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考研英语完形填空的解题技巧及规律(超实用!!!)学习资料

考研英语完形填空的解题技巧及规律(超实用!!!)学习资料
考研英语完形填空的解题技巧及规律(超实用!!!)学习资料

一、完形填空的解题技巧及规律:

1、利用“红花绿叶“原则:

红花词(必选的词):however、although、yet、because

绿叶词(必不选的词):

since、ever since、now that、what;

in case、lest、if only、or else(虚拟语气系列词);

about、as to、with regard to、with/in reference to(与“关于”意义有关的词)

2、答案分布的规律:

⑴、每篇完形填空中A、B、C、D作为正确选项的个数各在4—6个之间;

⑵、A作为正确选项的个数最多;

⑶、没有连续三个答案都一样的情况,连续两个答案都一样的情况为0

—3个;

⑷、在五个一组的答案中,最少要出现三个字母作为正确的选项,在每

组接缝处没有连续两个答案都一样的情况;

3、完形填空文章特点:

⑴、文章字数:240—280之间;

⑵、首段首句不出题,是主旨句(2001年除外),除首句外基本每句话

都要出题;

⑶、总分结构进行到底;

⑷、每篇文章都有明确的主题和作者态度;

⑸、逻辑关系非常明确:

五大逻辑关系:(按照考核频度排序)

①对立关系(包括:转折、让步及其他);

②因果关系;

③并列关系;

④总分关系

⑤递进关系。

4、同义原则:

⑴、在四个选项中,有两个实词(动、名、形、副)互为同义词时,答案往往在其中;

⑵、在四个选项中,有两个虚词(介、连、感叹)互为同义词时,答案往往都不选;

⑶、当四个选项有一个共同意义时,该意义往往不能入选,要看选项的

特殊含义。

5、做题理念:

⑴、首段首句没有读懂就不要做下去;

⑵、能够用顺序的方法做对的题目,尽量不要用逆序带入的方法;

⑶、能够用阅读方法做对的题目,尽量不要用同义词辨析方法做。

6、表语题解题方法(系动词后面出的题):

当表语是名词时,它与主语是对等关系;当表语是形容词时,或相当于形容词时,与主语是修饰关系。

7、逻辑关系题解题方法:

⑴、定义:通过前后句的意思及其内在关系,判定答案的题目。(本质

上是阅读题)

⑵、类型:所有连词题以及部分介词、副词、动词题。

⑶、内容(考频):对立>因果>并列>总分>递进

⑷、判断对立关系的三个依据:

①、根据意思判断;

②、根据褒贬色彩判断;

③、根据句式结构判断;例如:not题;句子_____not 句子或

者 not 句子_____句子

⑸、表示对立关系的词:

转折:however、but、yet、nevertheless

让步:although、though、even through、even if、much as、as、while、

where as

其他:against、instead of、rather than、admit、ignoring、on

the contrary、by contrast

⑹、转折与让步的区别:

①、当后句是对前句的完全直接否定时,叫转折;当后句是对前句的部

分否定时,叫让步;

②、although和but,because和so不能在一句话中同时出现;

although和because叫从属连词,既可以放句首,也可以放句中,

放句中时,前面一般不加逗号;

but和so叫并列连词,只能放在句中,前面逗号可加可不加。

⑺、表示因果关系的词:

表原因的词:

because、in that、now that、since、as、for、as a result of、considering

表结果的词:

so that、such that、as a result、lead to、consequently、therefore、hence、thus、so

因果倒置是因果关系题里最常见的出题陷阱。

⑻、表示并列关系的词:

and、as well as、similarly、simultaneously

and题型三种做题方法:

①、选同义词;②、选同一范围词;③、句子对应成分分析

⑼、表示总分关系的词:

for example、for instance、such as、including

of表分总关系,总概念和分概念不能并列。

⑽、表示递进关系的词:

also、furthermore、indeed、moreover、still、highlighting、in particular

8、动词题解题方法:

⑴、看主语,注意主谓搭配一致性:

①、看主语是人还是物:

只能是人做出的动作有:

believe、doubt、intend、require、respect、regard、be impressed by、notice、present

只能是物做出的动作有:

manifest

②、注意主谓一致性:P38(43)

⑵、看宾语,注意动宾搭配一致性:

