一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Researchers in Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide that is damaging our planet and transform it into something solid, making it much easier to store.
Carbon capture isn't new, but previous methods call for the gas to be compressed into liquid and then injected underground. Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by economic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks. Instead, in a study published in Nature Communications, the group details their sustainable and cost-effective plan for transforming CO2 into coal.
This new process involves a liquid metal catalyst(催化剂)that is efficient in conducting electricity. CO2gas is dissolved in a container with some liquid. Once electricity charge is introduced, the CO2 begins to turn into solid pieces of carbon, which can be collected and stored. What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature. Previous experiments have only shown a gas to solid conversion at extremely high temperature, which made it impossible on a large scale. Now, the researchers are hoping that their work will be used to create even further when it comes to carbon storage.
In an interesting side benefit, the solid carbon also works as an electrode(焊条), which opens up a world of possibilities. "A side benefit of the process is that the carbon can hold electrical charge, becoming a super battery, so it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles," explains Dr. Dorna Estrafilzadeh, a researcher. "The process also produces fuel as a by-product, which could also have industrial applications."
（1）What can we know about the previous carbon capture methods?
A. People have to inject liquid to the gas.
B. The previous methods can be done easily.
C. The previous methods are not very popular.
D. People have widely accepted previous methods.
（2）What is the special part of the new method?
A. It needs electricity to make the process efficient.
B. It can be done in any kind of container.
C. It doesn't need extreme temperature.
D. It can produce much solid carbon.
（3）What can we infer from the last paragraph?
A. The method will make fossil oil disappear.
B. The method will influence the future industry.
C. The method will make developed countries more powerful.
D. The method will be used to make new vehicles.
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A. How to change carbon into CO2.
B. A new carbon capture technology.
C. A new technology to get useful carbon.
D. Australia makes the world cleaner than before.
【答案】（1）C
（2）C
（3）B
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种新的碳捕获技术的原理，优点和对未来工业的影响。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第二段中的“Widespread usage of that technology has been locked by e conomic and environmental concerns due to possible leaks.”可知之前技术的广泛应用受到了经济和环境方面的限制。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“What makes this particularly unique is that the entire process can occur at room temperature.”可知新技术独特的地方是整个过程可以在室温条件下进行。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“whic h opens up a world of possibilities；it could potentially be used as a part in future vehicles和which could also have industrial applications”可知这种技术的产物开辟了很多新的可能，可以被变成超级电池为未来车辆供能，过程中的副产品可以作为燃料应用到工业中，由此推测该技术会对未来的工业产生巨大影响。故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Researchers i n Australia have discovered an effective new method to capture the atmospheric carbon dioxide ”和下文讲述的内容可知，本文主要介绍了一种新的碳捕获方法的原理和优点及其影响。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
2．阅读理解
In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest (珠穆朗玛). It was thought impossible. Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese—named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads—have shown the birds really fly so high. The team trained the youngsters to fly in a large wind tunnel wearing backpacks and face masks full of sensors that recorded their heart rate. blood oxygen levels, temperature, and metabolic rate—how many calories they burned per hour. The researchers simulated(模拟)10w-, medium-, and high-altitude conditions by altering the concentration of oxygen supplied to face masks worn by each goose as it flew in the tunnel.
Birds already have a better heart and lungs than mammals for sustained physical activity. And researchers knew that bar-headed geese have even larger, thinner lungs that let them breathe more deeply and an even bigger heart to pump more oxygen to muscles than other birds.
The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen was at its lowest-like the 7% found on top of Mount Everest versus 21% at sea level—the geese's heart rate and
frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped. Somehow, the birds managed to cool down their blood-the measured blood temperature dropped so it could take in more oxygen, the researchers report today in eLife. This cooling likely helps compensate for the very thin air, the team says.
Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less when wearing their backpacks and flying at 6ihigh" altitudes. So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest.（1）Why did the researchers raise 19 bar-headed geese and train them?
A. To test the flying height and speed of them.
B. To confirm they could fly over Mount Everest.
C. To observe them flying through the wind tunnel.
D. To see how many calories they burned per hour.
（2）What can we learn from the wind tunnel experiment?
A. It was carried out at very high altitude.
B. The geese managed to breathe less when their blood decreased.
C. The geese could live through the lowest concentration of oxygen.
D. It shows the geese could fly at high altitude for long.
（3）What still puzzles scientists about the geese?
A. Whether they have super hearts and lungs.
B. Whether they have muscles pumped more oxygen to.
C. Whether they are willing to wear backpacks and face masks.
D. Whether they can manage to fly 8 hours to climb over Mount Everest.
（4）Where does the text most probably come from?
