雅思阅读长难句一：
For example, vision is obviously more useful to species inhabiting clear open waters than to those living in turbid rivers and flooded plains.（C4T1P2）
雅思阅读长难句解析：
整个句子是由more… than… 引导的比较状语从句，然后分别在名词species 和代词those的后面插入了非谓语动词的现在分词“inhabiting clear open waters”和“living in turbid rivers and flooded plains”做后置定语。长难句翻译：
比如说，对于宽广清澈水域中的鲸鱼来说，视觉显然就比住在混浊的河流或者水淹的平原上的品种来说更加有用。
雅思阅读长难句二：
Quite often, governments try to kill off a minority language by banning its use in public or discouraging its use in schools, all to promote national unity. （C4T2P1）
雅思阅读长难句解析：
整个句子首先用quite often 副词插入句子头表示强调，主语是governments, 谓语是try，后面不定式短语to kill off a minority language 做宾语，然后加上介词by引导的的方式状语，最后插入一个to引导的目的状语。
长难句翻译：
为了增加国家的凝聚力，政府通常会通过在公共场合禁用以及在学校中不提倡使用的方法，消灭少数民族语言。
雅思阅读长难句三：
Animals at play often use unique signs-tail-wagging in dogs, for example-to indicate that activity superficially resembling adult behavior is not really in earnest.（C4T2P3）
雅思阅读长难句解析：
这句话的主语是animals，谓语是use，宾语是signs，双破折号当中的部分是插入语，to indicate是宾语补足语，indicate后面跟了一个宾语从句。Activity是宾语从句的主语，is是系动词，in earnest是表语，resembling 是现在分词做后置定语来修饰activity。
长难句翻译：
玩耍中的动物会用一些独特的标志—比如狗摇尾巴—来表明这种简单模仿大动物的行为的举动并不是玩真的。
雅思阅读长难句四：
We already know that rat pups denied the chance to play grow smaller brain components and fail to develop the ability to apply social rules when they interact with their peers.（C4T2P3）
雅思阅读长难句解析：
整个句子的主语是we，know that后面引导的宾语从句，宾语从句的主语是rat pups，谓语是grow 和 fail，最后插入一个when引导的时间状语从句，其中
denied the chance to play是过去分词做后置定语来修饰rat pups。
长难句翻译：
我们已经知道，没有机会玩耍的小老鼠，大脑各部分发育的比较小，同时也不具备运用社会规则与其他小老鼠交流的能力。
Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.—2011阅读第一篇
解析：Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere—doing做状语，they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executive’s proposals.—主句
翻译：他们已经锦衣玉食，声名显赫，即便是首席执行官的提议，他们也会提出异议且没人会觉得他们唐突。
The researchers from Ohio University used a database that covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. —2011阅读第一篇
解析：The researchers from Ohio University—主语used a database—谓语和宾语that covered more than 10，000 firms and more than 64，000 different directors between 1989 and 2004.—定语从句修饰数据库
翻译：来自俄亥俄大学的研究者构建了一个庞大的数据库，其数据是通过对1989年到2004年间超过10000家公司和64000名不同的董事调查后所得出的。
The most likely reason for departing a board was age，so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. —2011阅读第一篇
解析：The most likely reason for departing a board—主语was age—系表结构，so—并列连接两个句子the researchers—主语concentrated on—谓语those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70.—宾语
翻译：年龄是他们离职董事会的主要原因。因此，研究者特别关注那些不满七十岁的董事的“意外”离职。
Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. —2011阅读第一篇
解析：Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive，--让步状语从句it does not mean (that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship)--主句中的宾语从句.—主句
翻译：他们离任与该公司随后的糟糕表现不无关系，但这并不意味着他们不愿挽狂澜于既倒、扶大厦于将倾。
But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks，even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. —
2011阅读第一篇
解析：But the researchers—主语believe—谓语that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations—宾语从句if they leave a firm before bad news breaks—条件状语从句，even if a review of history shows (they were on the board at the time 《any wrongdoing occurred》—定语从句修饰time)--让步状语从句中的宾语从句.—让步状语从句
翻译：研究者们坚信：如果外部董事在坏消息放出之前就离开公司，即便追溯历史时人们发现一些错误正是发生在这些外部董事担任董事期间，他们的名声也丝毫不会受损。
Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.-- 2011阅读第二篇
解析：Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom.—简单句过去进行时-- chronicling their own doom编写自己的厄运。
翻译：像《洛杉矶编年史》一类的报纸似乎也是在劫难逃。
Even American newspapers，which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry，have not only survived but often returned to profit. --2011阅读第二篇
解析：Even American newspapers，--主语which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry，--定语从句修饰美国报纸have not only survived but often returned to profit.—谓语
翻译：尽管在全球各行业中实属处境不佳，美国报纸业不仅幸存了下来，还重新实现了盈利。
The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13，500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. --2011阅读第二篇
解析：The American Society of News Editors—主语reckons—谓语that 13，500 newsroom jobs have gone—宾语从句since 2007.—状语
翻译：美国新闻编辑协会估算：自2007 年以来，13500 个和新闻相关的职务已消失得无影无踪。
Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses，with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. --2011阅读第二篇
解析：Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses，--主句with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers.—独立主格做状语
翻译：读者买报纸的钱和客户投放广告的钱有了一个更合理的配比。因此，报业发展得也更为均衡。
The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody，but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive.
--2011阅读第二篇
解析：The whirlwind (that swept through newsrooms)--定语从句修饰旋风harmed everybody，--主句一but—并列连接两个句子much of the damage has been concentrated in areas—主句二where newspaper are least distinctive.—定语从句修饰领域
翻译：这会波及新闻编辑室每个部门，但对于那些最没有特色的部门影响尤大。(注释：之所以没有把每个人翻译出来是因为：人和部门如果做对比的话显得怪怪的。)
1. Libraries made education possible, and education in its turn added to libraries; the growth of knowledge followed a kind of compound-interest law, which was greatly enhanced by the invention of printing.
要点：从内容上分析，which修饰“the growth of knowledge”
图书馆的出现使教育的发展成为可能，而教育的发展又反过来使图书馆不断扩大充实。知识的增长遵循了一种复利法则。由于印刷术的发明，这一知识增长过程得以大大加速。
2. If they can each be trusted to take such responsibilities, and to exercise such initiative as falls within their sphere, then administrative overhead will be low.
如果他们每个人都能予以信任承担这样的职责，并在他们所管辖的范围内发挥主动性，那么管理费用就会降低。
3. There are probably no question we can think up that can’t be answered, sooner or later, including even that matter of consciousness.
迟早可能不存在我们想得出但解答不了的问题，甚至包括我们意识的问题。
4. The curtain was rung down in that phase of history, at least, by the sudden invention of the hydrogen bomb, of the ballistic missile and of rockets that can be aimed to hit the moon.
