兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库12TB

博迪《金融学》第2版名校考研真题【视频讲解】一、单选题1．以下货币制度中会发生劣币驱逐良币现象的是（）。

[中央财大2011金融硕士] A．金银双本位B．金银平行本位C．金币本位D．金汇兑本位【答案】A【解析】金银双本位制下金、银两种金属同时被法律承认为货币金属，金、银铸币都可自由铸造，都有无限的法定支付能力。

当金银铸币各按其本身所包含的价值并行流通时，市场上的商品就出现了金银两重价格，而这两重价格随金银市场比价的不断变动而变动。

为了克服由此造成的紊乱，很多国家用法律规定了金币与银币的比价。

但金银市场比价并不会由于法定比例的确定而不再发生变化。

于是法定比价和市场比价之间可能会出现差异，价值被高估的货币渐渐被贮藏，而劣币充斥市场。

金银平行本位是金银两种本位币按其所含金属的实际价值流通，国家对两种货币的交换不加规定，而由市场上的金银的实际比价自由确定金币和银币比价的货币制度。

在金本位制下，每单位的货币价值等同于若干重量的黄金（即货币含金量）；当不同国家使用金本位时，国家之间的汇率由它们各自货币的含金量之比——铸币平价（Mint Parity）来决定。

金汇兑本位制（Gold Exchange Standard）又称“虚金本位制”，该国货币一般与另一个实行金本位制或金块本位制国家的货币保持固定的比价，并在后者存放外汇或黄金作为平准基金，从而间接实行了金本位制。

实际上，它是一种带有附属性质的货币制度。

当然，无论金块本位制或金汇兑本位制，都是削弱了的金本位制，很不稳定。

而这种脆弱的制度经过1929年～1933年的世界经济危机，终于全部瓦解。

2．面值为100元的永久性债券票面利率是10%，当市场利率为8%时，该债券的理论市场价格应该是（）元。

[中央财大2011金融硕士]A．100B．125C．110D．1375【答案】B 【解析】该债券的理论市场价格应该是（元）125%8%10100=⨯==m r C P 。

3．实际利率为3%，预期通货膨胀率为6%，则名义利率水平应该近似地等于（）。

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第15章期权市场与或有索取权市场一、概念题1．欧式期权（华南理工大学2011金融硕士）答：按照买方执行期权时对行权时间规定的不同，可以将期权分为美式期权和欧式期权。

其中，欧式期权是指买入期权的一方必须在期权到期日当天才能行使的期权。

期权买方在期权合约到期日之前不能行使权利，在到期日之后期权作废，买方权利随之消失。

欧式期权合约给持有者较小的行使期权选择的机会，缺乏灵活性，因而期权费也相对较低。

2．金融期权（东南大学2012金融硕士；东北师范大学2005研；人大2001研；武汉理工大学2006研）答：金融期权是期权交易中，买卖双方参与交易时签订的合同，规定了买卖双方并不对称的权利和义务。

一般根据合约规定，合约卖方在买方执行期权时，有义务必须履行合约规定，具有强制性，而合约买方有权利选择是否执行、转售、放弃期权，不具有强制性，但为了取得这一权利，买方需要支付一定的期权费。

期权合约的内容主要包括：（1）期权的类型，即选择美式期权还是欧式期权，确定在到期日前能不能交割；（2）交易的金融资产或商品的种类、数量，种类包括股票、国债、商品和指数等等；（3）保证金比率的规定，一般只需卖方缴纳；（4）期权的期限和到期日，期权合约的有效期限一般为3个月，到期日为该月的第三个星期六；（5）协定价格与期权费。

此外，期权合约还涉及交易时间、交易方法、货币选择、结算、价格波动幅度等方面的内容。

3．看涨期权与看跌期权（东北财大2006研；人行1995研）答：根据买卖行为的不同，期权可分为看涨期权和看跌期权。

看涨期权，又称“买方期权”、“买权”、“敲进”，它赋予买方一种权利，在期权合约到期日或有效期间内可以按照执行价格买进一定数量标的物。

当人们预测标的物市场价格有上涨趋势时，购买这种期权，若该金融资产或商品市场价格超过协定价格，买方会行使期权，以协定价格买入合约标的物，再以市场价格卖出，当差价超过期权费，买方获利。

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策一、概念题１．持久收入假说（武汉大学2002研；南开大学2008研）答：持久收入假说由美国经济学家米尔顿·弗里德曼（M．Friedman）提出，认为消费者的消费支出主要不是由他的现期收入决定，而是由他的永久收入决定。

所谓永久收入是指消费者可以预计到的长期收入。

永久收入大致可以根据观察到的若干年收入的数值之加权平均数计得，距现在的时间越近，权数越大；反之，则越小。

根据这种理论，政府想通过增减税收来影响总需求的政策是不能奏效的，因为人们减税而增加的收入，并不会立即用来增加消费。

与生命周期假说不同的是，持久收入假说偏重于个人如何预测自己未来收入问题。

持久收入假说认为：（1）消费不只同现期收入相联系，而是以一生或永久的收入作为消费决策的依据。

（2）一次性暂时收入变化引起的消费支出变动甚小，即其边际消费倾向很低，甚至近于零，但来自永久收入变动的消费倾向很大，甚至接近于1。

（3）当政府想用税收政策影响消费时，如果减税或增税只是临时性的，则消费者并不会受到很大影响，只有永久性税收变动，政策才会有明显效果。

2．跨期预算约束与最优消费选择费雪认为，人们在消费时会受到一些限制，这些约束包括：预算约束（即人们可以为自己进行消费所支出的数额大小）和跨期预算约束（即人们可以为自己在当前消费和未来消费所支付的数额大小）。

假定消费者的一生可以分为两个时期：第一个时期是青年时期，第二个时期是老年时期。

用1y 和1c 分别表示消费者在第一个时期的收入和消费，用2y 和2c 分别表示消费者在第二个时期的收入和消费。

再假定消费者有机会进行借贷或储蓄，因此他在任何一个时期的消费都可以大于或小于那一时期的收入。

第一个时期的储蓄或借贷：11s y c =-（0s >表示储蓄，0s <表示借贷），第二个时期的消费：()221c r s y =++，其中r 为实际利率。

Chapter TwoFinancial Markets and InstitutionsThis chapter contains 49 multiple-choice questions, 20 short problems and 10 longer problems。

Multiple Choice1. A market that has no one specific location is termed a(n) ________ market.(a)over—the—counter(b)geographic location(c)intermediary(d)conceptualAnswer: （a)2. ________ problems arise because parties to contracts often cannot easily monitor or control one another。

(a)Payment(b)Counter(c)Incentive(d)ExchangeAnswer: （c）3. Incentive problems take a variety of forms and include：(a)moral hazard(b)adverse selection(c)principal-agent(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d）4. The ________ problem exists when having insurance against some risk causes the insured party to take greater risk or to take less care in preventing the event that gives rise to the loss.(a)moral hazard(b)adverse selection(c)principal—agent(d)all of the aboveAnswer： (a）5。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第1章金融学一、概念题1．金融学（finance）答：金融学是一项针对人们怎样跨期配置稀缺资源的研究。

其主要研究货币领域的理论及货币资本资源的配置与选择、货币与经济的关系及货币对经济的影响、现代银行体系的理论和经营活动的经济学科，是当代经济学的一个相对独立而又极为重要的分支。

金融学所涵盖的内容极为丰富，诸如货币原理、货币信用与利息原理、金融市场与银行体系、储蓄与投资、保险、信托、证券交易、货币理论、货币政策、汇率及国际金融等。

2．金融体系（financial system）答：金融体系是金融市场以及其他金融机构的集合，这些集合被用于金融合同的订立以及资产和风险的交换。

金融体系是由连接资金盈余者和资金短缺者的一系列金融中介机构和金融市场共同构成的一个有机体，包括股票、债券和其他金融工具的市场、金融中介（如银行和保险公司）、金融服务公司（如金融咨询公司）以及监控管理所有这些单位的管理机构等。

研究金融体系如何发展演变是金融学科的重要方面。

3．资产（assets）答：资产是指个人、公司或者组织拥有的具有商业或交换价值的任何物品，它能在未来产生经济利益，资产有三个非常重要的特征：①能在未来产生经济利益；②由实体控制；③由过去发生的事项或交易产生。

在国民账户体系中，资产是指经济资产，即所有者能对其行使所有权，并在持有或使用期间可以从中获得经济利益的资源或实体。

资产可分为金融资产和非金融资产两大类。

金融资产是指以价值形态或以金融工具形式存在的资产，它包括金融债权以及货币黄金和特别提款权。

非金融资产是指非金融性的资产，它包括生产资产和非生产资产。

在企业财务会计中，资产是指由过去的交易和事项所形成的，并由企业拥有或控制，预期会给企业带来经济利益的资源。

按流动性可分为流动资产和非流动资产两大类。

流动资产是指企业可以在一年或超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或者耗用的资产。

非流动资产是指不能在一年或者超过一年的一个营业周期内变现或耗用的资产。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第3章管理财务健康状况和业绩一、概念题1．账面价值（book values）答：账面价值是指会计账面所表现的资产价值，分为资产的账面价值和公司的账面价值。

资产的账面价值是指公司的资产在会计账簿上表现的价值，即原来购进资产的价值（资产的成本）减去折旧。

在固定资产购置当期，资产的账面价值等于当期市场价值加上运输、安装、调试等费用。

在固定资产正式投产营运后，每一会计期间都会对该资产计提折旧。

资产的账面价值会随着累计折旧的增加而减少，直到该资产报废时其账面价值仅剩残值，进而转销该资产。

公司的账面价值，是指公司资产负债表上所列示的资产总额减去负债、优先股之后的差额。

账面价值以历史成本为基础，它与一项资产或一个公司的市场价值关系不大。

2．无形资产（intangible assets）答：无形资产是指企业为生产商品、提供劳务、出租给他人，或为管理目的而持有的、没有实物形态的非货币性长期资产，如专利权、商标权、著作权、土地使用权、非专利技术、专营权、商誉等。

无形资产的特征有：①不具有实物形态；②可以在一个以上会计期间为企业提供经济利益；③有偿取得；④提供的未来经济利益具有很大的不确定性；⑤用于生产商品或提供劳务、出租给他人或为了行政管理目的而持有。

无形资产按形成来源不同可分为购入的、自创的、投资者投入的、接受捐赠的无形资产等；按能否辨认可分为可辨认无形资产和不可辨认无形资产。

无形资产只有在该资产产生的经济利益很可能流入企业、该资产的成本能够可靠地计量时，企业才能加以确认。

3．商誉（goodwill）答：商誉是指企业在经营活动中所具有的优越获利能力的潜在经济价值，是一种不可辨认的无形资产。

商誉由企业的良好信誉、产品的较高质量和市场占有率、可靠的销售网络、有效的内部管理、先进的技术、优越的地理位置等因素形成。

其特征是：①商誉与企业整体相关，不能单独存在；②形成商誉的因素无法单独计值；③商誉与形成商誉过程中所发生的成本无关，它是一种获得超额收益的能力。

博迪《⾦融学》第2版课后习题及详解（居民户的储蓄和投资决策）【圣才出品】博迪《⾦融学》第2版课后习题及详解第5章居民户的储蓄和投资决策⼀、概念题1．⼈⼒资本（human capital）答：⼈⼒资本是指劳动者受到教育、培训、实践经验、迁移、保健等⽅⾯的投资⽽获得的知识和技能的积累，亦称“⾮物⼒资本”。

由于这种知识与技能可以为其所有者带来⼯资等收益，因⽽形成了⼀种特定的资本——⼈⼒资本。

任何使⼈⼒资本增值的活动都是⼈⼒资本投资，包括医疗和保健、在职⼈员培训、正规教育、成⼈教育与培训、迁移者⼯作搜寻等等。

⼈⼒资本投资的决策是⼀种收益与成本的权衡，其成本包括：实际的费⽤或直接的费⽤、放弃的⼯资报酬以及⼼理成本。

投资的预期收益可能是以各种形式表现出来的，⽐如较⾼的未来收⼊、终⾝⼯作满意程度的提⾼、对娱乐活动欣赏⽔平的提⾼以及欣赏兴趣的增长等。

2．永久性收⼊（permanent income）答：永久性收⼊是指消费者可以预期到的长期收⼊，即预期在较长时期中（3年以上）可以维持的稳定的收⼊流量。

永久性收⼊是弗⾥德曼持久收⼊假说中的重要概念，⼤致可以根据所观察到的若⼲年收⼊的数值的加权平均数来计算，估算持久收⼊的计算公式为：YP T=Y T-1＋θ（Y T－Y T-1）=θY T－（1－θ）Y T-1（0＜θ＜1）式中，YP T为现期永久性收⼊，Y T为现期收⼊，Y T-1为前期收⼊，θ为加权数。

该公式说明，现期的永久性收⼊等于前期收⼊和两个时期收⼊变动的⼀定⽐率，或者说等于现期收⼊和前期收⼊的加权平均数。

加权数的⼤⼩取决于⼈们对未来收⼊的预期，这种预期要根据过去的经验进⾏修改，称为适应性预期。

如果⼈们认为前期和后期收⼊变动的时间较长，θ就⼤；反之，前期和后期收⼊变动的时间较短，θ就⼩。

3．跨期预算约束（inter-temporal budget constraint）答：跨期预算约束是指决定⼀⽣消费计划时⾯临的约束条件，即⼀⽣的消费开⽀和遗产的现值等于包括初始财产和未来劳动收⼊在内的⼀⽣资源的现值。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解博迪的《金融学》第2版是一本广泛使用的金融学教材，其中的课后习题对于学生理解和掌握金融学概念和理论具有重要意义。

本文将选取一些具有代表性的课后习题，并提供详细的解答和分析。

答：金融学是一项针对人们怎样跨期配置稀缺资源的研究。

它涉及货币、投资、证券、银行、保险、基金等领域，主要研究如何在不确定的环境下对资源进行跨时期分配，以实现最大化的收益或满足特定的目标。

金融体系（financial system）答：金融体系是金融市场以及其他金融机构的集合，这些集合被用于金融合同的订立以及资产和风险的交换。

它是由连接资金盈余者和资金短缺者的一系列金融中介机构和金融市场共同构成的一个有机体，包括股票、债券和其他金融工具的市场、金融中介（如银行和保险公司）、金融服务公司（如金融咨询公司）以及监控管理所有这些单位的管理机构等。

