2017考研英语（一）新旧大纲变化对比表
2017考研大纲已经发布。现在值得注意的是对于大纲的变化以及之后该怎么安排有效的复习。为了帮助各位同学进行后期的复习，中公考研的辅导老师们对此进行了详细讲解，帮
2017年考研英语（一）考试大纲全方位 解读 在同学们的千呼万唤中，《2017全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲》终于与同学们见面了，现根据2017年考研英语大纲的内容，与2016年考研英语大纲对比，对2017年考研英语的考查要求和考查题型进行全面分析。 从语言知识来看，与2016年大纲相比，2017年大纲没有实质变化，大纲中明确要求“考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形容词与介词，形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。”这种具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识（词性、词形、本义和引申义等）；词际关系（同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系）；词汇“背景”（词源、词根、词干、词缀）。针对考纲要求，在于提醒考生避免单词的死记硬背，要活学活用。各位考生完全可以继续按照既定的复习思路备考，但是要特别注意英语作为一门语言，运用是考查的最终目的。 就语言技能而言，与2016年大纲相比，2017年大纲没有任何变化，继续突出阅读和写作的重要性，关于阅读，强调“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%）”；关于写作，则强调考生“应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章（实际就是应用文和图画作文）”，同时明确了阅读和写作的考查能力要求。总的来说，上述语言知识和语言技能仍然是研究生入学英语考试的主要测评目标。 当然，在这里有必要题型广大考生一个细微的变化点在于，去年的考纲中只给出了2009——2010年真题及客观题对应的正确选项，主观题翻译给出了参考译文，而写作部分未给出范文，但在今年的考纲中就每道题的考查点、难度系数、作答思路给出了详细的分析，尤其是写作部分给出了高分作文的范文，这给同学们的提示是我们在复习时更应能明确得把握出易考点，题目的难度分布特点、尤其是在主观题部分怎样按照考纲的要求使自己的作答接近满分的要求。 对比往年考点，接下来根据2017大纲，为大家全面解析2017年考研英语的各个具体题型的总体要求： 完形填空 完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。考生可从历年真题中按照这几大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以做到事半功倍的效果。
2017年考研英语一真题原文及答案解析完整版 2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一） Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheld on Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a
下载毙考题APP 免费领取考试干货资料，还有资料商城等你入驻 邀请码：8806 可获得更多福利 2017考研英语翻译每日一句：宋词 考研英语翻译部分在试题中分值占10%，建议同学们还是要重视起来，为自己争取更多的分数。小编考研为大家搜集了有关社会生活、科普知识、文化教育等方面的相关句子，以此拓展大家的视野。一起来学习吧! 本期主题【宋词】 Song Ci is one form of ancient poetry and can besung to music，thus it s also called musical Cipoetry.Since the length of the lines in a Ci poem canvary, it is also called Changduanju (lines ofirregular lengths).Due to various tunes used forthem, Ci poems can be sung in different ways.Ci poetry reached its peak during the SongDynasty.Like Tang poetry, Song Ci poetry plays an important role in the history of Chineseliterature as well.In the process of its development, a lot of prominent Ci composers appearedsuch as Su Shi, Li Qingzhao, Xin Qiji and Lu You, etc.Song Ci remains popular even today.Thebook Three Hundred Song Ci Poems is very popular,and a good numbers of famous Ci poemshave been set to new tunes for singing. 参考翻译： 宋词(Song Ci)是古代诗歌的一种，可以配乐歌唱，又称曲子词。因为宋词句子长短不一，所以又称长短句(Changduanju) 。词有各种曲调，因此演唱方式多种多样。词在宋朝达到鼎盛时期。和唐诗一样，宋词在中国文学史上占有重要地位。在词的发展过程中，涌现出很多杰出的词人，如苏轼、李清照、辛弃疾、陆游等。如今宋词仍然很受欢迎。《宋词三百首》(Three Hundred Song CiPoems)一书非常流行，很多著名的词作都被重新谱曲演唱。 考试使用毙考题，不用再报培训班
2017管理类联考英语（二）试卷结构及考试大纲 Ⅰ．考试性质 英语（二）考试主要是为高等院校和科研院所招收专业学位硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目。其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。 Ⅱ．考查目标 考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能： （一）语言知识 1.语法知识 考生应熟练地运用基本的语法知识，其中包括： （1）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法； （2）动词时态、语态的构成及其用法； （3）形容词与副词的比较级和最高级的构成及其用法；（4）常用连接词的词义及其用法； （5）非谓语动词（不定式、动名词、分词）的构成及其用法； （6）虚拟语气的构成及其用法；