至少由于氢弹、弹道导弹和登月火箭出人意料地发明，那个历史时期宣告结束了。
5. Studies of the Weddell seal in the laboratory have described the physiological mechanisms that allow the seals to cope with the extreme oxygen deprivation that occurs during its longest dives, which can extend 500 me ters below the ocean’s surface and last for over 70 minutes. (三个定语从句)
关于威德尔海豹特殊的生理机制，在实验室里对其进行的研究已作过详细的描述。该生理机制使海豹可以适应长时间潜水时出现的极度缺氧。海豹长时间潜水时最深可达水面以下500米，时间可持续70多分钟。
6. The renaissance of the feminist movement began during the 1950’s led to the Stasist school, which sidestepped the good bad dichotomy and argued that frontier women lived lives similar t the lives of women in the East.
20世纪50年代女权运动的复兴产生了斯塔西学派，这一学派回避好与坏的二分法，认为边境地区妇女和东部妇女过着同样的生活。
7. Tom, the book’s protagonist, took issue with a man who doted on his household pet yet, as a slave merchant, thought “nothing of separating the husband from the wife, the parents from the children”.
书中的主人公汤姆与一个人发生了争执。这人虽然爱家中的宠物。但作为一个奴隶贩子，却认为“拆散夫妻，让骨肉分离算不了什么”。
8. We are not conscious of the extent to which work provide the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.
我们不了解工作给人们提供的能把充实的生活与空虚的生活区分开来的心理满足的程度有多大。
9. Thus, the unity that should characterize the strong system is developed by affording opportunity for diversity, which appears to be essential if education is to develop in consideration of the needs of children and youth.
因此，强大的教育体系所具备的统一性这一特点是通过提供各种机会来达到的。如果发展教育要考虑儿童和青年的需要，多种机会就显得至关重要。
10. Automobiles have been designed which operate on liquid hydrogen, but these system give rise to seemingly unavoidable problems arising from the handling of a cryogenic liquid.
虽然已经设计出液氢驱动的汽车，但是这些系统带来一些由如何处理低温液体而引发的似乎难以回避的问题。
11. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development.
行为主义者的看法是：如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境中长大，而这些刺激物又能培养其作出适当的反应能力，那么他就会有比较高的智力发展水平。
12. While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.
虽然有多少个历史学家，就差不多有多少种历史学的定义，但现代史学家的实践大都趋向于这样一种定义，即历史学是旨在重现和解释过去重大事件的学科。
13. While this boundary does not mark the outer limit of a State’s territory, since in international law the territorial sea forms part of a State’s territory, it does represent the demarcation(分界，定界，界限)between that maritime area(internal waters) where other States enjoy no general rights, and those maritime areas (the territorial sea and other zones) where other States do enjoy certain general rights.
尽管这条分界线并不算是国家领土的外缘边界，但是，因为在国际法中领海也是国家领土的组成部分，它的确是其他国家在其内不享有一般权利的海区(内水域)与其他国家在其中享有某些一般权利的那些海区(领海及其他区域)之间的分界线。
14. He finds that students who were easy to teach because they succeeded in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks.
他发现原先比较容易教的学生现在踌躇不前了：原先比较容易教是因为他们能把教给他们的所有东西都付诸实践;现在踌躇是因为他们面对着大量的在基础教科书上所没有接触过的英语词汇和惯用法。
15. The reader who peruses (细读(正式)) with some attention the following pages will have occasion to see that both operational and mental aspects of physics have their place, but that neither should be stressed to the exclusion of the other.
读者如果略微仔细地阅读以下几页就会有理由认为，实验操作和思维在物理学中都具有一定的地位，因而不能强调一方而忽略另一方。
16. The public is unhappy about the way society is going, and its view, fueled in part by the agendists and the media, seems to be that judicial (司法的)decisions
unacceptable to them, regardless of the evidence or the law, will slow or change social directions.
公众对社会发展的前景不乐观，在议事人士和新闻媒体的某种鼓动下，公众的观点似乎是：不管证据或法律，司法判决对他们来说是不可接受的，这些判决将会延缓或者改变社会走向。
17. But I would like to do the same with the acclaim too, by using this moment as
a pinnacle from which I might be listened to by the young men and women already dedicated to the same anguish(痛苦) and travail(辛苦), among whom is already that one who will some day stand here where I am standing.
我愿意利用这个时刻，利用这个举世瞩目的讲坛，向那些听到我讲话并已献身同一艰苦劳动的男女青年致敬。他们当中肯定有人迟早也会站到我现在所站的地方。
雅思阅读经典长难句100句
1. The American economic system is, organized around a basically
private-enterprise, market- oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the marketplace for those goods and services that they want most.
[参考译文] 美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济中，消费者很大程度上通过在市场上为那些他们最想要的货品和服务付费来决定什么应该被制造出来。
2. Thus, in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers, coupled with the desire of businessmen to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes, that together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it.
[参考译文] 因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效用的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源如何被用来制造它们。
3. If, on the other hand, producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost, this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers, which in turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product.
[参考译文] 另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的供给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
4. In the American economy, the concept of private property embraces not only the ownership of productive resources but also certain rights, including the right to determine the price of a product or to make a free contract with another private individual.
[参考译文] 在美国经济中，私有财产的概念不仅包含对生产资源的所有权，也指其他一些特定的权利，如确定一个产品价格和与另一个私人个体(经济单位) 自由签定合同的权利。
5. At the same time these computers record which hours are busiest and which employers are the most efficient, allowing personnel and staffing assignments to be made accordingly. And they also identify preferred customers for promotional campaigns.
[参考译文] 同时这些计算机记录下哪些时间是最忙的，哪些员工工作效率最高，这样就能相应地做出人员人事安排。而且它们(计算机)也能为促销活动找到那些拥有优先权的顾客。
6. Numerous other commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utilities to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of computers.
[参考译文] 不计其数的其他商业企业，从剧院到杂志出版商，从公用燃气电力设施到牛奶处理厂，都通过计算机的使用给消费者带来更好、更有效率的服务。
7. Exceptional children are different in some significant way from others of the same age For these children to develop to their full adult potential, their education must be adapted to those differences.
[参考译文] 残疾儿童在许多关键方面都与其同龄人不同。为了让这些孩子发展其全部的成人后的潜能，他们的教育必须适应这些不同。
8. The great interest in exceptional children shown in public education over the past three decades indicates the strong feeling in our society that all citizens, whatever their special conditions, deserve the opportunity to fully develop their capabilities.
[参考译文] 在过去的30年中，公共教育中显示的对残疾儿童的巨大关注表明了我们社会中的一种中强烈的情绪，那就是所有的公民，不管其情况有多特殊，都应享有充分发展其能力的机会。
9. It serves directly to assist a rapid distribution of goods at reasonable price, thereby establishing a firm home market and so making it possible to provide for export at competitive prices.
[参考译文] 它(广告)能够直接帮助货物以比较合理的价格被迅速分销出去，因此可以(使公司)建立一个坚固的国内市场，同时也使以具有竞争力的价格提供出口变得可能。
10. Apart from the fact that twenty-seven acts of Parliament govern the terms of advertising, no regular advertiser dare promote a product that fails to live up to the promise of his advertisements.
