、利益的人组成的）圈子，集团=group, society vt. 包围，环绕=orbit, encircle
circulate v.（使）循环；（使）传播
circulation n. 循环；流通
circulation desk 图书借还台
circumference n. 圆周；周长=perimeter, periphery
circumscribe vt. 划界限；限制=make the boundaries of; confine,restrict
circumstance n. 环境，情况=situation, condition
citadel n. 堡垒，要塞=fort, fortress
cite vt. 引用，举例=refer to, quote
citizenship n. 公民（的身份）
civil adj. 公民的；市民的=civic adj. 国内的
civil rights 公民权
civil war 内战
civility n. 彬彬有礼，斯文
civilization n. 文明，文化=culture
civilian adj.平民的；民用的=nonmilitary, noncombatant n. 平民
clam n. 蛤，蛤肉
clamor n. 叫嚣，喧哗=outcry, uproar, commotion
reclamation n. 开垦；改造；（废料等的）回收
cl
an n. 家族，宗族=faction, tribe
clap n. 拍手声；霹雳声 v. 鼓掌；轻拍=applaud，slap
clarify vt. 澄清，阐明=illuminate, elucidate
clarification n. 澄清，净化
classify vt. 把…分类，分等级
classification n. 分类，分级
clause n. 分句；条款=sentence, phrase
clay n. 粘土；泥土
clergy n.（集合称）圣职者，牧师
clergyman n. 牧师，教士
cliff n. 悬崖峭壁=bluff, precipice
climate n. 气候；社会风气或趋势=weather condition；atmosphere, environment
climatic adj. 气候上的
cling vi. 粘紧，附着=stick(cling to) vi. 坚持（意见），墨守（习惯）=adhere to(cling to)
clinic n. 门诊所=dispensary, infirmary
clinical adj. 临床的
clip vt. 修剪=trim, cut off
clockwise adj./adv. 顺时针方向的（地）
counterclockwise adj./adv. 逆时针方向的（地）
clog vt. 障碍，阻塞=congest, jam
clumsy adj. 笨拙的；愚笨的=awkward, inept
cluster n. 簇，串，群=group, bunch vi. 丛生；聚集=concentrate, gather, assemble
clutch v. 抓住，攫取=grasp tightly n.一次产的或孵的蛋（或卵）
coalesce vi. 联合，合并=associate, combine
coalescence n. 合并，联合
coalition n. 联合，同盟=alliance, union
coarse adj. 粗糙的=rough, harsh
coax vt. 哄诱，巧言诱哄=persuade, cajole
code of laws 法典
codify vt. 编成法典，编辑成书
coexist vi. 同时存在，共存=coincide
cognitive adj. 认知的；感知的
coherent adj. 粘在一起的=adhesive, cohesive adj.连贯的；有条理的=logical, sound
coherence n. 一致
incoherence n. 不连贯，不一致
cohesion n. 附着（力），凝聚力=unity, solidarity
cohesive adj. 粘着的
coil n. （一）卷；线圈= ring, roll vt. 盘绕，卷=twist, curl
recoil vi. 弹回，反冲
coin n. 铸币=nickel vt. 创造（一个新的词语或短语）=create, invent
coinage n. 造币，货币制度
coincide vi. 同时发生；相符合，相巧合=occur at the same time as, correspond
coincident adj. 一致的，巧合的=concerning, simultaneous
coincidence n. 一致；同时发生或同时存在的事
collaborate vi. 协作，合作=work together, cooperate
collaboration n. 合作
collapse n. 倒塌；崩溃，失败=breakdown, failure
colleague n. 同事，同僚=fellow worker, associate, co-worker
collective adj. 集体的，共同的=common
collide vi. 碰撞；冲突=bump, hit；conflict
collision n. 碰撞；冲突，抵触=crash, impact
colloquial adj. 口语的，通俗语的=conversational, informal
colloquialism n. 俗话，白话，口语
colonize vt. 建立殖民地，拓殖=settle vt. 定居，居于=plant
colony n. 殖民地；群体=group, community
colonial adj. 殖民的，殖民地的
colonel n. 陆军上校
colossal adj. 巨大的=huge, gigantic
combination n. 化和，组合=blend, union
combine v. 联合，结合=blend, fuse, merge
