下载文档原格式
英语写作培训资料一英语写作常用短语：1、用于句首提出问题或现象的句型Nowadays,it is common to hear/see……2、用于阐述不同的观点的常用句型Although more and more people come to believe...,there are still others who insist that...3、用于陈述个人观点/想法的常用句型In my opinion of view,both sides are partly right in that...;My opinion of view is that...4、条理性的关联词to start with,next,in addition除此之外,另外,finally5、表示原因的句型The reasons for this are as follows,...6、用于结尾的句型Therefore,it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that...7、用于书信的常用句型I am very cheerful to you with reference参考to I would be grateful感激if you could/would... I look forward to hearing from you6 .表文章结构顺序：First of all,Firstly/First,Secondly/Second… And then,Finally,In the end,At last7. 表并列补充关系的：What is more,Besides,Moreover,Furthermore,In addition8 .表转折对比关系的：However,On the contrary,but Although+clause 从句,In spite of+n/doing On the one hand…On the other hand… Some…,while others…9 .表因果关系的：Because,As So,Thus,Therefore,As a result10 .表换一种方式表达：In other words11 .表进行举例说明：For example,句子; For instance,句子; such as+n./doing12 .表陈述事实：In fact13. 表达自己观点：As far as I know,In my opinion14. 表总结：In short,In a word,In conclusion,In summary常用状语从句句型：1时间when,not…until,as soon as 2目的so that+clause从句; to do 为了3结果so…that+clause,too…to do太……以至于…… 4条件if,unless除非,as long as只要5让步though,although,even though,even if no matter what/when/where/who/which/how 6比较as…as…,not so…as…,thanon the contrary. 相反的一面one hand ... the other hand 一方面,另一方面; .. % of studentshold the opioion that... 百分之几的学生持.......样的观点; As we know... 众所周知开头好用As far as I'm concerned that... 我所想的是.....用于提出自己的观点What‘s worse,更糟糕的是....用于对情况的进一步陈述What’s more,而且;更多考验信息参考：二常用重点短语单词the elderly and the family老人和家庭respecting the old and loving the young尊老爱幼population and family planning人口与计划生育population density人口密度densely/sparsely populated人口稠密/稀少aging of population人口老龄化family planning计划生育to practice family planning实行计划生育to curb population growth控制人口增长environment protection环境保护to protect rare animals and plants保护珍稀动物和植物wild animal/wild life野生动物renewable/non-renewable resource可更新/不可更新资源ecological balance生态平衡ecosystem生态系统natural reserve自然保护区environmental pollution环境污染integrated control of environmental pollution环境污染综合防治afforestation植树造林foreign policies对外政策open vast vistas开辟广阔的前景to seek common grounds while reserving differences求同存异教育体制改革The reform of education al system社会的发展The development of the society 科学science十二个月份：一月：January 二月：February 三月：March 四月：April 五月：May 六月：June 七月：July 八月：August 九月：September 十月：October 十一月：November 十二月：Decemberhundred 百thousand 千Million 百万billion 十亿更多考验信息来源：三英语写作重点句式归纳：1 I am writing to inforn you of…我写信是为了告诉你;;2 I find it inappropriate for me to.. 我发现我不适合做;;3 First and foremost…in addition 首先也是最重要的;;;,另外;;;4 Please let me know if there is anything I need to do..请告诉我如果这里有什么需要我帮助的;;;5 I am sorry for any inconvenience caused…对于可能造成的不便我表示深深的歉意6 I is no doubt that..,but....毫无疑问,但;;;;7 It is againstnature for us to ….做;;;是不符合天理的;8 The picture symbolically depicts …这幅图形象的描述了;;;9 It is sad to see…看到;;;让人感到很难过;;;10 The picture is thought-provoking,and what is illustrates is a common phenomenon in today’s society ;;;;这幅图非常发人深思,它说明了当今社会普遍存在的一个现象;;;11 My suggestions to deal with the problem are as follows:….对于处理这个问题我的建议如下：;;;;;;;;;;11 Let’s take…for example ..让我们拿;;;为例;;;12 There is no denying the fact that …毫无置疑;;;13 More and more people are realizing the importance of.. 越来越多的人意识到;;;的重要性14 I am inclined to the view that…我比较倾向于;;;15 It is not difficult to imagine that if……那并不难想象如果;;; 四英语写作小作文关于书信1、投诉信Dear ,①I am 自我介绍. ②I feel bad to trouble you but I am afraid thatI have to make a complaint投诉about.很抱歉的打扰您,但是我不得不投诉这件事情;③The reason for my dissatisfaction 不满意is 总体介绍.④In the first place, 抱怨的第一个方面. ⑤In addition, 抱怨的第二个方面. ⑥Under these circumstances状况, I find it 感觉 to 抱怨的方面给你带来的后果.⑦I appreciate感谢 it very much if you could 提出建议和请求, preferably更好的进一步的要求, and I would like to have this matter settled解决 by 设定解决事情最后期限. ⑧Thank you for your consideration and I will be looking forward to your reply.Y ours sincerely,Li Ming2、求职信Dear Sir or Madam,①I write this letter to apply for the position that you haveadvertised in 报纸名称of 广告发布时间.②Not only do I have the qualifications 能力for this job, but Ialso have the right personality性格 fora 工作名称. ③In the one hand, 第一个原因. ④On the other hand, 另一个原因.⑤Should you grant 同意me a personal interview面试, I would bemost grateful. ⑥If you need to know more about me, please feel freeto contact 联络me at any time at 电话号码.⑦Thank you for considering my application申请, and I am looking forward to meeting you.Yours sincerely,Li Ming3、建议信Dear ,①You have asked me for my advice with regard to , and I will tryto make some conductive有帮助的 suggestions here.②In my humble谦虚的 opinion, you would be wise 明智的to take the following actions: 建议的内容.③I hope you will find these proposals 建议方案useful, and I would be ready to discuss this matter with you to further details细节详情.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 4、请求信Dear ,①I am writing to formally 正式的request to 请求的内容.②The reason for is that 给出原因. ③I , so I 给出细节.④I would also like to request 提出进一步的要求. ⑤I am sorry for any inconvenience I have caused.⑥Thank you for your attention to these requests. ⑦If you have any questions, do not hesitate 犹豫to contact me at 电话号码. ⑧I look forward to a favorable 满意的reply.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 5、邀请信Dear ,①There will be a 内容 at/in 地点 on 时间. ②We would be honored 荣幸to have you there with us.③The occasion 宴会will start at 具体时间. ④This will be followed by a 进一步的安排. ⑤At around 时间, 另一个安排.⑥I really hope you can make it. ⑦RSVP before 通知你的最后期限.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 6、道歉信Dear ,①I am truly sorry that 道歉的原因.②The reason is that 介绍原因. ③Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. ④Hope you can accept my appologies and understand my situation.处境Yours sincerely,Li Ming 7、感谢信Dear ,①I am writing to extend 表达my sincere gratitude for 感谢的原因. ②If it had not been for your assistance帮助 in 对方给予的具体帮助, I fear担心害怕 that I would have been 没有对方帮助时的后果.③Every one agrees that it was you who 给出细节.④Again, I would like to express my warm thanks to you Please accept my gratitude.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 8、询问信Dear ,①I am 自我介绍. ②I am writing to see if it is possible for you to provide me with information regarding关于要询问的内容.③First of all, what are 第一个问题④Secondly, when will 第二个问题⑤Thirdly, is 第三个问题⑥I would also like to inquire询问将最重要的问题单独成段. ⑦Could you be so kind as to send me some relevant 有关booklets 宣传小册子on the above-mentioned提到 aspects观点⑧Thank you for you kindness, and your prompt及时attention to this letter will be highly appreciated感激赏识.Yours sincerely,Li Ming 9、推荐信求职/求学Dear ,①It affords me much pleasure to recommend介绍要推荐的人to you.②During his/her graduate years he/she was my . ③As his/her I found him/her 介绍与此人的关系.④His/Her performance 成绩in the school years was outstanding. ⑤First, he/she had been and showed great talents 天赋in . ⑥In addition, he/she has a very pleasant personality性格. ⑦He hasdeveloped a strong sense感觉 of , and working with him is always. ⑧I can state状况 that he/she has all the qualities品质 of being .介绍此人的能力⑨Therefore, I here recommend him/her to you with all my heart. ⑩Should you favor him/her with a position in your company/Should you accept him/her in your university I am sure that his/her future conduct 管理/academic大学 work will prove worthy of your confidence信任. I look forward to hearing from you at the earliest possible moment.Yours sincerely, Li Ming 10、祝贺信Dear ,①I have learned with delight高兴 that you 祝贺事由.②I would like to 给予 to you my utmost最大的 congratulations on . ③You must be . ④And I feel very happy for you.⑤所取得的成绩is quite exciting news ⑥I know this is surely owing to 被祝贺人过去的努力.⑦It is a 报答you richly deserve 应得的for your 被祝贺人的优点.⑧Kindly let me know when you 咨询对方何时有空.⑨I hope 表达自己的愿望.⑩My best wishes for your further success.Yours sincerely, Li Ming五重点复习理解记忆常用短语.常用句式重点英语作文写作技巧详细模板英语写作万能模板考研英语书信写作英语书信写作详细版,值得推荐经典写作范文;;;附：精彩小作文：A country with a large population, relative insufficiency of natural resources and expanding economy, China suffers an increasingly significant disparity between economic development on the one hand and natural resources and the environment on the other. It poses problems if we continue to maintain a merely quantitative and crud mode of development in our economic growth. We, therefore, must correctly handle the relationships between economic development on the hand, and population growth, natural resources consumption and environment protection on the other. We should exploit our natural resources more rationally and make us of them in an integrated manner. We should do our best to protect and improve our ecological environment, so as to ensure that our economic development will not only meet the current needs of this generation, but benefit future generations.翻译：我国人口众多,资源相对不足,经济规模越来越大;经济发展与资源和环境的矛盾日益突出,粗放型的经济增长方式难以为继;我们必须正确处理袄发展经济同人口、资源、环境的关系,合理利用资源;我们要努力保护和改善生态环境,使经济发展既满足当代人的需要,又造福与子孙后代;英语写作基本要求：字迹工整卷面整洁段落分明一定要按要求把字数写够,千万别空着不写;自己能写就写,不能写的话就按照记忆的常见短语,语法套用;。