[参考译文] 除去议会有27件法案来规范广告的条件，没有任何一个正式的广告商敢于推销一种商品却不能兑现其在广告中的承诺。
11. If its message were confined merely to information and that in itself would be difficult if not impossible to achieve, for even a detail such as the choice of the color of a shirt is subtly persuasive-advertising wound be so boring that no one wound pay any attention.
[参考译文] 如果其信息只被局限于告知一一就广告而言，如果这不是完全不可能达到的，也是非常难做的，因为即便是一个诸如衬衫的颜色的选择这样的细节都会具有微妙的说服意味，那么广告就会如此地乏味以至于没有人会关注它。
12. The workers who gets a promotion, the student whose grades improve, the foreigner who learns a new language-all these are examples of people who have measurable results to show for there efforts.
[参考译文] 得到了升迁的工人们，成绩进步的学生，学会了一门新语言的外国人一一这些都是那些有可衡量的结果宋显示其努力的人们的例证。
13. As families move away from their stable community, their friends of many years, their extended family relationships, the informal flow of information is cut off, and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.
[参考译文] 随着家庭离开他们原来稳定的社区，离开他们多年的朋友和扩展的家庭关系，非正式的信息流动被切断了，随之而去的是对在需要时能获得可靠和值得信赖的信息的信心。
14. The individual now has more information available than any generation, and the task of finding that one piece of information relevant to his or her specific problem is complicated, time--consuming, and sometimes even overwhelming.
[参考译文] 现在每个人能够得到的信息比任何时代的人都多，而找到与他/她的特定问题相关的那一点信息的任务不仅复杂、耗时，有时甚至令人难以招架。
15. Expertise can be shared world wide through teleconferencing, and problems in dispute can be settled without the participants leaving their homes and/or jobs to travel to a distant conference site.
[参考译文] 通过远程会议，专家知识可以在全世界范围内被分享，而争论的问题能够得到解决，同时相关人员也不必离开他们的家庭或工作跑到一个遥远的开会地点。
16. The current passion for making children compete against their classmates or against the clock produces a two-layer system, in which competitive A-types seem in some way better than their B type fellows.
[参考译文] 现在这种让孩子们和其同学或时间竞争的热情导致了一个双层结构，在这个结构里面善于竞争的A类好像在某个方面要比他们B类的同辈更胜一筹。
17. While talking to you, your could-be employer is deciding whether your education, your experience, and other qualifications will pay him to employ you and your "wares" and abilities must be displayed in an orderly and reasonably connected manner.
[参考译文] 在跟你谈话的时候，可能成为你的雇主的人就一直在衡量你的教育、经验和其他资格是不是值得他雇用你，而你的"商品"和能力一定要以一种有条不紊而且合情合理的相互关联的方式被展示出来。
18. The Corporation will survive as a publicly funded broadcasting organization, at least for the time being, but its role, its size and its programs are now the subject of a nation wide debate in Britain.
[参考译文] 英国广播公司将作为一个公共基金支持的广播组织存在下来，至少目前会这样，但是它的角色、它的规模和它的节目现在在英国成了全国上下的讨论话题。
19. The debate was launched by the Government, which invited anyone with an opinion of the BBC--including ordinary listeners and viewer to say what was good or bad about the Corporation, and even whether they thought it was worth keeping.
[参考译文] 这场辩论是由政府发动的，政府请任何一个对英国广播公司有意见的人一包括普通的听众和观众一来说说这个公司好在哪里或坏在哪里，甚至要说说他们是否认为这个公司值得被保留下来。
20. The change met the technical requirements of the new age by engaging a large profess signal element and prevented the decline in efficiency that so commonly spoiled the fortunes of family firms in the second and third generation after the energetic founders.
[参考译文] 这种变化通过引入许多的专业因素从而适应了这个新时代的技术要求，并且它(这种变化)防止了效率的降低。这种效率的降低在精力充沛的创业者之后的第二代和第三代人(领导公司)的时候，经常会毁掉那些家族公司的财富。
21. Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners: and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
[参考译文] 这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，这是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
22. Towns like Bournemouth and Eastbourne sprang up to house large "comfortable" classes who had retired on their incomes, and who had no relation to the rest of the community except that of drawing dividends and occasionally attending a shareholders" meeting to dictate their orders to the management.
[参考译文] 像伯恩茅斯和伊斯特本这样的城镇的涌现是为了给那些数量很多的"舒适"阶级提供居住场所。这些人依赖于其丰厚收入而不工作，他们除了分红和偶尔参加一下股东大会，向管理层口授一下自己的命令之外，跟社会的其他阶层毫无瓜葛。
23. The "shareholders" as such had no knowledge of the lives, thoughts or needs of the workmen employed by the company in which he held shares, and his influence on the relations of capital and labor was not good.
[参考译文] 这样的"股东"对他拥有股份的公司所雇用的工人们的生活、思想和需求一无所知，而且他们对劳资双方的关系都不会产生积极的影响。
24. The paid manager acting for the company was in more direct relation with the men and their demands, but even he had seldom that familiar personal knowledge of the workmen which the employer had often had under the more patriarchal system of the old family business now passing away.
[参考译文] 代表公司的花钱雇来的经理与工人及其需求的关系更加直接，但是就连他对工人们也没有那种熟识的私人之间的了解。而在现在正在消失的古老家族公司的那种更加家长式的制度下的雇主们却常常对他们的工人有这样的私人关系。
25. Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country"s excellent elementary schools: a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of
giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, "spatial" thinking about things technological.
[参考译文] 在许多形成因素当中，我将挑选出这些：这个国家优秀的小学教育：欢迎新技术的劳动者们：奖励发明者的做法;而且最重要的是美国人在对那些技术性事物的非言语的、"空间性的"思考方面的天赋。
26. As Eugene Ferguson has pointed out, "A technologist thinks about objects that can not be reduced to unambiguous verbal descriptions: they are dealt with in his mind by a visual, nonverbal process...The designer and the inventor.., are able to assemble and manipulate in their minds devices that as yet do not exist".
[参考译文] 正如尤金弗格森所指出的那样："一个技术专家思考那些不能被简化成能被清楚的语言描述的东西。这些东西在他的思维中是通过一种视觉的、非语言表述的过程宋处理的……设计者和发明者……能够在他们的脑中装配并操作那些还不存在的装置。"
27. Robert Fulton once wrote, "The mechanic should sit down among levers, screws, wedges, wheel, etc, like a poet among the letters of the alphabet, considering them as an exhibition of his thoughts, in which a new arrangement transmits a new idea".
[参考译文] 罗伯特法欧特曾经这样写到："一个技师会坐在杠杆、螺丝钉、楔子、轮子等等当中，就像一个诗人沉浸在字母表的字母中，把这些字母看成自己思想的展示，在这样的展示中，每种新的次序安排都传达了--种新的思想。"
28. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programs and, tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise.