combustible adj. 易燃的=flammable, burnable, inflammable
com
bustion n. 燃烧
comet n. 彗星
cometary adj. 彗星的，彗星似的
comic adj. 滑稽的，好笑的；喜剧的=funny, ridiculous
comical adj. 滑稽的，好笑的
commander n. 司令官，指挥员=chief, leader
commemorate vt. 纪念=remember, memorialize
comment n. 注释，评论=remark, judgment vi. 谈及；注释，评论
commentator n. 评论员，讲解员
commentary n. 注释，解说词
commerce n. 商业=trade, business
commercial adj. 商业的，贸易的
commercialize vt. 使商业化，使商品化
commission vt. 委任，任命；委托，委托制作=authorize n.佣金
commissioner n. 委员，专员
committed adj. 效忠的；忠于…的=dedicated, devoted
commit vt. 犯（错误），干（坏事）
committee n. 委员会
commitment n. 信奉，支持；许诺，承担义务
commodity n. 商品，日用品=goods, article of trade
commonsense adj. 具有常识的
commonplace adj. 平凡的=ordinary, common
communal adj. 公共的；公社的=public, common
communicate vt. 传达，沟通；通信=convey, inform；correspond
communication n. 沟通；通讯
community n. 社区；社会=society, district
commute v. 通勤
commuter n. 经常往返者
telecommuter n. （通过在线方式）远距离工作者
compact adj. 紧凑的，紧密的；简洁的=compressed, condensed；concise vt.压缩；使密集=solidify, tighten
compaction n. 压紧
companion n. 同伴，同事=associate, partner
comparable adj. 可比的，比得上的；类似的=equivalent, similar
comparative adj. 比较的=relative
comparatively adv. 相当地；比较地=relatively, rather
compatible adj. 可以并存的，相容的，协调的=agreeable, congenial
incompatible adj. 矛盾的，不调和的
compel vt强迫，使不得不
Compelling adj.紧迫的，强制的=force, coerce
compensate vt. 补偿，赔偿=make up, reimburse
compensation n. 补偿，赔偿
compensatory adj. 补偿性的
compete vi. 竞争，比得上=vie, contest, fight
competent adj. 有能力的，能胜任的=capable, adept
competence n. 能力，胜任
competition n. 竞争，竞赛=struggle, rivalry
competitiveness n. 竞争能力
competing adj. 有竞争性的，不相上下的
compile vt. 汇集，编辑=work over, gather, collect
complacence n. 自满，自以为是=arrogance, satisfaction
complaint n. 抱怨，怨言=grievance, criticism
complain v. 抱怨；悲叹=lament
complement vt. 补充，使完善=supplement n.补足物，补充物=addition
complementary adj. 补充的，补足的
complex adj. 复杂的，费解的；结构复杂的=intricate, compound n.综合体=network
complexity n. 复杂（性）=complication
complicated adj. 费解的，棘手的；结构复杂的=intricate；circuitous
complication n. 并发症；复杂，复杂性=complexity, intricacy
complicity n. 共谋；同谋，共犯=conspiracy, collusion
complimentary adj. 赞美的=flattering, laudatory
compliment n. 恭维，称赞=
praise, commendation
comply with 遵从，符合=obey, conform to
component n. 成分，组成部分=constituent, element, ingredient
compose vt. 作曲，写作；组成=write, create
be composed of 由…组成=be made up of, consist of
recompose vt. 重写；重新安排
composition n. 构成，组成=makeup, constitution n. 写作，作文；作曲=writing, essay
decomposition n. 分解；腐烂
compound n. 化合物=mixture, composite
compound eyes 复眼
comprehend vt. 领悟，理解=understand, grasp
comprehensible adj. 可理解的，易于了解的=understandable
comprehension n. 理解，包含=grasp
comprehensive adj. 全面的，综合的=inclusive, overall
compress vt. 压缩，浓缩=compact, concentrate, condense