mba英语翻译真题及答案解析MBA英语翻译真题及答案解析随着全球化的深入，MBA英语翻译作为商科考试的一部分变得越来越重要。
掌握好翻译技巧可以提高我们的分数，也能够在商业领域中更好地与国际同行交流。
本文将从MBA英语翻译的特点和要求开始，然后对一些常见的MBA英语翻译真题进行分析，并提供答案解析。
MBA英语翻译的特点和要求MBA英语翻译相较于一般的英语翻译有其独特的特点和要求。
首先，MBA英语翻译中的词汇和表达主要涉及商业和管理领域，需要掌握一定的商业词汇和专业术语。
其次，翻译的内容通常具有一定的难度和复杂性，需要我们具备较高的语言功底和逻辑思维能力。
最后，时间压力也是MBA英语翻译考试的一大特点，我们需要在有限的时间内高效地完成翻译任务。
MBA英语翻译真题及答案解析1. 题目：对公司在市场上的竞争优势进行翻译。
答案解析：对于这类题目，我们首先需要理解“竞争优势”和“市场”两个词的含义。
竞争优势可以翻译为"competitive advantage"，而市场可以翻译为"market"。
因此，正确的翻译应为"competitive advantage in the market"。
2. 题目：翻译以下句子："公司希望扩大在国际市场的份额。
"答案解析：这道题要求我们翻译一个比较复杂的句子。
首先，我们需要理解"公司"、"扩大"、"国际市场"和"份额"这几个词的含义。
"公司"可以翻译为"company"，"扩大"可以翻译为"expand"，"国际市场"可以翻译为"international market"，而"份额"可以翻译为"market share"。
MBA中的经典语句英语写作在英语考试中占的分值并不低，所以考生要努力争取最高的分数，考生在备考过程中可以背一些赞美的句子，可以提高文章的整体写作水平，以下为您总结了2012年MBA英语考试写作30个赞美句式：1. you look great today.（你今天看上去很棒。
）【每天都可以用！】2. you did a good job. （你干得非常好。
）【国际最通用的表扬！】3. were so proud of you.（我们十分为你骄傲。
）【最高级的表扬！】4. im very pleased with your work.（我对你的工作非常满意。
）【正式、真诚的赞扬！】5. this is really a nice place.（这真是个好地方！）【随口就说、但效果很好的表扬！】6. youre looking sharp!（你看上去真精神/真棒/真漂亮。
）【与众不同的表扬！】7. you always know the right thing to say. = 8. youre very eloquent.（你总是说话得体。
）【高层次的表扬！】9. nice going! = you did a good job.（干得好！）【极其地道的表扬！】10. the food is delicious.（好吃！）【最普通、但非常重要的表扬！】11. everything tastes great.（每样东西都很美味！）12. your son/daughter is so cute.（你的孩子很可爱。
）【外国人绝对喜欢听的表扬！】13. what an adorable baby!（多么可爱的孩子。
）【只管大胆用！】14. i admire your work.15. i respect your work.（我对你的工作表示敬意。
）【世界通用！】16. youve got a great personality.（你的个性很好。
MBA英语短语for good1.永久地，一劳永逸地同义词：permanently；反义词：temporarily；for good的英语解释：for a long time without essential changefor good的例句：1.You mentioned the need for good management.你提到了需要好的管理。
2.Investors on thursday will be looking for good news in two other areas of business:networking and services.投资者们都寄希望在周四能听到来自惠普其它两大业务——网络和服务的好消息。
3.American health care is changing,possibly for good.那就是美国的医疗保健也许永远将会改变下去。
4.Smith won for good reasons.史密斯有充分的理由获胜。
5.Create a standard for good decision making.建立一个良好决策的评估标准。
form of address1.称呼同义词：title，title of respect；form of address的英语解释：an identifying appellation signifying status or function:e.g.Mr.'or General'相关短语：a form of address n.称呼after the form of按照…的格式application form申请表assume the form of采取…形式,呈…形式common form通常的做法,惯例data form数据表单enrollment form登记表fill in a form填写表格,填表form a cabinet组阁form a queue排队,列队form of address的例句：1.A form of address for a married woman.对有地位的已婚女子的称呼。
2020年MBA考试高分英语短语1、申请信：优秀毕业生A-type graduates三好学生all-round students学术表现academic performance奖学金scholarship勤工助学项目work-study program发表论文publish papers参与科研engage in scientific research丰富的实习经历considerable internship experience 必修课required courses选修课electives职业前景career prospect年薪/月薪annual / monthly salary2、询问信：辅导班/课程remedial class/course限量版limited edition定制版商品custom products健身计划fitness program保持身材keep fit理财计划financial plan投资方案investment plan养家糊口support 感到郁闷/彷徨/焦虑feel depressed/upset/confused/anxious解决方案solution/remedy把握机遇seize opportunity养宠物rear pets创意originality精品旅行线路select itinerary3、感谢信及时的帮助timely help危难之际in an emergency/at the pinth举手之劳It is no bother慷慨解囊generosity雪中送炭send help in 燃眉之急 a matter of extreme emergency滴水之恩无以回报I/We have nothing to give you as a reward好客hospitality牺牲个人时间sacrifice personal time。
MBA英语翻译历年真题2007年参考答案2008-01-10 10:42:072007年翻译Section IV Transition (20 points)Directions：In this section there is a passage in English．Translate the passage into Chineseand with your translation on the ANSWER SHEET．Powering the great ongoing changes of our time is the rise of human creativity as thedefining feature of economic life．Creativity has come to be valued，because new technologies，new industries and new wealth flow from it．And as a result，our lives andSociety have begunto echo with creative ideas．It is our commitment to creativity in its varieddimensions thatforms the underlying spirit of our age．Creativity is essential to the way we live and work today，and in many senses always hasBeen. The big advances in standard of living--not to mention the bigcompetitive advantages inthe marketplace--always have come from“better recipes，not just morecooking．”One mightargue that’s not strictly true．One might point out，for instance，that during the long periodfrom the early days on the Industrial Revolution to modern times，much of the growth inproductivity and material wealth in the industrial nations came not just fromcreative inventions like the steam engine，but from the widespread application of“cooking in quantity”business methods like massive division of labor，concentration of assets，vertical integrationand economies of scale．But those methods themselves were creativedevelopments．推动当今社会巨大变化的动力是人类创造力的崛起。
MBA翻译重点词汇总结1经济类：按时付款honor a payment in due time补偿贸易compensation trade尝试性订购trial / try-out order撤消资本折旧率deregulation of capital depreciation rates出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones到岸加佣金价Cost , Insurance , Freight and Commission (C.I.F.C.) 全额退款 a full refund底盘floor offer定金down payment独家经销代理exclusive selling agency独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit (enterprise)对外商投资实行国民待遇grant national treatment to foreign investors分享权利与义务share rights and obligations取得丰厚的经济回报yield fat economic returns付款方式way of payment关税壁垒customs barrier ; tariff wall管理知识managerial expertise宏观经贸macroeconomics and trade互补互惠的合作关系complementary and mutual beneficial partnership 回佣return commission季节性折扣seasonal discount建立业务关系enter into business relations with进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进出口商品交易会Import and Export Commodities Fair进口渗透import penetration吸引外商直接投资attract foreign direct investment经营范围line / scope of business净利润net profit开/收盘价 opening / closing price可兑换货币convertible currency库存有限limited stock离岸加运费价Cost and Freight (C&F)加岸价Free On Board (F.O.B.)利润分配distribution in profits share零售价retail price批发价wholesale price贸易索赔business claim目的港船边交货价Free Over Side (F.O.S.)潜在市场potential market三资企业three kinds of foreign-invested enterprises or ventures 中外合资Sino-foreign joint ventures中外合作Sino-foreign cooperative businesses外商独资exclusively foreign-owned enterprises商业界business community实/虚盘 firm/non-firm offer实施市场多元化战略implement the strategy of market diversification使之受到法律和经济手段的制约get it under both legal and economic control受同一种规章制度的制约be subject to the same regulations or constraints 双边贸易 bilateral trade双赢战略 win-win strategy随行就市 be subject to market fluctuation缩小沿海地区与中西部地区的经济差距narrow the economic disparities between the coastal regions and the central and w estern provinces讨价还价bargain投资比重share of investment投资热the rising investment fever投资意向an investment proposal违约breach of the contract / agreement现/期货价 spot / forward price现货spot goods现金结算 cash settlement信用证结算 payment by letter of credit (L/C)形成一批有势力的跨国公司和知名品牌bring about a number of srtong multionational enterprises and brand names续约 extend the contract索赔 claim for a compensation稳妥的速度和规模 (at) a moderate rate and a safe scale易货贸易 barter trade有利可图 profitable / lucrative诱人的投资政策 attractive investment policies招标投标制 the system of public bidding for projects招商引资 attract / bid for / invite investments (from overseas )鉴于实际情况 in consideration of the actual conditions装运港船边交货价 Free Alongside Ship (F.A.S.)最大程度发挥双方优势 maximize the strengths of both parties经济组织Economic Organizations国际商会 International Chamber of Commerce国际海洋运输保险协会 International Union of Marine Insurance花旗银行 National City Bank of New York欧洲投资银行 European Intestment Bank (EIB)米兰银行 Midland Bank,Ltd.汇丰银行 Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation经济合作与开发组织 Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (D ECD)美中贸易全国理事会 National Council for US-China Trade日中经济协会 Japan-China Economic Association日本协力银行 Japan Bank For International Cooperation (JBIC)英国国际贸易促进委员会 British Countil for the Promotion of International Trade纽约证券交易所 New York Stock Exchange (NYSE)伦敦股票市场 London Stock Market欧洲经济共同体 European Economic Community (EEC) ; European Common M arket欧洲自由贸易联盟 European Free Trade Association (EFTA)欧洲集团 Eurogroup加勒比共同市场（加勒比自由贸易联盟）Caribbean Common Market (CCM)石油输出国组织 Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)英联邦特惠区 Commonwealth Preference Area中国人民银行People’s Bank of China中国银行 Bank of China国际复兴开发银行 International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBR D)世界银行 World Bank欧洲经济与货币同盟 European Economic and Monetary Union国际结算银行 Bank for International Settlements (BIS)中国国际贸易促进委员会 China Council for the Promotion of International Trade (CC PIT)亚太经济合作组织Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)APEC工商咨询理事会 APEC Business Advisory Council便利化，责任性，一致性，透明性和简单化facilitation , accountability , consistency , transparency and simplification单边行动计划 individual action plan地区能源合作工作组 Regional Energy Cooperation Working Group电子数据交换 electronic date interchange (EDI)东盟自由贸易区 ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟 Association of South-East Asian Nations (ASEAN)非关税措施 non-tariff measures海洋资源保护 marine resource conservation集体行动计划 collective action plans加速关税自由化 accelerated tariff liberalization可持续发展经济区域性一体化regional integration for sustainable economies劳动和社会保障 labor and social