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《高中英语写作微技能》
第 1 章
高考英语写作微技能解读
第一节
高分英语作文的特性
1条理性2流畅性3简洁性高分英语作文六大特性
是指段落完整，层次分明。全文结构应注意
首尾呼应，前后相联，根据需要安排好段落，
每一段的开头是总起句，结尾是总结句。
是指文章层次清晰，行文连贯，即写作能够
根据整篇文章意思的需要，有效采用不同的
连接手段，以使文章层次清晰，行文连贯。
是指文章写作紧紧围绕写作内容，做到语言
简洁，不重复，不罗嗦，能用非谓语动词作
定语或状语就不要用定语从句或状语从句。
4多样性5准确性6思想性是指词语丰富，句式多变，造句成文符合六大
原则，即：小词语、状语提前、短语优先、并
列句/复合句、长短句交替原则和整洁分段原则。是指写出的句子语法正确，包括时态，语态，用词和句法等，符合习惯。避免因语法和拼写等低级错误被扣印象分。
是指文章立意要高, 要寓教于文章之中，使读
者有所获，有所思，有所悟。
《高中英语写作微技能》
第二节
高考英语写作评分标准
（细则）
评分标准细则：
一、有以下情况之一的，在正常评分以后再扣9分
（出手非常狠）
1.全文没有使用任何较复杂语言结构，如从句、倒装句等。
2.全文没有使用任何比较高级的表达方式的。
3.全文没有使用任何关联词语的。
二、有以下情况之一的，在正常评分以后再扣5分
（这个一定要知道）
1.书写潦草，不规范，影响理解的。
2.卷面不洁，乱涂改的。
3.因审题不清而全文人称使用错误的。
4.动词、时态、人称错误达3处以上的。
5.句子结构严重错误达3处以上的。
三、有以下情况之一的，在正常评分以后再扣2分
1.全文不分段
2.词数少于120
3.词数多于150
四、有以下情况之一的，扣2分
1.每遗漏一个次要点的。
2.冠词、介词用错，其他单词拼写错误分别达4处以上的。
3.大小写、标点符号分别达4处以上的。
五、有以下情况之一的，扣5分
每遗漏一个主要点的。
百分百英语
第三节
高考英语评分标准解读
百分百英语
一、如何理解“多样性”？
“多样性”，是指词汇和语法句型使用的多样性，即：语言简洁、不重复，应用了较多的词汇，包括词性的多样性、高级词汇的使用、同义词与反义词的使用、短语、语法和句式等。
1. 词性的多样性
写作时，用另一种词性的形式来表达就更显得多样了。如：
increase steadily平稳地增加
→experience a steady increase decrease sharply大减
→undergo a sharp decrease
It’s very helpful. 它帮助很大。
→It helps a lot. / It is of great help.
2. 高级词汇的使用
评分标准中提到，“语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误，但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”。如：
Your efforts will be very important.
→Your efforts will make a great difference.
It is wise to buy an up-to-date version.
→It makes sense to buy an up-to-date version.
He had to solve all the problems himself.
→He had to cope with all the problems himself.
注意：一味追逐的长难词未必就是高级词汇。用一些连阅卷老师都不认识的词，不会为你的文章带来高分的。
3. 同义词语的使用
如果我们能够恰当地使用它们相应的同义词或同义词组，就可以做到与众不同，给平淡的文章增添亮色，给评卷者带来清新的感觉。如：
in fact 事实上
→as a matter of fact / actually / in truth want to do 想做
→intend to do / desire to do / be eager to do have a good time 过得很愉快
→have a lot of fun / enjoy oneself
more and more people 越来越多的人
→an increasing number of people
I think 我认为→
→ in my opinion / as far as I know / personally You’d better ... 你最好
→You may as well ... / You are supposed to ... It will be very interesting. 将会非常有趣。
→It will be a lot of fun.
He is a clever boy. 他是个聪明的孩子。
→ He is a bright / a smart / an intelligent boy.
4.恰当利用短语取代单词
单词的合理运用是优秀作文的基本要素，而恰当地运用短语清楚传递信息更能增添句子的文采。如：
cause导致，引起
→result in/lead to/bring about
attractive吸引人的
→appealing/inviting/fascinating
so因此
→therefore/because of this/for this reason
Suddenly I had a good idea.我突然有了一个好主意。→Suddenly I came up with a good idea.
