高考冲刺高中英语语法——状语从句精讲
1. ______ Apple gave no sales figures for its recently released Apple Watch, it did say the current quarter was off to “an exciting start”.
A. When
B. While
C. As
D. Because
2. China has sent 158 engineers to Tibet _______ they can restore telecommunication facilities destroyed by Saturday’s earthquake.
A. so as to
B. such as to
C. so that
D. such that
3. China confirms PLA to take part in Russia's Victory Day parade, ______ unexpected terrible things happen.
A. when
B. because
C. before D, unless
【答案揭晓】BCD
一、状语从句的定义
关键词：状语，修饰，位置，引导词
状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词和句子等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。
1.When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield.
2.Tom, unless he is supported by a kinder, can't afford to go to Xiamen University.
3.The young lady rushed into the room immediately she heard the noise.
状语从句根据它们的含义分为时间.地点.原因.目的.结果.方式.让步.条件.比较等九种。
时间when, whenever, as, since, till, until, before, after, as soon as, once, the moment, immediately, the day, no sooner …than, hardly/carcely…when, the minute, the second, every/each time
地点Where, wherever, everywhere
条件if, unless, providing/provided that, as/so long as, on condition that, suppose/supposing that, in case, only if
原因because, since, as, now that, seeing that, considering that, in that, in view of the fact that(鉴于)
让步though, although, even if/though/, as, while, whatever, wherever, whoever, however, no matter +wh词，for all that, granting/granted, whether …or, in spite of the fact that, despite the fact that
比较as…as, not the same as, not so…as, than
方式as, as if/though/ the way
目的that, so that, in order that, in case, for fear that, lest
结果so that, so…that, such …that
二、状语从句的分类
（一）时间状语从句
1. when, while & as
Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially as / when / while father was away in France.
When/While/As I was walking down the street, I came across an old friend of mine.
【解析】as / when / while引导的从句中的谓语动词was away，was walking 是持续性的状态和持续性动作，三者可互换，特别注意的是while 引导的从句中的动词必须是持续性的！
I was halfway back to the hospital when Susan caught up with me.
One Friday, we were packing to leave, when my daughter heard cries for help.
He was about to leave when the telephone rang
We were on the point of watching TV when suddenly the lights went out.
Tom was going to have dinner when the door was opened.
【解析】由以上从句中的黑体动词，如caught up with, heard, rang, went out, was opened可以看出，when 引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以为短暂性动词，这里不能跟while互换；此外be about to, be on the point of doing, 和be going to 经常跟when（=at that time) 连用成固定搭配。
The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner as the height increases．
.Just as the flying worm hit her face, she gave a loud cry.
The little girls sang as they went．
【解析】as常表示“随着……”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
注：I' ll phone you again when I get home.
主谓宾状时间状语从句
I don't know when I'll see her again.
主谓宾语从句
I’ll never forget the years when（=in which) I lived with the Tibetans.
主状谓宾定语从句（修饰the years)
【解析】由这三句句式结构的分析，分别可以得出这三个复合句的类型。
2. 一.......就
(1) as soon as, once
一Do you mean we are almost running out of food?
一Yeah. As soon as the canned and frozen foods are used up.
Once the new software is installed, customers will be able to place orders over the Internet.
(2) immediately, directly
I recognized her immediately I saw her.
I came directly I got your message.
【解析】immediately, directly在这些例句中是做连词用，相当于as soon as，而不是起副词的功能。
(3) the moment, the minute, the instant
I was so familiar with him that I recognized his voice the minute I picked up the phone.
He said he'd phone you the moment he got home.
The instant I saw him, I knew he was the man from the restaurant.
【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能，相当于as soon as,切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词，如at the moment。
(4) no sooner...than, hardly/scarcely...when
He had sooner arrived than the trouble started.
=No sooner had he arrived than the trouble started
He had hardly finished his speech when the audience started cheering.
Hardly had he finished his speech when the audience started cheering.
【解析】在这两个句型当中得注意两点：一是否定词放句首引起主句部分倒装；二是全句的时态经常是用过去完成时，when引导的从句常用过去式。
3. every/each/any time, the next time, the first time, all the time
Every time/ Each time my father comes to Beijing, he goes to visit the Monument to the People's Heroes with respect.