研究金融体系如何发展演变是金融学科的重要方面。

假设某个投资者在2022年购买了一张面值为1000元，年利率为5%的债券，并在2023年以1100元的价格卖出。

请问该投资者的年化收益率是多少？(1100 - 1000) / 1000 × 100% = 10%其中，分子部分为投资者获得的收益，分母部分为投资者的初始投资金额。

答：现代金融学的三个主要理论包括资本资产定价模型（CAPM）、有效市场假说（EMH）和现代投资组合理论（MPT）。

资本资产定价模型（CAPM）是一种用来决定资产合理预期收益的模型，它认为资产的预期收益与该资产的系统性风险有关。

在投资决策中，投资者可以通过比较不同资产的预期收益与其系统性风险来确定最优投资组合。

有效市场假说（EMH）认为市场是有效的，即市场上的价格反映了所有可用信息。

根据这个理论，投资者无法通过分析信息来获取超额收益。

然而，在实践中，许多研究表明市场并非完全有效，投资者可以通过分析和利用信息来获得超额收益。

现代投资组合理论（MPT）是由Harry Markowitz于20世纪50年代提出的，它认为投资者应该通过多元化投资来降低风险。

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库12TBChapter TwelvePortfolio Opportunities and ChoiceThis chapter contains 30 multiple choice questions, 10 short problems, and 5 longer problems.Multiple Choice1. A person's wealth portfolio consists of all one’s ________ and ________.(a)retained earnings; credit(b)stocks; bonds(c)assets; liabilities(d)student loans; mortgagesAnswer: (c)2.The principle of diversification usually applies to all ________.(a)risk averse people(b)risk neutral people(c)risk tolerant people(d)b and cAnswer: (a)3.Which of the following decisions can be considered part of portfolio selection?(a)Whether to buy or rent one’s house(b)What kind of life insurance to purchase(c)Whether to invest in stocks or bonds(d)All of the aboveAnswer: (d)12-14.An insurance policy that guarantees a person an income for as long as one lives is termed a ________.(a)lump sum payment(b)life annuity(c)perpetual annuity(d)life perpetuityAnswer: (b)5.The ________ is the length of time between decisions to revise portfolios, whereas the ________ isthe total length of time for which one plans.(a)trading horizon; decision horizon(b)planning horizon; decision horizon(c)decision horizon; trading horizon(d)decision horizon; planning horizonAnswer: (d)6.In making portfolio-selection decisions, people can in general achieve a ________ expected rate ofreturn by exposing themselves to ________ risk.(a)higher; no(b)higher; greater(c)higher; lower(d)lower; greaterAnswer: (b)7.The ________ the assets that make up the portfolio is found to be a very important factor whenconsidering the ability of diversification to reduce the riskiness of an investor's portfolio.(a)expected return of(b)variance of(c)correlation among(d)skewness amongAnswer: (c)12-28.Risk tolerance can be influenced by which of the following characteristics?(a)job status(b)age(c)wealth(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)9.The ________ is defined as a security that offers a perfectly predictable rate of return in terms of theunit of account and the length of the investor's decision horizon.(a)riskless asset(b)risky asset(c)30-day bond(d)30-day debentureAnswer: (a)10.A portfolio contains one risky asset and one riskless asset. The expected rate of return on the riskyasset is 0.13 and the riskless rate is 0.05. The standard deviation of the risky asset is 0.2, and the standard deviation of the portfolio is 0.075. What is the expected rate of return on the portfolio using the trade-off line?(a)0.0490(b)0.0800(c)0.0980(d)0.1175Answer: (b)11.An investor has a $100,000 investment to allocate between a risky asset and a riskless asset. Theequation for the trade-off line is determined to be E(r) = 0.05 + 0.09w. If the investor is requiring a portfolio composition corresponding to an expected rate of return of 0.11, how much should be invested in the risky asset?(a)$18,181(b)$33,333(c)$66,667(d)$81,819Answer: (c)12-312.An investor has a $100,000 investment to allocate between a risky asset and a riskless asset. Theequation for the trade-off line is determined to be E(r) = 0.07 + 0.12w. If the investor is requiring a portfolio composition corresponding to an expected rate of return of 0.17, how much should beinvested in the riskless asset?(a)$16,667(b)$29,412(c)$70,588(d)$83,333Answer: (a)13.An investor has a $100,000 investment to allocate between a risky asset and a riskless asset. Theequation for the trade-off line is determined to be E(r) = 0.07 + 0.12w. If the investor requires aportfolio composition corresponding to an expected rate of return of 0.17, what is the corresponding standard deviation of the portfolio? The standard deviation of risky asset is 0.3.(a)0.05(b)0.25(c)0.49(d)0.83Answer: (b)14.The expected rate of return on a risky asset is 0.13 and the riskless rate is 0.06. The standard deviationof the risky asset is 0.25. What happens to the slope of the trade-off line if the riskless rate changes to0.05 per year and the expected return on the risky asset changes to 0.14?(a)No change(b)The slope of the line falls from 36% to 28%(c)The slope of the line rises from 28% to 36%(d)The slope of the line rises from 52% to 56%Answer: (c)15.The formula for the trade-off line between risk and expected return is ________.(a)E(r) = r f+ w[E(r s) –r f](b)E(r) = r f+ [E(r s) –r f](c)E(r) = r f+ w[E(r s) + r f](d)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)12-416.In the trade-off line, the risk premium depends on ________(a)the risk premium of the risky asset(b)the proportion of the portfolio invested in the risky asset(c)the risk premium of the riskless asset(d)both a and bAnswer: (d)17.When one of the two assets in a portfolio is riskless, thestandard deviation of its rate of return and itscorrelation with other asset are________.(a)greater than zero but less than positive one(b)less than zero but greater than negative one(c)zero(d)none of the aboveAnswer: (c)18.The expected rate of return on a risky asset is 0.16 and the riskless rate is 0.07. The standard deviationof the risky asset is 0.2. What happens to the slope of the trade-off line if the riskless rate changes to .06 per year and the expected return on the risky asset changes to 0.15?(a)no change(b)the slope rises from 0.45 to 0.5(c)the slope falls from 0.5 to 0.45(d)the slope falls from 0.45 to 0.4Answer: (a)19.A portfolio contains a riskless asset with an expected rate of return of 0.06 and a risky asset with anexpected rate of return of 0.15. The standard deviation of the risky asset is 0.25. If the expected rate of return of this portfolio is 0.10, what is its standard deviation?(a)0.11(b)0.14(c)0.22(d)0.44Answer: (a)12-5Consider a portfolio of two risky assets with the following distribution of rates of return on risky assets for questions 20 and21. The portfolio is 55% Risky Asset 1 and 45% Risky Asset 2, and the correlation coefficient is 0.4.Risky Asset 1 Risky Asset 2MeanStandard Deviation 0.160.250.090.1820.What is the mean of this portfolio?(a)0.1215(b)0.1285(c)0.2005(d)0.2185Answer: (b)21.What is the standard deviation of this portfolio?(a)0.15958(b)0.18541(c)0.25467(d)0.34378Answer: (b)Consider a portfolio of two risky assets with the following distribution of rates of return on risky assets for questions 22 and 23. The portfolio is 70% Risky Asset 1 and 30% Risky Asset 2, and the correlation coefficient is 0.3.Risky Asset 1 Risky Asset 2MeanStandard Deviation 0.120.160.200.3022.What is the mean of this portfolio?(a)0.1716(b)0.1600(c)0.1414(d)0.1320Answer: (c)12-623.What is the standard deviation of this portfolio?(a)0.16338(b)0.14368(c)0.02669(d)0.02064Answer: (a)24.In practice, the vast majority of assets are positively correlated with each other because they are allaffected by ________.(a)common economic factors(b)firm specific factors(c)potential lawsuits(d)managerial inefficienciesAnswer: (a)25.A mutual fund company offers a safe money market fund whose current rate is 0.04. The samecompany also offers an equity fund with an aggressive growth objective, which historically has exhibited an expected return of 0.25 and a standard deviation of 0.30. Derive the equation for the risk-reward trade-off line.(a)E(r) = 0.04 + 0.25σ(b)E(r) = 0.04 + 0.7σ(c)E(r) = 0.04 + 0.21σ(d)E(r) = 0.04 + 0.83σAnswer: (b)26.The ________ refers to the set of portfolios of risky assets offering the highest possible expected rateof return for any given standard deviation.(a)minimum portfolio frontier(b)effective portfolio frontier(c)expected portfolio frontier(d)efficient portfolio frontierAnswer: (d)12-727.The optimal combination of risky assets is found as ________ between a straight line representing theriskless asset and the efficient frontier of risky assets.(a)the point of bisection(b)the point of intersection(c)the point of tangency(d)the point of highest returnAnswer: (c)28.The power of diversification to reduce the riskiness of an investor’s portfolio depends on the________ among the assets that make up the portfolio.(a)expected returns(b)variances(c)correlations(d)none of the aboveAnswer: (c)29.In the context of the optimal combination of risky assets, in order to decide on the menu of assetchoices to offer its customers a financial intermediary shouldconsider:(a)investor preferences(b)the expected returns and standard deviations of the risky assets(c)both a and b(d)neither a nor bAnswer: (b)30.An investor has $100,000 invested in a portfolio that is composed of a tangency portfolio and ariskless asset, such that 35% is in the tangency portfolio and 65% is in the riskless asset. If thetangency portfolio is composed of 43.75% Risky Asset A and 56.25% Risky Asset B, which of the following accurately displays the amount of money invested in each component of the portfolio?(a)$35,000 in Riskless Asset; $43,750 in Risky Asset A; $56,250 in Risky Asset B(b)$65,000 in Riskless Asset; $43,750 in Risky Asset A; $56,250 in Risky Asset B(c)$35,000 in Riskless Asset; $28,437.50 in Risky Asset A; $36,562.50 in Risky Asset B(d)$65,000 in Riskless Asset; $15,312.50 in Risky Asset A; $19,687.50 in Risky Asset BAnswer: (d)12-8Short Problems1.Discuss the time horizons as they relate to portfolio planning.Answer:In formulating a plan for portfolio selection you begin bydetermining our goals and timehorizons. The planning horizon is the total length of time for which one plans. Thelongest time horizon would typically correspond to the retirement goal and would be thebalance of one’s lifetime. There are also shorter planning horizons that correspond tospecific financial goals, such as paying for a child’s education. The decision horizon isthe length of time between decisions to revise the portfolio. The length of the decisionhorizon is controlled by the individual, within certain limits. The shortest possibledecision horizon is the trading horizon, defined as the minimum time interval over whichinvestors can revise their portfolios.2.What is the riskless asset if the unit of account is the Japanese Yen and the length of the decisionhorizon is a month?Answer:The Japanese Yen one-month zero-coupon bond.3.Describe the steps involved in the portfolio optimization process.Answer:(1) Find the optimal combination of risky assets.(2) Mix this optimal risk-asset portfolio with the riskless asset.12-94.Who would you expect to be more risk tolerant, a young investor or an elderly one? An investor ormoderate means or a wealthy one?A young person with a secure job can look forward to a long period of earning a salarythat will probably increase with the rate of inflation. For her, investment in stocks wouldnot be as risky as for an older person who needs to ensure a steady source of income forthe rest of his life. A wealthier individual may be willing to take more risks (than a poorerperson) because his capacity to take bigger gambles and lose is higher. That is, he maystill be quite wealthy after his losses.5.An investor has a $100,000 investment to allocate betweena risky asset and a riskless asset. Theequation for the trade-off line is determined to be E(r) = 0.05 + 0.07w. If the investor requires aportfolio composition corresponding to an expected rate of return of 0.10, how much should beinvested in the risky asset? In the riskless asset?Answer:E(r) = 0.05 + 0.07w0.10 = 0.05 + 0.07w0.05 = 0.07w0.71429 = wThe investor should invest $71,429 in the risky asset and $28,571 in the riskless asset. 6.An investor has $75,000 to allocate between a risky asset and a riskless asset. The equation for the trade-off line is determined to be E(r) = 0.06 + 0.1w. If the investor requires a portfolio composition with an expected rate of return of 0.12, how much should be invested in each asset?E(r) = 0.06 + 0.1w0.12 = 0.06 + 0.1w0.06 = 0.1w0.6 = w0.6($75,000) = $45,000 should be invested in the risky asset0.4($75,000 = $30,000 should be invested in the riskless assetThere would have to be 16 million uncorrelated drugs in the portfolio.12-107.Consider the portfolio of two risky assets with the following distribution of rates of return on riskassets.Risky Asset 1 Risky Asset 2MeanStandard Deviation 0.170.230.100.19What are the mean and standard deviation of a portfolio that is 60% Risky Asset 1 and 40% Risky Asset 2 if the correlation coefficient is 0.3?Answer:E(r) = wE(r1) + (1 - w)E(r2)= 0.6(0.17) + 0.4(0.10)= 0.142The mean is 14.2%σ2= w2σ12 + (1 - w)2σ22 + 2w(1-w)ρ1,2σ1σ2= (0.6)2(0.23)2 + (0.4)2(0.19)2 + 2(0.6)(0.4)(0.3)(0.23)(0.19) σ2= 0.03111σ= 0.17639The standard deviation is 17.6%8.An investor has a $150,000 investment to allocate betweena risky asset and a riskless asset. Theexpected rate of return for the risky asset is 0.18 and the expected rate of return for the riskless asset is 0.07. The standard deviation of the risky asset is 0.2. If the investor requires a portfoliocomposition corresponding to an expected rate of return of 0.15, what is the standard deviation of the portfolio?Answer:Use the trade-off line to find w:E(r) = r f + w[E(r s) – r f)0.15 = 0.07 + w[0.18 – 0.07]0.15 = 0.07 + 0.11w0.08 = 0.11w0.7272 = wSo the standard deviation of the portfolio is 0.2(0.7272) = 0.1455.12-119.Discuss how to create efficient portfolios when the raw materials are two risky assets and a risklessasset.Answer:Let us now summarize what we have learned about creating efficient portfolios when the rawmaterials are two risky assets and a riskless asset. There is a single portfolio of the two riskyassets that it is best to combine with the riskless asset. We call this particular risky portfolio the optimal combination of riskyassets. The preferred portfolio is always some combination of this tangency portfolio and the riskless asset10.The expected rate of return on a risky asset is 0.19 and the riskless rate is 0.05. The standard deviationof the risky asset is 0.3.a. What happens to the slope of the trade-off line if the riskless rate decreases to 0.04 and theexpected return on the risky asset increases to 0.2?b. What happens to the slope of the trade-off line if the riskless rate increases to 0.06 and theexpected return on the risky assets increases to 0.2?Answer:a. Slope = (E(r s) –r f)/σsSlope of original scenario: (0.19 – 0.05)/0.3 = 0.14/0.3 = 0.467 Slope in revised scenario: (0.20 – 0.04)/0.3 = 0.16/0.3 = 0.533 The slope rises from 0.467 to 0.533.b.Slope of original scenario: (0.19 – 0.05)/0.3 = 0.14/0.3 = 0.467 Slope in revised scenario: (0.20 – 0.06)/0.3 = 0.14/0.3 = 0.467 The slope is unchanged.12-12Longer Problems1. A mutual fund advertises a money market fund whose current rate is 0.06, and is deemed “safe.” Inaddition, the mutual fund also offers an equity fund that is considered very aggressive in terms of growth. Historical expected returns are 0.30 with a standard deviation of 0.25.(a) Derive the risk-reward trade-off line.(b) For each unit of extra risk that an investor bears, how much extra expected return willresult?(c) What allocation should be placed in the money market fund if an investor desires anexpected return of 18%?Answer:(a) E(r) = r f + w[E(r s) – r f)= 0.06 + w[0.3 – 0.06]= 0.06 +0 .24w= 0.06 +0 .24(σ/0.25)= 0.06 + 0.96σ(b) For each unit of extra risk that an investor bears, the extra expected return will be 0.96(the slope of the risk-reward line)(c) 0.18 = 0.06 + w[0.30 - 0.06]0.18 = 0.06 + 0.24w0.12 = 0.24w0.5 = wInvest 50% in the money market fund and 50% in the equity fund.12-132.Suppose you are the manager of a mutual fund and a client comes to you wanting to invest 65% of aportfolio into your mutual fund and the remaining 35% into a “safe” money market fund. The mutual fund that you manage has an expected rate of return of 0.18 and a standard deviation of 0.25. The money market fund rate is 0.065.(a) If your client invests as described above, what is the expected return and standarddeviation of his portfolio?(b) The fund that you manage has the following stocks andtheir corresponding proportions:Stock X: 30%, Stock Y: 35%, and Stock Z: 35%If we include the position in the riskless asset, what are the investment proportions ofyour client’s portfolio?Answer:(a) E(r) = r f + w[E(r s) – r f)= 0.065 +0 .65[0.18 – 0.065]= 0.065 + 0.65[0.115]= 0.13975σ= 0.65 (0.25)= 0.1625(b) Stock X: (0.65 x 30%) = 19.50%Stock Y: (0.65 x 35%) = 22.75%Stock Z: (0.65 x 35%) = 22.75%Riskless Asset: = 35.00%Total = 100.00%12-143.If we have many risky assets to choose from, how do we determine the optimal combination of riskyassets?Answer:When there are many risky assets we use a two-step method of portfolio constructionsimilar to the one used in the previous section. In the first step, we consider portfoliosconstructed from the risky assets only, and in the second step we find the tangencyportfolio of risky assets to combine with the riskless asset. Because the computationinvolves a lot of number crunching, it is best done using computers. The efficientportfolio frontier is defined as the set of portfolios of risky assets offering the highestpossible expected rate of return for any given standard deviation. The reason theindividual basic assets lie inside the efficient frontier is that there is usually somecombination of two or more basic securities that has a higher expected rate of returnthan the basic security for the same standard deviation.The optimal combination of risky assets is found as the point of tangency between astraight line from the point representing the riskless asset and the efficient frontier ofrisky assets. The straight line connecting the riskless asset and the tangency pointrepresenting the optimal combination or risky assets is the best feasible risk rewardtradeoff line.4.Suppose you have the following two stocks:Risky Asset A Risky Asset BMean 0.10 0.18Standard Deviation 0.12 0.25_____________________________________________________The minimum-variance portfolio of these assets requires investment proportions of 83.92% ofRisky Asset A and 16.08% of Risky Asset B. The correlation between the two stocks is 0.1?What is the corresponding expected return and standarddeviation of the portfolio?Answer:The corresponding E(r) = w1 E(r1) + (1 - w1) E(r2)= 0.8392 (0.1) + 0.1608 (0.18)= 0.113The corresponding σ2= w12σ12 + (1 - w1)2σ22 + 2w(1 - w1) ρ1,2σ1σ2σ2= 0.01257So σ= 0.11212-155.Is it true that investing in stocks is less risky in the long run than the short run? Why or why not?Answer:There is a widespread—but mistaken—belief that stocks are less risky in the long run than in the short run. Based on this belief, it is generally inferred that you should invest more of your money in stocks the longer your planned holding period. Two propositions have been used to persuadeskeptics that this so-called time diversification effect is valid: The longer the investor’s holdi ng period, the smaller the standard deviation of the annualized rate of return on stocks.The longer the investor’s holding period, the lower the probability that stocks will earn a rate of return less than the corresponding risk-free interest rate on bonds.Although they are true, these propositions do not support the validity of the claim that stocks are less risky in the long run than in the short run or that you should invest more in stocks because you have a longer planned holding period. Let us explain why. First, the fact that the standarddeviation of the annualized rate of return on an investmentin stocks declines as the length of the holding period increases is merely an artifact of expressing investment performance in terms of the annualized rate of return. There is no genuine diversification in this situation. You care about the amount of wealth that you will have at the end of the holding period, and there is no decline in its standard deviation. For example, compare the results of investing all of your money in stocks versus risk-free bonds for one year and for 25 years. Even though the standard deviation of your annualized rate of return for the 25-year period is approximately one-fifth of the one-year result, the standard deviation of your ending wealth for the 25-year holding period is five times greater than the one-year standard deviation. Second, it is true that the longer the holding period, thelower the probability of a shortfall, defined as the stock portfolio’s earning less than the ri sk-free interest rate over that same period. However, the risk of a shortfall depends on its severity when it happens as well as its probability of happening. If we consider measures of risk that take account of both the severity and the probability of a shortfall, there is no decline in risk as the holdingperiod lengthens. For example, consider as a measure of risk the price of insuring a stock portfolio against a shortfall. It actually increases with the length of the holding period.12-16。