[参考译文] 在最后三章中，他脱下手套，将神造论者好好地揍了一顿。他描述了他们的活动和战术，而且，对于那些对神造论者的做事方式刁;熟悉的人来说，神造论者的欺骗和扭曲事实的程度可能会令这些人有一种不快的诧异。
29. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does-and all wound be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.
[参考译文] 在这本杰出的书的外纸封面上，史蒂芬杰伊古尔德写道："这本书本身就代表理性。"而它确实是这样的--而且如果理性成为神造论/地化论之间的辩论中的惟一评判标准的话，一切就都好办了。
30. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia"s Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die.
[参考译文] 经过了六个月的争论以及最后16个小时激烈的议会辩论，澳大利亚北部地区成了世界上第一个允许医生终止希望死去的绝症病人生命的立法当局。
31. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back.
[参考译文] 一些机构终于松了一口气，但是其他一些机构，包括教堂，倡导生命之权的团体和澳大利亚医学协会，尖锐地抨击这个法案，指责法案的通过过于匆忙。但是大势已定，不可逆转。
32. In Australia- where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all played their partother states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia.
[参考译文] 在澳大利亚--人口老龄化，延长寿命的技术和变化看的社会态度，这些因素都在发挥作用一一其他的州也会考虑制定相似的关于安乐死的法律。
33. There are, of course, exceptions. Small--minded officials, rude waiters, and ill mannered taxi drivers are hardly unknown in the US. Yet it is an observation made so frequently that it deserves comment.
[参考译文] 当然，例外是存在的。在美国，心胸狭窄的官员，粗鲁的传者，和没有礼貌的出租车司机也并不少见。然而人们常常得出这样的观察意见，这使得它值得被讨论一下。
34. We live in a society in which the medicinal and social use of substances (drugs) is pervasive: an aspirin to quiet a headache, some wine to be sociable, coffee to get going in the morning, a cigarette for the nerves.
[参考译文] 我们生活在一种药品(毒品)的医学用途和社会用途都很广泛的
社会里：一片用来止头痛的阿斯匹林，一些用来社交的葡萄酒，早上自己提提神所喝的咖啡，一支用来定神的香烟。
35. Dependence is marked first by an increased tolerance, with more and more of the substance required to produce the desired effect, and then by the appearance of unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when the substance is discontinued.
[参考译文] 对药品的依赖性首先表现为不断增长的耐药量，要产生想得到的效果所需要的药品剂量越来越大，然后表现为当停止用药后，令人不快的停药症状的出现。
36. "Is this what you intended to accomplish with your careers?" Senator Robert Dole asked Time Warner executives last week. "You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?"
[参考译文] 上星期参议员罗博特多尔质问时代华纳公司的高级管理人员们："难道这就是你们希望能够成就的事业?你们已经出卖了自己的灵魂，但是难道你们还非要腐化我们的国家，威胁我们的孩子们吗?"
37. "The test of any democratic society, he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column", "lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be..."
[参考译文] "对任何一个民主社会的考验，"他在《华尔街杂志》的一个专栏文章中写到，"不在于它能够多有效地控制各种意见的表达，而在于这个社会是否能给予思考和表达的尽可能广泛的自由，不管有时候这种结果是多么的富有争议或令人不快…"
38. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month"s stockholders" meeting, Levin asserted that "music is not the cause of society"s ills" and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students.
[参考译文] 在-上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，莱文宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州布朗克斯的一个教师，并用说唱音乐与学生们进行沟通。
39. Much of the language used to describe monetary policy, such as "steering the economy to a soft landing" of "a touch on the brakes" , makes it sound like a precise science. Nothing could be further from the truth.
[参考译文] 有很多用于描述货币政策的词汇，例如"轻踩刹车"以"操纵经济软着陆"，使货币政策听起来像是一门精确的科学。没有什么比这更远离实际情况的了。
40. Economists have been particularly surprised by favorable inflation figures in Britain and the United States, since, conventional measures suggest that both economies, and especially America"s, have little productive slack.
[参考译文] 经济学家们对英国和美国的有利的通货膨胀数据尤其感到惊讶，因为传统的计量方法显示两国的经济，特别是美国的经济，几乎没有生产萧条的时候。
41. The most thrilling explanation is, unfortunately, a little defective. Some economists argue that powerful structural changes in the world have upended the old economic models that were based upon the historical link between growth and inflation.
[参考译文] 很不幸，这最令人震惊的解释有一点缺陷。一些经济学家认为世界经济结构的强有力的变化已经结束了那个以经济增长和通货膨胀的历史关联为基础的旧的经济模式。
42. The Aswan Dam, for example, stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity.
[参考译文] 例如，阿斯旺大坝使得尼罗河不再洪水泛滥，但是它也夺去了埃及以前所享有的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥--这些换宋的就是这么个疾病滋生的水库，现在这个水库积满了淤泥，几乎不能发电了。
43. New ways of organizing the workplace--all that re-engineering and downsizing--are only one contribution to the overall productivity of an economy, which is driven by many other factors such as joint investment in equipment and machinery, new technology, and investment in education and training, [参考译文] 企业重组的新方法--所有那些重新设计、缩小规模的做法--只是对一个经济的整体生产力做出了一方面的贡献。这种经济还受许多其他因素的驱动，比如结合设备和机械上的投资、新技术，以及在教育和培训上的投资。
44. His colleague, Michael Beer, says that far too many companies have applied re-engineering in a mechanistic fashion, chopping out costs without giving sufficient thought to long-term profitability.
[参考译文] 他的同事迈克尔比尔说，有太多的公司已经用一种机械的方式实行公司内部的重新设计，在没有充分考虑长期赢利的能力下削减了成本。
45. Defenders of science have also voiced their concerns at meetings such as "The Flight from S.cience and Reason" , held in New York City in 1995, and "Science in the Age of (Mis) information, which assembled last June near Buffalo.
[参考译文] 科学卫士们在会议上也表述了他们的关注，比如1995年在纽约市举行的"逃离科学与理性"会议，以及去年6月在布法罗附近召开的"(错误)信息时代的科学"会议。
46. A survey of news stories in 1996 reveals that the antiscience tag has been attached to many other groups as well, from authorities who advocated the elimination of the last remaining stocks of smallpox virus to Republicans who advocated decreased funding for basic research.
[参考译文] 一项关于1996年新闻报道的调查显示，反科学的标签还可以贴在许多其他团体身上，从提倡消灭最后存留的天花病毒的权威机构，到鼓吹削减基础研究经费的共和党人(都被贴上了反科学的标签)。
47. The "true enemies of science, argues Paul Ehrllch of Stanford University, a pioneer of environmental studies, are those who question the evidence supporting global warming, the depletion of the ozone layer and other consequences of industrial growth.
[参考译文] 环境研究的先驱、斯坦福大学的保罗厄尔里西认为，科学真正的敌人是那些对支持全球变暖、臭氧层损耗以及工业发展的其他后果的证据提出置疑的人。
48. This development--and its strong implication for US politics and economy in years ahead--has enthroned the South as America"s most densely populated region for the first time in the history of the nation"s head counting.
