必修六Unit 2 Poems
重点单词
1. convey vt. 运送；输送；(向某人)传递，表达
(1) convey sth. (from )...to... 把某物(从……)运送到……
convey the necessasities to the earthquake-hit areas
(2) convey sth. to sb. 向某人传递/ 表达
convey the information / a message to sb.
convey one’s emotions /feeling / sorrow…to sb.
(3) convey that... 传达/ 说明……
I want to convey to children that reading is one of life’s greatest treats.
我想告诉孩子们，阅读是人生最大的乐事之一。
2. flexible adj. 灵活的；可弯曲的；柔顺的
(1) flexible plastic tubing可弯曲的
(2) a more flexible design / approach灵活的
Our plans need to be flexible enough to cater for the needs of everyone.
(3) flexible working hours 弹性工作时间
3. take it / things easy放松；别紧张；从容
Take短语：
take one’s time 别急；慢慢来take sth. apart 拆开
take in 收留；欺骗；吸收take off 脱掉；起飞；事业腾飞
take on呈现；带着take over控制；接管
take up占据；从事take... by surprise 突袭
take... seriously 认真对待take it for granted 认为理所当然
4. run out of (vt.) 用光；耗尽
(1) sb. run out of sth. (vt.)= sb. use up sth (某人)用光；耗尽(供应品)
(2) sth. run out (vi.) = sth. give out (某物)用光；耗尽；过期；失效
完成句子：
我的钱快用完了，所以要从银行取点钱以防手头太紧。
My money running out, I have to draw some from the bank in case I have none in hand. Running out of my money, I have to draw some from the bank in case I have none in hand.
5. branch
(1) hide in the branches of the tree
(2) The bank has branches all over the country
(3) the branch of computer science known as 'artificial intelligence'
(4) a branch of the Rhine
(5) My uncle's branch of the family emigrated to Canada.
6. in particular尤其；格外；专门的；具体的
(1) =especially or particularly
I am interested in sports in general, and basketball in particular.
一般的体育运动我都喜欢，尤其是篮球。
(2) =special or specific
Is there anything in particular you would like to eat for lunch? No, nothing in particular.
午餐你想吃什么特别喜欢的菜吗? 没有，什么都行。
7. transform vi. & vt. 转化，转换；改造，变换
(1) transform A into B 把A转换成B The machine can transform heat into power.
(2) transform sb. / sth. (from sth.) to sth. 把……转换成/ 改造为
(3) transform one’s life / character 改变某人的一生/ 性格
8. bare
(1) walk around on bare feet
the bare branches of winter trees ◆a bare mountainside
9. exchange
vt. & vi. 交换；调换
(1) exchange sth. 交流(观点、经验等)
(2) exchange sth. for sth. 以……换……exchange our currency for Euros 把现金兑换成欧元
(3) exchange sth. with sb. 与某人交换某物
n. 交换
(4) make an exchange 交换
(5) in exchange (for sth.) 作为对……的交换
10. sponsor n. 保证人, 赞助者, 发起者, 主办者
v. 担保或赞助（某人、事物）；倡议（某事）
sports events sponsored by the tobacco industry
The US is sponsoring negotiations between the two sides.
Will you sponsor me for a charity walk I'm doing?
a sponsored walk / swim
She found a company to sponsor her through college.
12. blank
a blank page Sign your name in the blank space
Suddenly the screen went blank
She stared at me with a blank expression on her face. ◆Steve looked blank and said he had no idea what I was talking about. ◆Suddenly my mind went blank (= I could not remember anything).