compression n. 浓缩，压缩
compressed adj. 被压缩的，紧凑的=compact
comprise vt. 包含；由…组成=consist of, contain
compromise n. 妥协，折衷=concession
compulsory adj. 必须做的，被强制的=mandatory, obligatory
compute vt. 计算=calculate, reckon
computation n. 计算，估计=calculation
concave adj. 凹的
conceal vt. 隐藏，隐瞒=hide, secrete
concede v. 承认=acknowledge, admit
conceive vt. 构思；设想=design, consider
concentric adj. 同心的=concentric circle
concept n. 概念，观念=notion, idea
conception n. 观念，认识=thought, idea
misconception n. 误解
conceptual adj. 概念上的
concert n. 音乐会 n. 一致；共同=harmony, accord(in concert)
concerted adj. 商议好的，协定的
concerto n. 协奏曲
concise adj. 简洁的，简明的=succinct, terse
conciseness n. 简洁，简短=brevity
conclude v. 推断；作出结论=deduce, infer vi.结束=finalize, wind up, end
conclusive adj. 最后的，决定性的=definitive, decisive, final
inconclusive adj. 非决定的
concomitant adj. 伴随的 n. 伴随物=in conjunction with, accompanying, associated with
concrete n. 水泥=cement adj.具体的，实体的=tangible, solid
concurrent adj. 同时发生的=simultaneous, coincident
condemn vt. 谴责=blame, denounce
condemnation n. 谴责=blame
condensation n. 压缩，浓缩=compression
condense vt. 使浓缩；精简
condenser n. 冷凝器
condiment n. 调味品=seasoning, flavoring
condition n. 条件；状况；健康状况=situation, state；fitness
air conditioner 空调
conditioning n. （心理）条件作用，训练
condor n. 秃鹰
conduct vt. 做（试验、研究等）；引导，带领=carry on, direct vt. 传导=convey, pass on n.举止，行为=behavior, manner
conductivity n. 导电率；传导率
conductor n. 导体
cone n. 圆锥，松果
confederate n.同盟者，盟友=ally, collaborator
confederacy n. 联盟=alliance
confer v. 颁给，赋予=bestow(confer sth. on sb.) v. 协商(confer with)
conference n. 会议；协商会，讨论会=meeting；discussion
confess vt. 坦白承认=acknowledge, admit
confession n. 承认，招供
confide vt. 吐露（心事），倾诉=dis
close, reveal；tell
confident adj. 有信心的，自信的=assured
confidence n. 信心
overconfident adj. 过于自信的，自负的
configuration n. 轮廓，构型=contour, outline
confine vt. 限制=limit, circumscribe(confine to)
confined to bed 卧病不起的=bedridden
confining adj. 狭窄的=cramped
confinement n. 限制，禁闭=restriction, limitation
confirm vt. 证实，使…更坚定=verify, corroborate
confirmation n. 确认，证实
conflict n. 争论，冲突，斗争=fight, struggle
conflicting adj. 相冲突的，相矛盾的=opposing, rival, incompatible
confluence n. 汇合；聚集=conflux；throng
conform vi. 遵守，顺从；符合=comply with, follow, fit, meet(conform to)
conformity n. 一致，符合
nonconformity n. 不墨守陈规，不一致
nonconformist n. 非国教徒，不尊奉英国国教的基督教新教教徒
confront vt. 面对，正视=face
confuse vt. 搞乱，使糊涂=disorient, mix up
confuse…with… 把…认为=take…for…
confusion n. 混乱，混淆
congenial adj. 合得来的；适意的=compatible
congenital adj. 先天的，天生的=present at birth, inborn, innate
congestion n. 拥挤，拥塞=overcrowding
congested adj. 堵塞的；拥挤的=clogged, crowded
congratulation n. 祝贺，道喜
congregate v. 聚集=assemble, convene, gather
conglomerate n. 混合=assortment
congress n. 国会，议会