Chapter OneFinancial EconomicsThis chapter contains 48 multiple choice questions, 20 short problems and 5 longer problems.Multiple Choice1.The primary goal of corporate management is to ________ shareholder wealth.(a)minimize(b)maximize(c)leverage(d)mitigateAnswer: (b)2. A ________ stock market imposes ________ discipline on managers to take actions to maximize themarket value of the firm’s shares.(a)competitive, strong(b)dispersed, weak(c)mature, no(d)dispersed, strongAnswer: (a)3. The ________ form is especially well suited to the separation of ownership and management of firms because it allows relatively frequent changes in owners by share transfer without affecting the operations of the firm.(a)corporate(b)sole proprietorship(c)partnership(d)householdAnswer: (a)4. ________ is anything that has economic value.(a)A partnership(b)An asset(c)A balance sheet(d)An income statementAnswer: (b)5. A household’s wealth or net worth is measured by the value of its ________ minus its ________.(a)liabilities; assets(b)assets; liabilities(c)stocks; bonds(d)bonds; liabilitiesAnswer: (b)6. The branch of finance dealing with financial decisions of firms is called ________ or ________.(a)investments; international finance(b)markets; institutions(c)business finance; institutions(d)business finance; corporate financeAnswer: (d)7. Bonds promise ________ cash payments, while stocks pay the ________ value left over after all other claimants have been paid.(a)variable; residual(b)residual; fixed(c)fixed; residual(d)fixed; variableAnswer: (c)8. The day-to-day financial affairs of the firm are usually referred to as ________.(a)working capital management(b)capital structure(c)capital budgeting(d)strategic planningAnswer: (a)9. A disadvantage of the sole proprietorship is the fact that the sole proprietor has ________.(a)limited liability for the debts of the firm(b)unlimited liability for the debts of the firm(c)expensive costs to establish the firm(d)limited authority over the day-to-day business decisions of the firmAnswer: (b)10. In the U.S. corporations with concentrated ownership are called ________ and corporations with broadly dispersed ownership are called ________.(a)private corporations; public corporations(b)public corporations; private corporations(c)public corporations; monopolies(d)private corporations; state owned corporationsAnswer: (a)11. Billy owns a house worth $350,000 and has a $55,000 bank account. Billy owes $270,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan and has a $12,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Billy’s net worth.(a)$135,000(b)$123,000(c)$497,000(d)$37,000Answer: (b)12. Marlowe owns a house worth $150,000, a car worth $25,000 and has an $18,000 bank account. Marlowe owes $135,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $18,000 on the car loan and has an $18,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Marlowe’s net worth.(a)$58,000(b)$123,000(c)$22,000(d)$37,000Answer: (c)13. An advantage of the corporate form of ownership is ________.(a)no liability(b)unlimited liability(c)limited liability(d)CEO liabilityAnswer: (c)14. In the corporate form, the separated structure creates the potential for ________ between owners and managers.(a)a conflict of interest(b)increased transactional costs(c)stability in relations(d)none of the aboveAnswer: (a)15. All of the following are reasons for having a separation of management and ownership of the firm except:(a)the “going concern” effect favors the separated structure(b)professional managers may be found who possess a superior ability to run the business(c)it prevents the possibility of a conflict of interest between the owners and management(d)it allows for savings in the cost of information gatheringAnswer: (c)16. ________ involves the evaluation of costs and benefits spread out over time, and it is largely a financial decision-making process.(a)Stock valuation(b)Bond valuation(c)Inventory costing(d)Strategic planningAnswer: (d)17. Shareholder wealth maximization depends on all of the following except:(a)production technology(b)market interest rates(c)risk aversion(d)market risk premiumsAnswer: (c)18. A problem with using the profit maximization criterion is ________.(a)deciding which period’s profit is to be maximized(b)the definition of “maximize profits” is ambiguous(c)the failure to consider risk(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)19. The existence of a well functioning stock market facilitates the efficient separation of the ownership and management of firms, since stock prices can be substituted for external information about ________.(a)the firm’s production technology(b)the wealth, preferences, and other investment opportunities of the owners(c)the historic costs of the firm’s infrastructure(d)the firm’s ability to meet its projected goalsAnswer: (b)20. One place to look for a statement of the goals of a corporation’s top managers is the ________.(a)balance sheet(b)income statement(c)annual report(d)bankruptcy filingAnswer: (c)21. In the absence of a stock market, managers would require information that is ________ to obtain.(a)costly if not impossible(b)costless(c)readily available(d)time-consuming but inexpensiveAnswer: (a)22. Management’s task is made much easier when it can observe the ________ of its own and other firms’ shares.(a)book prices(b)market prices(c)historical prices(d)security pricesAnswer: (b)23. ________ are entitled to a share of any of the distributions from the corporation such as cash dividends.(a)Sole proprietors(b)General partners(c)Professional managers(d)ShareholdersAnswer: (d)24. ________ is the founder of modern portfolio theory.(a)Harry Markowitz(b)Merton Miller(c)William Sharpe(d)Bill GatesAnswer: (a)25. In Germany, public corporations are identifiable by ________ after the company name, whereas private companies are denoted by ________.(a)PLC, Inc.(b)GmbH, AG(c)AG, GmbH(d)SpA, GmbHAnswer: (c)26. In the United Kingdom, public corporations are identifiable by ________ after the company name, whereas private companies are denoted by ________.(a)Inc, PLC(b)LTD, PLC(c)AG, GmbH(d)PLC, LTDAnswer: (d)27. Shareholders elect ________ who in turn select ________ to run the business.(a)a board of directors; a treasurer(b)a board of directors; managers(c)managers; a board of directors(d)a board of directors; accountantsAnswer: (b)28. In a competitive stock market, ________ offer(s) another important mechanism for aligning the incentives of managers with those of shareholders.(a)takeovers(b)increased taxes(c)liquidation(d)increased liabilityAnswer: (a)29. If a raider is interested in making a profit through the takeover of a prospective firm, the only expenses that need be incurred are ________.(a)the cost of identifying a mismanaged firm(b)the cost of acquiring the firm’s shares(c)physical capital(d)both (a) and (b)Answer: (d)30. The cost of identifying a mismanaged firm can be low if the raider is which of the following:(a)a supplier(b)a customer(c)a competitor(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)31. Takeover mechanisms can most effectively be reduced by ________.(a)directives from the board of directors(b)media intervention(c)government policies(d)public disapprovalAnswer: (c)32. The chief financial officer (CFO) of a corporation normally reports to the ________ of the company.(a)controller(b)treasurer(c)chief executive officer(d)chairman of the board of directorsAnswer: (c)33. All of the following departments typically report to the chief financial officer (CFO) except:(a)marketing(b)financial planning(c)treasury(d)controlAnswer: (a)34. The treasurer’s job includes managing all of the following except:(a)the firm’s exposure to currency and interest rate risks(b)the tax department(c)relations with the external investment community(d)the analysis of proposed mergers and acquisitionsAnswer: (d)35. The activities of the vice president for financial planning include all of the following except:(a)analyzing proposed mergers(b)analyzing proposed spin-offs(c)preparing internal reports comparing planned and actual costs(d)analyzing major capital expendituresAnswer: (c)36.Which of the following statements is most correct?(a)The shareholders of a corporation elect managers who in turn select a board of directors torun the business.(b)Partnerships do not pay corporate tax.(c) A disadvantage of the corporation is unlimited liability.(d)The government is powerless to discourage corporate takeovers.Answer: (b)37.For a typical firm, which of the following statements is most correct?(a)The CFO has three departments reporting to him: financial planning, treasury and control.(b)The treasurer oversees the accounting and auditing activities of the firm.(c)The controller has responsibility for managing the financing activities of the firm and forworking capital management.(d)The CEO is a senior vice president with responsibility for all the financial functions in thefirm.Answer: (a)38.Which of the following are financial decisions a firm has to make?(a)financing decisions(b)capital budgeting decisions(c)working capital decisions(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)39.The controller’s job includes responsibility for ________.(a)relations with the external investment community(b)preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors and regulatoryauthorities(c)analysis of proposed mergers, acquisitions and spin-offs(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (b)40.The basic unit of analysis in capital budgeting is the ________.(a)financing project(b)investment project(c)strategic project(d)variable projectAnswer: (b)41.The steps involved in any capital budgeting process include:(a)evaluating projects(b)deciding which projects to undertake(c)identifying ideas for new investment projects(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)42.Preferred stock, bonds, and convertible securities are also known as ________.(a)nonmarketable claims(b)standardized securities(c)variable securities(d)covenantsAnswer: (b)43.The basic unit of analysis in capital structure decisions is the ________.(a)firm as a whole(b)investment project(c)firm’s personnel(d)financial systemAnswer: (a)44.Which one of the following correctly orders the steps involved in capital structure decisions?(a)determining a feasible financing plan; identifying new ideas for investment projects(b)determining the optimal financing mix; determining a feasible financing plan(c)identifying ideas for investment projects; determining the optimal financing mix(d)determining a feasible financing plan; determining the optimal financing mixAnswer: (d)45.Which of the following is not a financial function of a corporation?(a)investor relations(b)tax administration(c)provision of capital(d)regulatory legislationAnswer: (d)46.Which of the following functions may be categorized as administration of funds?(a)custodial responsibilities(b)tax administration(c)internal auditing(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (a)47.Investor relations includes:(a)government reporting(b)establishment and maintenance of communications with company stockholders(c)relations with taxing agencies(d)consultation with and advice to other corporate executivesAnswer: (b)48.Oscar owns a boat worth $2 million, a house worth $lion and has $900,000 in a bank account.Oscar owes $1.1 million to the bank on the boat loan, $2 million on the home loan and has $20,000 credit card debt. Calculate Oscar’s net worth.(a)$3.12 million(b)$5.28 million(c)$7.28 million(d)$8.4 millionAnswer: (b)Short Problems1.Give a brief definition of the financial system.Answer: A financial system is defined as the set of markets and other institutions used for financial contracting and the exchange of assets and risks.2.List the markets that the financial system likely includes.Answer: A financial system includes the markets for stocks, bonds and other financial instruments, financial intermediaries, financial service firms and the regulatory bodies that govern all of these institutions.3.Briefly describe the distinction between physical capital and financial capital.Answer: Physical capital includes items such as buildings, machinery and other intermediate products used in the production process. Financial capital, however, includes stocks, bonds and loans used to finance the acquisition of physical capital.4. Give a brief description of the wide range of financial instruments and claims a firm can issue. Answer: These include common stock, preferred stock, bonds and convertible securities (standardized securities that can be traded in organized markets). Financial instruments and claims can also include nonmarketable claims such as bank loans, employee stock options, leases and pension liabilities.5.Siggy owns a house worth $200,000, a car worth $25,000 and has an $18,000 bank account. He alsohas furniture worth $4,000 and jewelry worth $10,000. However, Siggy owes $145,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $17,000 on the car loan, $40,000 on student loans and has an $16,000 credit card debt outstanding. Calculate Siggy’s net worth.Answer: Net Worth = Total Assets – Total Liabilities= ($200,000 + $25,000 + $18,000 + $4,000 + $10,000) –($145,000 + $17,000 + $40,000 + $16,000)= $39,0006.Briefly list the problems associated with profit maximization as the chief goal of corporate managers. Answer: The profit-maximization criterion has two problems associated with it. The first is that it is difficult to determine which period’s profit is to be maximized if the production process requires many periods. Secondly, if either future revenues or expenses are uncertain, then what exactly is the meaning of “maximize profits” if profits are described by a probability distribution?7.Kecia owns a house worth $220,000, a car worth $20,000 and has a $13,000 bank account. She alsohas furniture worth $8,000. However, Kecia owes $165,000 to the bank on a home mortgage loan, $17,000 on the car loan, $50,000 on student loans and has an $18,000 credit card debt outstanding.Calculate Kecia's net worth.Answer: Net Worth = Total Assets – Total Liabilities= ($220,000 + $20,000 + $13,000 + $8,000) –($165,000 + $17,000 + $50,000 + $18,000)= $261,000 - $250,000= $11,0008.Give an example of a potential conflict of interest that can arise between owners and managers of afirm.Answer: Managers being concerned with their own personal welfare may lead to concern about job security in the long run. This concern about long run survival may cause managers to limit the risk incurred by the firm and make other decisions not with the objective of shareholder wealth maximization.9.What use does the existence of a stock market serve to the manager of a firm?Answer: Observing its own and other firms’ market price of shares helps it make decisions about maximizing the firm’s value to its shareholders. If there was not a stock market, then managers would be required to obtain information that is costly, if not impossible, to obtain. This includes the wealth, preferences and other investment opportunities of the owners.10.Outline the role of the takeover in aligning the incentives of managers with those of shareholders. Answer: The threat of a takeover provides a strong incentive for current managers to act in the interests of the firm’s current shareholders by maximizing market value. If managers fail to maximize the market value of the firm’s shares, the firm will be vulnerable to a takeover in which the managers may lose their jobs.11.Outline the role of the chief financial officer (CFO) in a corporation.Answer: The CFO is a senior vice president with responsibility for all the financial functions in the firm and reports directly to the CEO. Three departments report to the CFO: financial planning, treasury, and control.12.Discuss the role of the treasurer in a corporation.Answer: The treasurer has responsibility for managing the financing activities of the firm and for working capital management. The treasurer is responsible for managing relations with the external investor community, managing the firm’s exposure to currency and interest rate risks, and managing the tax department.13. Discuss the tasks performed by the controller of a corporation.Answer: The controller oversees the accounting and auditing tasks of the firm. The controller is responsible for the preparation of internal reports comparing planned and actual costs, revenues, and profits from the corporation’s various business units. The controller will also be involved with preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors and regulatory authorities.14. Discuss why voting rights for shareholders are not adequate to compel managers to act in the bestinterests of the shareholders.Answer: Because a major benefit of the separated structure is that the owners can remain relatively uninformed about the operations of the firm, it is not apparent how these owners could know whether their firm is being mismanaged. The value of voting rights is further cast into doubt if ownership of the firm is widely dispersed. If that is the situation, then the holdings of any single owner are likely to be so small that he or she would not incur the expense to become informed and to convey this information to the other owners.15.Is it possible for government to reduce the effectiveness of the takeover mechanism?Answer: Yes. It is possible for government policy to prevent the formation of monopolies in various product markets – as in the case of the United States Department of Justice, which can take legal action under the antitrust laws to prevent mergers and acquisitions that might reduce competition.16.In terms of the financial functions of a corporation, what responsibilities do administration of fundsentail?Answer: Management of cash; maintenance of banking arrangements; receipt, custody and disbursementof the company’s monies and securities; credit and collection management; management of pensionfunds; management of investments and custodial responsibilities.17.Discuss the liability a partnership faces.Answer: Unless otherwise specified, all partners have unlimited liability as in the sole proprietorship.However, it is possible to limit the liability for some partners called “limited partners”. At least one ofthe partners, called the general partner, has unlimited liability for the debts of the firm.18.Describe the advantages of the corporate form of business organization.Answer: The corporate form of ownership has the advantage that ownership shares can usually betransferred without disrupting the business. Limited liability is also another advantage of the corporateform. In this case, if the corporation fails to pay its debts, the creditors can seize the assets of thecorporation but have no recourse to the personal assets of the shareholders.19.Briefly outline the process of capital budgeting.Answer: The process of capital budgeting includes identifying ideas for new investment projects,evaluating them, deciding which ones to undertake, and then implementing them.20.Briefly discuss the process of working capital management.Answer: Working capital management refers to the day-to-day financial affairs of the business, such aswhether to extend credit to customers or demand cash on delivery or managing cash flow.Longer Problems1.Describe the four basic types of financial decisions faced by householders.Answer: Investment decisions – whether to invest in stocks or bondsConsumption/Savings Decisions – how much to save for one’s retirement or a child’s educationRisk management decisions – whether to buy disability insuranceFinancing decisions – what type of loan to adopt in order to finance the purchase of a homeorcar.2.Give a brief description of each of the four main areas of financial decision-making in a business.Answer: Strategic Planning: Evaluating the costs and benefits associated with the firm’sbusiness line, which may change over time.Capital Budgeting: Identifying ideas for new investment projects, evaluating them,deciding which ones to undertake, and then implementing them.Capital Structure: The initial step is deciding upon a feasible financing plan for the firm.The next decision involves the optimal debt/equity mix to use.Working Capital Management: The day-to-day affairs of the business. This includespaying bills as they come due, collecting from customers, managing the firm’s cashflows to ensure that operating cash flows deficits are financed and that cash flowsurpluses are efficiently invested to earn a good return.3.Explain the five basic reasons for separating the management from the ownership of an enterprise.Answer:•Professional managers may be found who have a superior ability to run the business.•To achieve the efficient scale of a business the resources of many households may have to be pooled.•In an uncertain economic environment, owners will want to diversify their risks across many firms.•The separated structure allows for savings in the costs of information gathering.•There is a “learning curve” or “going concern” effect, which favors to separated structure.4.Discuss the types of decisions that firms must make.Answer: Capital budgeting decisions – whether to build a new plant or produce a new product.Financing decisions – how much equity and how much debt a firm should adopt in its capital structure.Working Capital decisions – whether credit should be extended to a customer or cashdemanded on delivery.5.Outline the roles of the three departments that report to the Chief Financial Officer.Answer: Treasury: This department is responsible for managing the financing activitiesof the firm and for working capital management. This includes managing relations with theexternal investment community, managing the firm’s exposure to currency and interest raterisks, and managing the tax department.Financial Planning: This department is responsible for analyzing major capitalexpenditures such as proposals to enter new lines of business or to exit existing businesses.This includes analyzing proposed mergers, acquisitions and spin-offs.Controller: This department oversees the accounting and auditing activities of the firm.Activities include preparation of financial statements for use by shareholders, creditors andregulatory authorities, as well as the preparation of internal reports comparing planned andactual costs, revenues, and profits from the corporation’s various business units.。

