Accepted Manuscript
Effects of Y2O3 on the property of copper based contact materials
Zhen Mu, Hao-Ran Geng, Meng-Meng Li, Guang-Lin Nie, Jin-Feng Leng
PII:S1359-8368(13)00091-7
DOI:https://www.doczj.com/doc/a318886547.html,/10.1016/https://www.doczj.com/doc/a318886547.html,positesb.2013.02.036
Reference:JCOMB 2271
To appear in:Composites: Part B
Received Date:27 September 2012
Revised Date:19 January 2013
Accepted Date:26 February 2013
Please cite this article as: Mu, Z., Geng, H-R., Li, M-M., Nie, G-L., Leng, J-F., Effects of Y2O3 on the property of copper based contact materials, Composites: Part B (2013), doi: https://www.doczj.com/doc/a318886547.html,/10.1016/https://www.doczj.com/doc/a318886547.html,positesb. 2013.02.036
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Effects of Y2O3 on the property of copper based contact materials Zhen Mu, Hao-Ran Geng1, Meng-Meng Li, Guang-Lin Nie, Jin-Feng Leng Abstract
The copper based electric contact materials with multicomponent substance were obtained by powder metallurgy. The hardness and density of the samples increase with adding proper amount of Y2O3. Adding 1.5 wt. % Y2O3the hardness of the sample reaches the maximum and the density of sample reaches the maximum by adding 2 wt. % Y2O3. In this paper, the effects of addition of Y2O3 on the performance of copper based contact materials were studied by metallographic microscope, XRD, SEM in details. Moreover, the mechanism of the effects was discussed. Keywords：A.Metal-matrix composites; B.Electrical properties; D.Optical microscopy Physical methods of analysis; E. Sintering;
1. Introduction
Electric contact materials are used in electric switches which switch on and off the current, therefore the performances of those materials have important effects on the running stability and service life of instruments [1,2]. Opening or breaking a contact pair switching system usually results in an arc being drawn between the contact pair. Due to electric arc energy, the surface of contact material would come up warming, melting, vaporizing, splashing and solidifying etc. metallurgy process. Therefore contact materials not only need excellent electric contact properties, but also excellent mechanical properties and chemical stability. At present, electrical contact materials used in switching devices are commonly made from silver alloys because of the properties of minimizing contact welding and arc erosion during operation [3-7]. But silver is very expensive and is very difficult to be recycled from the contact materials, so developing a new material which does not contain silver is very desirable. The electrical conductivity and thermal conductivity of copper are similar to those of silver and the resource of copper is abundant, so copper can become the substitute of sliver[8]. Cu-based contact material is often applied to vacuum breaker or high voltage normally closed switch. Copper tends to be oxidized and the oxidized derivative is nonconductive. If copper is used for contact material, its oxidized derivatives will cause the contact resistance to rise sharply, and then the arc erosion become serious and the lifetime get shorten when the switch is operated. Based on the performance requirement of contact materials, this paper developed a new high-performance copper based contact material by powder metallurgy. Y2O3 was used as the dispersion-strengthening phase of the copper alloy owning to the good wettability between the liquid copper and Y2O3phase and the good chemical stability[9]. The effects of Y2O3 on the performances of copper based materials were 1Tel:86-0531-********
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65 studied in this paper.
2.Experiment
In these experiments, copper powder (degree of purity: 99.7%) is used for matrix materials. B4C is used as the antifriction component. Bi is used as the arc extinction component. Tab. 1 shows the particle size of copper powders. Experiments adopt 700MPa pressure making into green bodies. The sinter temperature is about 960℃; holding time 2h[10-13].
The particle size of copper was measured by Beckman Coulter LS 13 320. Hardness was measured by brinell hardness tester. The crystal structures of samples were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD, D8-ADV ANCE, Germany) wi th Cu Kα radiation. The microstructure morphology was characterized by the EVOMA 10 scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The electric conductivity test was carried out with four-electrode system. The test of arc erosion adopts the self-designed arc erosion test system; this system can provide 30A to 60 A resistance alternating current; Density is measured by buoyancy method.
3 results and discussion
3.1 powder morphology
Fig. 1 shows the morphology of the copper powder. From Fig. 1, it can be seen that most copper powders are ball-shaped. The particle sizes of most Y2O3 powders are under 5 μm, irregular shape and some powders have deep cracks (Fig. 2). Because of its special structure, Y2O3 particles have larger surface area.
