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week 6

Material for reciting:

“I have to declare the decision of His Majesty‘s Government(英国政府) - and I feel sure it is a decision in which the great Dominions(自治领地) will in due concur – for we must speak out now at once, without a day’s delay. I have to make th e declaration, but can you doubt what our policy will be? We have but one aim and one single, irrevocable(不可改变的) purpose. We are resolved to destroy Hitler and every vestige(残余) of the Nazi regime(政权). From this nothing will turn us – nothing. We will never parley(谈判); we will never negotiate with Hitler or any of his gang. We shall fight him by land, we shall fight him by sea, we shall fight him in the air, until, with God‘s help, we have rid the earth of his shadow and liberated its peoples from his yoke. Any man or state who fights on against Nazidom will have our aid. Any man or state who marches with Hitler is our foe... That is our policy and that is our declaration. It follows therefore that we shall give whatever help we can to Russia and the Russian people. We shall appeal to all our friends and allies in every part of the world to take the same course and pursue it, as we shall faithfully and steadfastly(坚决地) to the end....

--- Winston Churchill, Speech on Hitler's Invasion of the U.S.S.R

但现在我必须宣布国王陛下政府的决定，我确信伟大的自治领地在适当时候会一致同意这项决定。然而我们必须现在，必须立即宣布这项决定，一天也不能耽搁。我必须发表这项声明，我相信，你们绝不会怀疑我们将要采取的政策。

我们只有一个目标，一个唯一的、不可变更的目标。我们决心要消灭希特勒，肃清纳粹制度的一切痕迹。什么也不能使我们改变这个决心。什么也不能！我们决不谈判；我们决不同希特勒或他的任何党羽进行谈判。我们将在陆地上同他作战；我们将在海洋上同他作战；我们将在天空中同他作战，直至借上帝之力，在地球上肃清他的阴影，并把地球上的人民从他的枷锁下解放出来。

任何一个同纳粹主义作斗争的人或国家，都将得到我们的援助。任何一个与希特勒同流合污的人或国家，都是我们的敌人。这一点不仅适用于国家，而且适用于所有那些卑劣的、吉斯林之流的代表人物，他们充当了纳粹制度的工具和代理人，反对自己的同胞，反对自己的故土。这些吉斯林们，就象纳粹头目自身一样，如果没有被自己的同胞干掉(干掉就会省下很多麻烦)，就将在胜利的翌日被我们送交同盟国法庭审判。这就是我们的政策，这就是我们的声明。

因此，我们将尽力给俄国和俄国人民提供一切援助。我们将呼吁世界各地的朋友和盟友采取同样的方针，并且同我们一样，忠诚不渝地推行到底。

Key Points:

I. Unity

Unity is the first quality of an effective sentence. A unified sentence expresses a single complete thought. It does not contain ideas that are not related, nor does it express a thought that is not complete by itself.

Unity is one of the fundamental qualities of effective writing. Unity in sentences helps to make ideas clear. A unified sentence means that all its parts should directly relate to a single complete thought or impression. That is to say everything in the sentence should contribute to making one clear idea. If any parts of the sentence, such as clauses, phrases or even words are not closely related in expressing a complete thought, it is a violation of the unity principles.

II. Coherence

Coherence means clear and reasonable connection between parts. A sentence is coherent when its words or parts are properly connected and their relationships unmistakably clear. It is not coherent if it has faulty parallel constructions, pronouns with ambiguous reference, dangling or misplaced modifiers, confusing shifts in person and number, or in voice, tense, and mood.

III. Conciseness

A sentence should contain no unnecessary words. If the idea is fully expressed, the fewer words are used, the better. Wordiness only obscures, instead of clarifying, the idea.

IV. V ariety

V ariety is essential to good writing. A series of sentences of the same structure and length, beginning with the same noun or pronoun as the subject, would sound monotonous. V ariety is achieved when short sentences are used in between long ones, simple sentences in between compound and complex ones, periodic sentences in between loose ones. An occasional question, command, or exclamation among statements may also be helpful. The following ways may help to achieve variety.

1. combining sentences with phrases

2. combining sentences by coordinating or subordinating

3. beginning some sentences with participles

4. beginning some sentences with prepositional phrases

5. using –ly openers

6. using to openers

V. Emphasis

?Effective sentences emphasize their main ideas, making them forceful, and keeping related but less important ideas in the background. Emphasis is a reflection of purposes. In writing there are also ways for placing emphasis on sentences or words that should be emphasized.

★I. Effective sentences

In a passage there may be sentences which are more important than others because they convey more important ideas than others do. Such sentences may be emphasized in the following ways:

? Short sentences

? Sentence fragments

?Inverted sentences

? Parallelism and balanced sentences

? Periodic sentences

? Imperative and exclamatory sentences

? Rhetorical questions

?Negative-positive statements

?Sentences with repeated words or phrases

II. Emphasis within the Sentence

V ery often a part of a sentence, whether it is a word or a phrase, should be given emphasis because it is where the main point of the sentence is. V arious ways can be used to achieve this.