Chapter FifteenMarkets for Options and Contingent ClaimsThis chapter contains 50 multiple choice questions, 15 short problems, and 9 longer problems.Multiple ChoiceAn option to buy a specified item at a fixed price is a(n) ________。

an option to sell is a ________.(a)put。

call(b)spot option, call(c)call。

put(d)put。

spot optionAnswer: (c)A(n) ________ option can be exercised up to and on the expiration date, whereas a(n) ________ option can only be exercised on the expiration date.(a)American-type。

Bermudan-type(b)American-type。

European-type(c)European-type。

American-type(d)Bermudan-type。

European-typeAnswer: (b)The difference between exercise price and current stock price is the tangible value of an ________, and the difference between the current stock price and exercise price is the tangible value of an ________.out of the money put option。

博迪《金融学》第2版课章节练习及详解第8章已知现金流的价值评估：债券一、概念题1．流动性风险（中央财大2012金融硕士）答：流动性风险，是指商业银行没有足够的现金来弥补客户取款需要和未能满足客户合理的贷款需求或其他即时的现金需求而引起的风险，该风险将导致银行出现财务困难，甚至破产。

评判商业银行流动性风险及其程度的指标主要有：存贷比率、流动比率、大面额负债率和存贷变动率等。

2．利率风险答：利率风险是指由于利率变动而引起的资产与负债、债权与债务交易关系中任何一方有可能遭受收益损失的情况。

如在证券市场上，利率变动会引起证券市场价格的变动。

如果利率上升，市场要求的报酬率也随之上升，这时证券的市场价格则会下降；反之，如果利率下降，证券的市场价格会上升。

利率的变动与证券市场价格的变动在方向上是相反的。

在证券市场上，证券资产的拥有者不论持有何种具有固定利率的证券，都存在某种利率风险。

证券越接近到期日，利率风险就越小。

如果利率上升，证券资产的拥有者会因证券市场价格的下降而受到损失。

这样，证券资产的拥有者就要考虑资产组合的综合因素，尽可能减少或分散风险。

再如，在房地产抵押信贷业务中，如果贷款的市场利率下降，有可能使发放抵押贷款的金融机构陷入“存贷利率倒挂”、贷款收益下降、负债成本增加的困境。

在进行对外贸易或外汇交易时，国际市场利率的变化有可能使以外币计价或定值的债权或债务遭受经济损失。

3．到期收益率（人大2003研）答：到期收益率是指投资者在二级市场上买入已经发行的债券并持有到期满为止的这个期限内的年平均收益率。

附息债券的到期收益率按单利计息法计算其公式为：到期收益率＝[每年利息收入＋（面值－购买价）÷距离到期的年数]÷购买价×100%；按复利计息法计算其公式为：[]{}n n n r R r r r C P )1()1(1)1(+÷++÷-+⨯÷=，P 为购买价，r 为复利到期收益率，R 为面值，n 为距离到期的年数，C 为年利息。