[参考译文] 这种发展--以及其对美国政治、经济在未来几年的潜在的强有力的影响一一使得南部在全国人口普查中有史以来首次成为美国人口最密集的地区。
49. Often they choose--and still are choosing--somewhat colder climates such as Oregon, Idaho and Alaska in order to escape smog.crime and other plagues of urbanization in the Golden State.
[参考译文] 他们常常选择--现在依然这样选择--居住在那些气候较为寒冷的地区，比如俄勒冈、爱达荷，还有阿拉斯加，为的是逃避烟雾、犯罪，以及"金州"(加利福尼亚)城市化进程中的其他问题。
50. As a result, California"s growth rate dropped during the 1970"s, to 18.5 percent--little more than two thirds the 1960"s growth figure and considerably below that of other Western states.
[参考译文] 结果，加利福尼亚的人口增长率在20世纪70年代时下降到了18.5%一一稍高于60年代增长率的三分之二，大大低于西部其他各州。
51. Unlike most of the world"s volcanoes, they are not always found at the boundaries of the great drifting plates that make up the earth"s surface; on the contrary, many of them lie deep in the interior of a plate.
[参考译文] 跟世界上的大多数火山不同的是，它们并不总是在由构成地球表面巨大漂流板块之间的边界上出现;相反，它们中有许多位于一个板块较纵深的内部。
52. The relative motion of the plates carrying these continents has been constructed in detail, but the motion of the plates with respect to another cannot readily be translated into motion with respect to the earth"s interior.
[参考译文] 携带这些大陆板块的相对运动已经能够被详细地表述出来，但是这些板块相对于另一些板块的运动还不能轻易地解释为它们相对于地球内部的运动。
53. As the dome grows, it develops seed fissures(cracks); in at least a few cases the continent may break entirely along some of these fissures, so that the hot spot initiates the formation of a new ocean.
[参考译文] 当圆顶开始扩大，它将发展成为裂缝。至少在一些情况里，这些裂缝将最终分裂为单独的陆地板块，因此，热的地方开始变成新的海洋的雏形。
54. While warnings are often appropriate and necessary--the dangers of drug interactions, for example--and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isn"t clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured.
[参考译文] 尽管警告常常是适当而且必须的--比如对于药物相互作用的危
险提出警告--许多警告还是按州或联邦政府规定要求给出的，然而我们并不清楚，如果顾客受到伤害时，这些警告是不是确实可以使得生产者和销售者豁免责任。
55. At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight--issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
[参考译文] 与此同时，美国法律研究所--由一群法官、律师和理论专家组成，他们的建议分量极重--发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。
56. In the past year, however, software companies have developed tools that allow companies to "push" information directly out to consumers, transmitting marketing messages directly to targeted customers.
[参考译文] 但是，在过去的一年间，软件公司已经开发出工具，使得公司可以直接将信息"推出"给顾客，直接把营销讯息传递给目标顾客。
57. The examples of Virtual Vineyards, https://www.doczj.com/doc/b7381145.html,, and other pioneers show that a Web site selling the right kind of products with the right mix of interactivity, hospitality, and security will attract online customers.
[参考译文] 像Virtual Vineyards，https://www.doczj.com/doc/b7381145.html,这样的先驱网站表明，一个将交互性、热情服务和安全性合理结合以销售同类商品的网址是可以吸引网上客户注意的。
58. An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students" career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical education reform.
[参考译文] 有些人为了学生的就业前景为教室里放置电脑而辩，有些人为教育的彻底改革中更为广泛的理由为教室里放置电脑而辩，这两群人之间有一条无形的界线。
59. Rather, we have a certain conception of the American citizen, a character who is incomplete if he cannot competently access how his livelihood and happiness are affected by things outside of himself.
[参考译文] 我们更应该具有的是作为美国公民的某种观念，这个公民人物如果不能很恰当地认识到自己的生存和幸福是如何受到自身之外的事物的影响，那么其公民特征就是不完整的。
60. Besides, this is unlikely to produce the needed number of every kind of professional in a country as large as ours and where the economy is spread over so many states and involves so many international corporations.
[参考译文] 另外，在我们这么一个大国里，经济延展到这么多的州、涉及到这么多的国际公司，因而要按照数量培养出所需的各类专业人员是不大可能的
61.But,for a small group of students, professional training might be the way to go since well-developed skills, all other factors being equal, can be the difference between having a job and not.
[参考译文] 但是，对一个小部分学生来说，职业教育也是条可取的路径。因为在其他因素相同的情况下，技能的娴熟是得到工作与否的关键。
62. Declaring that he was opposed to using this unusual animal husbandry technique to clone humans, he ordered that federal funds not be used for such an experiment-although no one had proposed to do so--and asked an independent panel of experts chaired by Princeton President Harold Shapiro to report back to the White House in 90 days with recommendations for a national policy on human cloning.
[参考译文] 他宣布自己反对使用这种非同寻常的畜牧繁殖技术来克隆人类，并下令. 不准联邦政府基金用于做此类试验--尽管还没有人建议这么做--他还请一个以普林斯顿大学校长哈罗得夏皮罗为首的独立的专家组在90 天内向白宫汇报关于制定有关克隆人的国家政策的建议。
63. In a draft preface to the recommendations, discussed at the 17 May meeting, Shapiro suggested that the panel had found a broad consensus that it would be "morally unacceptable to attempt to create a human child by adult nuclear cloning".
[参考译文] 在5月17日的会议上所讨论的这份建议书的序言草案中，夏皮罗提出，专家组已经达成广泛共识，那就是"试图通过成人细胞核克隆来制造人类幼儿的做法在道德上是不可接受的"。
64. Because current federal law already forbids the use of federal funds to create embryos (the earliest stage of human offspring before birth) for research or to knowingly endanger an embryo"s life, NBAC will remain silent on embryo research.
[参考译文] 因为现今的联邦法律已经禁止使用联邦基金克隆胚胎(人类后裔在出生前的最早阶段)用于研究或者有意地威胁胚胎的生命，NBAC在胚胎研究上将保持沉默。
65. If experiments are planned and carried out according to plan as faithfully as the reports in the science journals indicate, then it is perfectly logical for management to expect research to produce results measurable in dollars and cents.
[参考译文] 如果试验是像科学杂志上的报告所示的那样如实地根据计划规划和实施的话，那么对管理层来说，期待研究能够产生可以用金钱衡量的结果是完全合理的。
66. It is entirely reasonable for auditors to believe that scientists who know exactly where they are going and how they will get there should not be distracted by the necessity of keeping one eye on the cash register while the other eye is on the microscope.