（7）各类从句（定语从句、主语从句、表语从句等）及强调句型的结构及其用法； （8）倒装句、插入语的结构及其用法。 2.词汇 考生应能较熟练地掌握5500个左右常用英语词汇以及相关常用词组。考生应能根据具体语境、句子结构或上下文理解一些非常用词的词义。 （二）语言技能 1.阅读 考生应能读懂不同题材和体裁的文字材料。题材包括经济、管理、社会、文化、科普等，体裁包括说明文、议论文和记叙文等。 根据阅读材料，考生应能： （1）理解主旨要义； （2）理解文中的具体信息； （3）理解语篇的结构和上下文的逻辑关系； （4）根据上下文推断重要生词或词组的含义； （5）进行一定的判断和推理； （6）理解作者的意图、观点或态度。 2.写作 考生应能根据所给的提纲、情景或要求完成相应的短
2017考研英语阅读常见错误例题分析 考研英语阅读理解的真题是很好的复习资料，真题做的多了就会慢慢地发现一些阅读理解选项做题的规律。下面我们大家一起来看一下网的小编为大家整理的关于2017考研英语阅读常见错误例题分析的一些资料，帮助大家更好的做好考研英语阅读理解的复习备考工作。 【典型例题1】 【原文】4①However, the Justices said that Arizona police would be allowed to verify the legal status of people who come in contact with law enforcement. ②That s because Congress has always envisioned joint federal-state immigration enforcement and explicitly encourages state officers to share information and cooperate with federal colleagues. 【题目】37. On which of the following did the Justices agree, according to Paragraph4? 【选项】[A] Federal officers duty to withhold immigrants information. 【分析】本题题干在问根据第四段，下面哪个选项是法官所同意的? A选项说，联邦官员的职责是要保留移民的相关信息。而文中第四段第二句后半部分说鼓励州官员去和联邦同事分享信息并且进行合作，用到的是share 分享，而A选项里却用的是withhold 保留，语义刚好相反。 【典型例题2】 【原文】1①A century ago, the immigrants from across the Atlantic included settlers and sojourners. ②Along with the many folks looking to make a permanent home in the United States came those who had no intention to stay, and who would make some money and then go home. ③Between 1908 and 1915, about 7 million people arrived while about 2 million departed. ④About a quarter of all Italian immigrants, for example, eventually returned to Italy for good. ⑤They even had an affectionate nickname, uccelli di passaggio, birds of passage. 【题目】26 Birds of passage refers to those who____ 【选项】 [B] leave their home countries for good.
2017年考研英语一真题-高清版含答案 Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away?The answer may be a resounding “yes!”1helping you feel close and2to people you care about,it turns out that hugs can bring a3of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not,a warm embrace might even help you4getting sick this winter. In a recent study5over400healthy adults,researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs6the participants’susceptibility to developing the common cold after being7to the virus.People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come8with a cold,and the researchers9that the stress-reducing effects of hugging10about 32percent of that beneficial effect.11among those who got a cold,the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12. “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the13risk for colds that’s usually14with stress,”notes Sheldon Cohen,a professor of psychology at Carnegie.Hugging“is a marker of intimacy and helps15the feeling that others are there to help16difficulty.” Some experts17the stress-reducing,health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin,often called“the bonding hormone”18it promotes attachment in relationships,including that between mothers and their newborn babies.Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain, and some of it is released into the bloodstream.But some of it19in the brain,where it20mood,behavior and physiology.