fill in the blanks with a black pen
14. let out发出；放走；(电影课堂等)结束
(1) let sb. out 放走、释放某人；使自由
(2) let sth. out 发出叫声，发泄愤怒，泄露秘密，改大等
let out a cry / a shout of joy / one’s anger / a secret / a skirt
(3) (school, movies) let out 放学；散场
Let 短语：
let alone 更不用说；更别提let sb. alone / be 不打扰某人
let sb. down 使某人失望let go (of)... 放手；松开
let sb. / sth. in 让……进来
4. load
vt. & vi. 装载；负重
(1) load sb. /sth. with sth. 用……装载/ 使……负担
= be loaded with… = be burdened with …. 装载着……；负担着……
She was loaded down with bags of books
(2) load sth. into sth. 把……装入……/ 使……负担
(3) load sb. / sth. down with sth. 给……施以重负
n. 负担；负荷物
(4) take a load off one’s mind 打消某人的顾虑
(5) carry / bear the load of…承担……的重担
heavy study loads学业负担
loaded adj.装载的，满载的 a fully loaded truck 一辆满载的货车unload vt. 卸载unload sth. from 从……卸下，取下
loaded with daily supplies for the villagers, the truck is running at full speed. 满载着给村民的日常物资,卡车全速行驶。
必背短语：
1. make a list of 列出
2. leave/make an impression on sb 给某人留下印象
3. convey certain emotions 传递某种感情
4. express oneself表达自己的思想
5. sth. make sense 某事有道理、有意义，讲得通
6. sb. make sense of sth.某人理解某事
7. transform A into B 把A转换成B
8. transform one’s l ife / character 改变某人的一生/性格
9. take one’s eye off sth… 使某人的目光远离……/ 不看……
10. take it easy放松，不要紧张
11. take sth. seriously 认真、严肃地对待……
12. be made up of/ consist of由……组成
13. be popular with=be well received by sb. 受……欢迎
14. in exchange (for…) 作为对……的交换
15. win the championship 赢得冠军
16. in particular 尤其、特别
17. be particular about sth. 对……挑剔/ 讲究
18. choose from从……中挑选
19. at the bottom of 在……底端
20. try out 测试；试验
21. (Sb. / Sth.) be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事
22. recite / read / explain sth. to sb. 给某人背诵/读/解释……
23. play with words 玩文字游戏
Give concrete evidence
重点句型
1.There are various reasons why people write poetry. 人们写诗的原因是各种各样的。(名词reason后跟why从句时，该从句为定语从句，也可用for which来引导。)
2. Some poems tell a story or describe something in a way that will give the reader a strong impression. 有些诗以一种能给读者留下深刻印象的方式讲述一个故事或描述一些东西。(that引导定语从句修饰先行词way, 其中way 在定语从句中作主语，所以不可省略，不可换成in which.)
3. With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own. 有这么多可供选择的诗歌类型，最终学生们也想自己作诗了。(with的复合结构是指with + 宾语+宾语补足语，它在句中可做状语，表示时间、原因、方式、伴随状况等。有如下几种常用结构。
(1) with + 宾语+ adj. (adj. 表状态)
(2) with + 宾语+ adv. (adv. 表状态)
(3) with + 宾语+ 介词短语
(4) with + 宾语+ to do sth. (to do表示将来，常用主动形式表被动)
(5) with + 宾语+ doing sth. (doing与前面的宾语是主动关系，表示正在进行的动作)
With no one noticing him, he slipped out of his study to play computer games outside alone. (6) with + 宾语+ done (done与前面的宾语是被动关系，表示被动的或完成的动作)
They sat together around the table, with the door shut, talking about the plan.
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Lifestyles City and Country Part A Reading: City and Country Before you start 1. Answer these questions to prepare yourself. Use the Key Words below to help you. (1)How are city and countyr lifestyles different in China? (2)Can you imagine city and country lifestyles in Britain? 2. Guess what the two articles are about. Read to learn 3. Now read the two texts quickly and check your guesses. City and country Debbie is an accountant in a large company in the centre of London. I need to be in my office by nine o’clock so I usually get up at seven o’clock. I travel to work on “the tube”. That’s what people call the underground in London. It takes about fifty minutes. Usually, it’s s o crowded that I can’t find anywhere to sit. I just stand. I’m always tired before I arrive at work. I don’t like the underground! I spend all morning checking numbers. Lunch is always simple. I often get a sandwich in a nearby sandwich shop or I just have some biscuits and a cup of coffee. Then in the afternoon, I return to the paperwork in the office. On Monday nights, I have dance classes, and on Wednesday nights, I go to the gym. I need to do that because I don’t get enough exercise otherwise. On Tuesday and Thursday nights, I have French classes. I work for a French company so I think studying French will help me in my job.