Any time you are in trouble, just turn to me for help..
He'd let me down more than once so the next time he asked me for a favour , I gave him the brush off.
The girl still remembers that she was too nervous the first time she gave a speech in the face of such a big crowd. All the time I'm thinking, we are all obsolete.
【解析】这几个名词短语起连词的功能，切记在前面不能在添加任何的介词，如at any time 等。
4 . before
The American Civil War lasted four years before the North won in the end.
【解析】before意为“在......之前......”，根据句意可译为“过了多久后才.....”
She left the company before I could have a word with her .
【解析】before意为“在......之前......”，根据句意可译为“来不及；尚未.......就.....”
The fire was finally brought under control, but not before heavy damage had been caused.
【解析】before意为“在.......之前.......”，解题时要关注主从句动词的时态。
I’m sorry you’ve been waiting so long，but it’ll still be some time before Brian gets back.
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position .
It was three days before he came back. .
【解析】before 常用于以下句型：
I t will (not ) be +时间段+ before….表示“要过多久/ 不久…才…”
I t was not long + before…表示“不久就….”
I t was +时间段+ before…表示“过了多久才…”
5. since
The number of women dying from breast cancer has fallen to its lowest level since records began in 1971.
【解析】since从句中的谓语动词一般是非延续性动词。
（二）地点状语从句
If you are traveling where the customs are really foreign to your own，please do as the Romans
The Red Cross is expected to send help wherever there is human suffering.
注：1.You' d better make a mark where you have any questions.
主语谓语宾语地点状语从句
2. You'd better make a mark at the place where(=at which) you have any questions.
主语谓语宾语地点状语定语从句（修饰the place)
3. I don't know where I am mistaken.
主语谓语宾语从句
【解析】由以上句式结构的分析，得出第1句为地点状语从句，第2句为定语从句，第3句为宾语从句，要注意这几种从句的区别。
（三）条件状语从句
1.Unless you've tried it，you can’t imagine how pleasant it is.
2. Most birds find it safe to sleep in the trees，but unless they have eggs or young chicks，they don’t use a nest.
3. In time of serious accidents，if we know some basic things about first aid，we can save lives.
4.—Peter told me he wanted to come with us. Is it OK for you?
—I don’t mind as long as he pays for his meals.
5. My parents live in a small village.They always keep candles in the house in case there is a power out.
6. Suppose that this circle is the world, and that the center of the circle is God
7. I shall give you the book on condition that you return it no later than tomorrow.
8.The game is not very difficult once you understand the rules.
9. You can borrow the car, providing that/provided I can have it back by six o'clock.
10. I told him I would work for him only if I could have a finger in the pie.
【解析】unless是考试中的高频考点，要特别关注。
（四）原因状语从句
1.—Did you return Fred’s call? —I didn’t need to because I’ll see him tomorrow.
2. The influence of automobile extends throughout the economy as the car is so important to American people.
3. Since our country has so many good table-tennis players，we have to decide on the best ones to take part in the game.
4. It must be morning for the birds are singing.
5. Now that you are well again, you can travel.
6. How can they learn anything when they spend all their spare time watching television?
7. Given that she is interested in children, I am sure teaching is the right career for her.
8.Seeing (that) he refused to help us, there's no reason why we should now help him.
9. In view of the fact that I was tired, I fell asleep soon.
【解析】（1）
原因词汇
区别位置内涵语气能否回答why 能否被强调
because
主句前.后直接因果关系强能能
Since/now that
主句前双方已知原因较强不能不能
as
主句前.后双方已知原因较弱不能不能
for
主句后补充解释说明弱（并列连词）不能不能（2）例句7中的when，也可以表示原因，意为：since既然，考虑到。
（五）让步状语从句
1、“虽然.....，尽管...... ”
(1).（A) Scientist as/though he is，he is still as modest as before，which always moves all the people who know him.
(2). Unlikely as/though it might seem, I'm tired too.
(3). Much as I like it, I won't buy it, for it's too expensive.