3.2 Effects of Y2O3 on the structure of samples
Fig.3 shows that Y2O3 powders are evenly distributed in copper substrate. From Fig.4 we can find that the spectral line of the sample containing Y2O3 shifts towards right compared to that of the sample without Y2O3. In general, the skewing of spectral line is caused by lattice distortion. Thus it is not difficult to find that adding Y2O3 causes lattice distortion of copper. Fig. 5 shows the metallographic structure of the samples, from which it is found that the crystallite dimension reduces as the amount of Y2O3 increases. The reason of grain refining by adding Y2O3is that addition of Y2O3arouse lattice distortion and that the larger yttrium atoms enter into copper lattices making the system energy increase. In order to maintain a minimum free energy, yttrium atoms gather to the grain boundaries. When the samples are sintered, yttrium atoms hinder the copper grain from growing freely in certain extent. Thus adding Y2O3makes copper grain refine. The decrease of the grain size makes the Y2O3 more evenly distribute in the grain boundaries of copper.
3.3 Effect of Y2O3 on hardness and density of contact materials
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According to Fig.6, the densities of contact materials increase from 8.01g/cm3 to 8.34g/cm3 as the additive amount of Y2O3 increases from 0 to 1.5%, but the densities of contact materials will decline with the further increase of Y2O3. Y2O3 has the lubrication action, which can increase the liquidity of the powder when the powder is pressed. When low amount is added, Y2O3 can increase the density of the material. However, excess of Y2O3will cause too much of Y2O3distribute in the grain boundaries and result in the decrease of the density of the contact materials
With the additive amount of Y2O3increasing from 0 to 2.0 wt. %, the hardness of samples increases from 35.5HB to 42.9HB. Addition of Y2O3will increase the densities of contact materials, which would result in the decline of the hole number in materials and the increase of the hardness of the samples. And also addition of Y2O3 will refine the grains of the matrix, which will result in the increase of the hardness of material because of the effect of fine-grain strengthening. But too much Y2O3 would cause the conductivity and hardness of the sample decline.
3.4 Effects of Y2O3 on the conductivity of contact materials
Fig. 7 shows that the conductivity of samples decreases with addition of Y2O3. This is because that the resistivity of Y2O3 is huge and Y2O3 distribute in grain boundaries. Therefore, there should be a limit in the adding amount of Y2O3. From Fig. 7, it can be found that there is small reduction in the conductivity of the samples. The IACS of the blank sample is 55.2%, and the IACS of the sample adding 2.5wt. % Y2O3is 37.8%.
3.5Arc erosion tests
The control contact material used in common contactor is silver-plated copper-nickel alloy, and the thickness of silver-plating layer is about 100um. A resistive load with 54 V DC 40 A was used in the arc erosion tests. The contactor closes 26 times per minute and the total closing times is 20000 for every pair of contact materials. Fig. 8 shows that active contacts and one static contact adopt the same silver-plated copper-nickel alloy materials, another static contact adopt new sample. Fig. 9 shows that after arc erosion tests the mass loss of new samples is much lower than those of control contact materials. So, we conclude that the new samples have a better property of arc-resistance than the control samples. When the additive amount of Y2O3 is more than 1.5 wt%, the property of arc-resistance can be further improved. This is because that arc would arise when the switch is opened or closed. The arc makes matrix melt partially and form local molten pools. Y2O3 has high temperature stability and good wettability with copper melt [6], so adding Y2O3 into copper molten pool can reduce the fluidity of copper melt, which would reduce the spatter of copper melt when the contactor is used. The reduction of the fluidity and spatter of the copper melt is the sign of the improvement of the arc-resistance performance of contact material. At the same time, the effect of Y2O3 on grain
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65 refinement makes Y2O3 more evenly distributed in the grain boundary of copper.
According to the additive amount of Y2O3, we numbered the samples from 1 to 6. The samples 1’-6’are control samples. The control samples all adopt the same materials, namely, silver-plated copper-nickel alloy.
From Tab. 2, it is found that the contact resistances of new samples keep stable and small after conducting 20000 times arc erosion tests, but the contact resistances of control samples increase dramatically.