《化学（必修）1》课后习题参考答案 第一章第一节 1．C 2．C 3．CD 4．略 5．乳化原理或萃取原理 6．利用和稀盐酸反应产生气体 7．不可靠，因为碳酸钡也是白色沉淀，碳酸根干扰了硫酸根的检验。 由于硫酸钡是难溶的强酸盐，不溶于强酸，而碳酸钡是难溶弱酸盐，可溶于强酸，因此可先取样，再滴入氯化钡溶液和几滴稀硝酸或稀盐酸，如果出现白色沉淀，说明有硫酸根。 第一章第二节 1．D 2．B 3．B 4．B 5．65 mg/dL ~110mg/dL （1mmol=10-3mol） 6．这种操作会使得结果偏低，因为倒出去的溶液中含有溶质，相当于容量瓶内的溶质有损失。 7．14mL 8．n(Ca)：n(Mg)：n(Cu)：n(Fe)=224：140：35：2 9．1）0.2mol 2）Cu2+：0.2mol Cl-：0.4mol 10．40 （M=40 g/mol，该气体的相对分子质量为40。） 第一章复习题 1．C 2．B 3．A 4．BC 5．C 6．(1) 不正确。（标况下） （2）不正确。（溶液体积不为1L） （3）不正确。（水标况下不是气体） （4）正确。（同温同压下气体的体积比即为物质的量之比，也就是分子个数比）7．（1）5% （2）0.28mol/L 8． 9．1.42 g，操作步骤略。 第二章第一节 1．②⑧①④⑤⑥⑦⑩⑨2．树状分类法略 6．BD 7．胶体区别于其他分散系得本质特征是胶体粒子的大小在1~100nm范围。 胶体的应用，例如明矾净水、豆浆加石膏成豆腐、静电除尘、江河入海口易形成沙洲、血液透析、饱和氯化铁溶液用于应急性止血等。 第二章第二节 1．水溶液熔融状态电离阴阳离子阳离子H+阴离子OH-金属离子或铵根离子酸根离子H+ + OH-=H2O 2．两种电解质在溶液中相互交换离子的反应生成难溶物、易挥发物质、弱电解质 3．C 4．C 5．C 6．B 7．D 8．(1) NaOH=Na++OH-(2) CuCl2=Cu2++2Cl- (3) Fe2(SO4)3=2Fe3++3SO42-(4) Ba(NO3)2=Ba2++2NO3- 铁粉 过滤 Fe、Cu FeSO4溶液 稀硫酸 过滤FeSO 4 溶液 蒸发 结晶
选修六 Unit 1 1.adj. 现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 2.adj. 抽象的；深奥的n. 摘要 3.n. 雕塑 4.n. 雕刻家；雕塑家 5.n. 美术陈列室；画廊 6.n. 信任；信心；信念 7.adv. 忠实地 8.adv. 所以；因而 9.n. 目标；目的vi. & vt. 瞄准；（向某方向）努力 10.adj. 常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 11.adj. 典型的；有代表性的 12.adj. 明显的；明白的 13.n. 新生；复兴；复活 14.vt. 采用；采纳；收养 15.adj. 人道主义的 16.vt. 拥有；具有；支配 17.n. （尤作复数）所有；财产 18.adj. 卓越的；杰出的；极好的 19.n. 透视画法；透视图；观点 20.n. 技术；方法；技能 21.n. 巧合（的事）；（事情、口味、故事等）相合 22.巧合地 23.n. 杰作；名著 24.n. 印象主义；印象派 25.adj. 印象派的 n.印象派艺术家 26.adj. 后印象派的n. 后印象派艺术家 27.大量28.n. 阴影；影子 29.adj. 荒谬的；可笑的 30.adj. 争论的；争议的 31.n. 努力；尝试；企图vt. 尝试；企图 32.（可是）另一方面 33.vt. 预言；预告；预测 34.n. 风景；景色 35.adj. 确切的；特定的 36.n. 画像；身材；数字 37.n. 黏土 38.n. 评论家；批评者 39.n. 青铜；青铜色；青铜制艺术品 40.n. 大理石 41.vt. 雕刻；刻记 42.adj. 脆弱的；容易生病的；精致的 43.n. 帆布；画布 44.n. 咖啡馆；小餐馆 45.adj. 过敏性的；对……过敏的 46.adv. 有效地 47.n. 展览；陈列；展览会 48.adj.敢做敢为的;侵略的；好斗的 49.n. 学者 50.n. 肉；肌肉；肉体 51.活着的；本人 52.n. 几何学 53.n. 束；串 54.n. 林荫道；道路；大街 55.n. 喜爱；偏爱
从实验学化学 一、化学实验安全 1、（1）做有毒气体的实验时，应在通风厨中进行，并注意对尾气进行适当处理（吸收或点燃等）。进行易燃易爆气体的实验时应注意验纯，尾气应燃烧掉或作适当处理。 （2）烫伤宜找医生处理。 （3）浓酸撒在实验台上，先用Na2CO3（或NaHCO3）中和，后用水冲擦干净。浓酸沾在皮肤上，宜先用干抹布拭去，再用水冲净。浓酸溅在眼中应先用稀NaHCO3溶液淋洗，然后请医生处理。 （4）浓碱撒在实验台上，先用稀醋酸中和，然后用水冲擦干净。浓碱沾在皮肤上，宜先用大量水冲洗，再涂上硼酸溶液。浓碱溅在眼中，用水洗净后再用硼酸溶液淋洗。 （5）钠、磷等失火宜用沙土扑盖。 （6）酒精及其他易燃有机物小面积失火，应迅速用湿抹布扑盖。 二．混合物的分离和提纯 分离和提纯的方法分离的物质应注意的事项应用举例过滤用于固液混合的分离一贴、二低、三靠如粗盐的提纯 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
蒸馏提纯或分离沸点不同的液体混合物防止液体暴沸，温度计水银球的位置，如石油的蒸馏中冷凝管中水的流向 如石油的蒸馏 萃取利用溶质在互不相溶的溶剂里的溶解度不同，用一种溶剂把溶质从它与另一种溶剂所组成的溶液中提取出来 的方法选择的萃取剂应符合下列要求：和原溶液中的溶剂互不相溶；对溶质的溶解度要远大于原溶剂用四氯化碳萃取溴水里的溴、碘 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