(4). Try as she might, Sue couldn't get the door open.
(5) .Although/though it was raining hard, yet they went on playing football.
(6). He is unhappy, although/though he has a lot of money.
(7). Why does she steal things when she could easily afford to buy them?
(8). While he has won lots of prizes, he still remians modest..
【解析】（1）though 既可以和as互换于表语、谓语或者状语提前的倒装句中，也可以和although 互换放在句首或者句中，也就是though可以用倒装，也可以不用倒装，although一定不能用于倒装。
（2）as 表“虽然”时引导的从句，一定得用倒装，既从句中的表语.状语或者动词原形置于句首，若表语是单数名词，前置时冠词要省略。
（3）Although/though 可以与副词yet, still 连用，但不能与连词but 连用。
（4）when=even though something is true 和while=in spite of the fact that
注：I want to try my hand at politics, or go back to the law. I don't want to go to school for it, though。（副词，非连词，解释为“然而，但是”，常置于句末，带逗号。）
2、“即使......”
（1）Once again he failed to hand in his homework, even though he had been given enough time to do it．
（2）Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice，even if they knew it to be valuable.
3.“不管....; 无论......，尽管......”
（1）Whatever happens, never take an overdose of this medicine. (whatever=not matter what) whatever + 谓语
（2）He always has an eye to making money ,whatever his plans are.
whatever + 主语+ 系动词
（3）Whatever part he is playing, his own character still shows through.
whatever +n.+ 主语+谓语
（4）You should try to get a good night’s sleep however much work (=whatever work) you have to do.
(however=not matter how)
however + much+n. +主+谓
（5）However great the difficulties may be, we can overcome them.
however + adj.+ 主+谓
（6）However much you may beg him, you will get little or nothing.
however +adv.+主+ 谓+宾
【解析】上面的结构分析已经很好地区分了whatever 和however 的区别，特别强调的是，在whatever 的结构当中，如果其后面所加的名词被much修饰，必须改为however。
（7）Wherever you work, you must serve the people whole heatedly. (wherever=not matter where)
（8）As long as I can remember, whenever I called，his wife would answer the phone.(whenever=not matter when)注：以上所有例句中都是让步状语从句，故上文句中“连词+ever可以替换no matter +连词”，但是在状语从句当中，no matter+连词才能够替换连词+ever，名词性从句当中则不可以。换句说，“no matter+连词”只能引导状语从句，“连词+ever”既可以引导状语从句（=no matter+连词），也可以引导名词性从句。（9）Whoever breaks the school windows will be in trouble!
主语从句系动词表语
（10）I' ll find the person who did this, whoever(=no matter who) he is.
主谓宾定状语从句
（11）Look, Kate, I am calling the doctor, whether you like it or not.
（12）In spite of the fact that it is snowing, she is going out for a walk.,
（13）Despite the fact tha t she is short, she is an excellent basketball player.
（六）比较状语从句
（1）She is as kind as the Princess Snow White, as smart as Blue Sprite, as brave as Hua Mulan.
（2）Practical lessons, like cookery, are not considered as important as maths.
（3）Our success was considered not so much to your help as to our cooperation
（4）The new stadium being built for the next Asian Games will be three times as big as the present one.
（5）Peter's jacket looked just the same as Jack's, but it cost twice as much as his.
（6）No person is either so happy or so unhappy as he imagines.
（7）Your watch is not the same as his.
（8）I never met such a man as your younger brother.
（9）There were not so many tickets available as(they) were asked for.
（10）You seemed to understand human nature as well as(you understand) science.
【解析】as.....as...... 肯定结构，及not so / as ...... as ......否定结构（so....as.... 不能用于肯定结构）的平级比较结构
（11）She studies more diligently than her classmates.
（12）He drives faster and more dangerously than you.
（13）This test is less simple than I expected it to be.
（14）There were more casualties than was reported. (= than it was reported there were)【解析】......形容词/ 副词比较级+ than ......
（15）Taking this medicine helps to relieve his headache, and makes him less ill- tempered than before.
【解析】上下文判断的比较级结构。比如时间状语.条件状语等。
（16）She bought the least expensive towels that she could find.