CHAPTER 1 – Financial EconomicsEnd-of-Chapter ProblemsDefining Finance1. What are your main goals in life? How does finance play a part in achieving those goals? What are the major tradeoffs you face?SAMPLE ANSWER:Finish schoolGet good paying job which I likeGet married and have childrenOwn my own homeProvide for familyPay for children’s educationRetireHow Finance Plays a Role:SAMPLE ANSWER:Finance helps me pay for undergraduate and graduate education and helps me decide whether spending the money on graduate education will be a good investment decision or not.Higher education should enhance my earning power and ability to obtain a job I like.Once I am married and have children I will have additional financial responsibilities (dependents) and I will have to learn how to allocate resources among individuals in the household and learn how to set aside enough money to pay for emergencies, education, vacations etc. Finance also helps me understand how to manage risks such as for disability, life and health.Finance helps me determine whether the home I want to buy is a good value or not. The study of finance also helps me determine the cheapest source of financing for the purchase of that home.Finan ce helps me determine how much money I will have to save in order to pay for my children’s education as well as my own retirement.Major Tradeoffs:SAMPLE ANSWERSpend money now by going to college (and possibly graduate school) but presumably make more money once I graduate due to my higher education.Consume now and have less money saved for future expenditures such as for a house and/or car or save more money now but consume less than some of my friendsFinancial Decisions of Households2. What is your net worth? What have you included among your assets and your liabilities? Would you list the value of your potential lifetime earning power as an asset or liability? How does it compare in value to other assets you have listed?SAMPLE ANSWER:$ ____________ (very possibly negative at this point)Assets:Checking account balanceSavings account balanceFurniture/Jewelry (watch)Car (possibly)Liabilities:Student loansCredit card balanceIf renting, remainder of rental agreement (unless subletting is a possibility)Car payments (possibly)Students typically don’t think about the high value of their potential lifetime earning power when calculating their net worth but for young people it is often their most valuable asset.3. How are the financial decisions faced by a single person living alone different from those faced by the head of a household with responsibility for several children of school age? Are the tradeoffs they have to make different, or will they evaluate the tradeoffs differently?A single person needs only to support himself and therefore can make every financial decision on his own. If he does not want health insurance (and is willing to bear the financial risks associated with that decision) then no one will be affected by that decision other than that single person. In addition, this person needs to make no decisions about allocating income among dependents. A single person is very mobile and can choose to live almost anywhere. The tradeoffs this individual makes generally concern issues of consuming (or spending) today versus saving for consumption tomorrow. Since this person is supporting only himself, the need to save now is less important than for the head of household discussed next.The head of household with several children must share resources (income) among dependents. This individual must be prepared to deal with risk management issues such as how to be prepared for potential financial emergencies (such as a serious health problem experienced by a member of the family or home owners insurance in case of a fire or other mishap). Because there are more people in this household than with a single person, there are greater risks that someone will get sick or injured. And because there are dependents, the wage earner(s) should think carefully about life and disability insurance. In addition, the family is not as mobile as the single individual. Because of the school age children, the family might want to live near “good schools” thinking that a stronger education will eventually help those children’s future well being and financial situation. Thus, the tradeoffs for the head of household are more complex: more money is needed to consume today (he or she needs to support more dependents), but a lot more money is also needed to save for future expenses such as education and housing and more money is needed for risk management such as life and disability insurance.4. Family A and family B both consist of a father, mother and two children of school age. In family A both spouses have jobs outside the home and earn a combined income of $100,000 per year. In family B, only one spouse works outside the home and earns $100,000 per year. How do the financial circumstances and decisions faced by the two families differ?With two wage earners, there is less risk of a total loss of family income due to unemployment or disability than there is in a single wage earning household. The single wage earning family will probably want more disability and life insurance than the two wage earning family. On the flip side, however, the two wage earning family may need to spend extra money on child care expenses if they need to pay someone to watch the children after school.5. Suppose we define financial independence as the ability to engage in the four basic household financial decisions without resort to the use of relative’s resources when making financing decisions. At what age should children be expected to become financially independent?Students will have differing responses to this question depending upon their specific experiences and opinions. Most will probably say independence should come after finishing their education, and they have a significant flow of income.6. You are thinking of buying a car. Analyze the decision by addressing the following issues:a. Are there are other ways to satisfy your transportation requirements besides buying a car? Make a list ofall the alternatives and write down the pros and cons.Transportation Mode WalkingPros ConsTakes a long timeDestination may be too far Takes you directly where you wantto goNo out of pocket costsConvenientBicycle Bus Takes you directly to where youwant to goRequires physical strength andenduranceNo out of pocket marginal costsConvenientDestination may be too farInexpensive May not take you directly whereyou want to goReaches more distant destinationsInconvenient schedules to goMany stops, not efficientSubway InexpensiveFast May not take you directly where you want to goLocal destinations only on limited networkTrain Reaches distant destinations Moderately expensiveMay not take you directly whereyou want to goAirplane Reaches distant destinationsFast Most expensiveWill not take you directly where you want to gob. What are the different ways you can finance the purchase of a car?Finance through a bank loan or lease, finance through a car dealer with a loan or a lease or finance the car out of your own savings.c. Obtain information from at least three different providers of automobile financing on the terms they offer.d. What criteria should you use in making your decision?Your decision will be to select the financing alternative that has the lowest cost to you.When analyzing the information, you should consider the following:Do you have the cash saved to make an outright purchase? What interest rate would you be giving up to make that purchase? Do you pay a different price for the car if you pay cash rather than finance?For differing loan plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? What is the relevant interest rate you will be paying? Does the whole loan get paid through monthly payments or is there a balloon payment at the end? Are taxes and/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments?For differing lease plans, what is the down payment today? What are the monthly payments? For how long? Do you own the car at the end of the lease? If not, what does it cost to buy the car? Do you have to buy the car at the end of the lease or is it an option? Is there a charge if you decide not to buy the car? What relevant interest rate will you be paying? Are taxes and/or insurance payments included in the monthly payments? Are there mileage restrictions?7. Match each of the following examples with one of the four categories of basic types of household financial decisions.At the Safeway paying with your debit card rather than taking the time to write a checkDeciding to take the proceeds from your winning lottery ticket and use it to pay for an extended vacation on the Italian RivieraFollowing Hillary’s advic e and selling your Microsoft shares to invest in pork belly futuresHelping your 15-year old son learn to drive by letting putting him behind the wheel on the back road into townTaking up the offer from the pool supply company to pay off your new hot tub with a 15-month loan with zero payments for the first three monthsThe first is the most difficult since in practice it is simply a cash transaction involving no financing. As such the purchase is a consumption decision only and the payment choice is not a financing decision. The second is also a consumption/saving decision. The third is an exchange of one financial asset for another and therefore an investment decision. The fourth is a risk-management decision since you have subjected yourself to increased risk that is not covered by insurance. The final example is a financing decision involving a loan to finance a purchase. Forms of Business Organization8. You are thinking of starting your own business, but have no money.a. Think of a business that you could start without having to borrow any money.Any business that involves a student’s own personal service would be cheap to start up. For instance he or she could start a business running errands for others, walking their dogs, shopping etc. Along those same lines they could start some kind of consulting business. Both of these businesses could be run out of their dorm room or their own home and could be started with very little capital. If they wanted to hire additional workers, they would have to be paid ona commission basis to limit upfront expenses.b. Now think of a business that you would want to start if you could borrow any amount of money at the going market interest rate.Certainly there are many interesting businesses that could be started if one could finance 100% of the business with borrowed capital and no equity. Since you will be able to borrow 100% of the financing, you will be willing to take a lot greater risk than if you were investing your own money.c. What are the risks you would face in this business?[Answer is, of course, dependent on answer to question “b.”]d. Where can you get financing for your new business?Depending upon the size of the financing needed, students should be looking for both debt and equity financing. The sources of this financing ranges from individuals and credit cards (for very small sums) to banks, venture capitalists, public debt and equity markets, insurance companies and pension funds9. Choose an organization that is not a firm, such as a club or church group and list the most important financial decisions it has to make. What are the key tradeoffs the organization faces? What role do preferences play in choosing among alternatives? Interview the financial manager of the organization and check to see if he or she agrees with you.SAMPLE ANSWER:Local Church group. Most important financial decisions:Whether or not to repair damage done to church and grounds during last big hurricane (specifically repairing the leaking roof)What project to put off in order to pay for repair damageHow to pay for renovations to downstairs Sunday school roomsHow to increase member attendance and contributionsHow to organize and solicit volunteers for the annual Church Sale (largest fund raiser of the year)Key Tradeoffs and Preferences:Church group funds are severely limited, so the organization needs to prioritize expenses based upon cost and need. Not all projects that are needed will be undertaken due to the expense involved. An equally large amount of timewill be spent trying to raise financing since funds inflow is variable. Since not all projects can be financed, preferences of different important individuals (such as the pastor) take on great significance in the decision-making process.Market Discipline: Takeovers10. Challenge Question: While there are clear advantages to the separation of management from ownership of business enterprises, there is also a fundamental disadvantage in that it may be costly to align the goals of management with those of the owners. Suggest at least two methods, other than the takeover market, by which the conflict can be reduced, albeit at some cost.One way is to provide incentives for the managers so that they increase their pay when owners interests are improved. An example would be compensating managers with stock options, the value of which increase with the market value of shareholder’s interests. A second method is to more closely monitor the behavior of the managers. Outside management consultants and auditors serve this role in part particularly to the extent that they report their findings to representatives from ownership groups. Both of these solutions assume the management cannot effectively deceive markets or consultant/auditors through misleading information or actions to inflate the market value of the ownership shares or there performance records.11. Challenge Question: Consider a poorly run local coffee shop with its prime location featuring a steady stream of potential clients passing by on their way to and from campus. How does the longtime disgruntled, sloppy and inefficient owner-manager of Cup-a-Joe survive and avoid disciplining from the takeover market? This is not a question about a misalignment of the goals of the owner(s) and manager(s) of a firm since we have explicitly said the firm is owner-managed. If in fact the coffee shop is mismanaged the potential exists for an outsider to purchase a controlling interest in the operation and put more efficient management into place if the purchase price does not exceed the value of profits to be generated by the efficiently managed firm. If the present owner chooses not to sell he must value the firm for more than the value of the profits generated by an efficiently managed firm. Therefore his position in the firm must generate for him non-pecuniary benefits, or benefits unrelated to the firm’s profitability and he is therefore not a value maximizer. Perhaps he enjoys maki ng fun of his clients or takes pride in his eclectic tastes in interior decorating. In any case the takeover market does discipline him in the sense that he will be forced to pay for his non-pecuniary benefits in the sense that he trades off profits.The same could be said of an owner-manager who lacks the required specialized skills to properly run the firm but never the less contin ues to operate the company inefficiently because he ‘likes’ the work!The Role of the Finance Specialist in a Corporation12. Which of the following tasks undertaken within a corporate office are likely to fall under the supervision of the treasurer? The controller?Arranging to extend a line of credit from a bankArranging with an investment bank for a foreign exchange transactionProducing a detailed analysis of the cost structure of the company’s alternative product linesTaking cash payments for company sales and purchasing U.S. Treasury BillsFiling quarterly statements with the Securities and Exchange CommissionThe first two and the fourth items are responsibilities of the treasurer while the third and fifth items fall under the workloa d of the controller’s office.ObjectivesDefine finance.Explain why finance is worth studying.Introduce two of the main players in the world of finance—households and firms—and the kinds of financial decisions they make. The other main players, financial intermediaries and government, are introduced in chapter 2.ContentsDefining Finance1.11.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 Why Study Finance?Financial Decisions of HouseholdsFinancial Decisions of FirmsForms of Business OrganizationSeparation of Ownership and ManagementThe Goal of ManagementMarket Discipline: TakeoversThe Role of the Finance Specialist in a CorporationSummaryFinance is the study of how to allocate scarce resources over time. The two features that distinguish finance are that the costs and benefits of financial decisions are spread out over time and are usually not known with certainty in advance by either the decision maker or anybody else.A basic tenet of finance is that the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy people’s consumption preferences. Economic organizations such as firms and governments exist in order to facilitate the achievement of that ultimate function. Many financial decisions can be made strictly on the basis of improving the trade-offs available to people without knowledge of their consumption preferences.There are at least five good reasons to study finance:To manage your personal resources.To deal with the world of business.To pursue interesting and rewarding career opportunities.To make informed public choices as a citizen.To expand your mind.The players in finance theory are households, business firms, financial intermediaries, and governments. Households occupy a special place in the theory because the ultimate function of the system is to satisfy the preferences of people, and the theory treats those preferences as given. Finance theory explains household behavior as an attempt to satisfy those preferences. The behavior of firms is viewed from the perspective of how it affects the welfare of households.Households face four basic types of financial decisions:Saving decisions: How much of their current income should they save for the future?Investment decisions: How should they invest the money they have saved?Financing decisions: When and how should they use other people’s money to satisfy their wants and needs?Risk-management decisions: How and on what terms should they seek to reduce the economic uncertainties they face or to take calculated risks?There are three main areas of financial decision making in a business: capital budgeting, capital structure, and working capital management.There are five reasons for separating the management from the ownership of a business enterprise:Professional managers may be found who have a superior ability to run the business.To achieve the efficient scale of a business the resources of many households may have to be pooled.In an uncertain economic environment, owners will want to diversify their risks across many firms. Such efficient diversification is difficult to achieve without separation of ownership and management.To achieve savings in the costs of gathering information.The “learning curve” or “going concern” effect: When the owner is also the manager, the new owner has to learn the business from the former owner in order to manage it efficiently. If the owner is not the manager, then when the business is sold, the manager continues in place and works for the new owner.The corporate form is especially well suited to the separation of ownership and management of firms because it allows relatively frequent changes in owners by share transfer without affecting the operations of the firm.The primary goal of corporate management is to maximize shareholder wealth. It leads managers to make the same investment decisions that each of the individual owners would have made had they made the decisions themselves.A competitive stock market imposes a strong discipline on managers to take actions to maximize the market value of the firm’s shares.。