=A good idea came upon me.
= All of a sudden a good idea occurred to me.
I tried hard to understand what was happening.
我努力想弄清楚正在发生的事情。
→I tried hard to figure out what was going on.
He began to realize the importance of English study. 他开始意识到学习英语的重要性。
→He came to be aware of the importance of English study.
5. 语法句式结构的多样性
单调的句式和结构、长度相近的句子会使文章呆板单调，缺乏生气和活力，而感叹句、倒装句、复合结构、强调句型、定语从句、非谓语动词短语等语法结构的正确使用，则使行文丰富多彩、生动、流畅。
（1）长短句交替：
简单句、并列句和复合句交替使用
长句表述具体、说理严密；短句简洁明快、精炼扼要。写作时根据实际需要，交替使用简单句、并列句和复合句，长短错落有致，句式丰富多样，会给阅卷老师以新鲜感。
①复合句与并列句之间的转换
If you study hard,you’ll make great progress.→Study hard, and you’ll make great progress. 如果你努力学习，你会取得很大进步的。
I have to study harder, or I shall not catch up with my classmates.
→I have to study harder and harder in order that I can catch up with my classmates.
我不得不更加用功地学习，否则我就赶不上我的同学们。
2019高考英语写作专题：书写规范 高考英语书面表达全国卷的评分原则： 1.本题总分为25分，按5个档次给分。 2.评分时，先根据文章的内容和语言初步确定其所属档次，然后以该档次的要求来衡量，确定或调整档次，最后给分。 3.词数少于80和多于120的，从总分中减去2分。 4.评分时应注意的主要内容为：内容要点、应用词汇和语法结构的数量和准确性及上下文的连贯性。 5.拼写与标点符号是语言准确性的一个方面。评分时应视其对交际的影响程度予以考虑。英、美拼写及词汇用法均可接受。 许多考生只重视书面表达内容的训练和提高，忽略了卷面书写的规范训练，影响考试分数。要做到卷面工整、美观，考生需要注意： 1.分段 大多数文章可分为三段。段落层次清晰，段首对齐或缩进约4个字符距离。 2.字母饱满圆润，清晰可辨 对于a，o;u，r，v;e，t，c;h，l等在手写体中易于混淆的字母，一定要写清楚，易于辨认。要避免笔顺错误或随意连笔造成的字母混淆。笔顺易错的字母是E，F，H，N，O，R，W，d，i，j, 需重点模仿英语规范手写体字帖上这些字母的笔顺。 3.字母上中下比例恰当 考生脱离了四线三格后，要尽量压线书写，避免所有字母悬于线
上，呈波浪式前进。严禁b，d，h，k，l，t上部过长或f，g，j，p，q，y下部过长等比例失衡现象。 4.间距均匀 字母与字母之间，单词与单词之间都要间距均匀。单词之间约为一两个字母的宽度，千万不能太拥挤或太松散。如：I come from China.不能写成：IcomefromChina.也不能写成I come from China. 5.倾斜度一致 写字母时要注意倾斜度，所有的字母一律向右倾斜5度左右，要保持倾斜度一致。 6.准确运用标点 英语中的标点符号与汉语标点符号基本相同，只有句号、省略号等不一样。英语的句号不是“。”，而是实心的“.”;省略号不是“……”，而是“...”。连字符号不要写得太长，以免跟破折号混淆。其长度相当于一个小写字母。英语中没有顿号“、”，在表示句中较短的并列词语之间的停顿时，英语只能用逗号;连接一系列并列项目的“and”或“or”之前往往可以用逗号。英语中没有书名号《》，一般用引号。如：Yesterday she saw an English film “Gone with the Wind”.。 7.注意移行规则 在书写英语时，如在一行之末无法将一个词写完，这个词的某几个字母必须写到下一行去，这种书写现象被称为单词的移行。移行时要在没写完的部分后面用上一个连字符号“-”表示该词未完，剩下的部分写在下一行里，但不是随意的，而是要按照一定的规则进行。移
高考英语写作中句式处理的策略和方法 在英语考试中，词汇量是取胜的基础，但是要想提高卷面成绩仅有词汇量是不行的，尤其在作文中。事实上，聪明的应试者会洞悉到：既然我有了丰富的词汇量，只要再懂些如何组织这些词汇的句法知识，那样就可以做到词法和句法的灵活多变，让作文的内容和句式变得更加充实、多样化、更具有可读性，这样作文就可以拿到较高的分数。 这里所讲的句法，其实就是我们平时所学的各种句型结构，通常指的是：1. 简单句； 2. 并列句（and, but, so, thus, therefore, etc.）； 3. 名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）； 4. 定语从句（限制性和非限制性定语从句）； 5. 状语从句； 6. 倒装句； 7. 强调句；8. 虚拟语气等。 下面我们通过典型例句来说明如何写好作文中的句子，尤其是用一句话来表述较为复杂的信息： 例1：女儿能说四种语言，他为此而骄傲。 我们可以利用所学到的句法知识，将上面的句子用尽可能多的句型结构演绎出来。 译法一：（）（在括号内写明句式的类型，下同） 1.He is proud of his daughter’s abi lity to speak four languages. 2.He has a great pride in his daughter’s ability to speak four languages. 3.His pride is his daughter’s ability to speak four languages. 