4. Conclusions
(1) The copper based electric contact materials containing multicomponent substance are produced by powder metallurgy. The hardness and density of the samples increase with the addition of the proper amount of Y2O3. The hardness of sample reaches the maximum when 1.5 wt. % Y2O3 is added，and the density of the sample reaches the maximum by adding 2 wt. % Y2O3.
(2) Adding proper amount of Y2O3is beneficial to hinder copper grain from growing. Owing to grain refinement, Y2O3 can distribute more evenly in the matrix and the electric properties of the samples are improved.
(3) The properties of arc-resistance of samples containing Y2O3are far better than control samples (silver-plated copper-nickel alloy). The contact resistances of new samples still keep lower value after 20000 times arc erosion tests.
(4) The conductivity of materials will reduce after Y2O3 is added to the samples.
References
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[2] Stanley A, etc. ASM Handbook. In: Peter WL, editor. Powder metal technologies and applications. 1997.p.1020-30.
[3] Meng FB, Lu JG, Zhu YQ, Lu NY, Chen ZC, Huang QT. Failure characteristics of Ag-SnO2 contact material in AC level. Rare Metals. 2008; 27(1):18-21.
[4] Du ZJ, Yang TZ, Gu YY, Qiu XY, Dou AC. Preparation of silver tin oxide powders by hydrothermal reduction and crystallization. Rare Metals. 2007; 26(3):470-6.
[5] Swingler J, Sumption A. Arc erosion of AgSnO2 electrical contacts at different stages of a break operation. Rare Metals. 2010;29:248-54.
[6] Kang S, Breeher C. Cracking mechanisms in Ag-SnO2 contact materials and their role in the erosion process. In: Proceedings of the Thirty Fourth Meeting of the IEEE Holm Conference. San Francisco, Sep, 1988. p.37-46.
[7] Xu AB, Wang YP, Ding BJ. Preparation and arc erosion characteristics of new type of Ag-SnO2 alloys. Chinese Journal of Materials Research. 2003;17(2):156-8.
[8] Shao WZ, Cui YS, Yang DZ.The development and current status of electrical contact materials. Electrical Engineering Materials. 1999;1:11-35.
[9] Yang XH, Fan ZK, Liang SH, Xiao P. E?ects of Y2O3 on properties of Cu-W electrical contact
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[13] Lenel FV. Powder Metallurgy Principle and Applications. Princeton New Jersey: MetalPowder Indu Fed, 1980. p. 222-64.
Tab.1. Particle size of copper powder Mean: 46.46um
Median: 44.99um
Fig. 2. SEM photos of Y2O3
Fig. 3. Distribution of Y
Fig. 4. X-ray diffraction result of samples content Y2O3 and non-content Y2O3
Fig. 5. Metallographic organization of samples containing Y2O3
(a) 0.0%，(b) 0.5%，(c) 1.0% ，(d) 1.5% ，(e) 2.0% ，(f) 2.5% ，(wt%)
Fig. 6. Effects of Y2O3 on hardness and density of contact materials
Fig. 7. Effects of Y2O3 on the conductivity of contact materials
Fig. 8. Sketch of arc erosion tests
Fig.9. Mass loss of samples after 20000 times arc erosion
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高中英语~词性~句子成分~语法构成 第一章节：英语句子中的词性 1.名词：n. 名词是指事物的名称，在句子中主要作主语.宾语.表语.同位语。 2.形容词;adj. 形容词是指对名词进行修饰~限定~描述~的成份，主要作定语.表语.。形容词在汉语中是（的）.其标志是: ous. Al .ful .ive。. 3.动词：vt. 动词是指主语发出的一个动作，一般用来作谓语。 4.副词：adv. 副词是指表示动作发生的地点. 时间. 条件. 方式. 原因. 目的. 结果.伴随让步. 一般用来修饰动词. 形容词。副词在汉语中是（地）.其标志是：ly。 5.代词：pron. 代词是指用来代替名词的词，名词所能担任的作用，代词也同样.代词主要用来作主语. 宾语. 表语. 同位语。 6.介词：prep.介词是指表示动词和名次关系的词，例如：in on at of about with for to。其特征：
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M A: Has the case been closed yet? B: No, the magistrate still needs to decide the outcome. magistrate n.地方行政官，地方法官，治安官 A: I am unable to read the small print in the book. B: It seems you need to magnify it. magnify vt.１．放大，扩大；２．夸大，夸张 A: That was a terrible storm. B: Indeed, but it is too early to determine the magnitude of the damage. magnitude n.１．重要性，重大；２．巨大，广大 A: A young fair maiden like you shouldn’t be single. B: That is because I am a young fair independent maiden. maiden n.少女，年轻姑娘，未婚女子 a.首次的，初次的 A: You look majestic sitting on that high chair. B: Yes, I am pretending to be the king! majestic a.雄伟的，壮丽的，庄严的，高贵的 A: Please cook me dinner now. B: Yes, your majesty, I’m at your service. majesty n.１．［Ｍ－］陛下（对帝王，王后的尊称）；２．雄伟，壮丽，庄严 A: Doctor, I traveled to Africa and I think I caught malaria. B: Did you take any medicine as a precaution? malaria n.疟疾 A: I hate you! B: Why are you so full of malice? malice n.恶意，怨恨 A: I’m afraid that the test results have come back and your lump is malignant. B: That means it’s serious, doesn’t it, doctor? malignant a.１．恶性的，致命的；２．恶意的，恶毒的 A: I’m going shopping in the mall this afternoon, want to join me? B: No, thanks, I have plans already. mall n.（由许多商店组成的）购物中心 A: That child looks very unhealthy. B: Yes, he does not have enough to eat. He is suffering from malnutrition.