①、看宾语是抽象名词还是具体名词:

enhance+抽象名词

feed、label、fasten+具体名词

tighten+抽象、具体均可

②、看宾语是人还是物:

assure、impress + sb.

ensure + sb./sth.均可

⑶、根据主语和宾语的逻辑关系所致动词:

changes in economy _A_ fewer jobs

A. lead to

B. amount to

⑷、从及物(vt)和不及物(vi)角度出发做题:

不及物动词有:

dispose

speculate of about/in

distinguish A from B 为及物动词

distinguish between A and B 为不及物动词

vt:批准

approve

vi:同意、认可 + of

cope + with

⑸、根据动词后的介词以及介词宾语做题:

__B__ with the report

A. expose

B. agree

C. share

expose:+ to 暴光(贬义),考研中只考此点

agree with + sb./sth.

share with + sb.

⑹、根据句子中能够对动词构成限制的成分(一般指形容词)做题:

9、名词题解题方法:

⑴、名词做主语时,谓语或表语就是线索:

⑵、名词做宾语时,谓语动词就是线索:

⑶、根据已有名词判断所选名词:

__A__ of the letter

A. publication

B. release(letter要用复数形式)

C. printing(letter要用复数形式)

⑷、根据名词前后介词判断名词:

reason for、explanation for、research into、confidence in、confident of、specialist in、by contrast、approach to、answer to、key to

⑸、当名词后出现定语从句或同位语从句,从句就是线索:

need the _A_ that comes from success(表示褒义)

A. confidence

B. tolerance

10、形容词题的解题方法:

⑴、形容词做表语时,主语就是线索:

⑵、有的词修饰形容词时,副词就是线索:

⑶、有多个修饰成分同时修饰一个名词,答案就在修饰成分中

⑷、形容词修饰名词时,名词就是线索:

a __B__ of protest

A. rage

B. storm

11、副词题的解题方法:

⑴、主旨做题:

⑵、同义原则:

⑶、利用时态做题:

12、完形填空解题顺序:

先看选项

第1步红花绿叶原则

第2步逻辑关系题

第3步同义原则

第4步杀熟原则

再看文章

第1步not题(找not)

第2步and题(找and)

第3步表语题

第4步复现题

第5步v、n、adj、adv题

将有把握的题都做完之后:应用

概率原则

二、完形填空常考语法解读:

1、what从句:

① what只能引导主、宾、表语从句;

② what不能引导定语从句和同位语从句,也就是说what前不能有名词;

③ what后面的从句通常不完整。

相关知识:

① 凡是从句部分不完整的,98%是定语从句,1%是what从句,1%是省略式状语从句。

② 同位语从句、表语从句引导词只能用that,不能用which;只能用weather,不能用if。

2、as引导定语从句:

① as作关系代词引导定语从句,先行词可以是名词,也可以是句子;

例:He is honest, as we know.

② as引导定语从句,位置灵活:

例:As we know, he is honest.

③ as和which的区别:

a.在引导限制性定语从句时,as只能用在一些固定结构中,例如:

as … as、so … as、such … as、the same … as

例:He has many books, which are displayed here.

He has as many books as are displayed here.

b. 在引导非限制性定语从句时,用as表示从句与从句是一致关系,而用which则表示关系不一致。

例:He has been married, as we expect.

He has been married, which is unexpected.

3、than引导定语从句:

① than作为关系代词引导定语从句;

②主句要有比较级;

③ than后面从句缺主语;

④引导定语从句时,对比成分不明显,而引导比较状语从句时,对

比成分很明显;

例:I am taller than you.

He drinks more wine than is good for his health.

如果主句有最高级,则必须用that。

4、but引导定语从句:

① but作关系代词引导定语从句;

②主句要有否定成分;

③ but相当于that … not或who … not。

例:There is no one but errs. = There is no one that doesn’terr.

三、新题型“七选五”解题方法与技巧:

1、大纲要求:

文章长度:500—600字

题目:共5题,每题2分,非等额选项

题型:句子题、句子+段落题、段落题

2、解题方法:

⑴.逆序做题

⑵.抓住特征词

① 代词:例:选项开头为They are … 必然该选项位置在文章中间;

②逻辑关系词;

③专有名词或数词;

④小词:例:the,只有第一次出现的名词前才会带the,因此上文中如果已经有带the的专有名词,备选下文中该名词出现时必然不会带the。

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