A. A science fiction.
B. A climbing guide.
C. A travel brochure.
D. A science report.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰，为了确认其真实性，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"In 1953, a mountain climber reported seeing a bar-headed goose soar over the peak of Mount Everest. It was thought impossible." 报道说，一名登山者看到一只斑头鹅飞过珠穆朗玛峰。人们认为这是不可能的；以及" Now researchers who raised 19 of the geese-named for the black stripes on the backs of their heads-have shown the birds really fly so high."现在研究人员饲养了这种鹅，他们发现这些鹅真的飞得很高。再根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest. But those few minutes showed these geese really could fly over the top of Mount Everest."但是否能让这种鹅飞8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰尚
不清楚。由此可推断出研究人员饲养这种鹅是为了证实这种鹅是否能飞过珠峰。故选B。（2）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的"The wind tunnel experiments showed that when the concentration of oxygen ...the geese's heart rate and frequency of wing beats remained the same even as their metabolic rate dropped....the researchers report today in elife. This cooling likely helps comp"可知风洞实验表明，当氧气浓度最低时，鹅的心率和翅膀搏动频率保持不变，即使它们的新陈代谢率下降。研究人员今天在《伊利费》杂志上报道说，...这种降温可能有助于补偿空气的稀薄；第五段中的"Although well trained, the birds were only willing to stay in the air a few minutes-or less ..." 尽管训练有素，但这些鸟只愿意在空中呆上几分钟。这两处综合推断出，鹅可以在最低浓度的氧气中生存。故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的"So it's not clear whether these adaptations alone are what make it possible to fly the 8 hours it takes to climb over Mount Everest." 可知，目前尚不清楚的是，只有这些适应性变化能否可以飞行8小时爬上珠穆朗玛峰。故选D。
（4）考查推理判断。第一段中提到登山者报告说看到一只长颈鹅翱翔在珠穆朗玛峰的顶峰。为了证实是否可能，研究人员养了18只这种鹅，并在大型风洞中训练它们飞行。结果发现这种鹅可以在氧气极低的情况下飞行，但停留时间只有几分钟，因此能否飞过珠峰尚不明确。由此可知本文属于科普文章。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行分逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
If you love eating and drinking for free and are looking to make some pocket money, there's a job in China with your name on it. A new type of online service allows people to hire others to eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite without the calories that usually come with it.
Chinese media recently reported on an increasingly popular service on online platform Taobao that's as startling as it is appealing. People can now go online and hire others to consume certain foods and drinks, and ask them to provide video evidence of them eating or drinking the said treats.
Fees usually range from two to nine yuan ($0.30 - $1.35) plus the cost of the food. It's not exactly a get-rich-quick job, but there are quite a rot of people willing to do it for the free treats alone.
"Bubble tea drinking" is a particularly popular service, as the chewy tapioca(木薯粉)balls and popping drink is all the rage in Asia these days, but there are also ads from people willing to eat fried chicken or hot pot for anyone willing to pay for them.
Advertised as being "fat-free" and "free of queues" those who pay for the service will receive the full experience, which includes a 360-degree video of the drink, photos, and a detailed description. Prices of the service are based on the drink's sweetness level, its price, and popularity. Some clients even require a short written review to be sure that the person they hired actually does what they are supposed to.
Sellers explained that most customers buy their "Bubble tea drinking" service maybe because
they're trying to shake off desires while they're on a diet. Drinking bubble tea by proxy may help customers avoid high blood pressure, high blood sugar, and other health problems that the sugar-laden drink may cause.
So why would anyone pay a total stranger to enjoy a treat rather than consume it themselves? Well, apparently, the online service is so cheap that some people simply do it out of boredom, while others get satisfaction from watching others indulge in their favorite treats.
This indulging-by-proxy service(代享受服务)has received a lot of attention on social media in China, with some people describing it as the job of their dreams.
（1）What kind of people may buy the new type of online service?
A. Those who are boring.
B. Those who are trying to lose weight.
C. Those who love eating and drinking for free.
D. Those who are looking to make some pocket money.
（2）Which is the reason for many people being willing to be hired for the new job?
A. That they can make a fortune.
B. That the foods and drinks are cheap.
C. That they can consume the treats for free.
D. That they can realize their dreams.
（3）Why does the author mention "bubble tea drinking" in Paragraph 4?
A. To prove that the new type of service online is popular.
B. To list an example of the new type of service online
C. To show bubble tea is greatly welcome in Asia.
D. To promote the new type of service online.
（4）What is the main idea of the passage?
A. Indulging-by-proxy service online helps lose weight.
B. Boredom leads to indulging-by-proxy service online.
C. People hold different opinions on indulging-by-proxy service online.
D. Indulging-by-proxy service online is getting increasingly popular.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了一种代享受服务在中国的社交媒体上引起了很多关注，网上代享受服务越来越受欢迎。
（1）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的“A new type of online service allows people to hire others to eat or drink their favorite treats, either to cure their boredom or satisfy their appetite without the calories that usually come with it.”一种新型的在线服务允许人们雇佣他人来吃或喝他们最喜欢的食物，既可以治愈他们的无聊，也可以满足他们的胃口，而不需要那些通常伴随而来的卡路里。可知，那些试图减肥的人可能会购买这种新型的在线服务，故选B。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“It's not exactly a get-rich-quick job, but there are quite a rot of people willing to do it for the free treats alone.”这并不是一个快速致富的工作，但有相
当一部分人愿意为了免费的款待而去做。可知，许多人愿意接受这份新工作的原因是他们可以免费享用美食，故选C。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“Bubble tea drinking" is a particularly popular service, as the chewy tapioca(木薯粉)balls and popping drink is all the rage in Asia these days, but there are also ads from people willing to eat fried chicken or hot pot for anyone willing to pay for them.““泡茶喝”是一项特别受欢迎的服务，因为这种耐嚼的木薯球和弹出式饮料最近在亚洲风靡一时，但是也有一些广告是关于愿意吃炸鸡或火锅的人的。由此推断出，作者在第四段中提到“泡茶喝”是举出了一个新的网上服务的例子，故选B。
（4）考查主旨大意。最后一段”This indulging-by-proxy service（代享受服务）has received a lot of attention on social media in China, with some people describing it as the job of their dreams.“这种代享受服务在中国的社交媒体上引起了很多关注，一些人把它描述为他们梦想中的工作，是全文的主题句，结合全文内容，可知这篇文章主要讲了网上代享受服务越来越受欢迎，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇社会现象类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
4．阅读理解
For many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a long war, but years go by without any clear winner. Like a border conflict between neighboring countries, the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?