意见应以事实为根据. 3 来自辞典例句 192. The bombers swooped ( down ) onthe air base. 轰炸机 突袭 空军基地. 来自辞典例句 193. He mounted their engines on a rubber base. 他把他们的发动机装在一个橡胶垫座上. 14 来自辞典例句 194. The column stands on a narrow base. 柱子竖立在狭窄的地基上. 14 来自辞典例句 195. When one stretched it, it looked like grey flakes on the carvas base. 你要是把它摊直, 看上去就象好一些灰色的粉片落在帆布底子上. 18 来自辞典例句 196. Economic growth and human well - being depend on the natural resource base that supports all living systems. 经济增长和人类的福利依赖于支持所有生命系统的自然资源. 12 1 来自辞典例句 197. The base was just a smudge onthe untouched hundred - mile coast of Manila Bay. 那基地只是马尼拉湾一百英里长安然无恙的海岸线上一个硝烟滚滚的污点. 6 来自辞典例句 198. You can't base an operation on the presumption that miracles are going to happen. 你不能把行动计划建筑在可能出现奇迹的假想基础上.
英语造句大全English sentence 在句子中，更好的记忆单词！ 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character. （2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n.
主语+谓语 1. 理解主谓结构 1) The students arrived. The students arrived at the park. 2) They are listening. They are listening to the music. 3) The disaster happened. 2．体会状语的位置 1) Tom always works hard. 2) Sometimes I go to the park at weekends.. 3) The girl cries very often. 4) We seldom come here. The disaster happened to the poor family. 3. 多个状语的排列次序 1) He works. 2) He works hard. 3) He always works hard. 4) He always works hard in the company. 5) He always works hard in the company recently. 6) He always works hard in the company recently because he wants to get promoted. 4. 写作常用不及物动词 1. ache My head aches. I’m aching all over. 2. agree agree with sb. about sth. agree to do sth. 3. apologize to sb. for sth. 4. appear (at the meeting, on the screen) 5. arrive at / in 6. belong to 7. chat with sb. about sth. 8. come (to …) 9. cry 10. dance 11. depend on /upon 12. die 13. fall 14. go to … 15. graduate from 16. … happen 17. laugh 18. listen to... 19. live 20. rise 21. sit 22. smile 23. swim 24. stay (at home / in a hotel) 25. work 26. wait for 汉译英： 1.昨天我去了电影院。 2.我能用英语跟外国人自由交谈。 3.晚上7点我们到达了机场。 4.暑假就要到了。 5.现在很多老人独自居住。 6.老师同意了。 7.刚才发生了一场车祸。 8.课上我们应该认真听讲。9. 我们的态度很重要。 10. 能否成功取决于你的态度。 11. 能取得多大进步取决于你付出多少努力。 12. 这个木桶能盛多少水取决于最短的一块板子的长度。
【it's time to和it's time for】 ——————这其实是一个句型,只不过后面要跟不同的东西. ——————It's time to跟的是不定式（to do）.也就是说,要跟一个动词,意思是“到做某事的时候了”.如： It's time to go home. It's time to tell him the truth. ——————It's time for 跟的是名词.也就是说,不能跟动词.如： It's time for lunch.(没必要说It's time to have lunch) It's time for class.(没必要说It's time to begin the class.) They can't wait to see you Please ask liming to study tonight. Please ask liming not to play computer games tonight. Don’t make/let me to smoke I can hear/see you dance at the stage You had better go to bed early. You had better not watch tv It’s better to go to bed early It’s best to run in the morning I am enjoy running with music. With 表伴随听音乐 I already finish studying You should keep working. You should keep on studying English Keep calm and carry on 保持冷静继续前行二战开始前英国皇家政府制造的海报名字 I have to go on studying I feel like I am flying I have to stop playing computer games and stop to go home now I forget/remember to finish my homework. I forget/remember cleaning the classroom We keep/percent/stop him from eating more chips I prefer orange to apple I prefer to walk rather than run I used to sing when I was young What’s wrong with you There have nothing to do with you I am so busy studying You are too young to na?ve I am so tired that I have to go to bed early