protection劳动市场信息 labor market information贸易促进工作组 Trade Promotion Working Group贸易投资委员会 Committee on Trade and Investment贸易投资自由化和便利化 trade and investment liberalization and facilitation名人小组 Eminent Persons Group平等互利，协商一致，求同存异，自主自愿equality and mutual benefit , reaching consensus through consultation , seeking co mmon grounds while putting aside differences , initiative and free will南太平洋地区经济贸易合作协定South Pacific Regional Trade Economic Cooperation Agreement人口和经济持续增长对粮食，能源，和环境的冲击impact of expanding population and economic growth on food , energy and the env ironment人力资源开发human resources development太平洋经济合作理事会Pacific Economic Cooperation Council投资专家组Investment Experts’ Group互相承认 mutual recognition协调的单边行动 concerted unilateral action信息技术协定 Information Technology Agreement行政和预算委员会 Budget and Administrative Committee亚太工商网 Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太经合组织部长会议 APEC Ministerial Meeting亚太经合组织工商咨询理事会会议APEC Business Advisory Council Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经合组织领导人非正式会议Informal Meeting of APEC Leaders亚太经合组织商业论坛 APEC Business Forum亚太经济社会理事会 Economic and Social Commission for Asia and Pacific Regio n亚太旅游协会 Pacific Asia Travel Association亚太能源中心 Asia-Pacific Energy Research Center亚太中小型企业技术交流与培训中心APEC Center for Technology and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises与贸易有关的知识产权协定Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property争端调解专家组Dispute Mediation Experts’ Group政府采购 government procurement世界贸易组织World Trade Organization (WTO)《北美自由贸易协定》 North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)北美自由贸易区 North American Free Trade Area布雷顿森林体系 Bretton Woods System常设机构 standing body垂直兼并 vertical merger东部和南部非洲共同市场 Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMES A)反倾销措施 anti-dumping measures反补贴税 countervailing duty交叉报复 cross retaliation海关完税价值 customs values环保型技术 environmentally-sound technology (EST)出口实绩 export performance出口补贴 export subsidy灰色区域措施 gray area measuresWTO最不发达国家高级别会议WTO High-level Meeting for LDCs非配额产品 quota-free products非生产性投资 investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management / assessment国际收支平衡 balance of international payments非洲，加勒比和太平洋国家集团（洛美协定）African , Caribbean and Pacific Group (ACP)上诉机构 appeal body基础税率 base tariff level国际收支条款 Balance-of-payments (BOP) Provisions既定日程 built-in agenda约束水平 bound level（欧盟）共同农业政策 Common Agriculture Pulicy规避 circumvention关贸总协定 General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)乌拉圭回合 Uruguay Round永久正常贸易关系 permanent normal trade relation (PNTR)国际清算 international settlement横向兼并 horizontal merger进口环节税 import linkage tax进口许可 import licensing垃圾融资 junk financing慢性萧条 chronic depression贸易和投资自由化和便利化trade and investment liberalization and facilitation (TILF) 全球配额 global quota弱势群体 disadvantaged group市场准入的行政管理措施 Administrative Aspects of Market Access (AAMA)生产补贴 production subsidy消费膨胀 inflated consumption协调制度（商品名称及编码协调制度）Harmonized System (Harmonized Commodity and Coding System )争端解决机构 dispute settlement body《关于争端解决规则与程序的谅解》Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes (DS U)诸边协议 plurilateral agreement祖父条款 grandfather clause最初谈判权 Initial Negotiating Rights (INRs)保护主义 protectionism闭关自守 closed door policy畅通工程 Smooth Traffic Project初级成分 primary sector粗放式管理 extensive management从粗放经济转变为集约经济 shift from extensive economy to intensive economy促进全球经济一体化 foster integration with the global economy盗用公款 embezzlement地方财政包干制 system whereby local authorities take full responsibility for the ir finances地区差异 regional disparity短平快项目 a project yielding quick returns with a relatively low investment 短线产品 products in shorts supply二元经济 dual economy发展不平衡 disparate development发展民族经济 develop the national economy发展是硬道理 Development is of overriding importance ./ Development is the absolute need翻两番 quadruple放宽经营条件限制 relax business restrictions扶贫 helping the poor改善投资环境 improve the investment environment工商局 industrial and commercial administration公共部门；公共成分 public sector关税总水平 general tariff level管制经济 controlled economy规模经济 economy of scale国产化率import substitution rate ; localization rate of parts and componen ts国际商业社会 the global business community国家粮食库存the state grain reserves国民生产总值gross national product (GNP)国内生产总值gorss domestic product (GDP)合理引导消费guide rational consumption宏观调控macro-control混合经济mixed economy基本国情fundamental realities of the country积极的财政政策proactive fiscal policy集体经济collective economy集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划经济planned economy计划调节regulation through state planning讲诚信，反欺诈honor credibility and oppose cheating解放生产力emancipate the productive forces经济波动economic fluctuation经济复苏economic recovery经济杠杆economic levers经济平衡economic balance经济趋势economic trend经济渠道economic channels经济全球化economic globalization经济失调指数misery index经济衰退economic depression经济腾飞economic take-off /boom(有)经济头脑的人 commercially minded (people); (people with) business sense 控股公司holding company拉动经济增长fuel economic growth理顺straightening out家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system停职留薪retain the job but suspend the salary乱收费，乱摊派，乱罚款arbitary charges , fund-raising quotas and fines配套政策supporting policies贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor求得公平合理的解决seek a fair and reasonable solution三步走战略the three-step development strategy社会热点问题hot spots of society涉外经济foreign-related business实体经济the real economy实现零的突破achieve the zero breakthrough实用，有效，廉价，方便practical ,efficient , economical and convenient for use市政当局municipality适度从紧的财政政策moderately tight fiscal policy私营成分，私营部门private sector停滞；萧条 stagnation通货紧缩deflation (of currency )统筹安排comprehensive arrangement统一市场single market托管制度trusteeship网络经济cybereconomy伪劣商品赔还法lemon law温饱工程project for adequate food and clothing效益农业profitable agriculture新兴经济emerging economies养老金pension以经济建设为中心focusing on the central task of economic construction以质量求生存，求发展，求效益strive for survival , development and efficiency on the basis of quality优化结构和提高效益 optimized structure and better economic returns优税待遇 preferential taxation treatment有中国特色的社会主义市场经济体制socialist market economy with Chinese characteristics与国际市场接轨 integrate with the world market ; become integrated into the global market中国经济景气检测中心 China Economic Monitoring Center中国新经济峰会 China New Economy Summit主体经济 the mainstay of the economy专属经济区 exclusive economic zone追赶型和跨越式发展 pursuant and leap-forward development资源配置 the distribution / allocation of resources自由经济 liberal economy政治经济学 political economy官方表述Official Statements社会秩序良好，人民安居乐业People will enjoy a sound public order and live and work in peace and contentmen t深化分配制度改革，健全社会保障体系deepen the reform of the income distribution system and improve the social securit y system失业保险制度和城市居民最低生活保障制度the systems of unemployment insurance and subsistence allowances for urban resi dents同经济发展水平相适应的社会保障体系a social security system compatible with the level of economic development国民经济National Economy按劳分配distribution according to one’s performance摆脱贫穷和落后shaking off poverty and backwardness保持国民经济持续，快速，健康发展maintain sustained , rapid and sound development of the national economy保持国民经济发展的良好势头maintain a good momentum of growth in the national economy边际报酬 marginal return变相涨价 disguised price hikes不正之风 bad/harmful practice ; unhealthy tendency财政经济状况 financial and economic conditions财政收支平衡 fiscal balance（产品）分销 sub-underwriting ; distribution草根农业 grass-roots industry产粮大省 granary province朝阳产业 sunrise industry传销 multi-level marketing ;pyramid selling打假 crack down on counterfeit goods弹性工资 flexible pay等外品 off-grade goods ; rejects第一产业 primary industury第二产业 secondary industry第三产业 tertiary industry恶性通货膨胀 hyperinflation恶性循环 vicious circle二次创业 start a new undertaking浮动工资 floating wages ; fluctuating wages高科技板块 high-tech sector根本好转 fundamental turn for the better工薪阶层 salariat ; state employee ; salaried person公司分立与解散 separation and dissolution of a company国家利益 interest of the state红包（中）red envelope containing money as a gift ; (贬) bribe ; kickb ack积压产品 overstocked commodities / inventories技术产权交易所 technology equity market ; technology property right exchang e技术下乡 spread technological knowledge to farmers加班 work extra shifts ; work overtime家族企业 family firm假日经济 holiday firm尖端产品 highly sophisticated products解困基金 anti-poverty funds进口减免税 import tax exemptions and reduction精品 competitive products敬业精神 professional dedication ; professional ethics连带责任 joint liability良性循环 virtuous circle劣等品 shoddy goods ; substandard goods ; lemon (口语)冒充包装 copycat packaging耐用消费品 durable consumer items / goods年同比 year-on-year ; on an annual basis扭转局面 reverse the tide ; turn the table农村富余劳动力 surplus rural labor农村劳动力合理有序流动 the rational and orderly flow of rural labor皮包公司 bogus company票贩子 ticket scalper ; ticket tout瓶颈制约“bottleneck” restrictions情感消费 emotional consumption区位商业 location-based commerce全优工程 all-round excellent project拳头产品 competitive products ; knock-out products ; blockbuster商品交易所 Commodity Exchange商品条码 bar code商务所commercial counsellor’s office市场疲软 sluggish market市场准入 market access适销对路的产品 readily marketable products甩卖 clearance sale ; be on sale双边和多边经济合作 bilateral and multilateral economic cooperation跳蚤市场 flea market投资成本回收 