Both sides want peace, but neither feels it has any power to stop the conflict. In part, this is because neither is willing to admit any responsibility for starting it. From the parents' point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents' complete unreasonableness. And of course, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except oppositely. Both feel trapped.
In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap. The first no-win situation is quarrel on unimportant things. Examples include the color of the teen's hair, the cleanness of the bedroom, the preferred style of clothing, the child's failure to eat a good breakfast before school, or his tendency to sleep until noon on the weekends. Second, blaming. The goal of a blaming battle is to make the other admit that his bad attitude is the reason why everything goes wrong. Third, needing to be right. It doesn't matter what the topic is—politics, the laws of physics, or the proper way to break an egg—the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong, for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something—and therefore to command respect. Unfortunately, as long as parents and teens continue to assume that they know more than the other, they'll continue to fight these battles forever and never make any real progress.
（1）Why does the author compare the parent teen war to a border conflict?
A. Both can continue for generations.
B. Both are about where to draw the line.
C. Neither has any clear winner.
D. Neither can be put to an end.
（2）What does the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?
A.The teens blame their parents for starting the conflict.
B.The teens agree with their parents on the cause of the conflict.
C.The teens accuse their parents of misleading them.
D.The teens tend to have a full understanding of their parents.
（3）Parents and teens want to be right because they want to__________.
A.give orders to the other
B.know more than the other
C.gain respect from the other
D.get the other to behave properly
（4）What will the author most probably discuss in the paragraph that follows?
A.Causes for the parent-teen conflicts
B.Examples of the parent-teen war
C.Solutions to the parent-teen problems
D.Future of the parent-teen relationship
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，对于父母来说，抚养一个十几岁的孩子就像是打一场持久战，但是是一场没有赢家的持久战。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Like a border conflict between neighboring countries ,the parent-teen war is about boundaries: Where is the line between what I control and what you do?”可知和邻国之间的边界纷争一样，两代人之间的战争是关于界限的：我所能控制的和你所做的之间的界限。选B。
（2）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“From the parents' point of view, the only cause of their fight is their adolescents' complete unreasonablene ss.”可知，从父母的观点来看，他们之间斗争的唯一原因就是他们的青春期的孩子的完全不讲道理。划线句子意为:青少年也正好是同样的方式看待的，只是正好相反的，也就是在孩子们看来，斗争的原因完全是他们的父母蛮不讲理。选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“Third , needing to be right ,It doesn't matter what the topic is –politics. The laws of physics ,or the proper way to break an egg –the point of these arguments is to prove that you are right and the other person is wrong , for both wish to be considered an authority—someone who actually knows something —and therefore to command respect”可知，他们争论的话题是什么不重要，重要的是他们要证明自己是对的，而对方是不对的，从而赢得尊重。选C。
（4）考查推理判断。根据由最后一段中的“In this article, I'll describe three no-win situations that commonly arise between teens and parents and then suggest some ways out of the trap.”可知，在这篇文章中，作者将描述三种通常会引起青少年和父母之间斗争的情形，然后提出几种解决的方法。最后一段介绍了三种情形，所以接下来讨论的该是解决的方法了。选
C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，句义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇教育类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
5．阅读理解
Imagine your body is like the house you live in. Every day, your family creates rubbish. The rubbish builds up until it is put out for the weekly garbage collection.
Now, say you put three bags of garbage out, but because one of the collectors was away sick, only two bags are collected. You take the leftover bag inside to be put out again next week. The following week you put out another three bags, plus the leftover bag from last week. But again, only two bags are collected. Imagine this cycle is repeated over the following weeks.
This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾) don't work efficiently. Your body is not thoroughly emptied of waste products. Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.
It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developing any symptoms. There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(诊察) difficult.
Kidney's main job is to remove toxins (毒素) and unwanted water from our blood. Every day our kidneys clean an average of 200 litres of blood. Kidney failure may be a gradual and silent process, going unnoticed because there is no apparent pain.
Research shows that more than 25 percent of patients found to require dialysis (透析) do not see a kidney specialist until less than 90 days before dialysis starts. Some risk factors for kidney disease such as age and genetic make-up are out of our control; however, some changes in lifestyle may help prevent kidney damage. Two major risk factors for kidney disease, diabetes and high blood pressure, have been on the rise over the last few decades. Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the disease.