（17）She is the most active girl in our class.
（18）No other book has had a greater influence on my life.
（19）He has never been so happy as he is today.
（20）This teacher explained the problem more clearly than any other teacher.
（21）He runs as fast as some of classmates in his class
【解析】以上为最高级的结构，句子中都有一个表示范围的结构。
（22）The new city is becoming more and more beautiful.
（23）The more he thought, the angrier he grew.
【解析】“比较级+主语+谓语，比较级+主语+谓语”结构。
（24）I think she's more shy than unfriendly.
（25）Reading is to the mind what exercise is to the body.
（26）She is taller than I by three inches.
【解析】比较级的某些特殊结构。
（27）The students study even harder than before.
【解析】比较级的修饰语常见的有：rather, much, still , even, far, any, a lot, a little, a great deal , by far, a bit, three times 等。
（28）The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
【解析】最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far, nearly, almost, by no means, not really, not quite, nothing like.
（七）方式状语从句
（1）But Americans still talk about “fall” just as people do in some parts of western England
（2）The mountain appears as if it were covered with snow.
（3）They live as if they will never die, and die as though they had never lived.
（4）I feel as if I have a fever.
【解析】as if 或as though 引导的从句中一般用虚拟语气，但如果所表达的情况有可能发生，也可用陈述语气，如最后一个例句。
（八）目的状语从句
（1）I'd like to arrive 20 minutes early so that I can have time for a cup of tea.
（2）You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all.
（3）He worked hard for fear that he should fail
（4）I will not make a noise lest I (should) disturb you.
（5）Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
【解析】常用的连词有：so that（以便），in order that（为了；以便），lest（免得；唯恐），for fear that（生怕；以免）,从句的谓语常含有may, might, can, could, should, would等情态动词
（九）结果状语从句
（1）There is so rapid an increase in population that a food shortage is caused.
=There is such an rapid increase in population that a food shortage is caused
（2）He earned so little money that he couldn't support his family.
（3）Tom is so selfish that he is always ignoring other's feelings.
【解析】so+adj.+a/an+n.+that....;
so+many/much/little/few(多或者少）+n.+that... ;
so +adj./adv.+that......;
（4）Mike is such an honest worker that we all believe him.
= Mike is so honest a worker that we all believe him.
（5）They are such fine teachers that we all respect them.
（6）It is such fine weather that we all want to go to the park.
【解析】such+a/an+adj.+n.+that......
such+ n.(pl)/ u.n.+that......
（7）The company doubled its sales force with the result that the sales rise by 26%.
三、状语从句的解题策略
前面我们已经知道什么是从句了，尤其是主语从句，表语从句，宾语从句和定语从句
这一节总结一下状语从句。如何判断是考状语从句的题呢？您就这样想算了，选项中出现的连词个数有很多，范围也很大Before，While，Since，by the time，no matter what，as long as，once
in case，even though，although等，一般这个题是考状语从句的题目。
提醒您：既然是状语，那么横线后的那个句子一般是不会缺少主语，宾语，表语，它们就是只缺少状语，也就是说句子中就是缺少一个连接句子的词，因此你只要把选项的意思带到句子中看看哪个意思最好就是答案。
例题：
My parents don’t mind what job I do ______I am happy.
A. even though
B. as soon as
C. as long as
D. as though
选项中出现的连词A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though
这个是考状语从句的题了。横线后I am happy.是主系表结构，缺状语。even though即使，尽管
as soon as一.....就as long as只要as though好像。
把词语带进去句子中，发现只有as long as只要翻译通顺-------我的父母亲不介意我从事啥工作，只要我过得幸福。
【解析】状语从句常考的连词有：when, while, before, unless, as, because,
四、状语从句的经典考题
1. I don't believe we've met before, _______ I must say you do look familiar.
A. therefore
B. although
C. since
D. unless
2. This restaurant wasn't _______ that other restaurant we went to.
A. half as good as
B. as half good as
C. as good as half
D. good as half as
3. I had hardly got to the office ___ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A. when
B. than
C. until
D. after
4.—Look at those clouds!
—Don’t worry. ______ it rains, we’ll still have a great time.