4.His daughter’s ability to speak four languages makes him feel proud. 译法二：（） His daughter can speak four languages and he feels proud of her. 译法三：（） 1.It makes him feel proud that his daughter can speak four languages. 2.What makes him feel proud is his daughter’s ability to speak four languages. 3.What makes him feel proud is that his daughter can speak four languages. 译法四：（） 1.He is proud that his daughter can speak four languages. 2.Her father is proud of nothing but that his daughter is fluent in four languages. 译法五：（） 1.What makes him feel proud is that his daughter can speak four languages. 2.His pride is that his daughter can speak four languages. 译法六：（） He has a great pride that his daughter can speak four languages. 译法七：（）He feels proud because his daughter can speak four languages. 译法八：（） 1.His daughter can speak four languages, which makes him feel proud. 2.He is proud of his daughter who has the ability to speak four languages. 3.The father whose daughter can speak four languages feels proud. 4.The girl whom her father is proud of can speak four languages. 译法九：（）(下列划线部分分别充当什么成分？) 1.He is proud of his daughter speaking four languages fluently. 2.His daughter speaking four languages, he feels proud of her. 3.Four languages spoken fluently by his daughter, he feels proud of her. 4.Speaking four languages fluently, she makes her father feel proud. （）So fluently does she speak four languages that his father feels proud.译法十： 译法十一：（） 1.It’s because his daughter can speak four languages that he feels proud. 2.It’s his daughter’s ability to speak four languages that makes him feel proud.
如何提高英语写作能力 Ⅰ、多积累一些常用的、精彩的词、短语、句子。 1.积累一个词，应该要同时掌握这个词的用法。记单词不能光记它的表面意思，而应深入了解它的适用语境、常用搭配、习惯用法等，这样才算真正掌握了一个词。例如“Actually,no rules of the game states you must do anything”这个句子中，查字典了解到“state”一词意思是“表明、说明”，在这里作及物动词，用法之一是“…state…”。以后在写作中要表达“考试中取得高分表明你学习取得了很大进步”便可翻译成“The high marks of the tests state you've made great progress in your studies”。 2.对一些精彩的句子应摘抄下来，熟读成诵，并有意识地将它们应用到自己的习作中去。这里说的“精彩”，并不是专指那些生僻的、羞涩难懂的句子，而是一些表达方式新颖、生动形象的句子。例如《The Climate & Clothing of the UK》一文中有一句“September may find you eating your lu nch on some grassy spot in the sun one day and trying to shelter from the rain under an umbrella that has turned itself inside-out in a howling gale the next!”这个句子尽管长却不难理解，正是由于其倒装句式的妙用。假如将它变成一般性的陈述句便是“In September you may be eating lunch on some grassy spot one day and the next day you may be trying to shelter from the rain under an umbrella that has turned itself inside-out in a howling gale.”这样的陈述句就显得单调枯燥。一些原汁原味的英文习作之所以读起来更有味道，其中一个很重要的原因就是它们综合运用了不同的表达方式，能变换句式，避免重复哆嗦。有意识地多积累一些这样的精彩句子，并应用到自己的习作中去，便可摆脱那种“单一陈述”型的模式，使自己的文章更有活力。 Ⅱ、恰当运用过渡词 恰当运用过渡词可以使文章结构紧凑，过渡自然，避免脱节现象。时间