recover investments脱贫致富 cast /shake / throw off poverty and set out on a road to prospe rity无形资产 intangible assets向钱看 mammonism ; put money above all效益工资 achievements-related wages ; wages based on benefits一级市场 primary market重复建设 duplication of similar projects转嫁负担 shifting losses to国有企业改革Reform of State-owned Enterprises (SOE)摆脱困境 be extricated from their predicament包工包料 contract for labor and materials层层转包和违法分包 multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting产品结构 product mix产权清晰，权责分明，政企分开，科学管理clearly established ownership , well defined power and responsibility , separation of enterprise from administration , and scientific management产销直接挂钩 directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代 upgrading of industries产业高地 industrial leading position产业关联性 production-related association产业结构优化升级 optimize and upgrade the industrial structure厂长负责制system under which the factory director assumes full responsibil ity承包经营 contract operation持续提高公司的竞争能力achieve a lasting upturn in the company’s ability to com pete初步建立现代企业制度implement a preliminary modern enterprise system促销merchandising大型企业集团large enterprise group带薪分流assign redundant civil servants to other jobs while allowing the m to retain their original rank and benefits待岗await job assignment ; post-waiting待业job-waiting待业人口population waiting for employment地域优势geographical advantage调节经济运行regulate the operation of the economy调整产品结构readjust the product mix董事会领导leadership of the board of directors对符合条件的企业实行债转股carry out debt-to-equity swap programs in enterprises where conditions permit对外承包工程overseas contracted engineering projects防范和化解经融风险prevent and defuse financial risks分流企业富余人员redirect surplus employees of enterprises富有献身精神，积极性高涨的员工队伍a highly motivated and committed workforce改革国有资产管理体制reform the state property management system改善国有企业负债结构improve the asset-liability ratios of state-owned enterprise s高中级工程技术人员senior and intermediate-level engineers and technologists革新重组realignment个体，私营等非公有制经济the non-public sector including selfemployed and private businesses工业产值 the industrial output公司法人责任制 the corporate legal person responsibility system公有制的多种实现形式 various forms for realizing public ownership股份合作制 joint stock-holding partnership ; the joint stock cooperative syste m股份制 the shareholding system骨干企业 key enterprise规范监事会制度 standardize the board of supervisors system规范破产 standardize bankruptcy procedures国家财政收入 total national revenue国有大中型企业 large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises国有控股企业 state holding enterprise国有资产流失 the devaluation of state assets合同管理制 the contract management system红帽子企业 red cap enterprise宏观管理体制 the macro-control system货币政策 monetary policy技术创新technological innovation家用电器产业the home electric appliances industry价格性能比price versus performance ratio兼并破产merger and bankruptcy减少对市场变化做出反应的时间shorten the response time to market changes减员增效downsizing for efficiency ; cut payroll to improve efficiency揭牌典礼an official business launch紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises竞争有序orderly competition竞争择优select only the best of competing offers开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity亏损企业loss-making enterprises亏损企业脱困losing enterprises in the black again扩大内需expand domestic demand来料加工process materials supplied by clients ; accept customers’ materia ls for processing劳动合同制labor contract system理顺/正确处理改革，发展，稳定的关系appropriately balance reform , development and stability流通体制the circulation system龙头 a leader内联企业enterprises with internal connections扭亏增赢reduction of loss and increase of profits培育统一开放，竞争有序的市场体系cultivate a unified and open market with orderly competition培育新的消费热点foster new consumption growth areas激励机制和约束机制incentive and restraint mechanisms企业文化corporate culture强化管理，“严”字当头 tighten up management and put strict observance above all else强化社区服务功能strengthen the function of community强强联合association between strong enterprises全面提高劳动者素质improve the overall quality of the workforce全球销售服务网络the global sales and after-sales service network融中国现代产业于世界经济主流integrate China’s modern industry with the mainstream of the world’s economy三无企业three-no-enterprises商检局Commodity Inspection Bureau商业运作business dealings深化流通体制改革deepen the reform of the distribution system生物医药产业the bioengineering and pharmaceutical industry石油化工产业the petrochemical industry实行投资主体多元化Sources of investment must be diversified时常多元化战略market diversification strategy售后服务 after-sales service树立企业良好形象 foster a good company image统筹规划，突出重点，分步实施a comprehensive plan that should focus on key areas and be carried out in a step -by-step manner投身于变化的过程中 be committed to the process of change完善法人治理结构 improve the corporate government西部大开发 the large-scale development strategy in west China下岗分流 redirect laid-off workers下海 go in for business兴建南水北调工程 build the south-to-north water diversion project虚拟经济和实体经济 virtual economy and real economy养老，失业，医疗保险金 old-age , unemployment and medical insurance premiums 一刀切 impose uniformity in all cases ; allow no flexibility一体化生产 integrated production以市场为导向 taking the market as the orientation以质取胜 implement the strategy of success through quality引入竞争机制 introduce competition mechanisms优化结构 optimize structure优化生产过程 optimize production processes优化组合 optimization grouping ; optional regrouping优势互补 take advantage of eac h other’s strength再就业服务中心 re-employment service center再就业工程 re-employment programs在业人口 working population政府搭台，部门推动，企业唱戏Governments set up the stage , various departments cooperate and enterprises put in the show支柱产业 pillar industries知识密集型产业 knowledge-intensive projects中心环节 the pivotal point抓大放小 invigorate large enterprises while relaxing control over small one s;focus on the restructuring of major enterprises and leave minor ones to fend for t hemselves转化机制 shift to new management mechanisms转化经营机制 change operating mechanism装备精良 state-of-the-art equipment资金技术密集型产业 capital-and-technology-intensive industries劳动密集型产业 labor-intensive industries自负盈亏 be responsible for their own profits and losses财政金融Finance保理业务factoring business保税区the low-tax , tariff-free zone ; bonded area比较完整的金融市场体系 a relatively complete financial market system变现sell off财务报告分析 analysis of financial statement财务成本 financial cost财务丑闻 accounting scandal财政法 fiscal law财政收入/支出financial revenue / expenditure财政转移支付 transfer payment from the exchequer搀水股票 water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by perso ns inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value ) 筹资融资 fund and financing城乡信用社 credit cooperatives in both urban and rural areas存款保证金 guaranty money for deposits呆帐 bad loan贷款无力偿还 loan defaults地区货币集团 regional corrency blocks电子银行 e-banking电子应用系统 e-application对冲基金 hedge fund二板时常：创业板市场second board (on the country’s stock market)防范金融风险 prevent financial risks费改税 transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock ma rket .分期付款 installment payment分税制 system of tax distribution风险管理 risk management风险投资 risk investment风险资本 venture capital封闭式基金 close-ended fund辐射全国，影响深远 radiate its profound influence across the country高增长，低通胀 high growth and low inflation公积金 public accumulation funds ; public reserve funds公司犯罪 corporate crime国际清算银行 international clearing banks国有商业银行 state-owned commercial banks国债专项资金 special fund for treasury bond核心/非核心资产core/ non-core assets汇率机制 exchange-rate regime货币化 monetization货币回笼 withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款 cash on delivery技术转让 technology transfer假帐 accounting fraud虚报盈利 inflate profits监视会 supervisory board结售汇制度 the system of exchange , settlement and sales 金本位 gold standard金边债券 gilt-edged bonds金降落伞 golden parachute金融电子化 computerize financial services金融重组 financial reorganization债务人持有资产 debtor-in-possession (DIP)金税工程 Golden Tax Project金银买卖市场 a bullion trading market可支配收入 disposable income客户关系管理 customer relationship management (CRM)宽限期 grace period垃圾债券 junk bond利改税 substitution of tax payment for profit delivery内部风险管理 the internal risk management内部自律控制机制 internal control system欧洲单一货币 the single European currency盘活存量资产 tap the idle assets疲软股票 soft stock骗汇，逃汇，套汇 obtain foreign currency at false pretenses , not turn over for eign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage企业资源计划 enterprise resource planning (ERP)全球金融体系 global financial architecture全天候交易 24-hour trading operations融资渠道 financing channels三角债 chain debt上市融资 seek financing by listing on the stock market设置严密的警戒线 throw a tight cordon申请破产保护 file for bankruptcy protection生产要素 essential factor of production直销 non-store selling网上银行业 online-banking在线金融 online-finance实行许可证制 implement a license system收购公司 acquiring company现金流量表 chart of cash flow首席运营官 Chief Operating Officer (COO)首席财务官 Chief Finance Officer (CFO)首席商务官 Chief Business Officer (CBO)首席技术官 Chief Technology Officer (CTO)首席信息官 Chief Information Officer (CIO)首席沟通官 Chief Government Officer (CGO)授信额度 line of credit税前/税后收入 pretax/after-tax income上市/被摘牌公司 listed / delisted company上调税申报制度 personal income declaration system顺差 trade surplus特许税 franchise tax粘现市场 discount market通存通税 the banking procedure where deposits and withdrawals are proce ssed at any branch bank统一税 