[参考译文] 审查者完全有理由相信，知道自己准备做什么、怎么做的科学家不应该因为必须一只眼盯着收银机，一只眼盯着显微镜而分散了注意力。
67. Nor, if regularity and conformity to a standard pattern are as desirable to the scientist as the writing of his papers would appear to reflect, is management to be blamed for discriminating against the "odd balls" among researchers in favor of more conventional thinkers who "work well with the team."
[参考译文] 如果科学家对标准式样的整齐划一的要求就像他论文的写作所反映的一样，那么管理层就不该因歧视研究者中的"思维与众不同的人"，喜欢其中较为传统的"善于团队合作"的思想者而受到指责了。
68. The grand mediocrity of today--everyone being the same in survival and number of off- spring--means that natural selection has lost 80% of its power in upper-middle-class India compared to the tribe.
[参考译文] 当今人与人在很大程度上的平等--即面对自然淘汰法则人人机
会均等，并且连子嗣的数目都一样--意味着和在印度土著部落中的情况相比，印度中上层阶级中已丧失了80%的自然选择中的优势。
69. When a new movement in art attains a certain fashion, it is advisable to find out what its advocates are aiming at, for, however farfetched and unreasonable their principles may seem today, it is possible that in years to come they may be regarded as normal.
[参考译文] 当艺术领域的一个新运动发展成某种流行时尚时，最好应该弄清这场运动倡导者的真正意图，因为，不管他们的原则在今天看来多么牵强无理，很可能多年以后他们的理论会被视为正常。
70. With regard to Futurist poetry, however, the case is rather difficult, for whatever Futurist poetry may be even admitting that the theory on which it is based may be right--it can hardly be classed as Literature.
[参考译文] 然而就未来主义诗歌来说，情况则不这么简单了，因为不管未来主义诗歌是什么--就算承认它赖以存在的理论基础都是正确的--这种形式也很难被归入文学。
71. But it is a little upsetting to read in the explanatory notes that a certain line describes a fight between a Turkish and a Bulgarian officer on a bridge off which they both fall into the river--and then to find that the line consists of the noise of their falling and the weights of the officers, "Pluff! Pluff!" A hundred and eighty-five kilograms."
[参考译文] 但当我们先是从注释中得知某诗行讲述了一个土耳其军官和一个保加利亚军官在桥上动手打架并双双掉进河里，而后却发现该行诗中不过只充斥着"扑通，扑通，185公斤重"这类对他们落水时的动静以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。
72. The coming of age of the postwar baby boom and an entry of women into the male- domiated job market have limited the opportunities of teen-agers who are already questioning the heavy personal sacrifices involved in climbing Janpan"s rigid social ladder to good schools and jobs.
[参考译文] 战后婴儿潮一代的步入成年以及女性打入男性主导的劳动力市场使得青少年的发展机会变得极为有限，他们已经在不停地质疑为了爬上日本国内那通往优秀学校和体面工作的严酷的社会阶梯而做出的巨大的个人牺牲。
雅思阅读长难句分析(十二) 雅思阅读长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。今天，雅思小编就给大家具体分析一下剑桥真题中出现过的长难句，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的分析技巧，攻克雅思阅读长难句，不再是个传说。 1. These misconceptions do not remain isolated but become incorporated into a multifaceted, but organised, conceptual framework, making it and the component ideas, some of which are erroneous, more robust but also accessible to modification. (剑4 Test 1 Passage 1) 译文：这些误解不是孤立存在的，而是组成了一个尽管多层面却十分有条理的概念体系，这一点使得该体系本身及其所有组成的观点更加难以攻破，有些观点甚至本身就是错误的，但是也正是这样，它们反而更容易改动。 这个句子主要难在词汇和句子结构上。我们先来学习一下下面几个词汇： 1. multifaceted：多层面的；多才多艺的 2. component: 组成部分的 3. erroneous：错误的 4. robust: 粗鲁的；强健的 5. incorporated：组成的，合并的 我们该来分析一下句子结构：句子主语是These misconceptions，并列谓语do not remain ……but become，其中有not……but 句式，宾语是isolated，incorporated into…… framework。Making作结果状语，which引导限制性定语从句修饰the component ideas。
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s econom directly bound up with the efficiency of its
雅思阅读长难句分析作业（2011-12-23） 1.From a number of recent studies, it has become clear that blind people can appreciate the use of outlines and perspectives to describe the arrangement of objects and other surfaces in space. But pictures are more than literal representations. 翻译： In this paragraph the writer makes the point that blind people A.may be interested in studying art. B.can draw outlines of different objects and surface. C.can recognize conventions such as perspective. D.can draw accurately. 1.This fact was drawn to my attention dramatically when a blind woman in one of my investigations decided on her own initiative to draw a wheel as it was spinning .To show this motion, she traced a curve inside the circle. I was taken aback. 翻译：
雅思阅读长难句的分类和实例分析从常见的主从复合句、并列复合句和其他特殊句式三个方面分享了这些复杂结构的分析方法，大家可以参考一下，希望能提高大家的备考质量。 一、主从复合句：是指一个句子中有两个或两个以上主谓结构，并且其中一个(或更多)主谓结构作为句子的某些成分。常见的主从复合句有名词性从句(主语从句、同位语从句、表语从句、宾语从句)、定语从句和状语从句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：同位语从句+定语从句+状语从句 Second, we make a very conservative assumption that we are looking for a life form that is pretty well like us, since if it differs radically from us we may well not recognise it as a life form, quite apart from whether we are able to communicate with it. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：这句话的主干是we make a very conservative assumption that…that…since if…whether…。第一个That引导的从句作assumption的同位语，第二个that引导定语从句修饰a life form，since引导时间状语从句，if引导条件状语从句。 译文：第二，我们保守地假定我们正在搜寻的生命形式和人类非常相似，如果形势完全不同，那么我们可能不会把它看作一种生命形式，更不用说能否与它进行交流了。 二、并列复合句：由两个或两个以上的分句通过一些并列连词(but、and、not only…but also…、neither…nor…、yet、while、so等)，构成的复合句。常见的并列复合句可以分为并列关系复合句、转折关系复合句、因果关系复合句和选择关系复合句。给大家举个例子吧： 例：并列关系复合句 The technology for dealing with the hostile saline environment under the sea has been developed in the North Sea oil industry and much is already known about turbine blade design, because of wind power and ship propellers. (剑9 Test 3 Passage 2) 句子结构分析：and连接两个并列句，第一个句子是被动语态，为现在完成时，句子主干是The technology has been developed in the North Sea oil industry 。第二个句子是主系表结构，为一般现在时，句子主干是much is already known about turbine blade design，because of作原因状语。 译文：应对海底恶劣盐渍环境的技术已经在北海油田工业中得以研发，而且得益于对风力发电及船只螺旋桨等技术的积累，人们对涡轮机叶片的设计已经有了很多了解。 三、其他特殊句式：除了上面给大家分享的一些复合句之外，雅思阅读中还会出现一些倒装、省略、强调等特殊句式，同学们备考的时候要注意一下。例子如下： 例1 ：强调句式
小编仔细分析了一下，发现生词多、长难句多、不熟悉解题技巧是考生觉得雅思阅读时间紧张的原因。所以，小编整理了雅思阅读中的15个长难句分析，希望大家可以克服长难句这个壁垒。 1. Ahomeowner can get hurt trying to use the wrong kind of extinguisher on anelectrical fire. 2.Bolenciecwcz was staring at the floor, trying to think, his huge hands rubbingtogether, his face red. 3. Facingthe Atlantic, it is on the northeastern coast of the United States, and most ofthe city is built on islands. 4. He sat infront of them, dressed in a plain, ill-fitting suit, never moving, his dustyface masking his age. 5. Freedfrom TV, forced to find their activities, they might take a ride together towatch the sunset. 6. Over 800full-time thatchers are employed in England and Wales today, maintaining andrenewing the old roofs as well as thatching newer houses. 7. He hadnever been to school or university but had studied privately and by the time hewas twenty he was a skillful chemist and excellent linguist, speaking Swedish,Russian, German, France, and English. 8. Thematerials used – copper, stainless steel, concrete and glass- give the buildinga striking beauty. 9. Afterall, eighty was a special birthday, another decade lived or endured just as youchose to look at it. 10. But atleast they would distinguish the organizations entitled to a continuing voicein the dialogue with the research community about the rights of animals inresearch from the organizations that deserve no say. 11.Registering for classes, becoming familiar with the buildings on campus, buyingbooks, adding and dropping classes, and paying fees are confusing for everyone.