A. Even if
B.As though
C. In case
D. If only
5. It is hard for the Greek government to get over the present difficulties ____ it gets more financial support from the European Union.
A. if
B. unless
C. because
D. since
6. The map is one of the best tools a man has he goes to a new place.
A. whenever
B. whatever
C. wherever
D. however
7. Everything was placed exactly ___________he wanted it for the graduation ceremony.
A. while
B. when
C. where
D. though
8. One’s life has value ________ one brings value to the life of others.
A. so that
B. no matter how
C. as long as
D. except that
9. ________ I always felt I would pass the exam, I never thought I would get an A.
A. While
B. Once
C. If
D. Until
10. ________ hard you try, it is difficult to lose weight without cutting down the amount you eat.
A. However
B. Whatever
C. Whichever
D. Whenever
11. Hot _______ the night air was, we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.
A. although
B. as
C. while
D. however
12. — Coach, can I continue with the training?
—Sorry, you can’t ________ you haven’t recovered from the knee injure.
A. until
B. before
C. because
D. unless
13. Mike was usually so careful, ______this time he made a small mistake.
A. yet
B. still
C. even
D. thus
14.Leave your key with your neighbor you lock yourself out one day.
A. as long as
B. even though
C. in case
D. as if
15.The field research will take Joan and Paul about five months; it will be a long time______ we meet them again.
A. after
B. since
C. before
D. when
【参考答案】BAAAB ACCAA BCACC
2020高考状语从句精讲精练 一．高考链接： 1.(2020北京)Leave your key with a neighbour________you lock yourself out one day. A.ever since B.even if C.soon after D.in case 答案：D句意：留一把钥匙给你的邻居以防哪天你忘了带钥匙进不了门。A、B、C三项均不符合题意，只有D项表示“以防，以免”符合逻辑，故选择D. 2.(2020天津) It is d ifficult for us to learn a lesson in life_______we’ve actually had that lesson . A.until B.after C.since D.when 答案：A句意：在亲身经历之前，我们很难去体会生活中的教训。根据题意，B、C、D项均不符合逻辑，只有A项最佳。只是对于until的考查已不再像过去那样考查not…until句型，由此题看出，对该词的考查已趋于复杂。 3.(2020上海)Pop music is such an important part of society________it has even influced our language . A.as B.that C.which D.where 答案：B句意：流行音乐是社会中如此重要的一部分以至于它影响了我们的语言。本题考查“such…that”句型，that引导结果状语从句。本题考生很可能误选A，构成“such…as”结构，但该结构中的as引导的是定语从句，而定语从句需是一个残缺的句子，it has even influence our language并不残缺，故选A项错误。4.(2020北京) He found it increasingly difficult to read,_________his eyesight was beginning to fail. A.and B.for C.but D.or 答案：B for 在此处为并列连词，解释前一句的情况。 5.(2020湖南) I had just stepped out of the bathroom and was busy drying myself with a towel______ I heard the steps.
高中英语语法精讲精练(一倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. A. the game had begun B. the game began
C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. A. did he make B. he made C. had he made D. he had made 8. --- What happened to his new car? --- No sooner _______ it than someone ran into it.
