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根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用

根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用
根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用

根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。

1. 主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。如:

It’s getting cold. 天冷起来了。

Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。

The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。

2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。如:

Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。

We have finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。

3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如:

Be careful! 小心!

He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。

His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。

4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。如:

He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。

She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。

5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如:

He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。

I’ve never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。

I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。

6. 定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如:

It’s an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。

Do you have time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?

Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?

7. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如:

We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。

Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。

She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。

United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存,分裂则亡。

8. 同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。如:

This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。

We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。

9. 独立成分:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如:

He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。

Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了。

英语单词及句子

英语单词及句子

Module 1 兄弟 中国人;汉语;堂兄弟;表兄中国的,中国表姐妹;堂姐从;来,来自女儿 在哪里,去哪家,家庭 年龄;年父亲,爸爸 关于(外)祖父…怎么样?(外)祖母 女士母亲,妈妈 美国;美洲姐;妹 美国的;美国儿子 不,不是,没叔叔;伯伯;英格兰姑爷;姨父 美国人;美洲照片,相片 我们的这些 年级他们,她们,他(主语)妈妈 中国左边,左侧 大家;每人左边的,左侧首都;省会在左边,在左但是,然而爸爸 很,非常右边,右侧 大的右边的,右侧城市在右边,在右小的谁 第一(位)的,成年女子;妇先;首先紧挨着,紧靠名字紧接下来地,最后的,最末在……旁边,最后,最未丈夫 姓前面;正面 每个,全体在……的前面Module 2 那些 姨母;伯母;公共汽车 婶母;舅母站;车站

医院真正地;非常;饭店;宾馆许多,很多 警察多少 剧院大量;许多(男)演员任何一个;一司机,驾驶员世界 经理树(木) 护士建筑物 男警察大厅;会堂 我们饭厅;饭堂 一(个,大门 工作图书馆在……;办公室 相同的,同一操场 医生科学;科学课农场实验室 工人在……后面 男人在……之间 商店:中间;中央 它的靠近;接近 他(她它)们与……在一Module 3 为,为了 计算机;电脑房间;室;屋家具(总称)Moudle 4 地图食物;食品 图片;照片饮料 电视;电视机喝 墙糖果 三十水果 四十肉 五十蔬菜 六十苹果 七十豆 八十牛肉 九十胡萝卜

鸡肉糖 巧克力吃 加啡小孩,儿童 可乐对……有帮助果汁甜的 牛奶对……有害的马铃薯,土豆正确的,对的茶蛋;鸡蛋 西红柿,番茄眼睛 水奶酪 逛商店;购物牙齿 去买东西;去一点儿;少许有;吃,喝稍微;有点儿得到劳累的 有;拥有汤 若干;一些;重要的 一些,某些记住;想起 许多的,大量好地 太多保持;停留 种类肥胖的 哪种发胖 各种各样的或者 大量;许多早饭 因此;所以每个,每一……好午饭 Have的第三人家;家庭 坏的,不好的晚饭;正餐 健康的香蕉 美味的Module 5 面包一半 鱼肉;鱼晚于,过(几汉堡包……点钟 冰激凌(距整点时面条美术;艺术米;米饭地理

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