2017年考研英语二真题 Section I Use of English Directions： Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) People have speculated for centuries about a future without work.Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again 1 that technology is replacing human workers. Some imagine that the coming work-free world will be defined by 2 . A few wealthy people will own all the capital，and the masses will struggle in an impoverished wasteland.. A different and not mutually exclusive 3 holds that the future will be a wasteland of a different sort，one 4 by purposelessness：Without jobs to give their lives 5 ，people will simply become lazy and depressed. 6 today’s unemployed don’t seem to be having a great time. One Gallup poll found that 20 percent of Americans who have been unemployed for at least a year report having depression，double the rate for 7 Americans. Also，some research suggests that the 8 for rising rates of mortality，mental-health problems，and addicting9 poorly-educated middle-aged people is shortage of well-paid jobs. Perhaps this is why many 10 the agonizing dullness of a jobless future. But it doesn’t 11 follow from findings like these that a world without work would be filled with unease. Such visions are based on the 12 of being unemployed in a society built on the concept of employment. In the 13 of work，a society designed with other ends in mind could 14 strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. Today，the 15 of work may be a bit overblown. “Many jobs are boring，degrading，unhealthy，and a waste of human potential，” says John Danaher，a lecturer at the National University of Ireland in Galway. These days，because leisure time is relatively 16 for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional 17 of their jobs. “When I come home from a hard day’s w ork，I often feel 18 ，” Danaher says，adding，“In a world in which I don’t have to work，I might feel rather different”—perhaps different enough to throw himself 19 a hobby or a passion project with the intensity usually reserved for 20 matters. 1. [A] boasting [B] denying [C] warning [D] ensuring 2. [A] inequality [B] instability [C] unreliability [D] uncertainty 3. [A] policy [B]guideline [C] resolution [D] prediction 4. [A] characterized [B]divided [C] balanced [D]measured 5. [A] wisdom [B] meaning [C] glory [D] freedom 6. [A] Instead [B] Indeed [C] Thus [D] Nevertheless 7. [A] rich [B] urban [C]working [D] educated 8. [A] explanation [B] requirement [C] compensation [D] substitute 9. [A] under [B] beyond [C] alongside [D] among 10. [A] leave behind [B] make up [C] worry about [D] set aside 11. [A] statistically [B] occasionally [C] necessarily [D] economically 12. [A] chances [B] downsides [C] benefits [D] principles 13. [A] absence [B] height [C] face [D] course