congressional adj. 会议的，大会的；国会的
congressman n. 国会议员
conifer n.松类，针叶树
conjectural adj. 推测的=based on guessing, hypothetical
conjecture n./v. 推测，猜测
connect v. 连接；联系；联合=join, link, relate
connection n. 连接
disconnect vt. 分离，断开
connoisseur n. 鉴赏家，行家=specialist, expert
conscience n. 良心，良知
conscientious adj. 尽责的，一丝不苟的=diligent, responsible, reliable
conscious adj. 有意识的，神志清醒的=awake adj. 意识到的=aware, alert
consciously adv. 有意识地，自觉地=purposely, intentionally
consciousness n. 意识，知觉
unconscious adj. 不省人事的,未发觉的,无意识的
consecutive adj. 连续的=successive, sequential
consequence n. 结果，后果=result, aftermath, outcome
consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的=resulting
consequently adv. 从而，因此=therefore
conservative adj. 保守的，谨慎的；守旧的=traditional, conventional
conservatism n. 保守主义，守旧性
conserve vt. 保存,保藏 n.可长期保存的食物=retain, preserve
conservation n. 保存，保持=preservation
conservationist n. （天然资源的）保护管理论者=people who want to conserve natural resources
considerable adj. 相当大（多）的；值得考虑的；相当可观的=much, great, significant
considerably adv. 相当地=substantially, very much
considerate adj. 考虑周到的，体贴的=thoughtful
consideration n. 体谅，考虑
consistent adj. 一致的；稳定的，变化少
的=uniform；regular
consistency n. 浓度，密度
consistently adv. 一贯地=steadily, regularly
consonant adj. 协调一致的=compatible, harmonious
consort vi.陪伴，结交=associate, join(consort with 配对，结交；与…一致)
consortium n. 协会，联盟，财团
conspicuous adj. 显著的；显眼的，引人注目的
conspicuously adv显著地=noticeable, prominent
conspiracy n. 阴谋，共谋=plot, intrigue
constant adj. 不变的，持续的；一再重复的=invariable, repeating
constantly adv. 不断地=incessantly, perpetually, continually
constellation n. 星座 n.灿烂的一群=gathering, cluster
consternation n. 惊愕，惊慌失措=dismay, shock
constituent n. 成分，要素=component, element, ingredient n.选民=districts' voters
constitution n.组织；宪法
constitute vt. 建立（政府），组成，构成=make up, form
constitutional adj. 宪法的；章程的
constrain vt. 限制，约束=restrain, hold back
constraint n. 限制，约束=bound, restraint
constrict vt. 约束；收缩=limit, restrict；shrink, contract
constricted adj. 抑制的，约束的=limited
construct vt. 建造；创立=erect, build
construction n. 建筑，建造
consult vt. 咨询，请教=confer, advise
consultant n. 顾问，咨询者
consume vt. 消费，消耗；大吃大喝=devour, eat
consumer n. 消费者
consumption n. 消耗，消费
contact vt. 使接触，与…联系=get in touch with, reach
contagious adj. 传染性的；有感染力的=infectious；catching
contain vt. 包含，容纳=include, incorporate, house
container n. 容器；集装箱=receptacle
contaminate vt. 弄脏，污染；感染=taint, pollute, defile
contamination n. 玷污，污染=pollution
contemplate v. 沉思，对…作周密思考=ponder, meditate
contemporary adj. 当代的，现代的=modern, existing n.当代人，同龄人
contender n. 竞争者
contention n. 争论，争辩=controversy
content n. 内容；容量=volume, capacity adj. 满足的=gratified, satisfied
contented adj. 满足的，心安的
context n. 上下文，语境=circumstance, setting