（1）The author gives the example of the house we live in to indicate that ________.
A. it's safe and harmless for our body to keep some waste
B. it doesn't matter much if the waste in our body is not emptied in time
C. it's important for our body to empty the waste in time every day
D. our body will not produce any waste if our kidneys work efficiently
（2）The underlined word "insidious" (in Paragraph 3) means ________.
A. gradual and unnoticed
B. apparent and fast
C. smooth and safe
D. painful and long
（3）We can infer that when we find some symptoms related to our kidneys, ________.
A. the kidney failure begins
B. the kidneys may have been seriously damaged
C. we have lost about 10 percent of kidney function
D. the kidneys can still work properly
（4）How many factors of kidney disease are mentioned in the passage?
A. Three.
B. Four.
C. Five.
D. Six.
（5）Which of the following helps prevent kidney damage?
A. Go to see a kidney specialist shortly before dialysis starts.
B. Go to see a kidney specialist whenever you find any warning sign.
C. Try to keep low blood pressure and a stable lifestyle.
D. Take enough exercise and make early detection of kidney disease.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了肾脏出现问题的原因，以及巨大危害，分析了肾脏问题出现的重要因素，并指出如何预防肾病。
（1）考查推理判断。根据一二段的内容，以及第三段中的“This is a simple description of what happens to your body when your kidneys (肾) don't work efficiently.”可推断，作者列举家庭处理垃圾情况的主要目的是让我们明白身体和家一样需要及时处理垃圾，不然对身体有害。故选C。
（2）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“Other areas of the body such as blood pressure and red blood cell production are affected and the insidious process that may lead to kidney failure begins.”和第四段中的“There may be no warning signs.”可知，肾功能的变化是由身体其它变化引起的，是一个渐变的过程，而且这个变化没有任何警示，故推测划线词的意思是“逐渐的/慢慢的，无法察觉的”。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“It's not uncommon for people to lose up to 90 percent of their kidney function before developi ng any symptoms. There may be no warning signs.”可知，90%的症状在被确诊之前是看不出来的，而且没有任何的预警，故推测当人们发现肾病症状时，肾可能已经严重受损。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"age and genetic make-up, diabetes and high blood pressure, overweight and not getting enough exercise,"衰老，基因组成，糖尿病，高血压，超重和不运动,可知，这六项都是导致肾病的原因。故选D。
（5）考查推理判断。根据第四段中的“There may be no warning signs. This makes early detection(诊察) difficult.” 和第六段中的“Both conditions are chiefly affected by being overweight and not getting enough exercise, which are the potential factors for the diseas e.”可推测，早期诊察，做足够的锻炼可以预防肾损伤。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇医学类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。
6．阅读理解
I visited Elba last June, joining Mary and John on a bicycling vacation. They made the arrangements for the car, hotel and bicycles. I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.
Napoleon (now I know) picked Elba as a place for peace when he was forced to give up the throne (王权) as Emperor of France in 1814. Far from being a prison island, Elba is beautiful with towering mountains, thick forests and sweeping bays and beaches.
It is also an island filled with treasure. Very early on this island, locals discovered rich deposits of iron. Soon outsiders, too, discovered the iron and 150 other valuable minerals on this little piece of land. Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island. The Romans ruled next, obtaining the minerals and building grand houses overlooking the sea. From the twelfth century until the nineteenth, the island was traded back and forth and was passed to France in 1802. Then came Napoleon, the new ruler of Elba.
I was eager to visit his house in Portoferraio. The Emperor lived with his court and his mother, but his wife, Marie Louise had ensconced herself in the splendid Viennese palace of her father, Emperor of Austria. She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom. Apparently, Napoleon wasn't troubled much by this. He was too busy riding everywhere on horseback, building roads, modernizing agriculture and, above all, sharpening his tiny army and navy into readiness for his escape.
In the formal gardens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts. He might gaze over where I stood now, toward the lighthouse of the Stella fort, the sandy bay, and across it, the green mountains of the Tuscan coast. Napoleon spent only ten months here before making his victorious return to France and the throne.
（1）What did the author do for the visit to Elba?
A. He did research on its past.
B. He arranged transportation.
C. He planned bicycling routes.
D. He booked accommodation.
（2）Who might be the earliest outsiders to Elba according to the text?
A. Napoleon and his army.
B. Etruscans and other Greeks.
C. Dorians.
D. Romans.（3）What does the underlined word "ensconced" probably mean?
A.Settled.
B.Locked.
C.Cured.
D.Controlled.
（4）What came to the author's mind during his visit to Napoleon's gardens?
A.Beautiful views on Elba.
B.Terrible living conditions on Elba.
C.Napoleon's ambition to regain power.
D.Hardship of Napoleon's return to France.