flat tax ; consolidated tax偷税，骗税，逃税，抗税 tax evasion , tax fraud , and refusal to pay taxes投资信心 investor confidence财务报表 financial statement外国基准货币 the foreign base currency外汇储备 foreign exchange reserve外汇市场 a foreign exchange market外资财务公司 foreign-funded financial companies外资银行 foreign-funded banks金融交易安全 financial transaction security无息和低息贷款 loans with no or low interest物价涨幅 the margin of price rise吸收游资 absorb idle fund消费信贷 consumer credit services信贷风险 credit risk信贷支持 credit aid信用紧缩 credit crunch信用危机 credit crisis虚拟银行 virtual bank电子转帐 wire transfer延期还本付息 delayed repayment of capital and interest业绩报表 earning report金融违规行为 financial irregularities / improprieties证券交易委员会 Securities Exchange Commission (SEC)一式两联 (receipt or invoice)in duplicate营业税 turnover tax ; business tax增发长期国债 issue additional long-term treasury bonds债权转股权/债转股debt-for-equity swap帐面收益 paper profit有形资产 physical assets项目资本金制度 project fund system资产重组 recapitalize中国外汇交易中心 Chinese Foreign Exchange Trading Service中国财政赤字 state financial deficits转手贸易 switch trade（银行的）交易 transact原始股 initial offerings新股发行 initial public offerings (IPO)智力资本 intellectual capital投资回收期 investment payoff period资产保值增值 maintain and increase the value of assets ; maintenance and appreciation of assets资产负债比例管理 exercise management over the liability rate on assets资产负债表 balance sheet自由兑换 free convertibility ; be freely converible自助银行 self-service bank证券Securities保证金 margin ; collateral成分指数 component index承销商 underwriter发行人 issuer封闭式证券投资基金 closed-end securities investment fund开放式证券投资基金 open-end securities investment fund 基金托管银行 fund custodian bank散户 retail ; private investor股本 share capital ; equity capital国库券 treasury bond红利；股息 dividend货币市场 monetary market机构投资者 institutional investor建/平仓open /close a position可流通股份 negotiable share可转换债券 convertible bond控股股份 controlling shareholder蓝筹股 blue chips流通性 liquidity内幕交易 insider trading / dealing配股 allotment of shares评级机构 rating agency企业债券 corporate bond清算；结算 clearing and settlement券商 broker ; dealer认股权证 warrant融券 securities loan金融衍生产品 financial derivatives申购 subscribe市场操纵 market manipulation市值 market capitalization收购兼并 merger and acquisition信息披露 information disclosure信用交易credit trading债券bond ; debenture中介机构intermediary资本市场capital market综合指数composite index房产Real Estate按揭贷款mortgage loan拆迁计划resettlement plan地段plot都市峡谷urban canyon房产开发公司real estate developer房屋总面积gross area高层楼房high-rise buildings高密度立体城市high density vertical city公告地价government-estimated land price绿地面积greenland area ; landscaping space棚户shacks ; family that live in shacks平面设计师graphic designer期房forward delivery housing乔迁之喜Best wishes for your new home人均住房per-capita housing ; average living space商品房空置的现象the vacancy problem in commercial housing使用面积floorage ; usable floor area室内面积carpet area四合院an old siheyuan (a compound with traditional Chinese house of g rey bricks and tiles built around a courtyard )筒子楼tube-shaped apartment危旧房old and dilapidated houses物业管理real estate management。
MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷15(题后含答案及解析)全部题型 4. TranslationSection IV TranslationDirections: In this section there is a passage in English. Translate the passage into Chinese and write your translation on ANSWER SHEET 2.1．Many companies may be cutting expenses as much as possible, but arts sponsorship is doing better than ever. The trend is steadily upwards. Sponsorship overall now takes up perhaps $50 million, or three times as much as it did five years ago. Most of that may go on sport—but the spending on arts has risen the fastest of all and may now be worth $4 million a year. The extra help is easy to explain. Banks, insurance companies, the oil industry and tobacco firms provide three quarters of funds going into arts sponsorship. All four groups tend to be unpopular—which makes them all the keener to display their social concern and so build up some good will.正确答案：很多公司正在尽可能地削减经费，但对艺术的赞助与以往任何时候相比却是有增无减。
历年MBA翻译真题大荟萃－每日翻译自测(1)Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might —surprised! —fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly."While warnings are often appropriate and necessary —the dangers of drug interactions, for example —and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers from liability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzedin a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury.At the same time, the American Law Institute —a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight —issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities," says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided for the benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.历年MBA翻译真题大荟萃－每日翻译自测(1) 相关内容:。
M B A考试常考短语 The pony was revised in January 2021靠介词短语1、s tand up to （主动）经历be exposed to (被动) 经历2、p ut up with / live with 忍受，容忍She is such an irritating woman, I don’t know how you can put up with her.3、m ake for / leave for / head for 朝…前进，到…地方去4、m ake out 辨认出；开出work out v.做出, 可以解决, 开采完, 精疲力尽5、t ake in/ absorb 吸收；欺骗6、b y chance 碰巧7、o n occasion 偶尔8、a t random 随机9、i n case of / for fear of 以免10、for the sake of 为了…起见11、due to / because of 由于，因为12、comply with / conform to 遵从，服从13、cut out 削减 cut it out 有话快说14、pick up 拿起；取，接；学会；好转；继续。
pick sb up结识, 搭乘(开车接送), 接送, 逮捕15、at last 总体而言（最后，最终）；逍遥法外？16、at the sight of 当看到 ... 时, 一见 ... 就17、hang on to / insist on / persist in doing sth. 坚持（紧紧抓住, 坚持下去,依靠, 留住）18、access to 进入19、see to 负责；注意, 照料20、prior to =before 在…之前21、deprived sb.of sth. 使…丧失；剥夺22、set about doing sth. 着手开始干某事 Set in开始(并将延续下去)Set out vt.规划, 展现 vi.出发, 开始23、pull up 靠边停（车）pull in 进站（停车）24、laid off 使…下岗，辞退Laid out 布置Lay up 被闲置25、phase in 逐渐产生Phase out 逐渐消失= die out 灭绝=extinct=get rid of26、extinguish 灭火27、distinct 不同（有自己特色的）distinguished 杰出的has distinct culture 28、distinguish A from B = tell 区分29、for the purpose of 为了…的目的30、A is related to B A与B有密切关系，一般表示正向的关系（亲戚）31、involved in 牵涉到32、combine A with B 结合A与B33、in front of 汽车在大楼前In the front of 老师在教室前34、take after 与…相像resemble v.相像Assemble 组装35、look after 目送/关心/照顾36、ask after 探问，问候37、name after 以…命名38、accuse sb. Of sth. 控告某人犯了罪行 Charge sb. With sth.39、with regard toWith a view to doing sth.40、In the light of =according to= in terms of41、A is relevant to B A与B有关42、take to 喜欢43、go without 过活44、regard as = view as45、2 multiplied by 3 is 6=2*3=63 plus 2 is 53 minus 2 is16 divided by 3 is 246、A is on good terms with BA与B的关系好47、be attached to 对…很留恋48、keep/ stick to the principic =Hold/ hang on to sth.49、refer to 提及涉及/参考/将某人推荐给某人 A refer sb. To B50、At the risk/expense speed rate/ of 以…速度/风险/价格51、hold up支持；延迟；展示；抢劫Hold on 坚持Keep on doing sth. 继续做某事52、A accounts for BA是B的原因/占。
M B A英语翻译自测题 Company number【1089WT-1898YT-1W8CB-9UUT-92108】MBA英语翻译自测题-1It's a rough world out there. Step outside and you could break a leg slipping on your doormat. Light up the stove and you could burn down the house. Luckily, if the doormat or stove failed to warn of coming disaster, a successful lawsuit might compensate you for your troubles. Or so the thinking has gone since the early 1980s, when juries began holding more companies liable for their customers misfortunes.Feeling threatened, companies responded by writing ever-longer warning labels, trying to anticipate every possible accident. Today, stepladders carry labels several inches long that warn, among other things, that you might - surprised! - fall off. The label on a childs Batman cape cautions that the toy "does not enable user to fly."While warnings are often appropriate and necessary - the dangers of drug interactions, for example - and many are required by state or federal regulations, it isnt clear that they actually protect the manufacturers and sellers fromliability if a customer is injured. About 50 percent of the companies lose when injured customers take them to court.Now the tide appears to be turning. As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldnt have changed anything. In May, Julie Nimmons, president of Schutt Sports in Illinois, successfully fought a lawsuit involving a football player who was paralyzed in a game while wearing a Schutt helmet. "Were really sorry he has become paralyzed, but helmets arent designed to prevent those kinds of injuries," says Nimmons. The jury agreed that the nature of the game, not the helmet, was the reason for the athletes injury.At the same time, the American Law Institute - a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight - issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones. "Important information can get buried in a sea of trivialities," says a law professor at Cornell Law School who helped draft the new guidelines. If the moderate end of the legal community has its way, the information on products might actually be provided forthe benefit of customers and not as protection against legal liability.参考译文：警告标签外面是一个危险的世界。