分液分离互不相溶的液体打开上端活塞或使活塞上的 凹槽与漏斗上的水孔，使漏斗内外空气相通。打开活塞，使下层液体慢慢流出，及时关闭活塞，上层液体由上端倒出如用四氯化碳萃取溴水里的溴、碘后再分液 蒸发和结晶用来分离和提纯几种可溶性固体的混合物 加热蒸发皿使溶液蒸发时，要用玻璃棒不断搅动溶液；当蒸发皿中出现较多的固体时，即停止加热分离NaCl和KNO3混合物 三、离子检验 离子所加试剂现象离子方程式 Cl－ AgNO3、稀HNO3产生白色沉淀 Cl－＋Ag＋＝AgCl↓ SO42-稀HCl、BaCl2白色沉淀 SO42-+Ba2＋=BaSO4↓ 四.除杂 注意事项：为了使杂质除尽，加入的试剂不能是“适量”，而应是“过量”；但过量的试剂必须在后续操作中便于除去。 五、物质的量的单位――摩尔 1.物质的量（n）是表示含有一定数目粒子的集体的物理量。 2.摩尔（mol）: 把含有6.02 ×1023个粒子的任何粒子 集体计量为1摩尔。 GAGGAGAGGAFFFFAFAF
选修6 Unit 1 Art-Reading A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones, starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages (5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artist of this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance (15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values graduallv replaced those held in the Middle Ages.People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life. At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess t heir own paintings, so they could decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the roles of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence, oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism (late 19th to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal. from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes. Naturally, these changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.
第1页 共4页 第2页 共4页 Δ ①根据分散质微粒组成 分子胶体 如：蛋白质胶体（蛋白质溶液）、淀粉胶体（淀粉溶液） 粒子胶体 如： AgI 胶体、Fe(OH)3胶体、Al(OH)3胶体 气溶胶 如：烟、云、雾、灰尘 ②根据分散剂的状态划分 液溶胶 如：AgI 胶体、Fe(OH)3胶体、Al(OH)3胶体 固溶胶 如：烟水晶、有色玻璃、合金 2、Fe(OH)3胶体的制备、硅酸胶体的制备、碘化银胶体的制备 （1）Fe(OH)3胶体的制备 取一个干燥洁净的小烧杯，加入25mL 蒸馏水，将烧杯中的水加热至沸腾，向沸水中逐滴加入5～6滴FeCl 3饱和溶液 ，继续煮沸至溶液呈红褐色，停止加热，得到的分散系即为Fe(OH)3胶体。 反应的化学方程式为 FeCl 3+3H 2O=== Fe(OH)3（胶体）+3HCl （2）硅酸胶体的制备 在试管中加入3-5mL Na 2SiO 3溶液（饱和的Na 2SiO 3溶液按1:2或者1：3的体积比用蒸馏水稀释），滴入1-2滴酚酞溶液，再用胶头滴管逐滴加入稀盐酸，边加边振荡，至溶液红色变浅并接近消失。静置。 反应的化学方程式为 Na 2SiO 3+2HCl=H 2SiO 3（胶体）+2NaCl （3）碘化银胶体的制备 在碘化钾稀溶液中加入少量的硝酸银溶液，边滴入边震荡。 反应的化学方程式为 KI+AgNO 3=AgI （胶体）+KNO 3 思考：若上述（1）反应中，没有及时停止加热，会出现什么现象？若上述（2）（3）两种反应物的量均为大量，则可观察到什么现象？如何表达对应的两个反应方程式？ 提示：（1）胶体聚沉，生成红褐色沉淀 （2）Na 2SiO 3+2HCl=H 2SiO 3↓+2NaCl 生成白色沉淀 （3） KI+AgNO 3=AgI↓+KNO 3 生成黄色沉淀 3、胶体的性质与应用 带负电的胶粒胶体：非金属氧化物、金属硫化物、硅酸胶体、土壤胶体。 （2）固溶胶不发生电泳现象；气溶胶在高压电的条件也能发生电泳现象（静电除尘）；胶体都是呈电中性的，凡是胶粒带电荷的液溶胶，通常都可发生电泳现象，胶粒不带电的不会发生电泳现象。【碘 化银胶体和蛋白质胶体的胶体粒子所带的电荷的电性不同条件下是不相同的】 （3）聚沉的方法有三种：①加入电解质溶液 ②加入带相反电荷胶粒的胶体③加热或搅拌【胶体粒子不带电的胶体可以用第③方法聚沉】 （4）向氢氧化铁胶体中加入稀硫酸现象：产生红褐色沉淀，后红褐色沉淀溶解。原因：少量稀硫酸作为溶液使胶体聚沉，生成氢氧化铁红褐色沉淀，过量的稀硫酸与氢氧化铁反应，使沉淀溶解。 （5）胶体的应用 胶体的知识在生活、生产和科研等方面有着重要用途，如常见的有： ①盐卤点豆腐 ②明矾净水 ③FeCl 3溶液用于伤口止血 ④江河入海口形成的沙洲 ⑤冶金厂大量烟尘用高压电除去 ⑥土壤胶体中离子的吸附和交换过程，保肥作用 ⑦用同一钢笔灌不同牌号墨水易发生堵塞 4、胶体的提纯净化 ：利用渗析的方法，将胶体中的杂质离子或小分子除去。 四、离子反应 1、电离 ：电解质溶于水或受热熔化时解离成自由离子的过程。 2、电离方程式书写——“三句话” ①强酸、强碱、盐用等号一步到位 ②一元弱酸、所有弱碱用可逆符号一步到位 ③多远弱酸多可逆符号分步电离 例：①H 2SO 4 = 2H + + SO 42- NaOH= Na +＋OH - Ca(OH)2= Ca 2+＋2OH - BaCl 2 = Ba 2+ + 2Cl - BaSO 4 = Ba 2+ + SO 4 2- NaHSO 4 == Na ＋ + H ＋ +SO 42-（在水溶液中） NaHCO 3 == Na ＋ + HCO 3- ②HClO H + + ClO - Cu(OH)2 Cu 2+＋2OH - ③H 2CO 3 H + +HCO 3- HCO 3- H + +CO 32- 从电离的角度，我们可以对酸碱盐的本质有一个新的认识。 注意：（1） HCO 3-、OH -、SO 42-等原子团不能拆开。