【答案】（1）A
（2）C
（3）A
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，作者讲述了对拿破仑曾经流放地Elba岛的参观之旅，作者介绍了Elba岛的历史背景与拿破仑在岛上的生活事迹。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“I studied the history of the island, which of course particularly features Napoleon.”可知作者为了Elba的此次拜访对它过去的历史做了一些学习和研究，故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Long before Etruscans and other Greeks set foot on it, Dorians had moved in by the tenth century B. C. and were mining the island.”可知早在伊特鲁里亚人和其他希腊人踏足该岛之前，多里安人在公元前10世纪就已迁入该岛，并在岛上采矿。故Dorians可能是最早到Elba的外来者，故选C。
（3）考查词义猜测。根据第三段中的“She lived safely there and showed little interest in visiting her husband in his mini-kingdom.”可知Marie Louise住在Viennese很安全，对去她丈夫的小王国探视毫无兴趣。live对应上文的ensconce，意思为“定居；安置”，故选A。（4）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“In the formal gar dens behind the house it seemed to me that I could imagine the exiled (流放的) conqueror's anxious thoughts.”可知在房子后面的花园里，作者仿佛能想象出那个被流放的征服者的焦虑的思想。即作者在参观拿破仑的花园时想到了拿破仑对重新掌权的野心。故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，而选出正确答案。
7．阅读理解
Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. The holes at the top of Bic biro pens are there so that, if you swallow one accidentally, you can still breathe and won't choke to death. It's debatable whether that last one there is common knowledge or not. A quick Google search of the fact, rewritten as a question, shows articles addressing this point going back several years, with the latest (re)appearing just this week over on ScienceAlert. We suppose it's one of those things that come up from time to time, like what would happen if you attack Yellowstone with a nuclear weapon (not much, as it turns out).
If you jump over to Bic's website, under their FAQs (frequently asked questions), it quite clearly states: "The reason that some BIC? pens have a hole in their cap is to prevent the cap from completely obstructing the airway if accidentally breathed in. This is requested by the international safety standards ISO11540, except for in cases where the cap is considered too large to be a choking risk."
That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers, we thought we'd share a few more random facts about Bic that are probably going to come up in a pub quiz one day. Did you know, for example, that each Bic ballpoint pen can produce at least 2 kilometers (1.2 miles) of ink before it begins to run out? In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel
pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard.
The best part of the Bic site, however, is this rather curious fact: "100 percent of pen balls are made through a highly-controlled process." As opposed to a highly uncontrolled process, involving explosions and bouncy castles and total chaos, we suppose.
（1）Why does the author mention the case of Yellowstone?
A. To list the facts.
B. To prove his point.
C. To compare the two situations.
D. To emphasize the importance of safety.
（2）What does the underlined word "obstructing" in paragraph 2 mean?
A. Block.
B. Open.
C. Transform.
D. Narrow.
（3）Why were the writing tests on pens carried out?
A. To work out their lifespan.
B. To assure their good quality.
C. To prove some random facts.
D. To compare different pens with each other.（4）In what tone does the author develop the text?
A. Critical.
B. Acid.
C. Humorous.
D. Serious.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，毕克笔的笔帽上有一个小孔是为了防止那些粗心的使用者不小心吞下而窒息死亡。这真是粗心使用者的生命通道。
（1）考查推理判断。毕克笔的笔帽上留一个小孔的原因，且这个问题会被偶尔问到，就像如果你用核武器攻击黄石公园会发生什么事这个问题一样，作者是在举例证明他的观点，故选B。
（2）考查词义猜测。此处意为当使用者不慎把笔帽吞下时，笔帽上的小孔就是为了阻止笔帽完全阻塞气管而引起窒息，故选A。
（3）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的"In fact, in 2018, 7,250 kilometers (4,505 miles) of writing tests on such pens were carried out on ballpoint pens, gel pens(中性笔), and rollers to make sure they worked to the highest standard."可知，举行书写测试的目的是为了确保笔能够达到最高的标准，故选B。
（4）考查推理判断。根据第一段中的"Some things should just be common knowledge by now. The Earth isn't flat. Nope, your hair and nails don't grow after you die. "和第三段中的"That's rather lovely of them. In appreciation of their want to not kill off their more clumsy customers"等作者的行文措辞可知，作者笔调轻松幽默，故选C。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇科普类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
8．阅读理解
It was just before 8 a.m. on October 17, 2010.She'd checked the higher summits forecast posted by the Mount Washington Observatory before she left. Based on her experience, Bales knew that her hike was realistic. Besides, she had two plans and extra layers of clothing to better
regulate her temperature as conditions changed.
At 10:30 a.m., the weather was showing its teeth. Bales added even more layers, including a jacket to protect herself from the cold winds and heavy fog. She made her way across the snow—covered ridge toward Mount Washington and began to think about calling it a day. Then she noticed something: a single set of footprints in the snow ahead of her. She'd been following faint tracks all day and hadn't given them much thought, because so many people climbed Jewell Trail. But these, she realized, had been made by a pair of sneakers. She silently scolded the absent hiker for breaking normal safety rules and walked on.
Now she felt genuinely alarmed. She was sure the hiker could not navigate(找到方向)in the low visibility and was heading straight toward the challenging trails of the Great Gulf Wilderness. Bales stood there, shocked. The temperature and clouds were in a race to find their lowest point, and darkness was mere hours away. If Bales continued to follow the tracks, she'd add risk and time to the route she'd already adjusted to manage both. But she could not let this go. She turned to the left and called out, "Hello!" into the frozen fog.