历年英语高考写作分析 【考查要点】 高考英语书面表达具体主要考查学生以下几种能力： 1.观察分析，获取，加工和输出信息的能力。 2.体现语法规则，并且正确熟练运用语法的能力。 3.语言交际表达得体，突出正确语用的能力。 4.关注社会现实，锤炼思维表达能力。 【解题指南】 要在短时间内写出一篇高分作文，一定要遵循一个写任何作文都可以采用的方法步骤。下文介绍书面表达解题六步骤。 1.审题 审清题意，明确要求。认真阅读书面表达试题中文字信息、图表信息，这是写好书面表达的关键。弄清楚文章应采用的体裁：记叙文、说明文、应用文等，用第几人称写作，主要的时态范畴是什么？如何开头、如何拓展、如何收尾，动笔之前都应心中有数。 2.抓要点 抓住要点，列出关键词。用一两个单词或短语写出每句的细节要点，关键的连接词、转折词等。 3．扩展成句 分析要点，扩展成句。弄清文章的主题之后，根据所列要点，运用适当的句型、时态，用联词成句的方式将关键词扩展成句。 4．连句成文 依据篇章结构，连句成文。在连句成文之前，一定要对文章的篇章结构有个合理清晰的构想：要点的先后排列顺序和语篇衔接是否得当、层次是否清楚、结构是否一目了然、主谓是否一致、开头结尾逻辑关系是否自然、意思是否表达清楚、中心是否突出。 5．查错改错 复读作文，检查修改。打完草稿后要认真检查，修改润色，避免不必要的错误。主要注意以下几个方面：①要点是否遗漏，文体格式是否正确。②时态语态是否错误，主谓是否一致。③句子结构、关联词是否恰当。④名词的数、代词的性数格、现在分词、过去分词、冠词等是否符合英语的习惯。⑤单词的拼写是否有误等。 6．规范抄写 定稿成文，规范抄写。书写一定要美观。如果无法达到这一标准。至少也应想着向这一标准看齐。阅卷老师每天要反复看同样内容的文章很多遍。如果连最基本的清晰度都没有，又如何获得高分呢？因此要留出足够时间抄写，确保卷面整洁清楚。忌：书写潦草、单词模糊不清、左右明显不齐、随意涂改、缺乏分段。 高考真题 考点一、应用文体 （09安徽卷）第二节书面表达（满分25分） 假设你正在参加全省中学生英语演讲比赛，请你针对有些父母经常翻看孩子日记或书包这一现象，写一篇演讲稿，陈述你的观点。 演讲稿的主要内容应包括： 认为同学们不必为此苦恼； 希望能够体谅父母的苦衷；
2015年上海高考英语作文解析，及，作文范文 II. Guided Writing (25分) Directions: Write an English composition in 120–150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 学校即将举办“读书节”，目前正广泛征集“读书节”宣传册图片。假设你是该校学生潘阳，你已找到以下三幅图片，决定给读书节组委会写一封信，推荐其中一幅，你的信须包括以下内容： 1. 简单描述你想推荐的那幅图片； 2. 阐述你用这幅图片宣传“读书节”的理由。 作文解析： 今年的英语作文题目同样重点考察了主观理由型作文的写作手法，这篇文章要求学生在三幅学校读书节宣传图片当中选出自己最喜欢的一幅，对图片进行描述并说明原因。这也是继2013年和2014年连续两年考察书信体与主观理由型文章的结合体之后出现的第三篇主观理由型文章。 整体来看，今年的作文题目似乎与往年没有什么区别，但细细分析，我们会发现今年英语作文的难度，不管是在文章内容、还是在形式上面，都有了大幅提升。因为考生需要同时兼顾三个难点：1、书信体正确的的书写格式；2、对图片内容进行细节的描述；3、找出恰当的理由(2-3点)进行论证，说理充分，同时注意论点和论据相结合，以及文章语句之间的逻辑严密性。可以说，近三年来英语作文虽然都在考察主观理由这个大的方向，但是考察的难度确实是在逐年递增。 对于考生来说，要想在短短的20分钟之内写好这篇作文，首先需要拿捏好这篇文章的结构。一般来说，文章第一段用来引出话题，第二段可以对所选择的图片进行描写，描写时要格外注意的地方是对细节的详细描述，基本内容讲清楚就可以开始第三段的理由阐述了。
一、重点诠释 1.书面通知一般包括标题、正文、日期和通知发布单位。正文上方正中间写标题Notice（也可把每个字母都大写）；日期的写法与中文不一样，一般写在左下方（落款之下），也可写在标题下一行的右上角；通知发布单位也有两个位置，一般写在正文之下的右下角，也可写在标题的上方或前面。 2.书面通知的行文准确无误，语言应简明扼要。另外行文要比较正式，通常无称呼语和结束语。 一则典型的书面通知格式如下： Notice ___________________________________________________ _______________________________________________ The Students' Union June 8 ,2007 二、写作典例 请你用英语写一则80—100词的书面通知，时间是2007年12月18 日。内容是： 1.今天下午三点在会议室召开全体英语老师和各班班长会议 2.校长要出席这次会议，并就下周五举行的英语演讲比赛讲一些要求 3.为办好这次英语演讲比赛，大家可以献计献策
4.选出七位老师作评委 5.请带钢笔和笔记本准时参加。 三、案例分析 无论是口头通知还是书面通知，至少应包括一些基本要点，如：时间、地点、活动内容等。另外通知的时态和句式也有特殊性，常用时态为一般将来时，常用一些祈使句和简单句。 四、高分范文 NOTICE There will be a meeting for all the English teachers and monitors of our school in the meeting room at three o'clock this afternoon . Our headmaster will be preasant at the meeting and he will explain some requests to us about the English Speaking Contest which will be held next Friday .Everyone at the meeting can express his or her opinion on the English Speaking Contest .At the meeting ,we will choose seven teachers as gudges . Please bring your pens and notebooks with you and attend the meeting on time . The Principal's Office 五、针对练习 校学生会将举办一次英语演讲比赛，请按下列要求写一