必修1 (1)4Na + O 2 ===== 2Na 2O （切口变暗） (2)2Na + O 2 Na 2O 2（黄色火焰） 白色 淡黄色 2Na + 2H 2O ===== 2NaOH + H 2↑ （2Na + 2H 2O =====2Na + + 2OH - + H 2↑） (4)钠投入CuSO 4 溶液 (浮 熔 游 响 红) CuSO 4 + 2NaOH ===== Cu(OH)2↓（蓝）+ Na 2SO 4 （ Cu 2++ 2OH - ==== Cu(OH)2↓ ） (6)2Al+2NaOH+2H 2O === 2NaAlO 2+3H 2↑ ( 2Al+2OH -+2H 2O=== 2AlO 2-+3H 2↑ ) (7) 3Fe+4H 2O(g)Fe 3O 4+4H 2 (8) 2Fe + 3Cl 2 2FeCl 3（棕色的烟） (9) Cu + Cl 2 CuCl 2（棕黄色的烟） (12) Na 2O + H 2O ===== 2NaOH (14)Na 2CO 3 + 2HCl(过量) ===== 2NaCl + H 2O + CO 2↑ (CO 32-+ 2H + ===== H 2O + CO 2↑) (15)Na 2CO 3 + HCl(少量) ===== NaHCO 3 +NaCl (CO 32-+ H + ===== HCO 3-) (16)NaHCO 3 + HCl ===== NaCl + H 2O + CO 2↑ (HCO 3-+ H + ===== H 2O + CO 2↑)(更快) (17)NaHCO 3 + NaOH ===== Na 2CO 3 + H 2O (HCO 3- + OH - ===== CO 32-+ H 2O) (18)2NaHCO 3 Na 2CO 3 + CO 2↑+ H 2O Na 2CO 3 + H 2O + CO 2 ===== 2NaHCO 3 (20)Al 2O 3 + 2NaOH ===== 2NaAlO 2 + H 2O (Al 2O 3 + 2OH －===== 2AlO 2－ + H 2O) (22)Al(OH)3 + NaOH ===== NaAlO 2 + 2H 2O ( Al(OH)3 + OH － ===== AlO 2－ + 2H 2O) (23)Al 2(SO 4)3+6NH 3·H 2O ===2Al(OH)3↓+3(NH 4)2SO 4 (Al 3++3NH 3·H 2O === Al(OH)3↓+3NH 4+)(制取Al(OH)3) (24)AlCl 3+3NaOH(少) === Al(OH)3↓+3NaCl (Al 3++3OH -(少) === Al(OH)3↓ ) (25)AlCl 3+4NaOH(过量) === NaAlO 2+3NaCl+2H 2O ( Al 3++4OH -(过量) === AlO 2- +2H 2O ) (26)NaAlO 2+HCl+H 2O= Al(OH)3↓+NaCl (AlO 2- + H + + H 2O = Al(OH)3↓ ) (27) NaAlO 2+4HCl = AlCl 3 +NaCl +2H 2O (AlO 2- + 4H + = Al 3++ 2H 2O) (28)Fe 2+ + 2OH - === Fe(OH)2↓ (29) Fe 3++ 3OH - === Fe(OH)3↓ (30)2Fe(OH)3Fe 2O 3 + 3H 2O (31)4Fe(OH)2+O 2+2H 2O === 4Fe(OH)3(白色沉淀迅速变成灰绿色最后变成红褐色 ) (32)2FeCl 2+Cl 2 === 2 FeCl 3 ( 2Fe 2++Cl 2 ===2 Fe 3+ +2Cl -) FeCl 2溶液中加氯水，氯水主要成分Cl 2，所以是Cl 2的反应 (33)2FeCl 3+Fe === 3 FeCl 2 (2Fe 3++Fe === 3 Fe 2+) (33) 2FeCl 3+3Mg === 3 MgCl 2 + 2Fe (34)2FeCl 3+Cu === 2FeCl 2+CuCl 2 (2Fe 3++Cu === 2Fe 2++Cu 2+) (35) Fe 3++3SCN - === Fe(SCN)3(血红色) (鉴别Fe 3+) (36) Cl 2 + H 2 2HCl （苍白色火焰） 2H 2O 2 ===== 2H 2O + O 2↑ (实验室制取氧气) (38)2HClO===== 2HCl + O 2↑ 红褐色 白色 MnO 2 光照 (Na 2CO 3与NaHCO 3 相互转化)
人教版《英语选修6》(普通高中课程标准实验教科书) 单元词汇、音标、词义。Unit 1 realistic/ri?'listik/ a.现实主义的；逼真的；现实的 abstract/'?bstr?kt/ a.抽象的；深奥的n.摘要 sculpture/'sk?lpt??/n.雕塑 sculptor/'sk?lpt?/n.雕刻家；雕塑家 gallery/'g?l?ri/n.美术陈列室；画廊 faith/feiθ/n.信任；信心；信念 faithfully/'feiθfuli/ad.忠实地 consequently/'k?nsikw?ntli/ad.所以；因而 aim/eim/n.目标；目的vi.vi.瞄准；(向某方向)努力 conventional/k?n'ven??nl/ a.常规的；传统的；因循守旧的 typical/'tipik?l/ a.典型的；有代表性的 evident/'evid?nt/ a.明显的；明白的 Giotto di Bondone乔托 renaissance/r?'neis?ns/n.