雅思阅读长难句分析 1.There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title A Table Alphabeticall ‘of hard usuall English wordes’. 翻译：当然，过去也有词典，第一部词典是一本大约120页的小册子，它由一位叫罗伯特·考德雷的人编纂而成并于1604年出版，书名叫《疑难常用英语词汇表》。 词汇：compile v. 编写，编纂 a certain 某一 publish v. 出版 under the title 名叫……，题为…… 分析： 主干部分：There had been dictionaries in the past. （倒装句） 独立主格结构：the first of these being a little book of some 120 pages The first of these 逻辑主语 Being a little book of some 120 pages 分词短语 状语成分：compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, publishe d ... wordes’. （过去分词短语作状语） 2.Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries is associated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define and circumscribe the various worlds to conquer --- lexical as well as social and commercial. 翻译：除了从混乱中建立起秩序的实际需要，词典的兴起也与英国中产阶级的兴起息息相关，他们急切地希望能定义和界定各种各样等待他们去征服的领域——词汇领域，社会领域以及商业领域。 词汇： Chaos n. 混乱，紊乱 新通教育
1. An alternative to this notion of genetic programming is to see the teacher-subjects’ actions as a result of the social environment under which the experiment was carried out. 2. An action such as shocking a victim, which in isolation appears evil, acquires a completely different meaning when placed in this setting. 3. Here we have two radically different explanations for why so many teacher-subjects were willing to forgo their sense of personal responsibility for the sake of an institutional authority figure. 4. That would matter less if people applied the same degree of skepticism to environmental lobbying as they do to lobby groups in other fields. 5. One form of pollution –the release of greenhouse gases that causes global warming –does appear to be a phenomenon that is going to extend well into our future, but its total impact is unlikely to pose a devastating problem. 6. Thus, in this explanation the subject merges his unique personality and personal and moral code with that of larger institutional structures, surrendering individual properties like loyalty, self-sacrifice and discipline to the service of malevolent systems of authority. 7. A modern hard-core sociobiologist might even go so far as to claim that this aggressive instinct evolved as an advantageous trait, having been of survival value to our ancestors in their struggle against the hardships of life on the plains and in the carves, ultimately finding its way into our genetic make-up as a remnant of our ancient animal ways. 8. Yet opinion polls suggest that many people nurture the belief that environmental standards are declining and four factors seem to cause this disjunction between perception and reality. 9. Yet a green organization opposing such a weakening is seen as altruistic, even if an impartial view of the control in question might suggest they are doing more harm than good.
31.A further argument against the simple wear and tear theory is the observation that the time within which organism age lies between a few days (even a few hours for unicellular organisms) and several thousand years, with mammoth trees. 32.there is a big sport center under construction which will be very impressive when it’s finished. 33.So, to give you some idea of what’s on, and to help you choose from the many possibilities,we have made a selection of the star attractions. 35.I found an agency that runs all kinds of voluntary projects in South Africa. 36.It was a very remote village and some of them were reluctant to speak to me, although they were always interested in my clothes and how much i’d had to pay for them. 37.If it was to do with people in the villages rather than those in the republic sphere, i would. 38.a host of studies confirm this, covering a wide range of business setting :branch banks, retail stores, real estate agencies, factories,call centers....to name but a few. 39.Managers who want to apply existing knowledge typically start off by going to an expert-such as the person who designed and is running a successful department store- and picking their brains. 40.Now, this approach can be used if you want to gain a rough understanding of a particular system, or understand smaller isolated problems. 41.The trouble is even the expert doesn’t fully grasp the whole thing because when it comes to complex systems, the individual components of the process are interwoven one another. 42.Glass, which has been made since the time of the Mesopotamian and Egyptians, is little more than a mixture of sand, soda ash and lime.
英语的基本句式结构其实很简单：主谓宾和主系表。主谓宾是“谁-做-什么”，例如：比如“羊吃草”;“洁白可爱的小绵羊蹦蹦跳跳欢快活泼地在一望无垠的广阔草原上幸福愉快地吃着鲜嫩碧绿的青草”一样也是主谓宾，只不过多了一些修饰的词，句子的核心意思还是“羊吃草”。主系表是“谁-是-什么”，同主谓宾一样。在阅读中我们要很快的找出核心句子，不用每句话的意思都懂，但要知道这句话要表达的核心意思，即找到主谓宾或主系表的主体。 并列平行结构 在一个较长的句子中，并列平行的部分可能是几个独立的句子，也可能是几个并列的短语成分或者从句。如果并列平行的部分是几个独立的句子，也叫“并列句“。所以说，“并列平行结构”是一个更广泛的概念。本篇主要讲解并列平行的部分是几个并列的短语成分或者从句的这种情况。 中文：进一步展望未来，通过这个新时代所产生的巨大财富和新技术的结合.人类可望在太空建立一个浩大的可供千万人居住的世界。 英文：Further ahead, by a combination of the great wealth this new age will bring and the technology it will provide, the construction of a vast, man-created world in space, home to thousands or millions of people, will be within our power. 结构分析：Combination of中的of有两个宾语:一是the great wealth，受定语从句this new age will bring的修饰，另一个是the technology,受定语从句it will provide的修饰:主句中的home to thousands or millions of people为world的同位语。
1.It was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise that he would give each of us a small gift. 2.Lucy told me a story, which I think is very interesting. 3.Are you certain that this is what Premier Wen has stressed in his speech? 4.Many people in the city wonder whether the city officials have the information they need to solve the problem. 5.it is on the festival occasions when the family get together that he misses his late father 6.What is known to us all is that 2016 Summer Olympic Games will take place in Brazil. 7.Young people who have got jobs may realize university lesions can’t be the only preparation for all of the situations that appear in the working world. 8.Can you tell us what happens when one student in class expresses a personal opinion that may offend other students? 9.If you double your efforts, I think, the problems can be settled in no time. 10.You’d better make a mark where you have any questions, 11.You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions. 12.Something further must be done to the amplified signals before they can be sent to the transmitting antenna.