* Placing

* Repetition

* The V erb and the Active V oice

* Subordination

* Emphatic Words and Phrases

* Alliteration

Revise the following sentences, making them as concise as possible without changing their meaning.

1. Although they were few in number, the early settlers who came to this country brought with them strong and devout religious faith and beliefs.

2. At approximately 8:00 pm last night, I found a quiet and peaceful spot in the park and perused my academic lecture.

3. In view of the fact that the job market is constantly changing, the counselor urged each and every student to plan alternate plans for the future.

4. V arious aspects of personal behavior are studied and analyzed by the specialists

in the field of psychology.

5. In this modern day and age there is little to do, and nothing is difficult to do, in order to have a clean house as far as today’s cleaning tasks are concerned.

大学英语四级长句翻译方法及技巧

第19卷第12期武汉科技学院学报Vol.19 No.12 2006年12月 JOURNAL OF WUHAN UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING Dec. 2006 英语长句翻译方法及技巧张艳萍 (湛江师范学院大学外语部, 广东湛江 524048) 摘要：英语长句翻译是英语学习中的一个难点,本文从英汉语言对比的角度，探讨了英汉两种语言的差异，进一步分析了两种语言长句的特点,概述了英语长句的常用的四种翻译方法，并举例分析了这些方法在实际中的运用。关键词：英汉长句；差异；翻译；技巧中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1009－5160(2006)－0200－04 我们在英语教学过程中，往往会发现学生在汉译英时出现中国式英语，英译汉时句子却“西化”。究其原因我认为这主要是因为英语和汉语来自两种完全不同的文化语言体系，语序差别甚大，尤其遇到复杂长句，除了需要较强的对比分析理解能力外，还要求我们掌握一定的翻译理论和技巧以及具备较好的语言表达能力。为此，本人结合自己的英语教学实际，拟从英汉语言对比的角度来对英语长句的翻译问题作些探讨。 1 英汉句子结构的差异人类语言的多样性，使翻译成为人类交流的重要媒介。同时，由于不同语言体系的差异，在英汉翻译里，英语和汉语会在句法结构、内在逻辑关系存在着明显差异：（1）英语句子重形合，汉语句子重意合。汉语注重隐性连贯注重逻辑事理顺序、注重功能、意义，注重以神统形，形合手段比英语少得多，没有英语所常用的那些关系代词、关系副词、连接代词和连接副词。并且汉语介词数量少，句式结构上也无太多的限制，可以利用说话的语气、环境及语言结构内部的相互衬托等条件使语句尽量辞约义丰。所以汉语是一种必须联系交际人主体意识、语言环境、句子表达功能作动态的意念分析的重“意合”的语言，是有别于英语句子重“形合”，试看下面句子：例1：My idea of a good P.E. class is one where youth are involved in at least 20 minutes of basic movement that gets their heart rates up. 译文：说到一节好的体育课，我的想法是青年在体育课中至少要进行20分钟使他们心跳加快的基本运动。这是一个典型的重形合的英语句子，全句用两个关系代词将两个定语从句联系起来，在译文中，将关系一层层理清楚，整句语气从容不迫，这就符合了汉语的叙事方法。例2：不听老人言，吃亏在眼前。译文1：If you wish good advice, consult an old man. 原文中的假设关系是隐含的，译成英语时用连词if把假设关系给表达出来，从这一例句可以看出英语重形合而汉语重意合的句子特点。译文2：Who never consults an old man may suffer loss. 此句用名词性从句来翻译，同样体现了英汉两种语言在“形”和“意”上的区别。（2）汉语通常根据时间顺序逐个翻译，而英语则较注重空间顺序。汉语句中可常见两个以上的动词，甚至几乎全句皆动词。如：孩子们手里拿着老师给他们的礼物，唱着、收稿日期：2006-09-17 作者简介：张艳萍（1978- ），女，硕士研究生，研究方向：英语翻译.