Bales wouldn't get an answer until a week later, when the president of her rescue group received a letter in the mail. It read: "I hope this reaches the right group of rescuers. I want to remain anonymous(匿名的), but I was called John. On Sunday, October 17, I went up my favorite trail, Jewell, to end my life. Weather was to be bad. Thought no one else would be there. I was dressed to go quickly. Next thing I knew this lady was talking to me, changing my clothes, giving me food, making me warmer."
（1）What does the underlined sentence mean?
A.The weather began to get worse.
B.Nobody controlled the weather.
C.Weather could never be predicted.
D.Weather was generally changeable.
（2）Why did Bales feel really frightened?
A.Because she lost her way completely.
B.Because the terrible weather was on the way.
C.Because she was blinded by the frozen fog.
D.Because she was convinced that someone was in trouble.
（3）What is the purpose of John's hiking?
A.To challenge his limit.
B.To go up his favorite trail.
C.To donate some money to rescue group.
D.To kill himself without being discovered.
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，贝尔斯在天气恶劣时去登山，无意发现一串往危险区域行进的脚印，她知道有人陷入了困境。尽管很害怕，尽管天气情况很糟糕，她还是跟着脚印继续前进，最终救了那个人。一周后才知道那人名叫约翰，当时准备自杀。
（1）考查句义猜测。根据第二段中的“Bales added even more layers, including a jacket to protect herself from the cold winds and heavy fog.可知贝尔斯增加更多的衣服来保护自己免受寒风和浓雾的侵袭，由此推断划线部分的意思是“天气正在变得更糟”。故选A。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“Now she felt genuinely alarmed. She was sure the hiker could not navigate(找到方向)in the low visibility and was heading straight toward the challenging trails of the Great Gulf Wilderness.“可知贝尔斯看到脚印后非常害怕，因为她知道有人无法导航，这个人正在向海湾区域前进，那是最具挑战性的线路，即贝尔斯确信有人遇上麻烦了，所以她感到害怕。故选D。
（3）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的”On Sunday, October 17, I went up my favorite trail, Jewell, to end my life. Weather was to be bad. Thought no one else would be there. I was dressed to go quickly.”可知，约翰这天选择这条线路去登山的目的是在没人看见的情况下结束自己的生命，所以他穿的很少，以便快速行走。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和句义猜测两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文进行推理，归纳，从而选出正确答案。
9．阅读理解
Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch. We should have arrived at Liverpool at 9:19, but due to a typical London fog, the train had to move along so slowly that it was not until 10:30 that it got there. In spite of our late arrival, Joan, my wife's sister, decided that she would go to see the Crown Jewels in the Tower of London while we went shopping. It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem. There seemed to be nothing we could do except taking a taxi to the Tower of London, and try to find her there. Needless to say, we didn't find her.
It was now one o'clock, and the concert began at 2:30. "Perhaps she will think of waiting outside the concert hall," suggested my wife hopefully. By this time the fog was so thick that road traffic had to stop, and the only way to get there was by underground railway. Hand in hand we felt our way along the road to where we thought the nearest station should be. An hour later we were still trying to find it. Just as I was about to lose my temper completely when we met a blind man tapping his way confidently through the fog. With his help we found Tower Hill tube station just fifty yards down the road.
By now it was far too late even to try to get to the concert hall before the performance began at 2:30, so we decided to return to Cambridge. It took seven long hours instead of the usual two to make that journey. Nor were we able to get any food and drink on the train. Tired and hungry we finally reached home at ten, opening the door to the sound of the telephone bell. It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night. Now she was ringing to discover whether we had had an equally successful day.
（1）Why was Joan separated from her sister and her brother-in-law?
A. they could not see each other because of the fog.
B. Joan had not seen Crown Jewels.
C. They planned to do different things until lunch time.
D. The writer didn't want to go to the concert.
（2）What did the writer plan to do in the afternoon?
A. Go to the concert.
B. See the Crown Jewels.
C. Return to Cambridge.
D. Go shopping.
（3）The reason why they didn't all meet for lunch was that _______.
A. They lost their way in the fog
B. they forgot to make necessary arrangement
C. they waited at different places and didn't meet each other
D. the couple couldn't find the underground station
（4）It's quite clear that for Joan the trip to London had been ________.
A. spilt by the fog
B. quite tiring
C. rather disappointing
D. very enjoyable
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了作者一伙人到伦敦游玩的故事。由于安排不当，导致当天的活动很是混乱。
（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Our plan was to drive into Cambridge, catch the 7:34 train to Liverpool Street Station, then to separate and meet again for lunch”可知，他们分开的原因在于他们决定各自做自己的事情，然后中午午餐时相聚。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的“Since I had our three tickets for the concert in my pocket, this was indeed a problem”，可知作者计划去听音乐会。故选A。
（3）细节理解。根据第一段中的“It was only after her sister had disappeared into the fog that my wife realized that we hadn't decided where we should meet for lunch. ”可知此前他们并没有做好安排。故导致午饭时没能聚到一起。故选B。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的“It was Joan; she had seen the Crown Jewels, had managed to get another ticket for concert, and had had a wonderful dinner at a restaurant near the hotel where she decided to stay for the night”可知Joan玩得很尽兴。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
10．阅读理解
Your teenage best friend could be good for your long-term mental health, according to a new study published in the journal Child Development According to the findings, teenagers aged 15 to 16 who had a close friendship rather than a larger group of friends they were less close to had a greater sense of self-worth by the time they were 25 years old. Those people with a very close best friend were also less likely to experience depression and social anxiety, the study found. "Close friendship strength in mid-adolescence predicted relative increases in self-worth and
decreases in anxiety and depressive symptoms by early adulthood, "the authors, led by Rachel K, Narr, a postdoctoral student focused on clinical psychology at the University of Virginia, wrote.