雅思阅读真题长难句的分析系列八 雅思长难句一直是雅思阅读中的一个难点，烤鸭们几乎都被折磨过。今天，雅思小编就给大家具体分析一下雅思阅读真题长难句的分析系列八的具体内容，让烤鸭们掌握分析长难句的技巧，攻克长难句，不再是个传说。 1. The 'Missouri' programme was predicated on research showing that working with the family, rather than bypassing the parents, is the most effective way of helping children get off to the best possible start in life. (剑 5 Test 3 Passage 1) 我们先来认识一些单词： 1. programme：规划，程序 2. was predicated on：以……为基础 3. bypass：绕过 4. get off to the start：有……起点 句子结构分析：这句话是主系表结构，主语是The 'Missouri' programme，系动词是was，表语是predicated，showing……做补语，后面跟的that引导宾语从句，working with the family是宾语从句的主语，系动词是is，表语是way。 译文：密苏里计划表明：与家长合作而不是绕过家长，是帮助孩子获得人生最佳起跑点的最有效方式。 2. There is growing evidence in New Zealand that children from poorer socio-economic backgrounds are arriving at school less well developed and that our school system tends to perpetuate that disadvantage.
雅思阅读长难句结构分析 雅思阅读有大量结构复杂、难以理解和把握的长难句。这些长难句对理解文章或做题非常重要，经常会有一些考点隐藏在其中。今天，就来分享一下雅思阅读长难句结构分析，希望对大家雅思备考有帮助。 雅思的雅思阅读长难句结构有以下几种： 一、简单句 对于难度较大的简单句，阅读的基本方法是确定句子的主、谓、宾，找出句子的主干，忽略其他的成分，将长句变成短句，将句型结构复杂的句子变成句型结构简单的句子。 例：At various points in evolutionary(有事业心的，有胆量的)history, enterprising individuals within many different animal groups moved out onto the land, sometimes even to the most parched(炎热的，干旱的) deserts, taking their own private seawater with them in blood and cellular(细胞的) fluids. (剑9 Test 1 Passage 3) 分析：这句话的结构很简单，就是主谓宾：主语是individuals，谓语是moved out，宾语是the land, the most parched deserts。但是由于添加了一些状语，一些修饰语——例如within介词短语修饰individuals，taking短语做伴随状语，使整个句子看起来结构复杂。 二、并列句 如果句子包含两个或更多互不依从的主谓结构，就是并列句。并列句中的分句通常用一个并列连词来连接，最常见的并列连词有and, or 和but。最简单的方法就是将句子从并列连词处断开，将并列句变成两个或若干个相对短的句子，然后再用处理简单句的方法——抓句子主干，来依次处理每个相对短的句子。
如何攻克雅思阅读长难句 长难句也一直让大家很头疼，到底长难句应该如何解析，今天小编给大家带来了攻克雅思阅读长难句，希望能帮助到大家，下面小编就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 攻克雅思阅读长难句8个常见句子参考翻译 1.The American economic system is，organized around a basically private-enterprise，market-oriented economy in which consumers largely determine what shall be produced by spending their money in the market place for those goods and services that they want most. 【参考译文】美国的经济是以基本的私有企业和市场导向经济为架构的，在这种经济种，消费者很大程度上通过在市场为那些他们最想要的货品和服务来决定什么应该被制造出来。 2.Thus，in the American economic system it is the demand of individual consumers ，coupled with the desire of business men to maximize profits and the desire of individuals to maximize their incomes，which together determine what shall be produced and how resources are used to produce it. 【参考译文】因此，在美国的经济体系中，个体消费者的需求与商人试图最大化其利润的欲望和个人想最大化其收入效果的欲望相结合，一起决定了什么应该被制造，以及资源怎么被用来指导它们。 3.If ，on the other hand，producing more of a commodity results in reducing its cost，this will tend to increase the supply offered by seller-producers，which it turn will lower the price and permit more consumers to buy the product. 【参考译文】另一方面，如果大量制造某种商品导致其成本下降，那么这就有可能增加卖方和制造商能提供的攻给，而这也就会反过来降低价格并允许更多的消费者购买产品。
and it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes, and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 译文：许多人认为，普通人的思维活动根本无法与科学家的思维过程相比，认为这些思维过程必须经过某种专门训练才能掌握。 whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of technology or vice versa(反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 译文：政府究竟是以减少对技术的经费投入来增加对纯理论科学的经费投入还是相反，这往往取决于把哪一方看作是驱动的力量 how well the predictions will be validate d by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 这些预测在多大程度上为后来的表现所证实，这取决于所采用信息的数量、可靠性和适宜性，以及解释这些信息的技能和才智 there is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 译文：所谓方法论是指一般的历史研究中的特有概念，还是指历史探究中各个具体领域适用的研究手段，人们对此意见不一。 furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry , and that this in turn rest s upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds. 再者，显而易见的是一个国家的经济实力与其工农业生产效率密切相关，而效率的提高则又有赖于各种科技人员的努力 what could be a key to jet lag and winter blues is the hormone melatonin, which is known to regulate body rhythms. 译文：能解除时差综合症和冬季忧郁症的关键是荷尔蒙褪黑激素，人们知道这种激素能够调节人体节奏 there are now 31 million kids in the 12-to-19 age group, and demographer s predict that there will be 35 million teens by 2010, a population bigger than even the baby boom at its peak. 译文：12岁至19岁年龄组的孩子目前有3100万，人口学家预测，到2010年他们将达到3500万，比二战后生育高峰期出生的孩子还多 it seemed almost unbelievable but what appeared to be happening was that the fault was actually being lubricate d by the injection of the fluid. 译文：地球内的断层正在被人们注入的液体所润滑，这几乎是难以令人相信的，但是这确实正在发生 it is scarcely surprising, then, that education systems have for several decades past been severely criticized, partly on the ground that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society. 译文：那么教育体制在过去几十年中受到严厉的批评，就不那么令人感到惊讶了，批评者的部分根据是，这种教育培养人们在一种已过时的社会中生存。 there are strong ground s for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derive s from what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.
雅思阅读长难句分析
1. 【雅思长难句分析】1-5 雅思阅读长难句分析： 1 And it is imagined by many that the operations of the common mind can be by no means compared with these processes and that they have to be acquired by a sort of special training. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 2 Whether the government should increase the financing of pure science at the expense of techno logy or vice versa (反之) often depends on the issue of which is seen as the driving force. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 3 How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount, reliability, and Appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 4 There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the Research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry. 雅思阅读长难句分析： 5 Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its