上海牛津版八年级上册8A Unit6-7词性转换专项巩固练习(有答案)

上海牛津版8AU6-U7词性转换专项练习一、用所给单词的正确形式填空 1．The school library is on the _________ floor of the new building. （two） 2．We are all working hard to make our country strong and _________. （power） 3．My mother always says _________ is the most important when we do everything. （safe）4．The little boy had a _________ look on his face when seeing the magic show. （surprise）5．“What you say is partly _________,” the teacher said to me in class. （truth） 6．The movie is _________. It’s not good for children to see it. （frighten） 7．Our school will go ________ during the half-term holidays. （camp） 8．Alice felt ________ when she saw a monster coming towards her. （frighten）9．Many beautiful animals will ________ if we don’t do anything to protect them. （appear）10．Detectives have caught several ________ at the station. （thief） 11．________ he can’t see the words on the blackboard clearly without glasses. （luck）12．Please carry the vase ________ because it can be easily broken. （gentle） 13．Can I ask you for a ________ （favourite）? 14．It must be exciting to ________ a new world. （unexplored） 15．My office is on the 11th floor of a building with eighteen ________. （storey）16．Towards evening yesterday, we found a ________ puppy in my garden. （lose）17．The children were enjoying ________ during the trip to North Country Park. （they）18．The movie is ________. It’s unsuitable for children to see it. （fright） 19．He lived on the ________ floor of the flat. （twenty） 20．The cross talk was so ________ that all the people began laughing. （fun）

实验2. ASPNet验证控件

实验编号：02 四川师大Web程序设计实验报告 2015年12月26日计算机科学学院级 4 班实验名称https://www.doczj.com/doc/bf222975.html,验证控件姓名：沙夫都学号：2013110431 指导老师：徐勇实验成绩: 97 实验二https://www.doczj.com/doc/bf222975.html,验证控件一．实验目的及要求使用https://www.doczj.com/doc/bf222975.html,验证控件制作一个简单的用户注册页面。二．实验内容 1.使用https://www.doczj.com/doc/bf222975.html,验证控件制作一个简单的用户注册页面。 2.注册页面中有用户名、密码、重复密码、年龄、电子邮件等必填项。其中密码需要二次验证，年龄范围在1~100之间，电子邮件符合规范。三．实验主要流程、基本操作或核心代码、算法片段（该部分如不够填写，请另加附页） <%@ Control Language="C#" AutoEventWireup="true" CodeFile="WebUserControl.ascx.cs" Inherits="WebUserControl" %>

第六单元词类转换翻译法作业

第六单元词类转换翻译法作业 1. I had the impression that your brother was the director of the company. 2. He was a regular visitor. 3. A successful scientist must be a good observer. 4. Telecommunication means so much in modern life that without it our life would be impossible. 5. He is full in vigor, but fails in carefulness. 6. Party officials worked hours on meager food, in cold caves, by dim lamps. 7. When the switch is off . the circuit is open and electricity doesn’t go through .

参考答案 1. 在我的印象中, 你哥哥是那家公司的董事长。 2. 他以前经常来。 3. 一个成功的科学家一定善于观察。 4. 电信在现代生活中的意义十分重大, 没有它就不可能有我们现在的生活。 5. 他劲头十足, 但不够仔细。 6. 党的干部吃简陋的饮食, 住寒冷的窑洞, 靠微弱的灯光, 长时间地工作。 7. 当开关断开时, 电路就形成开路, 电流不能通过。课后练习

1. The mastery of language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 语言这个东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功不可。（名词转为动词） 2. In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。（形容词转为动词） 3. Every morning she would go to the lake area for a walk. 每天早上，她都要到湖区去散步。（名词转为动词） 4. The music is a gas. 这音乐妙极了.〔名词转为形容词） 5. The delegates at the conference unanimously expressed their determination to oppose hegemonism on the part of the two superpowers. 会上，代表们一致表示坚决地反对两个超级大国的霸权主义。（名词转为副词) 6. My suggestion is that he should quit somking at once. 我建议他立刻戒烟.（由于原文中的主语转译成了谓语，原文主语前的定语也相应地转译成主语.） 7. A week after his prelude to the President's visit, China was in。在他为总统出访所作的序幕之行后一周，中国成了最时新的话题。（形容词转为名词〕 8. Official Moscow is going to object the proposal. 莫斯科官方准备反对此项提议．（形容词转为名词） 9．Saud was a frustrated man at that time. 沙特那时已受挫折（形容词转为动词） 10. We have known a simila r past of humiliation and exploitation. 在过去。我们都同样遭受到凌辱和剥削。（形容词转为副词） 11. Our age is witnessing a profound political change. 我们的时代是深刻的政治变化的见证。（动词转为名词) 12. Xu Beihong’s drawings (paintings) of horses are exceptionally good 徐悲鸿画马画得特别好。（名词转为动词） 13. I am so grateful to my father for his continuous encouragement during my childhood. 我非常感谢父亲，因为在我小时侯他总是不断地鼓励我。 14. Millions of the people in the mountainous areas are finally off poverty. 千百万山区人终于摆脱了贫穷(介词转为动词) 15. He came to my home for help 他来到我家,请求帮忙(介词转为动词) 16. At noon, she came home for lunch. 中午,她回家吃午饭。（介词转为动词） 17. The people are with him. 人民拥护他. (系动词be+介词转为行为动词) 18. The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. 这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了。（系动词be＋介词转为行为动词） 19. He was away before dawn. 他在黎明前出发的〔系动词be＋副词转为行为动词〕 20. Traditionally, there had always been good relations between them. 它们之间一直有着传统的友好关系。（副词转为形容词）