《The Kite Runner》追风筝的人--------------------------------美句摘抄 1.I can still see Hassan up on that tree, sunlight flickering through the leaves on his almost perfectly round face, a face like a Chinese doll chiseled from hardwood: his flat, broad nose and slanting, narrow eyes like bamboo leaves, eyes that looked, depending on the light, gold, green even sapphire 翻译：我依然能记得哈桑坐在树上的样子，阳光穿过叶子，照着他那浑圆的脸庞。他的脸很像木头刻成的中国娃娃，鼻子大而扁平，双眼眯斜如同竹叶，在不同光线下会显现出金色、绿色，甚至是宝石蓝。 E.g.: A shadow of disquiet flickering over his face. 2.Never told that the mirror, like shooting walnuts at the neighbor's dog, was always my idea. 翻译：从来不提镜子、用胡桃射狗其实都是我的鬼主意。E.g.:His secret died with him, for he never told anyone. 3.We would sit across from each other on a pair of high
一、翻译 1. The idea of consciously seeking out a special title was new to me., but not without appeal. 让我自己挑选自己最喜欢的书籍这个有意思的想法真的对我具有吸引力。 2.I was plunged into the aching tragedy of the Holocaust, the extraordinary clash of good, represented by the one decent man, and evil. 我陷入到大屠杀悲剧的痛苦之中，一个体面的人所代表的善与恶的猛烈冲击之中。 3.I was astonished by the the great power a novel could contain. I lacked the vocabulary to translate my feelings into words. 我被这部小说所包含的巨大能量感到震惊。我无法用语言来表达我的感情（心情）。 4，make sth. long to short长话短说 5.I learned that summer that reading was not the innocent(简单的) pastime(消遣) I have assumed it to be., not a breezy, instantly forgettable escape in the hammock(吊床)，( though I’ ve enjoyed many of those too ). I discovered that a book, if it arrives at the right moment, in the proper season, will change the course of all that follows. 那年夏天，我懂得了读书不是我认为的简单的娱乐消遣，也不只是躺在吊床上，一阵风吹过就忘记的消遣。我发现如果在适宜的时间、合适的季节读一本书的话，他将能改变一个人以后的人生道路。 二、词组造句 1. on purpose 特意，故意 This is especially true here, and it was ~. (这一点在这里尤其准确，并且他是故意的) 2.think up 虚构，编造，想出 She has thought up a good idea. 她想出了一个好的主意。 His story was thought up. 他的故事是编出来的。 3. in the meantime 与此同时 助记：in advance 事前in the meantime 与此同时in place 适当地... In the meantime, what can you do? 在这期间您能做什么呢？ In the meantime, we may not know how it works, but we know that it works. 在此期间，我们不知道它是如何工作的，但我们知道，它的确在发挥作用。 4.as though 好像，仿佛 It sounds as though you enjoyed Great wall. 这听起来好像你喜欢长城。 5. plunge into 使陷入 He plunged the room into darkness by switching off the light. 他把灯一关，房
The effective sentences:(improve the sentences!) 1.She hopes to spend this holiday either in Shanghai or in Suzhou. 2.Showing/to show sincerity and to keep/keeping promises are the basic requirements of a real friend. 3.I want to know the space of this house and when it was built. I want to know how big this house is and when it was built. I want to know the space of this house and the building time of the house. 4.In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and taught English. In the past ten years,Mr.Smith has been a waiter,a tour guide,and an English teacher. 5.They are sweeping the floor wearing masks. They are sweeping the floor by wearing masks. wearing masks,They are sweeping the floor. 6.the drivers are told to drive carefully on the radio. the drivers are told on the radio to drive carefully 7.I almost spent two hours on this exercises. I spent almost two hours on this exercises. 8.Checking carefully,a serious mistake was found in the design. Checking carefully,I found a serious mistake in the design.