上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题17Shoppers who have flocked to online stores for their holiday shopping are losing privacy with every mouse click, according to a new report.[1] The study by the Washington-based Electronic Privacy Information Center scrutinized (仔细审查) privacy policies on 100 of the most popular online shopping sites and compared those policies with a set of basic privacy principles that have come to be known as “fair information practices.”[2]The group found that none of the 100 sites met all of the basic criteria for privacy protection, which include giving notice of what information is collected and how it is used, offering consumers a choice over whether the information will be used in certain ways, allowing access to data that give consumers a chance to see and correct the information collected, and instituting the kind of security measures that ensure that information won’t fall into the wrong hands.“This study shows that somebody else, other than Santa, is reading your Christmas list,” said Jeff Chester, executive director of the Center for Media Education, which also worked on the survey.[3] The online privacy of children is protected by Federal Trade Commission rules, but adults do not share the same degree of privacy protection. The government, like the online shopping industry, favors self-regulation over imposition of further government restrictions on electronic commerce.Marc Rosenberg, executive director of the privacy group, said the study shows that self regulations have failed, “We need legislation to enforce fair information practices,” he said. “Consumers are at greater risk than they were in 1997,” when the group released its first report.[4]The survey also asked whether the 100 sites used “profile-based” advertising, and whethe r the sites incorporate “cookies” technology, which gives Web sites basic information on visitors. Profiling is the practice of gathering information about consumers’ interests by tracking their movements online. The information is then used to create targeted advertising on Wed sites.[5] All but 18 of the top shopping sites did display a privacy policy, a major improvement over the early days of electronic commerce, when such policies were scarce. But that did not satisfy the privacy group: “Companies are posting privacy policies, but these policies are not the same thing as fair information practices,” Rotenberg said.The sites also did not perform well by other measures, the group said. It found that 35 of the sites feature profile-based advertising, and 87 percent use cookies. The group concluded that thepolicies that were posted “are typically confusing, incomplete, and inconsistent.” The report, “Surfer Beware III: Privacy Policies Without Privacy Protection, ” is the third such survey by the group. It called for further development of technologies that help consumers protect their privacy and even anonymity (匿名) when exploring the internet.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题18Suppose you go into a fruiterer’s shop, wanting an apple－you take up one, and on biting it you find it is sour; you look at it, and see that it is hard and green. You take up another one, and that, too, is hard, green, and sour. The shop man offers you a third; but, before biting it, you examine it, and find that it is hard and green, and you immediately say that you will not have it, as it must be sour, like those that you have already tried.[1] Nothing can be more simple than that, you think; but if you will take the trouble to analyze and trace out into its logical elements what has been done by the mind, you will be greatly surprised. In the first place you have performed the operation of induction. You find that, in two experiences, hardness and greenness in apples went together with sourness. It was so in the first case, and it was confirmed by the second. [2] True, it is a very small basis, but still it is enough from which to make an induction; you generalize the facts, and you expect to find sourness in apples where you get hardness and greenness. You found upon that a general law, that all hard and green apples are sour; and that, so far as it goes, is a perfect induction. Well, having got your natural law in this way, when you are offered another apple which you find it hard and green, you say, “A ll hard and green apples are sour; this apple is hard and green; therefore, this apple is sour.” That train of reasoning is what logicians call a syllogism (三段论法),and has all its various parts and terms－its major premises, its minor premises, and its conclusion. [3] And, by the help of further reasoning, which, if drawn out, would have to be exhibited in two or three other syllogisms, you arrive at your final determination. “I will not have that apple.” So that, you see, you have, in the first place, established a law by induction, and upon that you have founded a deduction, and reasoned out the special particular case.Well now, suppose, having got your conclusion of the law, that at some times afterwards, you are discussing the qualities of apple with a friend; you will say to him, “It is a very curious thing, but I find that all hard and green apples are sour!” Your friend says to you, “But how do you know that?” You at once reply, “Oh, because I have tried them over a nd over again, and have always found them to be so.” [4] Well, if we were talking science instead of common sense, we should call that an experimental verification. And, if still opposed, you go further, and say, “I have heard from people. In Somersetshire and Devonshire, where a large number of apples are grown, and in London, where many apples are sold and eaten, that they have observed the same thing. It is alsofound to be the case in Normandy, and in North America. In short, I find it to be the universal experience of mankind wherever attention has been directed to the subject.” Whereupon, your friend, unless he is a very unreasonable man, agrees with you, and is convinced that you are quite right in the conclusion you have drawn. [5] He believes, although perhaps he does not know he believes it, that the more extensive verifications have been made, and results of the same kind arrived at－that the more varied the conditions under which the same results are attained, the more certain is the ultimate conclusion, and he disputes the question no further. He sees that the experiment has been tried under all sorts of conditions, as to time, place, and people, with the same result; and he says with you, therefore, that the law you have laid down must be a good one, and he must believe it.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题19[1] Government is not made in virtue of natural rights, which may and do exist in total independence of it; and exist in much greater clearness, and in a much greater degree of abstract perfection; but their abstract perfection is their practical defect. By having a right to everything, men want everything. [2] Government is a contrivance (发明) of human wisdom to provide for human wants. Men have a right that these wants should be provided for by this wisdom. Among these wants is to be reckoned the want, out of civil society, of a sufficient restraint upon their passions. [3]Society requires not only that the passions of individuals should be subjected, but that even in the mass and body, as well as in the individuals, the inclinations of men should frequently be thwarted (阻挠,使挫折), their will controlled, and their passions brought into subjection.[4]This can only be done by a power out of themselves; and not, in the exercise of its function, subject to that will and those passions which it is its office to bridle and subdue. In this sense, the restraints on men, as well as their liberties, are to be reckoned among their rights. [5]But as the liberties and the restrictions vary with times and circumstances, and admit to infinite modifications, they cannot be settled upon by any abstract rule; and nothing is so foolish as to discuss them upon that principle.The moment you abate (减少) anything from the full rights of men, each to govern himself, and suffer any artificial, positive limitation upon those rights, from that moment the whole organization of government becomes a consideration of convenience. This it is which makes the constitution of a state, and the due distribution of its powers, a matter of the most delicate and complicated skill. It requires a deep knowledge of human nature and human necessities, and of the things that facilitate or obstruct the various ends, which are to be pursued by the mechanism of civil institutions. The state is to have recruits to its strength, and remedies to its distempers. What is the use of discussing a man’s abstract right to food and medicine? The question is upon themethod of procuring and administering them. In that deliberation, I shall always advise to call in the aid of the farmer and the physician, rather than the professor of metaphysics (形而上学).上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题20The term corporate culture refers to an orga nization’s value system. Managerial philosophies, workplace practices, and organizational network are included in the concept of corporate culture. Tyson Fooe’s corporate culture is reflected in the fact that everyone —even CEO Don Tyson－wears tan work clothes on the job.