t 条件状语从句 一、 条件状语从句通常由 if （如果）, unless （除非），as long as （只要）引导。 例如：If it rains tomorrow, we won ’go to the park. 如果明天下雨，我们就不去公园了。 Unless weather stops me, I go for a walk every. 我每天都会去散步，除非遇上坏天气。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance as long as we try our best. 小试牛刀：1、只要我们竭尽全力，父母就会满意我们的表现。 Our parents will be pleased with our performance _____ _____ ______ we try our best. 2、如果人人为保护环境做出贡献，世界将会变得更美好。______ ______ ______ _____ _______ to protecting the environment, the world will become much more beautiful. 二、if 引导的条件状语从句 （1）“if 从句+祈使句”的句子。其实，if 作为一个连词，主句也可以是其他形式的句子。 例如：If you want to go, please let me know. If the green light isn ’t on, wait for a minute. (2)“祈使句 + and (or)+ 陈述句” 在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。 注意：A. “祈使句 + and + 陈述句”可以转化为 if 引导的肯定条件状语从句，而且主语是第二人称。 B. “祈使句 + or + 陈述句”可以转化为 if 引导的否定条件状语从句，而且主语是第二人称。 例如：Study hard and you will pass the exam. =If you study hard, you will pass the exam. Hurry up, or you ’ll be late. =If you don ’t hurry up, you ’ll be late. 考题 (2010 重庆中考)Work hard ，________ you may catch up with your classmates soon. A.or B.but C.and D.yet 思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意为“努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的”，and 在句中表示承接 关系，所以选 C 项。答案：C 黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“祈使句＋or”，这个句型的含义是“……，不然的话/否则……”。 绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加 and ，也可以加 or ，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定。 小试牛刀：用 if 连接下列句子 1、Go to bed early and you will have a good rest. 2、Hurry up, or you ’ll miss the bus. 三、if 从句与主句具有以下特点： 1．If 从句中用一般现在时，表示未来的一种条件，从句中可以加时间状语。 e.g.If yo u can’t come tomorrow, we can hold the party a little later.明天你如果不能来，我们可迟一点举行宴会。
高中英语语法精讲精练
高中英语语法精讲精练 (一) 倒装句与强调结构 (2) (二) 定语从句 (8) (三) 分词与动名词 (13) (四) 动词不定式 (19) (五) 情态动词 (25) (六) 虚拟语气 (31) (八) 名词性从句和状语从句 (37) (九)冠词、名词 (43) (十)代词、形容词和副词 (49) 答案 (55) 17
(一) 倒装句与强调结构 1._______ smoking, he would not have got cancer in the lung. A. Was he given up B. Had he given up C. Did he give up D. If he gave up 2. Only when he had done it _______ that he had made a mistake. A. he then realized B. did he realize C. before D. he realized 3. Not until he got off the bus ______ that he had got his wallet stolen. A. he found B. did he find C. he had found D. had he found 4. Hardly ______ when it started raining. 17
A. the game had begun B. the game began C. did the game begin D. had the game begun 5. Nowhere else in the world _____ more friendly people than in China. A. you will find B. can you be able to find C. you may have found D. can you find 6. ______ did the students realize they were mistaken. A. It was until B. It was not until then C. Not until then D. Not until 7. Not only ______ a promise, but he also kept it. 17
状语从句一． 二．分类：
adv.+that （如此……以致） so that （结果……） such+n.+that （如果……以致） that （所以，因此） 让步状语从句： though/although 不可同but 连用。 though/although （虽然） however （可是） even though/if （即使） no matter+what/which/where/who/when =whatever/whichever/wherever/whoever/whenever （不论什么/哪一个/哪里/谁/何时） 比较状语从句： as （正如） as…as （和……一样） not as/so … as （不如……） than （比……更） the+比较级…+the+比较级 （越……越……） 条件状语从句： if （假设） unless （如果不） so long as （只要） on condition that （如果） 方式状语从句： as （像……那样地） just as （正像） as if （好像） as though （好像） 三． 四． 各种状语从句的简化方法：