图表写作高分绝招专项练习 李仕才 写作训练1： 近期某网站就校车安全问题进行了一次社会调查，结果见下图。请根据图示用英语写一篇短文，介绍调查结果并谈谈你的看法, 供有关部门参考。词数不少于60。Recently, a survey on school buses has been conducted on a website… 注意：1. 文章的开头已经给出。 2. 提示词: 报废车abandoned vehicles 写作训练2： 假如你是某中学学生李华。最近，你班同学就“父母有没有必要陪读？”（be accompanied by parents studying at school）话题进行了调查。结果如下列图表所示。请你根据图表所列情况给报社写一封信，客观地介绍讨论的情况。并简要说明自己的看法。 注意： 1 对所给要点，不要简单翻译，可适当发挥； 2 字数不少于100。 观点1. 让学生养成依赖的习惯，不利于将来自控能力的培养，不利于培养良好的学习习惯。 观点2. 影响了父母的工作和休息
观点1. 使学生腾出更多的时间专心学习，使学生身体更健康。 观点2. 帮助学生确立学习目标，独立解决困难，养成良好的学习习惯。
图表写作高分绝招专项练习 参考答案 写作训练1： 参考范文： Recently, a survey on school buses has been conducted on a website. As can be seen from the pie chart, only 36.13% of the interviewees trust school buses, while 40.34% of them show their distrust. 23.53% of them are not clear about it. As is shown on the bar chart, 35.29% of people, who show their disbelief, are afraid of abandoned vehicles being used and 24.37% worry that school buses are often overloaded, which can cause serious traffic accidents. About 21.35% of them worry that the school buses are not equipped with safety equipment like safety belts. Another 18.49% blame drivers for breaking the speed limit. I think effective measures should be taken to ensure the safety of students. More money should be invested to improve the quality of school buses. Meanwhile, all the school buses should be examined regularly. 写作训练2： 参考范文： Recently our class have had a survey on whether students should be accompanied by parents studying at school. Opinions are divided on the topic. 70% of students hold the view that there is no need for parents to do so. 30% of students think they may fall into the habit of dependence, which will have a negative effect on the development of their self-control ability. And the rest worry that it will affect their parents’work and rest. However, 30% of them are in favor of it. 13% of students believe that with parents accompanying them, they can spare more time to concentrate on their study and they will become more healthy. Furthermore, In the others’opinion, parents can help set their study goal and overcome difficulties on their own so that students can develop a good habit of studying. In my opinion, I prefer to do everything by myself in stead of accompanied by parents, because we will make a living independently in the future.