[1] The corporate culture is typically shaped by the leaders who developed the company and by those who succeed them. One generation of employees passes on a corporate culture to newer employees. Sometimes this is part of formal training; new managers who attend McDonald’s Hamburger University may learn skills in management, but they also pick up the basics of the organization’s corporate culture.Employees can absorb corporate culture through informal contacts as well, by talking with other workers and through their experiences on the job.[2] Corporate culture has a major impact on the success of an organization. In organizations with strong cultures, everyone knows and supports the organizations’ objectives. In those with weak cultures, no clear sense of purpose exists. [3] In fact, the authors of the classic book In Search of Excellence concluded the presence of a strong corporate culture was the single common thread among many diverse but highly successful companies such as General Electric and McDonald’s.[4] As you can imagine, changing a company’s corporate culture can be very difficult. But some managers try to do just that when they feel the current culture is weak, or when the organization’s objectives change and the old culture no longer fits. [5] Sometimes the competitive situation of a company changes; electric utilities, which once had their profits guaranteed by public regulation, now face capitalist-style competition. Firms that were comfortable competing against other American companies now find themselves fighting competitors from overseas, too.Management expert Peter Duckers feels that, rather than trying to change culture, managers should focus on changing employees’ habits, as follows:∙Define what results are needed. Specify in measurable terms what the organization (or department, or office) needs to achieve. [64B]∙Determine where these results are already being achieved within the current organization. Analyze the departments that are already effective. Find out what they aredoing differently from the rest.∙Determine what top management can do to encourage these good results. Druckersuggests that executives openly ask what they can do to help, and then do it.Change the reward system－or develop a new one－to recognize these effective habits.When employees realize that the organization really does reward the new approach, theywill adopt it much more quickly.Whether one wants to change an organization’s culture or not, it is important to choose managers and employ ees whose personal styles fit the organization’s goals.。
上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题13[1] A little more than a century ago, Michael Faraday, the noted British physicist, managed to gain audience with a group of high government officials, to demonstrate an electro-chemical principle, in the hope of gaining support for his work.[2] After observing the demonstrations closely, one of the officials remarked bluntly, “It's a fascinating demonstration, young man, but just what practical application will come of this?”“I don't know,” replied Faraday, “but I do know that 100years from now you’ll be taxing them.” [51A][3] From the demonstration of a principle to the marketing of products derived from that principle is often a long, involved series of steps. The speed and effectiveness with which these steps are taken are closely related to the history of management, the art of getting things done. [4] Just as management applies to the wonders that have evolved from Faraday and other inventors, so it applied some 4 000 years ago to the workings of the great Egyptian and Mesopotamian import and export firms ... to Hannibal’s remarkable feat of crossing the Alps in 218 B.C. with 90 000 foot soldiers, 12 000 horsemen and a "conveyor belt" of 40 elephants ... or to the early Christian Church, with its world-shaking concepts of individual freedom and equality.[5] These ancient innovators were deeply involved in the problems of authority, division of labor, discipline, unity of command, clarity of direction and the other basic factors that are so meaningful to management today. But the real impetus to management as an emerging profession was the Industrial Revolution. Originating in 18-century England, it was triggered by a series of classic inventions and new processes, among them John Kay's Flying Shuttle in 1733, James Hargreaves' Spinning Jenny in 1770, Samuel Crompton' s Mule Spinner in 1779 and Edmund Cartwright's Power Loom in 1785.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题14[1] By education, I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in the habits of behavior, of thought and of attitude. It is in being thus susceptible to the environment that man differs from the animals, and the higher animals from the lower. [2]The lower animals are influenced by the environment but not in the direction of changing their habits. Their instinctive responses are few and fixed by heredity （遗传）. When transferred to an unnatural situation, such an animal is led astray by its instincts. Thus the "ant-lion" whose instinct implies it to bore into loose sand by pushing backwards with abdomen (腹部), goes backwards on a plate of glass as soon as danger threatens, and endeavors, with the utmost exertions to bore into it. [3] It knows no other mode of flight, or “if such a lonely animal isengaged upon a chain of actions and is interrupted, it either goes on vainly with the remaining actions (as useless as cultivating an unsown field) or dies in helpless inactivity”.[4] Thus a net-making spider which digs a burrow and rims it with a bastion (堡垒) of gravel and bits of wood, when removed from a half finished home, will not begin again, though it will continue another burrow, even one made with a pencil.Advance in the scale of evolution along such lines as these could only be made by the emergence of creatures with more and more complicated instincts. Such beings we know in the ants and spiders. But another line of advance was destined to open out a much more far-reaching possibility of which we do not see the end perhaps even in man. [5] Habits, instead of being born ready-made (when they are called instincts and not habits at all) were left more and more to the formative influence of the environment, of which the most important factor was the parent who now cared for the young animal during a period of infancy in which vaguer instincts than those of the insects were molded to suit surroundings which might be considerably changed without harm.This means, one might at first imagine, that gradually heredity becomes less and environment more important. But this is hardly the truth and certainly not the whole truth. For although fixed automatic responses like those of the insect-like creatures are no longer inherited, although selection for purification of that sort is no longer going on, yet selection for educability is very definitely still of importance. The ability to acquire habits can be conceivably inherited just as much as can definite responses to narrow situations. Besides, since a mechanism－is now, for the first time, created by which the individual (in contradiction to the species) can be fitted to the environment, the latter becomes, in another sense, less not more important. And finally, less not the higher animals who possess the power of changing their environment by engineering feats and the like, a power possessed to some extent even by the beaver (海狸), and preeminently (卓越地) by man. Environment and heredity are in no case exclusive but always supplementary factors.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题15[1] One of the saddest things about the period in which we live is the growing estrangement (疏远) between America and Europe. This may be a surprising discovery to those who are overimpressed by the speed with which turbojets can hop from New York to Paris. But to anyone who is aware of what America once meant to English libertarian poets and philosophers, to the young Ibsen bitterly excoriating (痛斥)European royalty for the murder of Lincoln, to Italian novelists and poets translating the nineteenth century American classics as a demonstration against Fascism, there is something particularly disquieting in the way that the European Left, historically "pro-American" because it identified America with expansive democracy, now punishes America with Europe's lack of hope in the future.