M1 U1 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： add up (to) be concerned about go through set down a series of on purpose in order to according to get along with fall in love (with) join in have got to hide away face to face 1 We’ve chatted online for some time but we have never met ___________. 2 It is nearly 11 o’clock yet he is not back. His mother ____________ him. 3 The Lius ___________ hard times before liberation. 4 ____________ get a good mark I worked very hard before the exam. 5 I think the window was broken ___________ by someone. 6 You should ___________ the language points on the blackboard. They are useful. 7 They met at Tom’s party and later on ____________ with each other. 8 You can find ____________ English reading materials in the school library. 9 I am easy to be with and _____________my classmates pretty well. 10 They __________ in a small village so that they might not be found. 11 Which of the following statements is not right ____________ the above passage? 12 It’s getting dark. I ___________ be off now. 13 More than 1,000 workers ___________ the general strike last week. 14 All her earnings _____________ about 3,000 yuan per month. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.go through 2. no longer/ not… any longer 3. on purpose 4. calm… down 5. happen to 6. set down 7. wonder if 三. 翻译： 1.曾经有段时间，我对学习丧失了兴趣。（there was a time when…） 2. 这是我第一次和她交流。（It is/was the first time that …注意时态） 3.他昨天公园里遇到的是他的一个老朋友。（强调句） 4. 他是在知道真相之后才意识到错怪女儿了。（强调句） M 1 U 2 一. 把下列短语填入每个句子的空白处（注意所填短语的形式变化）： play a …role (in) because of come up such as even if play a …part (in) 1 Dujiangyan(都江堰) is still ___________in irrigation(灌溉) today. 2 That question ___________ at yesterday’s meeting. 3 Karl Marx could speak a few foreign languages, _________Russian and English. 4 You must ask for leave first __________ you have something very important. 5 The media _________ major ________ in influencing people’s opinion s. 6 _________ years of hard work she looked like a woman in her fifties. 二.用以下短语造句： 1.make (good/full) use of 2. play a(n) important role in 3. even if 4. believe it or not 5. such as 6. because of
English sentence 1、(1)、able adj. 能 句子：We are able to live under the sea in the future. (2)、ability n. 能力 句子：Most school care for children of different abilities. (3)、enable v. 使。。。能 句子：This pass enables me to travel half-price on trains. 2、(1)、accurate adj. 精确的 句子：We must have the accurate calculation. (2)、accurately adv. 精确地 句子：His calculation is accurately. 3、(1)、act v. 扮演 句子：He act the interesting character.（2）、actor n. 演员 句子：He was a famous actor. (3)、actress n. 女演员 句子：She was a famous actress. (4)、active adj. 积极的 句子：He is an active boy. 4、add v. 加 句子：He adds a little sugar in the milk. 5、advantage n. 优势 句子：His advantage is fight. 6、age 年龄n. 句子：His age is 15. 7、amusing 娱人的adj. 句子：This story is amusing. 8、angry 生气的adj. 句子：He is angry. 9、America 美国n. 句子：He is in America. 10、appear 出现v. He appears in this place. 11. artist 艺术家n. He is an artist. 12. attract 吸引 He attracts the dog. 13. Australia 澳大利亚 He is in Australia. 14.base 基地 She is in the base now. 15.basket 篮子 His basket is nice. 16.beautiful 美丽的 She is very beautiful. 17.begin 开始 He begins writing. 18.black 黑色的 He is black. 19.bright 明亮的 His eyes are bright. 20.good 好的 He is good at basketball. 21.British 英国人 He is British. 22.building 建造物 The building is highest in this city 23.busy 忙的 He is busy now. 24.calculate 计算 He calculates this test well. 25.Canada 加拿大 He borns in Canada. 26.care 照顾 He cared she yesterday. 27.certain 无疑的 They are certain to succeed. 28.change 改变 He changes the system. 29.chemical 化学药品