写作提升练(二)应用文 1 假定你是李明,上个月,你校学生会组织了一场“校园歌手大奖赛”,受到同学们的欢迎。请你给校园英文报写一篇80词左右的报道。活动内容包括: 1.各班选拔; 2.学校决赛; 3.评奖颁奖。 2 (2018·浙江杭州上学期期末教学质量检测) 假定你是校英语俱乐部负责人李华,你校即将举行“英语角”活动,你想求助于你的朋友——某国际高中学生会主席Jack帮忙选派5位学生参加活动。请给Jack写一封电子 邮件,内容包括: 1.活动时间; 2.活动主题; 3.希望选派什么样的学生。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 3 假如你是光华中学的校报英文编辑李华,你校王伟同学昨天下午在放学回家的路上 看到一位老奶奶摔倒在地,他立刻将她扶起来,同时拨打了120,使老奶奶得到了及时救治。你决定将此事发布到校报英文版并倡议全校同学向他学习。内容包括: 1.简述王伟的事迹; 2.发表感想; 3.提出倡议。 注意:
1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 4 (2018·浙江稽阳4月联考) 假设你是学生会主席李华。为了接待一批英国高中生来校参加为期两周的文化交流项目,你校需要招募一些志愿者。请根据以下内容写一则通知,希望有兴趣的学生前来报名。内容包括: 1.志愿者要求; 2.报名地点和截止时间。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。 5 (2018·浙江宁波5月模拟考试) 假定你是李华,你代表学生会邀请外籍教师Mr.Smith参加高三年级于下周五下午5点在学校报告厅举行的成人仪式。请你写一封邮件给他,内容包括: 1.成人仪式的时间和地点; 2.活动:观赏短片、校长讲话、学生宣誓等; 3.请他做勉励大家的简短发言。 注意: 1.词数80左右; 2.可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯; 3.参考词汇:成人仪式:Adult Ceremony,宣誓:make a vow Dear Mr.Smith, ___________________________________________________________________________ __________ _____________________________________________________________________________________
高考英语写作专题训练——话题类 第一部分五年高考题荟萃 Passage 1 (09·浙江) 5月1日。高二（3）班的学生志愿者Li Yue和Zhang Hua去阳光敬老院（Sunshine Nursing Home)开展志愿者活动（送水果、打扫、聊天等）。假如你是校英语报的记者，请按下列要点用英语写一则100~120个词的新闻报道。 1.时间、地点、人物、活动； 2.老人们的反应； 3.简短评论。 4.注意：报道的标题和记者姓名已给出（不计词数）。 Student V olunteers Brought Sunshine to the Elderly 【参考范文】 Student V olumteers Broutht Sunshine to the Elderly On May Day, Li Yue and Zhang Hua, students from Class Three, Grade Two, went o Sunshine Nursing Home and did some voluntary work. Upon their arrival, Li Yue and Zhang Hua were warmly welcomed, and respectfully, they presented the elderly with flowers and fruits. Then, they started working at once, cleaning the windows and sweeping the floor. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people. When it was time for the volunteers to leave, the elderly people thanked them for their kindness. They said it was such a beautiful day that they would remember it forever. Li Yue and Zhang Hua were very happy. What they did has brought joy to others and enriched their own lives. By Chen Jie, School Nwespaper Passage 2
关于提高高考英语作文水平的看法 作文在高考试卷中是30分，占了总分的五分之一，因此要给与充分重视，而这又是学生很头痛的一部分。要提高写作水平，就要理解考纲对英语写作的基本要求：根据所给情景，用英语写一篇120～150个单词的短文。情景包括目的、对象、地点、内容，等等。提供情景的形式有图画、图表和文字说明等，本题考查学生根据所给情景，有时要根据实际生活的体验，运用英语进行有效的表达的能力，所写的短文能真实、客观、准确地反映学生本人的英语水平。要达到考纲要求，我们可以从以下几个方面人手： 一、加强基础，注重积累 常言道：“不积跬步，无以至千里；不积细流，无以成江海。”这都是强调基础的重要性，没有基础，一切都将无从谈起。而写好英语作文同样如此，英语基础知识有三方面：1，词汇，即单词、短语、句式。这些需要花费很大的功夫，注重平时的积累，你不可能在短时间内背诵所有的高考词汇，此外还必须理解和运用。2，语法。它包括：名词的单复数；代词的格和性的变化；动词的八种时态和两种语态。3，句型。基本句型有：S(主)+v(谓)(1v)(系动词)+P(表)；主谓结构／s(主)+Vi(不及物动词)(谓)；主谓宾结构／s(主)+Vt(及物动词)(谓)十0(宾)；双宾语结构／S(主)+VT(谓)+InO(间接宾)+DO(直接宾)以及there be结构和一些周定句型。这些基础句型都是在写作中时时遇到离不开的，必须在平时的教学中让写生扎扎实实记牢运用。 二、通过缩写、扩写课文，培养学生的英语概括、扩展能力