contiguous adj. 接近的，接壤的=abutting, adjacent, net to
contagious adj. 传染性的；有感染力的
continent n. 大陆
continental adj. 大陆的，大陆性的
supercontinent n. （地理）超大陆
transcontinental adj. 横贯大陆的，大陆那边的
continuation n. 继续，延长=continuance, prolongation
continuity n. (时间或空间的)连续性，连贯性=coherence
continuum n. 连续统一体=sequence, succession
contour n. contours 轮廓=configuration, outline n.周线，等高线
contract v. 收缩=shrink, constrict v.定契约，立合同=undertake n.契约，合同=compact, agreement
contraction n. 缩短，收缩
contractor n. 定约人，承包人
contradict vt. 同…矛盾，同…抵触=confront, oppose
contradictory adj. 反对的，矛盾的=paradoxical, opposing
contrary adj. 相反的；对
抗的=in conflict with, opposite
contrast n. （对比，对照的）差异 vt. 对比，对照=compare
contribute to 有助于，对…起作用
controversy n.争论，辩论=contention, argument
controversial adj. 引起或可能引起争论的=controvertible, disputable
convenient adj. 方便的；近便的，容易到达的=handy, suitable；near, accessible
inconvenient adj. 不便的，有困难的
convenience n. 便利，方便
convention n. 会议；传统=conference；norm, custom
conventional adj. 传统的，习俗的=traditional, customary
conventionally adv. 按照惯例地，照常套地
unconventional adj. 非传统的
converge vi. 聚合，集中于一点，会聚=meet, come together
conversation n. 会话，非正式会谈=dialogue, talk
conversational adj. 对话的，会话的
converse vi. 谈话，交谈
conversant adj. 亲切的，熟悉的
conversion n. 转变；改变信仰=change, transformation
convert vt. 转换；转变信仰=alter, change, transform
converter n. 炼钢转炉
convex adj. 凸出的=bulging
convict vt. 证明…有罪，宣告…有罪
conviction n. 确信，深信，坚信=assurance, confidence
convincing adj. 令人信服的=persuasive
unconvincing adj. 不足以令人相信的
convinced adj. 确信的，深信的
convivial adj. 欢乐的，快乐的=festival
cooperate vi. 合作=collaborate
cooperation n. 合作，协作
cooperative adj. 合作的，协力的
coordinate vt. 使…协调，相配合=integrate, harmonize
coordinated adj. 协调的，配合的
coordination n. 调和
copper n. 铜
coral reef 珊瑚礁=corals
reef n. 礁，暗礁
core n. 中心，核心；地核=center
crust n. 地壳；外壳
mantle n.地幔
corps n. 军团，兵团
correlate vt. 使相互关联；使相互影响=relate, associate
correlated adj. 有相互关系的
correspondence n. 通信；信件=mail n.符合，一致=agreement
corrosion n. 腐蚀，侵蚀=decay, erosion
corrosive adj. 腐蚀的，腐蚀性的=erosive, caustic
rodent n. 啮齿类动物
corruption n. 腐败，贪污，堕落=bribery, fraud
cosmic adj. 宇宙的=universal
cosmopolitan adj. 世界性的，全球的=worldwide
costume n. 服装=dress, attire vt. 穿上服装；穿衣
counsel n./vt. 劝告=advice/advise；suggestion/suggest
counseling n. 咨询服务
counselor n. 顾问，法律顾问
counteract vt. 消除，抵消=negate, act against
counterbalance v. 使平衡
counterclockwise adj./adv. 逆时针的（地）
counterfeit vt. 伪造，仿造=forge adj.伪造的，假冒的=bogus, fake
counterpart n. 相似的人或物，配对物=version, analogue, match
countless adj. 无数的=innumerable, infinite
couple n. （一）对，（一）双；夫妇=pair vi.连合，结合=connect
coupled with加之，除…以外=in addition to
courier n. 送急件的人，信使=messenger, carrier
court n. 法庭；球场 vt. 向…献殷勤，追求；设法获得（他人的支持等）=woo, pursu