A past research has suggested that adolescent friendships are important. Friendships during the teenage years predict academic success and improved mental health. But the new research further explores the type of friendships teenagers have. "My hunch(预感)was that close friendships compared to broader friendship groups and popularity may not function the same way," Narr told Quartz. "Being successful in one is not the same as being successful in the other." Many study participants did not continue to have a close relationship with their high-school best friend, leading the researchers to wonder what exactly was responsible for the mental health benefits. They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.
And as the researchers point out, those skills are not necessarily brought to bear in the world of social media. "As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority," study co-author Joseph Allen said in a statement.
（1）What is the benefit of having a close teenage friendship?
A. Excellent performance in high school.
B. A larger group of friends.
C. Mental health by early adulthood.
D. A large social network in the future.
（2）What can we learn about the past research?
A. It attached great significance to adolescent friendships.
B. It was totally different from the new research.
C. It helped improve teenagers' mental health.
D. It compared broader friendship groups with popularity.
（3）What did the researchers think might lead to the mental health benefits?
A. Not continuing to have a close relationship.
B. Having a best friend in high school.
C. Understanding the world of social media.
D. Knowing how to build a close friendship （4）What did the researcher Joseph suggest?
A. Learning to use social media.
B. Broadening your social circle.
C. Improving the skills of making friends.
D. Concentrating on high-quality relationship.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，研究发现，那些有非常亲密的好朋友的人也不太可能经历抑郁和社交焦虑。与过去的研究认为友谊很重要相比，这项新研究进一步探索了青少年之间的友谊类型。研究人员发现知道如何建立亲密的友谊可能比友谊本身更重要。（1）考查细节理解。根据第一段中的”Your teena ge best friend could be good for your long-term mental health，according to a new study published in the journal Child Development.“根据发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的一项新研究，你十几岁时最好的朋友可能对你的长期心理健康有好处。可知，青少年亲密的友谊对精神健康有益。故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的”A past research has suggested that a dolescent
friendships are important.“过去的一项研究表明，青少年间的友谊很重要，可知，过去的研究非常重视青少年间的友谊。故选A。
（3）考查推理判断。根据倒数第二段中的”They suspected that the skills and ability to build such a friendship may be more important than the friendship itself.“他们怀疑建立这种友谊的技巧和能力可能比友谊本身更重要，可知，研究人员认为知道如何建立亲密的友谊会带来心理健康益处。故选D。
（4）考查细节理解。根据最后一段中的"‘As technology makes it increasingly easy to build a social network of shallow friends, focusing time and attention on developing close connections with a few individuals should be a priority,’study co-auth or Joseph Allen said in a statement.”研究报告的撰写者之一Joseph Allen在一份声明中说:“随着科技的发展，建立浅层次朋友的社交网络变得越来越容易，因此，把时间和精力集中在与少数人建立密切联系上应该是优先考虑的事情。”可知，研究人员Joseph Allen建议把时间和精力集中在于一些人发展亲密关系是应该是重中之重，即发展高质量的友谊。故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇科研类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。
11．阅读理解
Plastic sludge(污泥)and garbage is a disaster for the world's oceans. A film crew traveled the globe to document the rubbish. And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. “Half of the waste actually sinks to the bottom, and that remains on the surface actually breaks down. ”
The filmmakers found rubbish in ocean gyres, the circulating currents that trap large concentrations of pollution in the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacifc Oceans, home of what some have plastic. What we found was a plastic smog that spread throughout all the water. And in some parts of the oceans, scientists have found more plastic than plant. ”
The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain, sometimes visibly, and more so at the microscopic level, where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. “There are heavy metals, medicines, industrial waste in the sea, while it acts like magnets(磁铁). These poisonous substances absorb on the plastic, and then when seafood absorbs the plastics, those poisonous substances enter the fatty tissues. ”To be consumed by other sea life and by people at last. China, Indonesia, the Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam are the worst plastic polluters. The United States, although a leader in recycling, is one of the world's 20 since it produces and consumes so much plastic. There are efforts around the world to address the problem, including at this newly opened recycling center in Lebanon(黎巴嫩). But Andersen says there is more that people can do. “Cut back on single-use plastics, straws, plastic cups, plastic water bottles, plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials.” She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival.
（1）What can we learn from the passage?
A. There's all island full of plastic rubbish in the Pacific.
B. The bad effect of plastic pollution can't be seen by eyes.
C. The United States is the least plastic polluters.
D. The plastic pollution to oceans is more serious than what we can see.
（2）What does the underlined word “it” refer to in paragraph 3?