三、注重平时的练习 要重视练习，形成一个良好的学习惯性。平时不锻炼、不练习，考试时就无话可说，无从下手，即使写了也是错误多多。教师可根据不同学生实际水平，每天都尽可能地布置一定量的写作练习，形式可以多样。这就需要老师花大力气下苦功夫批阅，相信日复一日，循环往复，就一定会有收获。功到自然成。 四、要层次分明 1 要求分段落。不管是英语还是语文，都是要段落分明。任何文章都不可以从头到尾自上而下，囫囵一段。这样的文章哪怕是句子写得再优美。再流畅都不敢保证得高分，因为它很容易造成老师视觉疲劳。分段落写文章是使得文章层次分明的基本要求。 2 尽量做到每段要有中心句。它的位置一般来说设在每个段落的首句。有了中心句，会使人感觉文章层次分明，清晰明了，赏心悦目。好的开头将决定该作文在阅卷老师心中所留下的最初印象。印象好，就意味着有了良好的开端，也就成功了一半；反之，印象不好，后面再怎么努力也还是会有缺憾的。因此，在平时的练习中，要有意识地落实中心句练习，它会给阅卷老师一目了然、一见钟情的效果。 五、应注意的一些问题 1 格式训练。每一类的作文都有自己一些特定的格式。通观近年来的高考英语作文的格式多样，常见的有：书信、看图写话、开放式作文等，尤其以书信和开放式作文为主。这需要我们对每种格式的书面表达都进行大量反复的训练，平时做到熟练、熟悉，高考时才会胸有成竹，避免无谓
历年上海高考英语作文及参考范文 1999上海高考作文及范例 一些学生认为学英语很重要；一些学生则认为不必学英语；我认为。。。。。。（观点、理由） Some students think it is very important to master English. They believe “A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life”, Others consider English useless. They feel lear ning English is nothing but a burden to them. In my opinion, English is one of the most important subjects we learn at school. Of all subjects I like English best. There are several reasons why English is my favorite subject. First, English is one of the most widely used languages of the world. Nearly all information on the Internet and over half of the world’s technical materials are in English, thus a good command of English will greatly benefit me in my work. Secondly，it is believed that good English also leads to greater chances and opportunities. In the competition for a well-paid job, the one who can speak English has an advantage over those who cannot. For all these reasons we should not only learn English but master it in the shortest time possible. (166words) 2000年上海高考作文及范例 1。我最难忘的一课2。具体说明为何难忘3。感想 An Unforgettable Lesson In my life I have experienced many important things. But perhaps the most unforgettable thing which is really worth mentioning is the lesson given by my Chinese teacher just after she had an accident. One morning just before our Chinese lesson, we were told our Chinese teacher, Miss Liu, had had an accident. One of her legs was badly injured and she couldn’t come t o teach us. While we were planning to visit her after school, we also thought that maybe we would be free to do whatever we wanted during our Chinese lesson, and hoped our homework load would be reduced. But to our surprise, shortly after the bell, Miss Liu, with the help of a stick, came to the door of our classroom. With great respect w all stood up and greeted her. She sat on a chair and began her lesson. She spoke slowly but forcefully. She prepared her lecture quite well and demanded that we do the same. Towards the end of the lesson, we got lots of homework from her. A good teacher is many things to many people. Everyone has definite ideas about what a good teacher is. In my opinion the teachers who demanded the most from the students are perhaps liked best. (210 words)
高考英语之写作专题 一、写作之“三八大盖” 1.现象/问题说明段 2.分析原因段 3.解决问题段 4.观点阐述段 5.观点结论段 6.展望未来段 7.漫画/图表描述段 8.引言解释段 二、八大功能段 （一）现象/问题描述功能段（三选一） 1、In recent years, ............................. is becoming more and more popular at an amazing rate. 2、Along with the development of society, more and more questions are brought to our attention, one of the most serious problems is that............................ 3、Recently, ...................................... has attracted much attention of society, which can be found in TV programs, newspaper and many aspects of our daily life. （二）分析原因功能段 1、总原因的阐述（三选一） （1）A number of factors lead to this situation. （2）The answer to this question includes many factors. （3）There are many factors, which can account for the phenomenon/problem. 