3个月教你背熟5500个考研英语大纲词 汇 在接触过数以百万计的考研学生中，普遍的造成大家最大困扰的就是考研英语的复习，对于多数考研学子来说，英语复习是一项艰苦的战斗，它需要时间、恒心、耐力……还有最重要的是方法!现在考研英语主要分完形、阅读、作文三大部分，当然，这些都是以词汇为基础建立的，那么，首先，我们来说说积累词汇的方法。 相信很多学生都会有这样的困惑，拿一本单词书每天看十页，可坚持不了多久，总是因为各种原因最终放弃;或者是背了忘，忘了又背，最终还是忘，很多单词书都是从a背到d，再从z倒着背到w，中间的几乎没有翻过。 到底怎么样背单词?我相信大家都有过这样的疑问，但是没有人深想下去，不是放弃了就是继续着上面徒劳无功的做法，那么如何突出怪圈重围，有质高效的进行词汇的学习?综合前面的经验，我们已经知道不停的读，不停的写，或者规定每天背20个单词背个100天都是不科学的：首先，研究生入学考试不要求你正确的读出每个单词的发音;其次，唯一需要你进行单词拼写的作文中你也很少能用到那些你认为很牛的单词;最后，每天20个单词，可能100天以后你连10%都记不住!所以，背单词说“背”，不如说是“认”单词!每个单词看久了你潜意识里都会对它的字母组合形状有感觉。 科学的单词背诵方法应该是每天至少100—200个新单词，每个单词最多观察30秒，总共花费1个小时不到的时间。但是只这1个小时是不够的，你还应该再花2个小时的时间复习昨天、前天、甚至1个星期之前观察过的单词。大家可以按照记忆曲线再结合自己的实际情况合理的安排单词背诵计划，每天坚持，不要以为很简单，也不要轻易的放弃。如果今天你确实完不成计划，那么宁愿不背新单词也要把从前背过的复习一遍!如此进行，当你完成一个背诵周期后，大部分单词就已经背诵至少4到5遍了，然而可能你只记得15%左右的单词，没有关系，从头再背。按照原来的计划，你可以以更快的速度完成新的一轮背诵，因为全部的单词你都已经看过很多遍了。当你把每个单词都观察过20遍的时候，我相信你不但看到它以后认识它，而且连它的拼写你也会莫名其妙的记住! 这样我们可以得出结论：一本5000个新单词的词汇书，完全可以在3个月内背熟。 解决了词汇问题，接下来就是最大分值部分的阅读理解的复习方法。阅读理解分为三个部分，选择题(40分)、综合填空(10分)、翻译题(10分)，阅读在考研英语中所占分量不言而喻，难怪很多同学发出这样的感慨“成也阅读，败也阅读!”意识到了阅读理解的重要性，很多同学都知道要花大力气攻克这个难关。下面，给大家几点建议希望能够有所助益。 一、记忆大纲词汇。结合第一部分介绍的词汇记忆的方法，掌握好大纲词汇，除了这些，最好还能适当记忆一些超纲词汇和高频词汇，在记忆的时候最好能够将词语放到句子文章中理解，掌握多种词义。 二、理解疑难长句。理解疑难长句，首先要把握住句子的主干框架，只有这样，才能把握住各句子成分之间的结构和逻辑关系，才可能抓住句子的核心意思。这时，即使有个别单词不认识，也不会严重影响对整个句子的基本理解。其次，要达到对疑难长句的正确理解，
全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（一）考试大纲 （非英语专业）（2017年版） I. 考试性质 英语（一）考试是为高等学校和科研院所招收硕士研究生而设置的具有选拔性质的全国统一入学考试科目，其目的是科学、公平、有效地测试考生对英语语言的运用能力，评价的标准是高等学校非英语专业本科毕业生所能达到的及格或及格以上水平，以保证被录取者具有一定的英语水平，并有利于各高等学校和科研院所在专业上择优选拔。 II.考查目标 考生应掌握下列语言知识和技能： （一）语言知识 1.语法知识 考生应能熟练地运用基本的语法知识。 本大纲没有专门列出对语法知识的具体要求，其目的是鼓励考生用听、说、读、写的实践代替单纯的语法知识学习，以求考生在交际中能更准确、自如地运用语法知识。 2.词汇 考生应能掌握5500左右的词汇以及相关附表中的内容（详见附录1、2）。 除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等；掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等；掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。 英语语言的演化是一个世界范围内的动态发展过程，它受到科技发展和社会进步的影响。这意味着需要对本大纲词汇表不断进行研究和定期的修订。 此外，全国硕士研究生入学英语统一考试是为非英语专业考生设置的。考虑到交际的需要，考生还应自行掌握与本人工作或专业相关的词汇，以及涉及个人好恶、生活习惯和宗教信仰等方面的词汇。 （二）语言技能 1.阅读 考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料（生词量不超过所读材料总词汇量的3%），还应能读懂与本人学习或工作有关的文献资料、技术说明和产品介绍等。对所选材料，考生应能： 1）理解主旨要义；
2017 年考研英语二真题答案解析 Section I Use of English 一、文章总体分析及结构 这是一篇议论文，选自2016 年《大西洋月刊》，全文共352 词。文章围绕“没有了工作的未来会怎样”展开，首先说明工作的缺失可能会造成社会的不平等；接着指出另一种可能性，即没有了工作，生活就会没有意义；之后笔锋一转，提出在一个设计合理的社会中，没有工作未必会引起不安；最后举例对现实情况做出说明，指出现阶段工作劳累，使人们无暇专注与自己的爱好。 二、语篇精读 词汇详解： 长难句分析： Today is no different，with academics，writers，and activists once again warning that technology is replacing human workers. 本句主干是主系结构Today is no different,with 引导的成分属于独立主格结构，具体来讲是with+名词/代词+动词的-ing 形式。 词汇详解：