Chapter SevenPrinciples of Market ValuationThis chapter contains 30 multiple choice questions，10 short problems and 5 longer problems. Multiple Choice1.In regard to an asset，the ________ is defined as the process well-informed investors mustpay for it in a free and competitive market.(a)analyst value(b)technical value(c)competitive value(d)fundamental valueAnswer：(d)2.In corporate finance decision making，an extremely important rule is to choose theinvestment that ________ current shareholders’ wealth.(a)minimizes(b)maximizes(c)provides zero change in(d)jeopardizesAnswer：(b)3.In asset valuation，the method used to accomplish the estimation depends on the ________.(a)number of participants(b)quality of calculating instruments(c)richness of the information set available(d)geographic locationAnswer：(c)4.The ________ states that in a competitive market，if two assets are equivalent，they willtend to have the same market price.(a)Law of Real Interest Rates(b)Law of One Price(c)Law of Price Equivalency(d)Law of FuturesAnswer：(b)5.The Law of One Price is enforced by a process called ________，the purchase andimmediate sale of equivalent assets in order to earn a sure profit from a difference in their prices.(a)swapping(b)maximization(c)arbitrage(d)speculationAnswer：(c)6.________ refers to the totality of costs such as shipping，handling，insuring，and brokerfees.(a)Shipping costs(b)Transaction costs(c)Installation costs(d)Insurance costsAnswer：(b)7.The Law of One price is a statement about the price of one asset ________ the price ofanother.(a)absolute to(b)relative to(c)multiplied by(d)independent ofAnswer：(b)8.If an entity borrows at a lower rate and lends at a higher rate，this is an example of________.(a)opportunity arbitrage(b)interest-rate arbitrage(c)exchange arbitrage(d)nominal arbitrageAnswer： (b)9.If arbitrage ensures that any three currencies are freely convertible in competitivemarkets，then:(a)it is enough to know only one exchange rate to determine the third(b)we can estimate two exchange rates based on one exchange rate only(c)it is enough to know the exchange rates between any two in order to determine thethird(d)it is necessary to know all three ratesAnswer：(c)10.Suppose you have $15,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 4% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $6,000 on which you are paying an interest rate of 17% per year. What arbitrage opportunity do you face?(a)$240 per year(b)$600 per year(c)$780 per year(d)$1,020 per yearAnswer：(c)11.If the dollar price of Japanese Yen is $0.009594 per Japanese Yen and the dollar price ofChinese Yuan is $0.1433 per Chinese Yuan，what is the Japanese Yen price of a Chinese Yuan?(i.e.，JPY/CNY)(a)0.001375 JPY/CNY(b)0.066950 JPY/CNY(c)9.594 JPY/CNY(d)14.936419 JPY/CNYAnswer：(d)12.If the dollar price of guilders is $0.5634 per Guilder and the dollar price of Euros is $1.5576per Euro，what is the Euro price of the Guilder?(i.e.，EUR/ANG)(a)0.361700 EUR/ANG(b)0.877552 EUR/ANG(c)2.764643 EUR/ANG(d)5.634 EUR/ANGAnswer：(d)13.Suppose the price of gold is 51.09 British pounds per ounce. If the dollar price of gold is$100 per ounce，what would you expect the dollar price of a British pound to be?(a)$1.95733 per GBP(b)$1.5109 per GBP(c)$0.5109 per GBP(d)$0.4891 per GBPAnswer：(a)Questions 14-18 refer to the following exchange rate table. To answer 14-18 you will have to fill in the missing exchange rates.14.What is the Euro/Peso exchange rate?(i.e.，EUR/MXN)(a)0.617426EUR/MXN(b)0.641807 EUR/MXN(c)6.675516 EUR/MXN(d)16.196262 EUR/MXN Answer：(a)15.What is the Cdn Dlr/Euro exchange rate?(i.e.，CAD/EUR)(a)0.641807 CAD/EUR(b)1.558099 CAD/EUR(c)6.420 CAD/EUR(d)16.196262 CAD/EURAnswer：(b)16.What is the Euro/Cdn Dlr exchange rate?(i.e.，EUR/CAD)(a)0.3583 EUR/CAD(b)0.641807 EUR/CAD(c)1.558099 EUR/CAD(d)10.394 EUR/CADAnswer：(b)17.What is the Peso/Cdn Dlr exchange rate?(i.e.，MXN/CAD)(a)0.096201 MXN/CAD(b)0.641807 MXN/CAD(c)10.394882 MXN/CAD(d)16.196262 MXN/CADAnswer：(c)18.What is the Peso/Euro exchange rate?(i.e.，MXN/EUR)(a)0.617426 MXN/EUR(b)6.675516 MXN/EUR(c)15.581112 MXN/EUR(d)16.196262 MXN/EUR Answer：(d)19.You are travelling in FarOut where you can buy 130 kranes (a krane being the unit ofcurrency of FarOut) with a U.S. dollar at official FarOut banks. Your tour guide has a relative who dabbles in the black market and this particular relative will sell you kranes for just$0.00833 each on the black market. How much will you lose or gain by exchanging $200 on the black market instead of going to the bank?(a)you would gain approximately 1,660 kranes(b)you would lose approximately 1,660 kranes(c)you would gain approximately 1,990 kranes(d)you would lose approximately 1,990 kranesAnswer：(d)20.In estimating the value of a share of a firm’s stock，a simple model is to :(a)divide EPS by a P/E multiple(b)multiply EPS by a P/E multiple(c)multiply EPS by EAT(d)divide EPS by market valueAnswer：(b)21.A firm’s earnings per share are $6 and the industry average P/E multiple is 9. What wouldbe an estimate of the value of a share of the firm’s stock?(a)$54.00(b)$45.00(c)$1.50(d)$0.67Answer：(a)22.The value of the asset as it appears in the financial statement is called the asset’s ________.(a)market value(b)fixed value(c)book value(d)expected valueAnswer：(c)23.Consider the following stock market reaction to the information contained in a company’sannouncement. A corporation has just announced that it must pursue the issuance of company equity. We could expect to see ________ in the price of company stock.(a)a rise(b)a drop(c)a rapid rise(d)zero changeAnswer：(b)24.Consider what the stock market reaction to the following announcement would be. Acorporation has just announced that it is engaging in a stock split of the company’s shares.We could expect to see a ________ in the overall market capitalization rate and a ________ in the price of company stock.(a)rise；drop(b)drop；rise(c)rise；drop(d)rise；dropAnswer：(a)25.The ________ is the proposition that an asset’s current price fully reflects all publiclyavailable information about future economic fundamentals affecting the asset’s value.(a)public markets hypothesis(b)efficient markets exchange rates(c)fundamental value proposition(d)efficient markets hypothesisAnswer：(d)26.The market price of an asset reflects the ________ of all analysts’ opinions with heavierweights on analysts who control large amounts of money and on those analysts who have better than average information.(a)best estimate(b)weighted average(c)highest estimate(d)lowest estimateAnswer：(b)27.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. Inflation in Denmarkis 9% per year and in the United States it is 7% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Danish krone and in U.S. dollars，respectively?(a)16.63% (DKK)；13.50% (USD)(b)13.50% (DKK)；16.63% (USD)(c)13.36% (DKK)；11.28% (USD)(d)11.28% (DKK)；13.36% (USD)Answer：(c)28.The ________ theory states that the expected real interest rate on risk-free loans is the sameall over the world.(a)nominal interest-rate parity(b)real interest-rate parity(c)efficient inflation rate parity(d)efficient market rateAnswer：(b)29.________ states that exchange rates adjust so as to maintain the same “real” price of a“representative” basket of goods and services around the world.(a)Purchasing power parity(b)Efficient markets hypothesis(c)Market valuation model(d)Exchange rate equityAnswer：(a)30.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 5% per year. Inflation in Australiais 9% per year and in Great Britain it is 12% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Australian dollars and Great Britain pounds，respectively?(a)22.08% (AUD)，11.45% (GBP)(b)11.45% (AUD)，22.08% (GBP)(c)17.60% (AUD)，14.45% (GBP)(d)14.45% (AUD)，17.60% (GBP)Answer：(d)Short Problems1.Suppose you have $20,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 4% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $7,000 on which you are paying an interest rate of 18% per year. What is the arbitrage opportunity you face?Answer：You could take $7,000 out of your bank account and pay down your creditcard balance. You would give up 4% per year in interest earnings ($280) but you wouldsave 18% per year in interest expenses ($1,260). So the arbitrage opportunity is worth$980 per year.2.Fill in the missing exchange rates in the following table:Answer:3.You observe that the dollar price of the Mexican peso is $0.09618 and the dollar price of theCanadian dollar is $0.9997. What must the exchange rate between the Mexican peso and the Canadian dollar be for there to be no arbitrage opportunity?Answer: CAD/MXN = 0.096180.9997= 0.096208 CAD/MXN4.Suppose that the exchange rate is $0.2970 to the Israeli shekel. How could you makearbitrage profits with $10,000 if the dollar price of gold is $200 per ounce and the shekel price is 750 ILS per ounce?Answer：Take $10,000 and buy 50 ounces of gold at $200 per ounce. Sell 50 ounces of gold in Israel for 37,500 ILS (750 ILS per ounce). Take 37,500 ILS and exchange it into dollars worth $11,137.50. The arbitrage profit is $1,137.50.5.You are travelling in FarOut where you can buy 150 kranes (a krane being the unit ofcurrency in FarOut) with a U.S. dollar at official FarOut banks. Your tour guide has a relative who dabbles in the black market and this particular relative will sell you kranes for just $0.00685 each on the black market. How much would you gain or lose by exchanging $300 on the black market instead of going to the bank?Answer:On the official market：$300 x 150 kranes = 45,000 kranesOn the black market：$300 x 1/0.00685 kranes = 43,796 kranesHence，you would lose 1,204 kranes.6. A firm’s earnings per share are $5.50 and the industry average P/E multiple is 8. Whatwould be an estimate of the value of a share of the firm’s stock?Is it possible for firms being classified in the same industry to have different price/earnings multiples?Answer:Estimated value share of stock = firm’s EPS x Industry average P/E= $5.50 x 8= $44.00Firms classified as being in the same industry may have different opportunities for growth in the future and may therefore differ in their P/E multiples.7.The P/E multiple of BHM Corporation is currently 5，while the P/E ratio of the S&P 500 is10. What reasons could account for this difference?Answer:•BHM’s reported earnings may be higher than they are expected to be in the future，or they may be inflated due to special accounting methods used by BHM.•BHM may be riskier than the S&P 500 either because it is in a relatively risky industry or has a relatively higher debt ratio.8.The price of Hubris Co. stock recently jumped when the CEO for the company announced anincreased dividend payment for the year. What might account for such a market reaction?Answer：The market may believe the company’s future prospects look very bright (that is，higher earnings，less risk，sound growth，etc.) and that the company can sustain such an earnings growth.9.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. Denmark has anexpected rate of inflation of 9% per year and in Spain has an expected rate of inflation of 14% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Kroner and Euros?Answer: Denmark：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.09) – 1= 13.36% per yearSpain：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.14) –1= 18.56% per year10.Assume that the worldwide risk-free real rate of interest is 4% per year. The United Kingdomhas an expected rate of inflation of 8% per year and in Belgium it is 10% per year. Assuming there is no uncertainty about inflation，what are the implied nominal interest rates denominated in Pounds Sterling and Euros?Answer: United Kingdom：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.08) – 1= 12.32% per yearBelgium：nominal interest rate = (1.04) x (1.10) – 1= 14.40% per yearLonger Problems1.Let’s assume that you have operated your own business for 18 years. For the most recentfiscal year，sales were $15 million. Net Income for the most recent fiscal year was $1.5million. The book value of your business was $11 million. Recently，a firm which isengaged in similar activities to your own was sold and the following information was made public:Multiple of Book Value 0.8xMultiple of Net Income 11xMultiple of Sales 0.7xa)How would you determine an appropriate range of value for your company?b)It has come to your attention that your company has future investment opportunitiesthat would be less profitable than the competing company above. What does this sayabout the valuation of your company?Answer：a) Multiple of Sales： 0.7x = $15 million x 0.7 = $10.5 millionMultiple of Net Income： 11x = $1.5 million x 11 = $16.5 millionMultiple of Book Value： 0.8x = $11 million x 0.8 = $8.8 millionb) The valuation of your company would be at the lower end of the range.2.BHM stock is trading for $47 per share on the NYSE and $45 per share on the Sydney StockExchange. Assume that the costs of buying and selling BHM stock are negligible.a)How can you make an arbitrage profit?b)Over time what would you expect to happen to stock prices in New York and Sydney?c)Now assume that the cost of buying and selling shares of BHM are 2% pertransaction. How does this affect your answers?Answer：a) You could buy BHM stock in Sydney and simultaneously sell it in New York. Your arbitrage profit would be $2 per share.b)The prices would become equal.c)There could remain a 2% discrepancy between the prices whichwould be $1.84 in this instance.3.Suppose you have $50,000 in a bank account earning an interest rate of 3.5% per year. At thesame time you have an unpaid balance on your credit card of $13,000 on which you arepaying an interest rate of 21% per year. What is the arbitrage opportunity you face?Answer：You could take $13,000 out of your bank account and pay down your creditcard balance. You would give up 3.5% per year in interest earnings ($455) but you would save 21% per year in interest expenses ($2,730). So the arbitrage opportunity is worth$2,275 per year.4.The quotes from Hubris Bank and Modesty Bank are given below:Hubris Bank: 106 Yen/$Modesty Bank: 104 Yen/$Answer the following questions based on these figures.a)If we assume no transaction costs，there is evidently an opportunity for arbitragehere. If an arbitrageur started with $10,000，exactly how would (s)he make profitsand how much profit would (s)he make?b)As many traders engage in arbitrage who do you expect to see in the above quotes atthese two banks?c)If there is a 1% transaction cost for transactions is there still an opportunity forarbitrage?Answer:Hubris Bank：106 Yen/$ Modesty Bank：104 Yen/$a)At Hubris Bank，buy Yen with dollars (Yen are cheaper).At Modesty Bank，buy dollars with Yen (dollars are cheaper).Start with $10,000:At Hubris Bank： $10,000 x 106 Yen/$ = 1,060,000 YenAt Modesty Bank： 1,060,000 Yen x 1$/104 Yen = $10,192.31You make a profit of $192.31.b)The Yen will appreciate at Hubris Bank and it will depreciate at Modesty Bank.Eventually the exchange rate will stabilize between 106 Yen/$ and 104 Yen/$.c)Assume 1% transaction cost.At Hubris Bank: $10,000 (0.99) x 106 Yen/$ = 1,049,400 YenAt Modesty Bank: 1,049,400 Yen x (0.99) x $1/104 Yen = $10,090.38There is still an opportunity for arbitrage profit，but it has decreased from$192.31 to $90.38.5.In the United States，the real rate of return is expected to be 5% and in Switzerland it isexpected to be 4%.a)If the inflation rate in the United States is expected to be 6% and the Swissinflation rate is expected to be 8%，what will the nominal interest rates be in theUnited States and Switzerland?b)Are these markets in equilibrium?Where would you prefer to invest and why?c)What if the Swiss inflation rate were 6%?Are the markets in equilibrium?d)What are the respective nominal rates if the worldwide risk-free real rate ofreturn is 4% and inflation in the U.S. is 6% and in Switzerland it is 8%?Answer:a) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.05)(1.06) – 1= 11.30% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.08) – 1= 12.32% per yearb)The markets are not in equilibrium. Investors will go where the real rate is highest.That is，in the U.S.c) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.05)(1.06) – 1= 11.30% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.06) – 1= 10.24% per yearMarkets are still not in equilibrium.d) United States: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.06) – 1= 10.24% per yearSwitzerland: Nominal interest rate = (1.04)(1.08) – 1= 12.32% per year。