验证控件和正则表达式

第10章验证控件 RequiredFieldDemo.aspx页面：

请选择部门：【--请选择部门--】业务部后勤部财务部
请输入城市：

词类转换练习

1 ) 重要，重要的 1. Anybody can see the _________ of good health. 2. It is __________ to see that the brakes on your bicycle work properly. 3. More __________, the teacher should make the total meaning of the dialogue clear to the students before having them repeat it. ( 2 ) 发明，创造 1. Necessity is the mother of __________. 2. He __________ a story to explain why he was late. 3. It was absolutely new method __________ by himself. ( 3 ) 兴趣，使发生兴趣，有趣的，引起兴趣的 1. Geology __________ him. 2. He’s a most __________ man. 3. He did not seem at all __________ in the subject. 4. I will be most __________ to hear your personal views on the station there. 5. Local colour added __________ to the novel. ( 4 ) 善良，好心，仁慈，和蔼 1. I want to thank you for your __________ to me. 2. The policeman treated the lost child __________. 3. Taking a blind man across the street is a __________ act. 4. Will you be so __________ as to answer a few questions? ( 5 ) 迟，晚；后来，最近，最新 1. I was __________ getting up this morning. 2. Tom came to school __________ and missed the first lesson. 3. Nine months __________, they were divorced. 4. They have equipped the office with the ___________ business machines. 5. What have you been doing ___________.

(完整版)英语中长句的翻译

Chapter 13 英汉长句的翻译 Translation of English Long Sentences 1. 何谓长句所谓长句，主要指语法结构复杂、修饰成分较多、内容层次在两个或两个以上的复合句，亦可指含义较多的简单句。 2、汉英长句比较英、汉两种语言在句法上存在差异,英语多为形合句,汉语多为意合句。汉语句子多属于紧缩型,英语的句子多属于扩展型.英语修辞语位置相对灵活,前置后置,比较自如,尤其倾向于后置,十分有利于句子的扩展。英语句子较长,且较多使用关联词和从句。多种从句(主语、状语、定语、表语从句)并存的长句比比皆是。因为英语结构复杂,层次变化多样,容易产生误解,所以英语长句翻译成为难点。 3、英语长句的分析在分析长句时可以采用下面的方法: (1) 找出全句的主语、谓语和宾语（主干/句）, 从整体上把握句子的结构。 (2) 找出句中所有的谓语结构、非谓语动词、介词短语和从句的引导词。 (3) 分析从句和短语的功能, 例如, 是否为主语从句, 宾语从句, 表语从句等,若是状语, 它是表示时间、原因、结果、还是表示条件等等)。 (4) 分析词、短语和从句之间的相互关系, 例如, 定语从句所修饰的先行词是哪一个等。 (5) 注意插入语等其他成分。例：Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. Behaviorists suggest that the child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate responses will experience greater intellectual development. 分析: (1) 该句的主语为behaviorists, 谓语为suggest, 宾语为一个从句, 因此整个句子为Behaviorist suggest that-clause 结构。 (2) 该句共有五个谓语结构, 它们的谓语动词分别为suggest, is raised, are, develop, experience等。译文：行为主义者认为, 如果儿童的成长环境里有许多刺激因素, 这些因素又有利于其适当反应能力的发展, 那么, 儿童的智力就会发展到较高的水平 4. 翻译方法 4 . 1 顺译法Synchronizing 有些英语长句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排，或按逻辑关系安排，与汉语的表达方式比较一致，可按原文顺序译出。例（1）In international buying and selling of goods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial losses. (在)国际贸易货物的买卖(中)存在着各种各样的风险，这些风险的发生将会给(有关的)商人们带来经济损失。例（2） (1)In Africa I met a boy,(2) who was crying as if his heart would break and said,(3)when I spoke

web实验 - 验证控件

南京信息工程大学Web技术与应用实验(实习)报告实验(实习)名称验证控件实验(实习)日期2012-12-12 得分指导老师系计软院专业软工班级 2 姓名夏丽丽学号20121344081 一、实验目的 1．熟悉验证控件的常用属性； 2．熟悉常用验证控件； 3．掌握验证控件的使用二、实验内容与步骤 1、使用RequiredFieldValidator控件，对用户输入用户名进行验证，要求用户名不能为空：程序运行界面：（以下是部分代码）
3．使用CompareValidator控件，对用户输入的密码进行验证，要求用户名两次输入的密码必须一致：
4．使用CustomValidator控件，设计用户自定义验证，验证用户输入数字是不是偶数：

英语句子翻译技巧

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