长难句分析： Also ，some research suggests that the explanation for rising rates of mortality ，mental-health problems ，and addicting among poorly-educated，middle-aged people is a shortage of well-paid jobs. 本句的主干是主谓宾结构some research suggests that...，that 引导宾语从句，这一宾语从句为主系表结构，其中主语的中心词是the explanation，系动词为is，表语成分为a shortage of...。 词汇详解： 长难句分析： In the absenceof work，a society designed with other ends in mind could yield strikingly different circumstances for the future of labor and leisure. 本句中In the absenceof work 为条件状语，句子的主干为主谓宾结构，其中主语的中心词为 a society，谓语动词为could yield,宾语的中心词为circumstances，strikingly different 作定语，用来修饰宾语circumstances。 词汇详解： 长难句分析： These days，because leisure time is relatively scarce for most workers，people use their free time to counterbalance the intellectual and emotional demands of their jobs. 本句为主从复合句，其中because 引导了原因状语从句，主句为主谓宾+宾补结构，其中主语为people，谓语动词为use，宾语为their free time，动词不定式to counterbalance...作宾语的补语。
巧用真题学习2017考研英语词汇 2017考研的小伙伴，还在纠结怎么记单词吗?文都教育的教研老师不断研究和推出记忆记单词的方法。除了一男老师的速记宝典，KK的易考单词(1575词汇)，我们教研中心还在不断地从真题中直接选取经典段落文章，从中给大家挑选常考和易混淆词汇。下面我们一起来学习下2011年Text 1中的经典段落吧。 It’s no surprise that Jennifer Senior’s insightful, provocative magazine cover story, “I love My Children, I Hate My Life,” is arousing much chatter—nothing gets people talking like the suggestion that child rearing is anything less than a completely fulfilling, life-enriching experience. Rather than concluding that children make parents either happy or miserable, Senior suggests we need to redefine happiness. Instead of thinking of it as something that can be measured by moment-to-moment joy, we should consider being happy as a past-tense condition. Even though the day-to-day experience of raising kids can be soul-crushingly hard, Senior writes that “the very things that in the moment dampen our moods can later be sources of intense gratification and delight.” 高频词汇知识点： It’s no surprise that 不足为奇的是 =No surprise /No shock here/ Not surprisingly. insightful a.有深刻见解的，有洞察力的
2017考研英语（一）考试大纲 教育部中心在2016年8月26日颁布了《2017年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英 语(一)考试大纲》，与去年的考纲相比，今年的考纲未进行任何调整和变化。现在基于最 新大纲和历年真题命题规律，对2017年考研英语的考查要求和试卷结构进行全面分析。 从语言知识来看，新大纲中，对词汇的掌握和去年大纲要求完全一致，“考生应能掌 握5500左右的词汇以及相关词组。除掌握词汇的基本含义外，考生还应掌握词汇之间的 词义关系，如同义词、近义词、反义词等;掌握词汇之间的搭配关系，如动词与介词，形 容词与介词，形容词与名词等;掌握词汇生成的基本知识，如词源、词根、词缀等。”这种 具体要求主要体现在对词汇的微观掌握和记忆上：词汇基本知识(词性、词形、本义和引 申义等);词际关系(同义词、反义词、形近词，动词与介词、动词与副词、形容词与介词、形容词与名词等词汇搭配关系);词汇“背景”(词源、词根、词干、词缀)。提出这样的具体 要求，就是提醒考生避免单词的死记硬背，要活学活用。各位考生完全可以继续按照既定的复习思路备考，但是要特别注意英语作为一门语言，运用是考查的最终目的。另外，提示广大考生，2013年考纲中新增的59个单词，在2014年的考试中已经有所体现，如2014年新题型所考查的一个学科领域archaeology就是大纲新增词汇，这些新增词汇就 是备考热点词。所以这59个单词仍然是复习2017考研英语的重点。 就语言技能而言，与2016年大纲相比，2017年大纲依然突出阅读和写作的重要性。