2．期货交易的真正目的是（ ）。[中央财大 2010 研] A．作为一种商品交换的工具 B．减少交易者所承担的风险 C．转让实物资产或金融资产的财产权 D．上述说法都正确 【答案】B 【解析】期货交易为交易人提供了一种避免因一段时期内价格波动带来风险的工具。
3．以下有关交割的说法不正确的是（ ）。[2012 年 5 月真题] A．期货交割是促使期货价格和现货价格趋向一致的制度保证 B．商品期货多采用现金交割方式 C．标准仓单经交易所注册后可用于交割 D．沪深 300 股指期货采用现金交割方式 【答案】B 【解析】期货交易的交割方式分为实物交割和现金交割两种。商品期货、股票期货、外 汇期货、中长期利率期货通常采取实物交割方式，股票指数期货和短期利率期货通常采用现 金交割方式。
2．远期合约（中央财大 2000 研） 答：远期合约是指在两个金融机构之间或金融机构与其客户之间签署，约定在未来某一 到期日按照约定的价格买卖约定数量的相关资产的一种合约。交易一般不是标准化的，因此 不在规范的交易所内进行，而合约的内容也由交易双方自行协商确定，包括相关资产种类、 数量、价格、交割时间、交割地点等。远期合约是相对最简单的一种金融衍生工具，它主要 有货币远期和利率远期两类。
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圣才电子书

3．对冲者
十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台
答：利用远期合约进行对冲是通过锁定价格来实现风险对冲的，而利用期权合约进行对
冲则是给投资者提供了一种保险，一方面可以使投资者免受资产价格不利变动带来的损失，
另一方面又能使投资者获得资产价格有利变动的收益。但是，购买期权合约时，需要付出期
二、选择题 1．股指期货的交割是通过什么形式完成的？（ ）[清华大学 2012 金融硕士] A．从不交割 B．根据股票指数进行现金交割 C．对指数内每一支股票交割一个单位 D．对指数内每一支股票按照指数的加权比例分别交割 E．以上都不对