[2] Although America has obviously not fulfilled the visionary hope entertained for it in the romantic heyday, Americans have, until recently, thought of themselves as an idea, a "proposition" (in Lincoln's word) set up for the enlightenment and the improvement of mankind. Officially, we live by our original principles; we insist on this boastfully and even inhumanly. [3] And it is precisely this steadfastness to principle that irks (使苦恼，使厌倦) Europeans who under so many pressures have had to shift and to change, to compromise and to retreat.Historically, the obstinacy of America's faith in "principles" has been staggering－the sacrament (神圣) of the Constitution, the legacy of the Founding Fathers, the moral rightness of all our policies, the invincibility of our faith in the equality and perfectibility of man. [4] From the European point of view, there is something impossibly romantic, visionary, and finally outrageous about an attachment to political formulas that arose even before a European revolutionary democracy was born of the French Revolution, and that have survived all the socialist utopias and internationals. [5] Americans honestly insist on the equality of men even when they deny this equality in practice; they hold fast to romantic doctrines of perfectibility even when such doctrines contradict their actual or their formal faith－whether it be as scientists or as orthodox Christians.It is a fact that while Americans as a people are notoriously empirical, pragmatic, and unintellectual, they live their lives against a background of unalterable national shibboleths (陈旧的语句). The same abundance of theory that allowed Wait Whitman to fill out his poetry with philosophical road signs of American optimism allows a president to make pious references to God as an American tradition－references which, despite their somewhat mechanical quality, are not only sincere but which, to most Americans, express the reality of America.上海泰琪MBA英语考试英译汉模拟试题16The truly incompetent may never know the depths of their own incompetence, a pair of social psychologists said on Thursday."We found again and again that people who perform poorly relative to their peers (同等人) tended to think that they did rather well," Justin Kruger, co-author of a study on the subject, said in a telephone interview.[1] Kruger and co-author David Dunning found that when it came to a variety ofskills-logical reasoning, grammar, even sense of humor-people who essentially were inept (无能的；愚蠢的) never realized it, while those who had some ability were self-critical.[2] It had little to do with innate modesty, Kruger said, but rather with a central paradox: Incompetents lack the basic skills to evaluate their performance realistically. Once they get those skills, they know where they stand, even if that is at the bottom.[3] Americans and Western Europeans especially had an unrealistically sunny assessment oftheir own capabilities, Dunning said by telephone in a separate interview, while Japanese and Koreans tended to give a reasonable assessment of their performance. In certain areas, such as athletic performance, which can be easily quantified, there is less self-delusion (欺骗), the researchers said. But even in some cases in which the failure should seem obvious, the perpetrator is blithely （愉快地；快活地) unaware of the problem.[4] This was especially true in the area of logical reasoning, where research subjects + students at Cornell University, where the two researchers were based + often rated themselves highly even when they flubbed (搞得一团糟) all questions in a reasoning test.Later, when the students were instructed in logical reasoning, they scored better on a test but rated themselves lower, having learned what constituted competence in this area.Grammar was another area in which objective knowledge was helpful in determining competence, but the more subjective area of humor posed different challenges, the researchers said.[5] Participants were asked to rate how funny certain jokes were, and compare their responses with what an expert panel of comedians thought. On average, participants overestimated their sense of humor by about 16 percentage points.This might be thought of as the "above-average effect", the notion that most Americans would rate themselves as above average, a statistical impossibility.The researchers also conducted pilot studies of doctors and gun enthusiasts. The doctors overestimated how well they had performed on a test of medical diagnoses and the gun fanciers thought they knew more than they actually did about gun safety.So who should be trusted: The person who admits incompetence or the one who shows confidence? Neither, according to Dunning."You can't take them at their word. You've got to take a look at their performance," Dunning added.。
MBA（英语）翻译练习试卷16(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1.22 in 12 months.正确答案：国际投资者们似乎无法舍弃他们对美元的偏爱。
本年度，美国的经济已急剧下滑，然而，在按贸易额加权的情况下，美元却增长到了15年来的高点。
美元兑换欧元的比率达到0.88美元兑换1欧元，比一月初高出8%，接近去年九月欧洲中央银行和美联储联合干预以支持欧元时的水平。
为什么欧元显得如此疲软呢? 对此有许多说法。
其中之一是市场不相信欧洲中央银行：欧元区经济并非不受美国经济衰退的影响，但是中央银行更关注的似乎仍然是克服通货膨胀，而不是支持经济增长；另一个似乎更合理的解释是，在全球经济不稳定的情况下，美元重新获得了安全货币的传统角色。
大多数经济学家认为，欧元的价值被低估了，他们认为欧元明年会反弹。
高曼?萨克斯是其中最乐观的估计者之一——他预计在12个月内会出现1.22美元兑换1欧元的汇率。
涉及知识点：英译汉2．Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels; and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures of self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is “intelligent”; yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything it’s worth, then you are an intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent. You are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B,D. —Nervous Break Down.正确答案：为自己负责包括不再去相信一些非常流行的神话。
翻译100句 1. Behaviorists suggest that child who is raised in an environment where there are many stimuli which develop his or her capacity for appropriate response will experience greater intellectual development. 行为主义的看法是如果一个儿童在有许多刺激物的环境里长大，而这些刺激物能够开发其相应的反应能力，那么这个儿童将会有更好的智力发展。
2. In the “soap war” between the two parties, tremendous use is made of stations to measure the dynamic difference in market resulting from the proportional allocation to advertising, which constitute such a large part of their production costs before selling, so that they regard their production costs as production plus advertising costs. 在双方的肥皂大战中大量使用了统计学知识来测量与广告投入相应的市场份额的动态差异，这一项在售前的生产成本中占较大部分，所以他们把生产成本看作是生产费用和广告费用之和。
3. Smart cards, which can carry as much as 80 times more information on them than conventional cards with a magnetic strips, are already widely used in European countries where centralized banks can roll out new services on a nationwide basis. 智能卡载有的信息量是普通磁带卡信息量的80倍，已经在欧洲各国广泛使用，因而使欧洲各国中央银行得以在全国范围内展开新型的服务。
4. But it is clear from countries where women have smoked longest, such as the U.K. and the U.S., that smoking causes the same diseases in women as in men and the gap between their death rates is narrowing. 但有一点是无可置疑的，即从吸烟史最长的那些女性所在的国家（如英国和美国）来看，吸烟能使女性患和男性同样的疾病，而且两者死亡率的差异正在缩小。
5. The revolution soon spread to Western Europe and the U.S. which, due mainly to the development of her northeastern iron industry, became the world leading industrial nation by the late 1800s. 工业革命很快扩展到西欧和美国，美国主要依靠其东北部钢铁工业的发展于19世纪后半期成为世界主要工业国。
6. The man who has not learned anything about how to understand his own intention and to make them effective, who has not learned something about what is possible and what impossible through experiences and books, will be enslaved by the political and social intentions of other men. 没有学会了解和实现自己意图并使之产生效果的人以及没有通过经验和书本明白哪些事情会成功哪些事情做不到的人将受制于他人的政治和社会意图。
7. Thus, only a few decades ago it might have seemed that physics, which has placed nuclear energy at man’s disposal, was the dangerous branch of science, while biology, which underlay improvement in medicine and also helped us to understand our dependence on the natural environment, was the beneficial branch. 因此，仅仅几十年前刚刚使人类能驾驭核能的物理学似乎是门危险的学科，而作为医学进步之基础并帮助人们认识到人类自身依赖自然环境的生物学则成了有百利而无一害的科学
8. While there are almost as many definition of history as there are historians, modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past. 虽然有多少个历史学家就会有多少种历史学的定义，但是现代史学家的实践大多都趋向于这一种定义：历史学是再现并解释过去重大事件的学科。
9. He finds that students who were easy to teach, because they succeed in putting everything they had been taught into practice, hesitate when confronted with the vast untouched area of English vocabulary and usage which falls outside the scope of basic textbooks. 他发现原来比较容易教的学生现在踌躇不前了：原来容易教是因为他们能把教给他们的所有东西都付诸实践；现在踌躇是因为他们面对着大量在基础教科书上没有接触过的英语词汇和惯用法。
10. What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for routine physical check up just before going on a vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? 比如说一个46岁的男子在于家人外出度假之前进行了常规身体检查，尽管他自己感觉很好，但医生发现他患了某种癌症，6个月内会死亡，这时医生该怎么对他讲呢？
11. God, I’m glad I can talk about it with you ---- probably you are the only outlet that I will have that won’t get tired of my talking about writing. 天啊！我真高兴能与你交谈写作 ---- 您可能是唯一愿意听我宣泄写作体会、永远不会厌倦我谈论写作的人。
Section Two 12. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access ---- after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. 随着互联网越来越商业化，普及上网会对商家有利，因为上网的人越多，潜在的顾客人数就会越多。
13. Scientists do not know exactly how the AIDS virus damages the immune system, nor do they understand why the natural antibodies developed to destroy the virus are ineffective. 科学家们尚未能确定爱滋病是如何破坏免疫系统的，他们也不明白旨在破坏这种病毒的天然抗体为什么不能发挥作用。
14. Such is human nature in the West that a great many people are often willing to sacrifice higher pay for the privilege of becoming white collar worker.