A. Pollutants like heavy metals and medicines.
B. The plastic particles.
C. Seafood.
D. Fatty tissues.
（3）What can be inferred from the last paragraph?
A. All Asian countries have the most serious problem of plastic pollution.
B. The plastic problem hasn't attracted the world's attention.
C. Andersen is not satisfied with what has been done to solve the plastic problem,
D. People should stop using plastic products immediately.
（4）Which may be the title of the passage?
A. Plastic pollution in the World.
B. Plastic pollution—Oceans'Disaster.
C. Ways to solve the problem of plastic pollution to oceans.
D. Plastic pollution and our health.
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要讲述了塑料污染对海洋导致的影响。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段第三句：And Julie Andersen of the Plastic Oceans Foundation says what we see is just the tip of the problem. 可知，塑料海洋基金会的朱莉·安德森说，我们看到的只是问题的冰山一角。故可推测塑料对海洋的污染比我们所看到的更严重，故选D。
（2）词义猜测题。根据The pieces of the plastic garbage infect the food chain，sometimes visibly，and more so at the microscopic level，where the plastic particles interact with other pollutants. "There are heavy metals，medicines，industrial waste in the sea，while it acts like magnets（磁铁）. 可知，塑料垃圾碎片在微观层面感染食物链，有时是明显的，塑料颗粒与其他污染物相互作用. 海洋中有重金属，药物，工业废物，使其像磁铁一样. it指代的是塑料颗粒。故选B。
（3）推理判断题。根据But Andersen says there is more that people can do. "Cut back on single-use plastics，straws，plastic cups，plastic water bottles，plastic bags and find alternatives like reusable materials. "She says healthy oceans are essential to our survival. 可知，安德森说人们还可以做更多事情来预防污染，可推测出安德森对于目前解决塑料问题所做的工作不满意。故选C。
（4）主旨大意题。阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了塑料污染海洋灾害。故选B。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上
下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
12．阅读理解
A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important. These experiences affect the development of the brain. When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs. Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain. There are a hundred trillion(万亿)connections in the brain of a three-year-old child.
Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns. Her researchers produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns. For example, one order was mu-ba-ba. This is the pattern"A-B-B". Another order was mu-ba-ge. This is the pattern “A-B-C”. The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns. They also were sensitive to where it occurred in the order. Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar." Position is key to language," she says. "If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”
Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development. They carried out a study of nine-month-old American babies. They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face-to-face with the same sounds. Instead they found a huge difference. The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners. But the other babies－regardless of whether they had watched the video or listened to the audio－learned nothing.
（1）What makes connections in a baby's brain?
A. Having a higher IQ.
B. Experiencing new information.
C. The baby' early age.
D. The connection with other babies.
（2）What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment?
A. Babies identify different sound patterns.
B. Word order is relevant to meaning.
C. Babies can well understand different words.
D. A certain brain region processes language.
（3）What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3?
A. Grammar is important in learning languages.
B. Different orders have different meanings.
C. Different languages have different grammar.
D. Words have different sounds.
（4）What is the main conclusion from the study led by Patricia Kuhl?
A. Babies shouldn't watch a lot of television.
B. Listening to different languages develops babies' brain.
C. Foreign languages help babies' brain develop.
D. Social communication improves babies' brain development.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文属于科普文章，介绍小孩最初几年的经历对大脑发育很重要，而媒介输入对孩子大脑发育效果不明显，最有效的是面对面语言输入。
（1）细节理解题。根据第一段Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿接收到不同信息，可以让大脑不同部分形成连接，故选B。
（2）推理判断题。根据第二段The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the" A-B-B" pattern. This shows that babies can tell the difference between different patterns.可知，实验表明婴儿可以区别不同的声音模式，故选A。
（3）句意猜测题。根据第三段"If something is at the beginning or at the end, it makes a big difference: 'John caught the bear.' is very different from 'The bear caught John.'”可知，有些东西放在句首和句尾，会有很大的不同，比如John抓住了熊，和熊抓住了John，意思是不一样的，可知本句意思为位置对于语言来说很重要的，顺序不同，意思不同，故选B。
（4）推理判断题。根据最后一段Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audio books, the Internet, or smartphones－no matter how educational－doesn't appear to be enough for children's brain development.可知，通过电视、网络等媒介的语言教学，对于婴儿大脑发展是不够的，并且后面的实验表明，面对面的语言输入才有效，故选D。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和句意猜测三个题型的考查，是一篇说明类阅读，要求考生先从问题中抓住关键性词语（题眼），然后以此为线索，运用略读及查读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与此问题相关的：段落、语句，仔细品味，同时根据上下文进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。
13．阅读理解
During this shopping season, salesmen will come up with different strategies to get your business. Many product companies use specific colors to cause positive emotions and compete for a sale. However, sight is not the only sensory (感官的) retail that companies use. Sounds and smells can also influence consumers' purchasing decisions.
Nobel Prize-winning research shows that our sense of smell has great power to cause an emotional response. A study published earlier this year compared purchasing in a French flower