兹维博迪金融学第二版试题库4T B(1)(总25页)-本页仅作为预览文档封面，使用时请删除本页-Chapter FourAllocating Resources Over TimeThis chapter contains 46 multiple-choice questions, 18 short problems and 9 longer problems. Multiple Choice1.________ is the process of going from present value to future value, whereas ________ isfinding the present value of some future amount.(a)Discounting; compounding(b)Compounding; annualizing(c)Compounding; discounting(d)Discounting; leasingAnswer: (c)2.________ refers to the interest rate at which money received before the end of the planninghorizon can be reinvested.(a)Internal rate(b)Reinvestment rate(c)Cost of equity(d)Compound interestAnswer: (b)3.The difference between an immediate annuity and an ordinary annuity is ________.(a)the number of periods(b)the amount of the payments(c)the interest rate(d)the timing of the paymentsAnswer: (d)4.The preferred stock of Tavistock Realty offers a cash dividend of $ per year and it is selling ata price of $110 per share. What is the yield of Tavistock Realty preferred stock?5.(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (a)6.Consider the situation where you have won a $10 million lottery to be received in 25 annualequal payments of $400,000. What will happen to the present value of these winnings if the interest rate increases during the next 25 years?(a)it will not change(b)it will be worth more(c)it will be worth less(d)it cannot be determinedAnswer: (c)7.What is the effective annual rate on a bank account that has APR of 8 percent with interestcompounded quarterly?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)8.You take out a loan with an APR of 10% with monthly compounding. What is the effectiveannual rate on your loan?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)18%Answer: (a)9.The CFO of CyberHelp Inc. has $250,000 in cash today that he wants to invest. How muchwill this investment be worth in four years if the current interest rate is 8%(a)$270,000(b)$330,000(c)$340,125(d)$342,150Answer: (c)10.If you purchase a $12,000 certificate of deposit today with an APR of 14%, with quarterlycompounding, what will the CD be worth when it matures in 5 years?(a)$20,(b)$20,(c)$23,(d)$23,Answer: (d)11.The CFO of CyberChain Inc. plans to unleash a media campaign that is expected to cost $15million four years from today. How much cash should she set aside to pay for this if the current interest rate is 13%(a)$ million(b)$ million(c)$ million(d)$ millionAnswer: (a)12.The NPV is a measure of how much your ________ wealth changes as a result of your choiceand if the NPV is ________it does not pay to undertake that choice.(a)future; negative(b)current; negative(c)current; positive(d)future; positiveAnswer: (b)13.The ________ is the rate that one can earn somewhere else if one did not invest in theproject under evaluation.(a)opportunity cost of capital(b)cost of debt(c)cost of equity(d)weighted average cost of capitalAnswer: (a)14.You are trying to decide whether or not to buy a bond for $990 that will make one paymentfor $1,050 four years from today. What is the internal rate of return on the bond’s cash flows?(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)15.Calculate the NPV of the following cash flows: you invest $3,000 today and receive $300 oneyear from now, $700 two years from now, and $1,100 starting four years from now. Assume that the interest rate is 7%.(a)–$1,(b)–$1,(c)$1,(d)$1,Answer: (b)16.After each payment of an amortized loan, the outstanding balance is reduced by the amountof principal repaid. Therefore, the portion of the payment that goes toward the payment of interest is ________ than the previous period’s interest payment and the portion going toward repayment of principal is ________ than the previous period’s.(a)greater; lower(b)lower; lower(c)greater; greater(d)lower; greaterAnswer: (d)17.The present value of a future amount can be calculated with the equation ________.(a) PV = FV(1 + i)n(b) PV = FV(1 + i)(n)(c) PV = FV/(1 + i)n[NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction](d) PV = FV/(1 + i)(n) [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction]Answer: (c)18.To compute the future value of a present amount use the compound amount factor definedas ________.(a) FV = PV(1 + i)n(b) FV = PV(1 + i)(n)(c) FV = PV/(1 + i)n [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction](d) FV = PV/(1 + i)(n) [NOTE: this should be formatted as a stacked fraction]Answer: (a)19.The earnings of BGB Computers have grown from $ to $ in 6 years. Determine the annualcompound rate.(a)%(b)%(c)%(d)%Answer: (b)20.In five years you intend to go to graduate school. For each of your four years in graduateschool, you need to have a fund that will provide $25,000 per year at the beginning of each year. If the interest rate is 9% throughout, how much must you put in the fund today?(a)$64,996(b)$57,379(c)$50,184(d)$16,249Answer: (b)21.As part of your new job at CyberInc. the company is providing you with a new Jeep. Yourfirm will lease this $34,000 Jeep for you. The terms of the lease are seven annual payments at an interest rate of 10%, which will fully amortize the cost of the car. What is the annual lease payment?(a)$6,(b)$5,(c)$4,(d)$3,Answer: (a)22.A rule of thumb with using the internal rate of return is to invest in a project if the IRR is________ the opportunity cost of capital.(a)greater than(b)less than(c)less than or equal to(d)one-half ofAnswer: (a)23.When considering the timeframe of an investment, a rule followed by some is to choose theinvestment with ______ payback period.(a)the longest(b)the shortest(c)no(d)an infiniteAnswer: (b)24.A major problem with using the internal rate of return rule is ________.(a)there may be multiple cash outflows and multiple cash inflows(b)the internal rate of return may not exist(c)the internal rate of return may not be unique(d)all of the aboveAnswer: (d)25.The NPV is the difference between the ________ value of all ________ cash inflowsminus the ________ value of all current and future cash outflows.(a)future; present; present(b)present; future; present(c)present; present; future(d)present; future; futureAnswer: (b)26.When considering effective interest rates, as the compounding frequency increases, theeffective annual rate gets ________ and ________ but approaches ________.(a)larger; larger; a limit(b)smaller; smaller; a limit(c)larger; larger; infinity(d)smaller; smaller; infinityAnswer: (a)27.In 10 years you wish to own your business. How much will you have in your bankaccount at the end of 10 years if you deposit $300 each quarter (assume end of the period deposits) Assume the account is paying an interest rate of 12% compounded quarterly.(a)$20,220(b)$21,060(c)$21,626(d)$22,620Answer: (d)28.The director of marketing for CyberProducts Inc. plans to unleash a media blitz that isexpected to cost $ million three years from today. How much cash should she set aside today to pay for this if the current interest rate is 11%(a) $ million(b) $ million(c) $ million(d) $ millionAnswer: (d)29.If you purchased a $10,000 certificate of deposit today with an APR of 12%, with monthlycompounding, what would be the CD worth when it matures in 6 years?(a) $56,340(b) $20,468(c) $19,738(d) $5,066Answer: (b)30.The manufacturing manager of CyberProducts Inc. estimates that she can save the company$16,000 cash per year over the next 8 years by implementing a recycling plan. What is the value of the savings today if the appropriate interest rate for the firm is 9% Assume cash flows occur at the end of the year.(a) $64,240(b) $88,557(c) $96,527(d) $128,000Answer: (b)31.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the French Franc is $ per French Franc, thedollar interest rate is % per year, and the French Franc interest rate is % per year, what is the "break-even" value of the future dollar/French Franc exchange rate one year from now?32.a)$ per FFb)$ per FFc)$ per FFd)$ per FFAnswer: (a)33.In any time value of money calculation, the cash flows and the interest rate must bedenominated ________.a)in the same currencyb)in different currenciesc)in terms of a third currencyd)in terms of the ECUAnswer: (a)34.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the Japanese yen is $ per yen, the dollarinterest rate is 6% per year, and the Japanese interest rate is 7% per year, what is the“break-even” value of the future dollar/yen exchange rate one year from now?35.a)$ per yenb)$ per yenc)$ per yend)$ per yenAnswer: (d)36.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in a Swiss projector an American project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $15,000. The Swiss project will pay you 17,100 Swiss Francs per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will pay you $11,000 per year for 6 years. The dollar interest rate is 5% per year, the Swiss Franc interest rate is 6% per year, and the current dollar price of a Swiss Franc is $ per Swiss Franc.Which project has the higher NPVa)the . project; its NPV is $55,832b)the . project; its NPV is $40,833c)the Swiss project; its NPV is $42,179d)the Swiss project; its NPV is $57,178Answer: (c)37.The ________ is the rate denominated in dollars or in some other currency, and the________ is denominated in units of consumer goods.a)nominal interest rate; inflation interest rateb)nominal interest rate; real interest ratec)real interest rate; inflation interest rated)real interest rate; nominal interest rateAnswer: (b)38.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in a British projector . project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $55,000. The British project will pay you 30,000 pounds per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will generate $40,000 per year for 6 years. The British interest rate is 5% per year, and the American interest rate is 6% per year; the current dollar price of a pound sterling is $ per pound sterling. Which project has the higher NPV?39.a)choose the . one, it has a NPV of $196,693b)choose the . one, it has a NPV of $141,693c)choose the British one, it has a NPV of $248,506d)choose the British one, it has a NPV of $193,506Answer: (d)40.What is the real interest rate if the nominal interest rate is 9% per year and the rate ofinflation is 6% per year?a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (c)41.What is the nominal interest rate if the real rate of interest is % and the rate of inflation is6% per year?42.a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (b)43.What is the real rate of interest if the inflation rate is 6% per year and the nominal interestrate per year is %a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (b)pute the real future value, to the nearest dollar, of $2,000 in 35 years time. The realinterest rate is %, the nominal interest rate is %, and the rate of inflation is 5%.a)$6,023b)$6,853c)$33,223d)$11,032Answer: (a)45.The real interest rate is %, the nominal interest rate is % and the rate of inflation is 5%. Weare interested in determining the future value of $200 in 35 years time. What is the future price level?46.a)b)c)d)Answer: (c)47.Suppose your child is 9 years old and you are planning to open a fund to provide for thechild’s college education. Currently, tuition for one year of college is $22,000. How much must you invest now in order to pay enough for the first year of college nine years from now, if you think you can earn a rate of interest that is 4% more than the inflation rate?a)$21,154b)$16,988c)$15,585d)$15,457Answer: (d)48.Suppose you have a child who is 10 years old and you are planning to open a fund to providefor the child’s college education. Currently, tuition for one year is $22,000. Your child is planning to travel for two years before starting college. How much must you invest now in order to pay enough for the first year of college ten years from now, if you think you can earn a rate of interest that is 5% more than the inflation rate?a)$10,190b)$13,506c)$13,660d)$20,952Answer: (b)49.When considering a plan for long run savings, if one does not have an explicit forecast ofinflation, then one can make plans in terms of:a)constant real payments and a real rate of interestb)constant nominal payments and a nominal rate of interestc)constant real payments and a nominal rate of interestd)constant nominal payments and a real rate of interestAnswer: (a)50.If the real rate is 4% and the rate of inflation is 6%, what is the nominal rate?a)%b)%c)%d)%Answer: (c)51.You have an investment opportunity with a nominal rate of 6% compounded daily. If youwant to have $100,000 in your investment account in 15 years, how much should you deposit today, to the nearest dollar?a.$43,233b.$41,727c.$40,930d.$40,660Answer: (d)52.You have determined the present value of an expected cash inflow stream. Which of thefollowing would cause the stream to have a higher present value?a)The discount rate increases.b)The cash flows are paid over a shorter period of time.c)The discount rate decreases.d)Statements (b) and (c) are both correct.Answer: (d)Short Problems1.CyberNow is opening an office in the . CyberNow expects cash flows to be $500,000 for thefirst year, $530,000 for the second year, $560,000 in the third year. If CyberNow uses 12 percent as its discount rate, what is the present value of the cash flows Assume cash flows are made at the end of the year.Answer: PV = FV/(1 + i)n= 500,000/1 + 530,000/2 + 560,000/3= 446,429 + 422,513 + 398,597= $1,267,5392. GeorgiaSun Inc. has preferred stock that pays an annual dividend of $. If the security has nomaturity (an “infinite” life), what is its value to an investor who wishes to obtain an percent rate of return?Answer: PV of a level Perpetuity = $= $3.Let us suppose you have a choice between investing in a bank savings account that pays 9%compounded annually (Bank Yearly) and one that pays % compounded daily (Bank Daily).(Assume this is based on 365 days). Using only effective annual rates, which bank would you prefer?4.Answer: Effective annual rate: Bank Yearly = 9%Effective annual rate: Bank Daily = [1 + 365]365 – 1= %You would prefer Bank Yearly because you will earn more money.5.Steptoe’s bank account has a floating interest rate on certain deposits. That is, every yearthe interest rate is adjusted. Four years ago Steptoe deposited $35,000 into the bank account, when interest rates were 6%. The following year the rate was %, last year the rate was 8% and this year the rate fell to %. How much will be in his account at the end of the year Assume annual compounding.Answer: Amount = $35,000 x x x x= $45,6.Calculate the net present value of the following cash flows: you invest $4,000 today andreceive $400 one year from now, $900 two years from now and $2000 three years from now.Assume the interest rate is 9%.Answer: NPV = $400/ +$900/2 + $2,0003 –$4,000= $ + $ + $1, – $4,000= $ -1,7.The manufacturing manager of CyberNow Inc. estimates that she can save the company$20,000 cash per year over the next 5 years by implementing a recycling plan. What is the value of the savings today if the appropriate interest rate for the firm is 8%. Assume that cash flows occur at the end of the year.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result5 8 ? 0 $20,000 PV = $79,8.Stroll Inc. has been offered a $2,000,000 jet under a 10 year loan agreement. The loanrequires Stroll Inc. to make equal, annual, end-of-year payments that include both principal and interest on the outstanding balance. The interest rate on the loan is 11%. Calculate the amount of these annual payments.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result10 11 –$2,000,000 0 ? PMT = $339,9.Herb Flint decides to put $2,000 a year into an IRA fund over his 35 year working life andthen retire. Assume the deposits are made at the end of the year. If the account earns 11% compounded annually, what will Herb have in the account when he retiresAnswer:n i PV FV PMT Result35 11 0 ? $2,000 FV = $683,10.Regarding retirement funds, there is some debate as to whether investors should invest atthe beginning of the year rather than at the end of the year. If an investor invests $2,000 per year at 12% over a 35 year period, what is the difference between the two funds?Answer: End of Year Fund:n i PV FV PMT Result35 12 0 ? $2,000 PV = $863,Under an immediate annuity the entire amount earns interest for an additional year. So the FV for the immediate annuity is $863, X = $996,.Therefore the difference between the funds is: $996, – $863, = $103,11.You have the chance to buy a bond for $900 that will make one payment of $1,100 six yearsfrom today. What is the internal rate of return in the bond’s cash flows?Answer: 900(1 + i)6 = 1,100(1 + i)6 =i = 1/6 - 1i= %12.Consider the situation where you are trying to decide if you should invest in an Australianproject or an American project. Both projects require an initial outlay of $20,000. TheAustralian project will pay you Aust $40,000 per year for 6 years, whereas the American one will generate $25,000 per year for 6 years. The Australian dollar interest rate is 6% per year and the American interest rate is 5% per year; the current dollar price of an Australian dollar is $ per Australian dollar. Which project has the higher NPV?13.Answer:American Project:n i PV FV PMT PV Result6 5 ? 0 $25,000 $126,892Australian Project:n i PV FV PMT PV Result6 6 ? 0 $40,000 $196,693 (Aust)NPV US project = $126,892 - $20,000 = $106,892Today the Australian project is worth A$196,693 x $ per Aust= $127, (in . dollars)NPV Aust project = $127, - $20,000 = $107,Choose the Australian project since it has a higher NPV.14.If the exchange rate between the . dollar and the Dutch Guilder is $ per Guilder, the dollarinterest rate is 7% per year and the Dutch interest rate is 8% per year, what is the “break-even” value of the future dollar/Guilder exchange rate one year from now?15.Answer:Today One Year From Now$1 @7% $Guilders @8% Guilders“Break-even” point = $ Guilders= $ per Guilder16.What is the real rate of interest if the nominal rate is % per year and the rate of inflation is7% per year?17.18.Answer:Real interest rate = Nominal interest rate – rate of inflation1 + rate of inflation= –=Real interest rate = %19.I have $200 today and am interested in finding out what its equivalent real future value willbe in 40 years. What are the two ways I have available to me in computing the real future value?Answer:pute the future value using the real rate of interest.pute the nominal future value using the nominal rate, and then deflate it tofind the real future value.20.The real rate of interest is %, the nominal rate of interest is % and the rate of inflation is %.What is the real future value of $2,000 in 40 years time Show both methods.Answer:Method One:Real future value = $,2000 x= $8,741Method Two:Nominal future value = $2,000 x= $108,Future price level ==Real FV = nominal future valuefuture price level= $108, = $8,74121.As part of your new job at CyberInc. the company is providing you with a new Jeep. Yourfirm will lease this $34,000 Jeep for you. The terms of the lease are seven annual payments at an interest rate of 10%, which will fully amortize the cost of the car. Assuming that all payments are made on time and no additional money is paid towards the lease in any year, what percent of the 5th payment will go towards repayment of principal?22.23.Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result7 10 –$34,000 0 ? PMT = $6,The monthly payment = $6,Of the monthly payment, principal = $5,247% principal repayment in 5th payment =$5,247/$6,= %24.You have decided to buy a car that costs $35,000. The dealer offers you a 5 year loan withmonthly payments of $814 per month. What is the annual interest rate on the loan?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result60 ? –$35,000 0 $814 i =The annual nominal interest rate = * 12= % per year25.A subscription to the magazine “National Tattler” states that you can purchase a one yearsubscription for $45 today, which can be renewed after a year at this rate. Alternately, you can purchase a two year subscription for $80 today. If you wish to subscribe to the magazine for two years and your required rate of return is 9% per year, which subscription offershould you choose?Answer:PV of the two year subscription = $80PV of one year subscription and renewal = $45 + 45/= $The two year subscription is the cheaper alternative.Longer Problems1.Heathcliff is currently 25 years old and expects to retire at age 65. Suppose that Heathclifftakes a job immediately and can earn $35,000 for the remainder of his working life. What is the present value of his future earnings?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result40 5 ? 0 $35,000 PV = $600,5682.In order to finance your dream home, you are considering borrowing $120,000. The annualpercentage rate is 9% and payments are made annually over 5 years. Construct the loan-amortization schedule for the annual paymentsAnswer:n i PV FV PMT Result5 9 –$120,000 0 ? PMT = $30,856Loan Amortization Schedule is as follows:3.You are 60 years old and are considering whether it pays to buy an annuity from aninsurance company. For a cost of $25,000, the insurance company will pay you $3,000 per year for the rest of your life. If you can earn 8% per year on your money in a bank account and expect to live until age 80, is it worth buying the annuity What implied interest rate is the insurance company paying youAnswer: First compute the present value of the annuity.n i PV FV PMT Result20 8 ? 0 $3,000 PV = $29,Now compute the NPV of the investment of the annuity:NPV = $29, - $25,000= $4,So the annuity looks worth buying.To compute the implied interest rate on the annuity, we need to find thediscount rate that makes the NPV zero. On a financial calculator, we find theanswer to be % per year.4. Gemma Peel is 30 years today and she wishes to accumulate enough money over the next 35 years to provide for a 20 year retirement annuity of $100,000 at the beginning of each year, starting with her 65th birthday. Assume the rate of the return over the entire period will be 11%. What is the present value of this annuity?Answer:n i PV FV PMT Result20 11 ? 0 $100,000 PV = $883,9295. The exchange rate between the Canadian dollar and the . dollar is currently $ per Canadiandollar, the dollar interest rate is 6% per year, and the Canadian dollar interest rate is 7% per year. You have $100,000 in a one-year account that allows you to choose between either currency and it pays the corresponding interest rate. What is the “break-even” value of the dollar/Canadian dollar exchange rate one year from now?Answer:. today One year from now $1 @6% $Canadian today One year from now$(Cdn) @7% $“Break-even” point = $ (Cdn dollar)= $ per Canadian dollar6.Assume that you have just taken out a $300,000 30 year mortgage with monthly paymentsat an annual 8 percent rate. At the end of the 3rd year (after 36 payments), you begin paying an additional $100 each month towards the mortgage. That is, for months 37 onward you make the scheduled payment plus an extra $100 each month. To the nearest whole number, how many additional payments (payments in addition to the first 36) must you make before the mortgage is paid off?7.8.Answer:First compute the monthly payment-PV FV Interest N Result________-300,000 0 360 360 PMT = $2,Initially, you made $2, for the first three years. After 36 payments, the remaining balance = $291,. After period 37, compute number ofadditional payments now that your monthly payment is $2,.PV FV Interest PMT Result__-$291, 0 $2, N = 281You must make 281 additional payments before the mortgage is paid off.9.The company you work for has been experiencing financial difficulties and has just filed areorganization plan. Three years ago, one of the firm’s creditors lent the firm $80,000 on a ten year annual payment loan at a 15% interest rate. Immediately after the firm made the third payment, as a result of the court settlement, the creditor agreed to decrease thecurrent outstanding balance of the loan by 20%, to lower the interest rate to 10%, and to increase the remaining term of the loan to 15 years. What will be the new annual payments on the firm’s loan, assuming all these changes take place?Answer:Under the original plan, your firm had annual payment obligations of:n i PV FV PMT Result10 15 –$80,000 0 ? PMT = $15,940Originally, your firm had to pay $15,940 per year to its creditors.After the third balance, the remaining balance = $66,318Under the new arrangement, new outstanding balance = $66,318 X= $53,054Under the new payment arrangement, annual payments are:n i PV FV PMT Result15 10 –$53,054 0 ? PMT = $6,10.Five banks offer CDs at the following stated annual percentage rates:Bank A: 10% APR compounded annuallyBank B: % APR compounded semiannuallyBank C: % APR compounded quarterlyBank D: % APR compounded monthlyBank E: % APR compounded dailyAnton has inherited $150,000 and decides to invest the money in a 20 year CD. He decides to invest the money with Bank E. If Anton had invested his money in the CD offering the best rate instead of Bank E, how much more money would he have had after 20 years?Answer:First determine the effective annual rates at each bank.Bank A: Effective Annual Rate = 10% per yearBank B: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank C: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank D: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBank E: Effective Annual Rate = % per yearBest Account = Bank BAfter 20 years, the FV at Bank B:n i PV FV PMT Result20 –$150,000 ? 0 FV = $1,016,Compare the above with the FV at Bank E after 20 years:n i PV FV PMT Result20 –$150,000 ? 0 FV = $981,If Anton had invested with Bank B, he would have earned $1,016, - $981, = $34, more.11.In order to care for their aged parents, Harold and Maude set aside today a capital sum tobe liquidated over the next 10 years. The desired income stream for their parents is $40,000, beginning one year from today and rising 6 percent per year each year thereafter. Harold and Maude estimate the investment earnings on the fund will be 9 percent per year. What amount must Harold and Maude set aside today to provide the desired income for their parents?Answer:Harold and Maude need to set up the following table and find the present value of the cashHarold and Maude need to set aside $324,702 today.。

博迪《金融学》第2版课后习题及详解第11章对冲、投保和分散化一、概念题1．远期合约（forward contract）答：远期合约是指交易双方签订的在未来某一时间、以特定的价格买卖某一特定数量和质量的金融资产或实物资产的书面协议，主要有远期商品合约、远期利率协议、远期外汇合约、远期股票合约等。

远期合约规定了将来交换的资产、交换的日期、交换的价格和数量，合约条款因双方的需要不同而不同。

远期合约的主要法律特征表现为：（1）远期合约交易属于场外交易。

远期合约的金额、数量、交割日期和方式等合同要件没有统一的标准和规格，均由当事人自行协商确定。

（2）双方当事人是确定相知的，以便于双方直接磋商达成协议。

（3）缺少了交易所和结算机构提供的担保，使得远期合约交易所面临的信用风险陡增。

为保证交易的安全，要求双方对彼此的信用、财务状况比较了解。

（4）远期合约交易结算可以通过结算机构进行，也可以由当事人自行进行结算。

（5）当事人通常采取实际交割的方式来履行合同，到期进行交货或付款。

2．远期价格（forward price）答：远期价格是指资产在未来某一日期交割时现在约定的价格。

如果远期价格高于即期价格，其价差为升水；反之，为贴水。

或者是远期外汇合约（forward exchange contract）中，由交易双方所确定的远期汇率；或者是远期利率协定（forward rate agreement）中，由交易双方所确定的协议利率。

3．即期价格（spot price）答：即期价格又称“现货价格”，与“远期价格”对称，是指在交易成交后的当天或两个交易日内便进行商品（包括证券、外汇等金融商品）和价款交付时所使用的价格。

4．面值（face value）答：面值是指标注在有价证券上的票面金额。

远期合约的面值是合约确定的交易数量乘以远期价格；债券面值是指债券发行时所设定的票面金额，代表着发行人借入并承诺于未来某一特定日期（如债券到期日）偿付给债券持有人的金额；股票面值是指股份公司在所发行的股票票面上标明的票面金额，表明每一张股票所包含的资本数额。