新生；复兴；复活 the Renaissance文艺复兴(时期) adopt/?'d?pt/vt.采用；采纳；收养 humanistic/hju:m?'nistik/ a.人道主义的 possess/'p?'zes/vt.拥有；具有；支配 possession/p?'ze??n/n.所有；财产 superb/sju:'p?:b/ a.卓越的；杰出的；极好的 perspective/p?:'spektiv/n.透视画法；透视图；观点 technique/tek'ni:k/n.技术；方法；技能 Masaccio/mɑ:'zɑ:tt?ou/马萨乔 coincidence/'k?uin'sid?ns/n.巧合(的事)；相合 by coincidence巧合地 masterpiece/'mɑ:st?pi:s/n.杰作；名著 impressionism/im'pr???n'iz?m/n.印象主义；印象派 impressionist/im'pre??nist/ a.印象派的n.印象派艺术家 post-impressionist a.后印象派的n.后印象派艺术家 a great deal n.大量 shadow/'??d?u/n.阴影；影子 ridiculous/ri'dikjul?s/ a.荒谬的；可笑的 controversial/'k?ntr?'v?:??l/ a.争论的；争议的 attempt/?'tempt/n.努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图 on the other hand adv.(可是)另一方面
北师大版高一英语必修一单元测试题及答案全套 单元质量检测(一) (时间：100分钟满分：120分) Ⅰ.阅读理解(共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分) 阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(A、B、C和D)中，选出最佳选项。 A A long time ago, I was returning from my friend's house. My father parked the car in front of our house. We were opening the gate when suddenly we noticed two puppies run onto our lawn. They were differently colored —one was brown as a cup of coffee with its tail and ear hair dipped in black while the other puppy was a biscuit color with the tip of its tail dipped in white and its forehead had a white spot. And that's why we named them Coffee and Biscuit. Coffee is female and Biscuit is male. In other words they both are twins by a minute. Well, since then they have been with us. Now here comes the shocking part. Coffee has been with us only for one year and 11 months. Guess why? Coffee will soon be littering. At this time it is known that dogs have a sense of temper and start biting people that come near them. And so with a lot of arguing I let my parents take Coffee to a farmer's far away. They tried to assure me that Coffee would have a great time. But Biscuit and I couldn't stand the pain of losing a friend and a sister. After a month, the night before Christmas I made my Christmas wish: I wished that Coffee would come back to me on Santa's sleigh (雪橇). The next morning, I woke up to hear the singing of birds. I jumped out of bed and ran towards the Christmas tree. There were almost 100 presents. We started to open our gifts. In the end there was just one remaining. It was wrapped in a green gift paper and tied with a red ribbon. I opened it up and guessed who jumped out. It was my lost Coffee. She looked absolutely beautiful. My parents explained that she had been scratching the front door last night! 1．The story mainly tells ________． A．a lovely and little pet was recovered B．the author gave up his pet C．the pet can bring a whole world of happiness D．people should protect dogs 2．The features of the dogs are that ________． A．Coffee's ear is brown B．Biscuit likes to eat biscuits terribly C．Coffee has a black tail D．Biscuit's forehead has a white spot 3．The author had got Coffee lost ________.