关于阅读，强调“考生应能读懂选自各类书籍和报刊的不同类型的文字材料(生词量不超过 所读材料总词汇量的3%)”;关于写作，则强调考生“应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人 和公务信函、备忘录、报告等，以及一般描述性、叙述性、说明性或议论性的文章(实际 就是应用文和图画作文)”，同时明确了阅读和写作的考查能力要求。总的来说，上述语言 知识和语言技能仍然是研究生入学英语考试的主要测评目标。 对比往年考点，接下来根据新大纲，万学·海文为广大学子全面解析2017年考研英 语的各个题型的总体要求和备考重点： 完形填空 完形填空主要测试考生结合上下文的综合理解能力和语言运用能力，即在阅读理解的基础上对篇章结构、语法和词汇知识的运用能力的考查，这是对完形填空的定位。透过大纲可以看出对完形填空考核的重点：语法、固定搭配、近义词辨析和逻辑关系。考生可从历年真题中按照这几大重点去准备和复习有关考研完形填空方面的知识点，这样可以做到事半功倍的效果。
Section I Use of English Directions: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Could a hug a day keep the doctor away? The answer may be a resounding “yes!” 1 helping you feel close and 2 to people you care about, it turns out that hugs can bring a 3 of health benefits to your body and mind. Believe it or not, a warm embrace might even help you 4 getting sick this winter. In a recent study 5 over 400 health adults, researchers from Carnegie Mellon University in Pennsylvania examined the effects of perceived social support and the receipt of hugs 6 the participants’ susceptibility to developing the common cold after being 7 to the virus .People who perceived greater social support were less likely to come 8 with a cold ,and the researchers 9 that the stress-reducing effects of hugging 10 about 32 percent of that beneficial effect. 11 among those who got a cold, the ones who felt greater social support and received more frequent hugs had less severe 12 . “Hugging protects people who are under stress from the 13 risk for colds that’s usually 14 with stress,” notes Sheldon Cohen, a professor of psychology at Carnegie. Hugging “is a marker of intimacy and helps 15 the feelin g that others are there to help 16 difficulty.” Some experts 17 the stress-reducing , health-related benefits of hugging to the release of oxytocin, often called “the bonding hormone” 18 it promotes attachment in relationships, including that between mother and their newborn babies. Oxytocin is made primarily in the central lower part of the brain , and some of it is released into the bloodstream. But some of it 19 in the brain, where it 20 mood, behavior and physiology. 1．[A] Unlike [B] Besides [C] Despite [D] Throughout 2．[A] connected [B] restricted [C] equal [D] inferior 3．[A] choice [B] view [C] lesson [D] host 4．[A] recall [B] forget [C] avoid [D] keep 5．[A] collecting [B] involving [C] guiding [D] affecting 6．[A] of [B] in [C] at [D] on 7．[A] devoted [B] exposed [C] lost [D] attracted 8．[A] across [B] along [C] down [D] out 9．[A] calculated [B] denied [C] doubted [D] imagined 10．[A] served [B] required [C] restored [D] explained 11．[A] Even [B] Still [C] Rather [D] Thus 12．[A] defeats [B] symptoms [C] tests [D] errors 13．[A] minimized [B] highlighted [C] controlled [D] increased