2、分析原因的功能句（一般三个原因即可） （1）One of the most common factors is............................................................ (Firstly) （2）Another cause is......................................................................................(And then,) （3）But the fundamental element is ..................................................................(Finally) （三）解决问题功能段（总-分-总） (1)For another, people are supposed to get ready to the seriousness of the problems, and we should try our best to cope with these problems as well. 1、措施主题句（三选一） (1)Confronted with the problem, we should take a series of measures to cope with the situation. (2)In view of the problems of ..........., effective measures should be taken. (3)It is high time that we took/should take some measures to cope with these problems。 2、分措施 (1)For one thing, government ought to set up some regulations to...................................
含有doing的常用句型 .1. have + n = do 让某人去干….(一次性动作) have + n + doing 让……持续(反复进行) have + n + done 请人干……/ 使遭受到…../ 使某事完成 he had his students translating sentences all the time in class. I’ll have the report typed by the secretary. Yesterday on the bus he had his money stolen. Don’t be worried, I’ll see to the matter and have everything prepared well in advance. 2. won’t / can’t have + n + doing / done不能容忍某行为发生 It’s rude of you to speak to mother like that and I won’t have you speaking to Mother like that in future. I can’t have you smoking like that. 3. get + n + to do 让某人去干……(一次性行为) get + n + doing使……开始……/ 使……动起来 get + n + done请人干…../使某事做完 the teacher got the student o read the news to his classmates. The boy is always keeping silent. Can you get him talking? The workers are on strike. Can you get them working? 4. catch sb doing 撞见……正在干…… The thief caught stealing was sent to the police station. Several students were caught cheating in the college entrance examination and were punished severely. Send + n + doing使…..快速….. The arrival of police sent the robbers running away quickly. Work came that his father was badly ill. The sad news sent him going home at once. 5. Comparatively/ frankly/ exactly/ generally/ honestly/ properly/ roughly speaking Speaking of / talking of 谈到/ 说道……judging from 从….来判断 Considering 考虑到……鉴于.; 就…..而论 6. It 形式主语 It + 系动词(be./seem…) + no good/ no use/ useless + doing sth It is no good reading without full understanding. He is t oo stubborn to change his mind. It’s no use arguing with him. As a student, it’s no good staying up too late. There + 系动词( be / seem….) + no doing sth = it’s impossible to do….做…..是不可能的 There is no finishing the work in such a short time. = it’s i mpossible to finish the work in such a short time. There is little time left, so there is no arriving there on time. There’s no saying what he’ll be doing next. (6) (with) + n + doing / being done (表示正在进行) / having done (动作已经完