化学必修1知识点 第一章从实验学化学 一、常见物质的分离、提纯和鉴别 i、蒸发和结晶蒸发是将溶液浓缩、溶剂气化或溶质以晶体析出的方法。结晶是溶质从溶液中析出晶体的过程，可以用来分离和提纯几种可溶性固体的混合物。结晶的原理是根据混合物中各成分在某种溶剂里的溶解度的不同，通过蒸发减少溶剂或降低温度使溶解度变小，从而使晶体析出。加热蒸发皿使溶液蒸发时、要用玻璃棒不断搅动溶液，防止由于局部温度过高，造成液滴飞溅。当蒸发皿中出现较多的固体时，即停止加热，例如用结晶的方法分离NaCl 和KNO3混合物。 ii、蒸馏蒸馏是提纯或分离沸点不同的液体混合物的方法。用蒸馏原理进行多种混合液体的分离，叫分馏。 操作时要注意： ①在蒸馏烧瓶中放少量碎瓷片，防止液体暴沸。 ②温度计水银球的位置应与支管底口下缘位于同一水平线上。 ③蒸馏烧瓶中所盛放液体不能超过其容积的2/3，也不能少于l/3。 ④冷凝管中冷却水从下口进，从上口出。 ⑤加热温度不能超过混合物中沸点最高物质的沸点，例如用分馏的方法进行石油的分馏。
常见物质除杂方法 ②几种重要阳离子的检验 （l）H+能使紫色石蕊试液或橙色的甲基橙试液变为红色。
（4）Al3+能与适量的NaOH溶液反应生成白色Al(OH)3絮状沉淀，该沉淀能溶于盐酸或过量的NaOH溶液。（5）Ag+能与稀盐酸或可溶性盐酸盐反应，生成白色AgCl沉淀，不溶于稀HNO3，但溶于氨水，生成［Ag(NH3)2］（6）NH4+铵盐（或浓溶液）与NaOH浓溶液反应，并加热，放出使湿润的红色石蓝试纸变蓝的有刺激性气味NH3气体。 （7）Fe2+能与少量NaOH溶液反应，先生成白色Fe(OH)2沉淀，迅速变成灰绿色，最后变成红褐色Fe(OH)3沉淀。或向亚铁盐的溶液里加入KSCN溶液，不显红色，加入少量新制的氯水后，立即显红色。 （8）Fe3+能与KSCN溶液反应，变成血红色Fe(SCN)3溶液，能与NaOH溶液反应，生成红褐色Fe(OH)3沉淀。（9）Cu2+蓝色水溶液（浓的CuCl2溶液显绿色），能与NaOH溶液反应，生成蓝色的Cu(OH)2沉淀，加热后可转变为黑色的CuO沉淀。含Cu2+溶液能与Fe、Zn片等反应，在金属片上有红色的铜生成。 ③几种重要的阴离子的检验 （1）OH－能使无色酚酞、紫色石蕊、橙色的甲基橙等指示剂分别变为红色、蓝色、黄色。 （2）Cl－能与硝酸银反应，生成白色的AgCl沉淀，沉淀不溶于稀硝酸，能溶于氨水，生成[Ag(NH3)2]+。 （3）Br－能与硝酸银反应，生成淡黄色AgBr沉淀，不溶于稀硝酸。 （4）I－能与硝酸银反应，生成黄色AgI沉淀，不溶于稀硝酸；也能与氯水反应，生成I2，使淀粉溶液变蓝。（5）SO42－能与含Ba2+溶液反应，生成白色BaSO4沉淀，不溶于硝酸。 （6）SO32－浓溶液能与强酸反应，产生无色有刺激性气味的SO2气体，该气体能使品红溶液褪色。能与BaCl2溶液反应，生成白色BaSO3沉淀，该沉淀溶于盐酸，生成无色有刺激性气味的SO2气体。 （7）S2－能与Pb(NO3)2溶液反应，生成黑色的PbS沉淀。 （8）CO32－能与BaCl2溶液反应，生成白色的BaCO3沉淀，该沉淀溶于硝酸（或盐酸），生成无色无味、能使澄清石灰水变浑浊的CO2气体。 二、常见事故的处理 三、化学计量 ①物质的量 定义：表示一定数目微粒的集合体符号n 单位摩尔符号 mol 阿伏加德罗常数：0.012kgC-12中所含有的碳原子数。用NA表示。约为6.02x1023 N 公式：n= NA ②摩尔质量：单位物质的量的物质所具有的质量用M表示单位：g/mol 数值上等于该物质的分子量 m 公式：n= M ③物质的体积决定：①微粒的数目②微粒的大小③微粒间的距离 V 公式：n= Vm 标准状况下，1mol任何气体的体积都约为22.4L ④阿伏加德罗定律：同温同压下，相同体积的任何气体都含有相同的分子数 ⑤物质的量浓度：单位体积溶液中所含溶质B的物质的量。符号CB 单位：mol/l
Unit 1A SHORT HISTORY OF WESTERN PAINTING Art is influenced by the customs and faith of a people. Styles in Western art have changed many times. As there are so many different styles of Western art, it would be impossible to describe all of them in such a short text. Consequently, this text will describe only the most important ones. Starting from the sixth century AD. The Middle Ages(5th to the 15th century AD) During the Middle Ages, the main aim of painters was to represent religious themes. A conventional artistof this period was not interested in showing nature and people as they really were. A typical picture at this time was full of religious symbols, which created a feeling of respect and love for God. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way. The Renaissance(15th to 16th century) During the Renaissance, new ideas and values gradually replaced those held in the Middle Ages. People began to concentrate less on religious themes and adopt a more humanistic attitude to life.At the same time painters returned to classical Roman and Greek ideas about art. They tried to paint people and nature as they really were. Rich people wanted to possess their own paintings, so they coule decorate their superb palaces and great houses. They paid famous artists to paint pictures of themselves, their houses and possessions as well as their activities and achievements. One of the most important discoveries during this period was how to draw things in perspective. This technique was first used by Masaccio in 1428. When people first saw his paintings, they were convinced that they were looking through a hole in a wall at a real scene. If the rules of perspective had not been discovered, no one would have been able to paint such realistic pictures. By coincidence,oil paints were also developed at this time, which made the colours used in paintings look richer and deeper. Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous. Impressionism(late 19h to early 20th century) In the late 19th century, Europe changed a great deal,from a mostly agricultural society to a mostly industrial one. Many people moved from the countryside to the new cities. There were many new inventions and social changes also led to new painting styles. Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worke in Paris. The Impressionists were the first painters to work outdoors. They were eager to show how light and shadow fell on objects at different times of day. However, because natural light changes so quickly, the Impressionists had to paint quickly. Their paintings were not as detailed as those of earlier painters. At first, many people disliked this style of painting and became very angry about it. They said that the painters were careless and their paintings were ridiculous. Modern Art(29th century to today) At the time they were created, the Impressionist paintings were controversial, but today they are accepeted as the beginning of what we call "modern art". This is because the Impressionists encouraged artists to look at their environment in new ways. There are scores of modern art styles,but without the Impressionists, many of these painting styles might not exsist. On the one hand, some modern art is abstract; that is, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes, but instead concentrates n certain qualities of the object,