1． 2．以after和before引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于after/before+doing sth. 作状语。 例：After she sang，she left the rich man's house．= After singing，she left the rich man's house．3． 4．以as soon as引导的状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于on+doing sth.,作状语，此时的动词为非延续性动词。 例：Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers as soon as he arrived at the village． = Mary began to operate on the wounded soldiers on arriving at the village． 5． 6．时间状语从句和条件状语从句的主语和主句主语一致时，有时可简化为不定式作状语。 例：She stopped when she saw her husband．= She stopped to see her husband． If you want to understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． = To understand the farmers，you must go to the countryside． 7． 8．结果状语从句和目的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可以简化为不定式作状语；若两者主语不一致时，则应简化为不定式的复合结构作状语。 例：He was so tired that he couldn't go any further．= He was too tired to go any further． I came here so that I could ask some questions．= I came here(in order) to ask some questions．9． 10．以when，while引导的时间状语从句和以if引导的条件状语从句的主语若与主句主语一致时，从句等于when/while/if +doing sth.作状语，表示谓语动作发生在该状语动作的进行过程之中。例：When he turned on the radio，he found it broken．= When turning on the radio，he found it broken．While she was walking along the street，she was hit by a car．= While walking along the street，she was hit by a car． 11．原因状语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，可简化为分词短语作状语。 例：Since l didn't know Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English．= Not knowing Chinese，I tried to speak to her in English． 注意：形容词短语也可作表示原因的状语，来代替原因状语从句，放在句首、句末均可，但一般应加逗号。 例：As he was thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． = Thirsty and eager to get a little rest，he went into the tea-house． 12．在时间、原因、条件等状语从句中，若从句和主句主语不一致时，可简化为分词复合结构作状语。有时也可简化为“with/without名词或代词十分词(短语)”形式作状语。 例：When the film start appeared, the children got exited．= The film start appearing，the children got exited． If all the work is done, you can have a rest．= With all the work done，you can have a rest． Nothing can live if there is no air．= Nothing can live without air．
初中英语：条件状语从句 一．条件状语从句的概念 条件状语从句，即在某种条件下，一件事情可能发生。在英语中由连接词if或unless等 引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。条件是指某一件事情实现之后（状语从句中），一件事 情（主句）才能发生，通常译作“假如，只要，如果”等意思。条件状语从句中，主从句的时 态要遵循“主将从现”的原则。即，主句是将来时态时，从句用一般现在时代替将来时态。 二.条件状语从句的引导词 1.If conj . 如果，假如 If you ask him，he will help you．如果你请他帮忙，他会帮你的。 If you fail in the exam，you will let him down．如果你考试不及格，你会让他失望的。 2.unless conj.除非,若不,除非在……的时候（if ...not...） You will fail to arrive there in time unless you start earlier. 如果你不早点动身,你就不能及时赶到那儿。Unless it rains, the game will be played. 除非下雨,比赛将照常进行。 3.so/as long as conj.只要 You may borrow my book as long as you keep it clean. 只要你保持书的清洁，你就可以把我的书借去。 三．关于条件句的时态，常见的有以下三种情况： 1、条件状语从句的主句是一般将来时，那么从句常常用一般现在时。 When I grow up, I’ll be a nurse and look after patients. 我长大后要当一名护士，照顾病人。 2、如果主句是祈使句，那么从句通常要用一般现在时。 If you want to have a chat ,call me up. 如果你想聊天，打我电话。 3、如果主句是含有情态动词时，根据需要从句多用一般现在时。 You should be quiet when you are in the reading room. 在阅览室时应保持安静。 四．知识拓展 1在以when，before，as soon as等引导的时间状语从句，也适用“主将从现”原则，即如果主句是一般将来时，从句则用一般现在时。 I'll tell her the good news when she comes back. 当她回来的时候，我将把这个好消息告诉她。 she will give you a call as soon as she returns. 她一回来就会给你电话。 2.If条件句的同义句：祈使句，and /or+将来时态的陈述句。 Work hard ,and you will make great progress.= If you work hard,you will make great progress. 如果你努力学习，你才会取得大的进步。 Hurry up, or you will be late.=If you don’t hurry up.you will be late.如果你不快点，你就要迟到了。
动名词 《语法讲解》 一、动名词的句法功能 动名词具有名词的性质，因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等。(一)、作主语 1）直接位于句首做主语。 Reading is an art. 读书是一种艺术。 Climbing mountains is really fun. 爬山真是有趣。 〖注意〗：动名词做主语时，谓语动词为单数 2）用it 作形式主语，把动名词(真实主语)置于句尾作后置主语。 It is no use/no good crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收 It is fun playing with children. 和孩子们一起玩真好。 式）。 3）动名词的复合结构作主语 当动名词有自己的逻辑主语时，常可以在前面加上一个物主代词或名词所有格，构成动名词的复合结构。动名词的复合结构也可以在句中作主语。例如：Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us. 他们前来帮忙对我们来说是极大的鼓舞。 Lao Li’s going there won’t be of much help. 老李去不会有多大帮助。 （二）、作宾语 （1）作动词的宾语 *某些动词后出现非限定性动词时只能用动名词作宾语，不能用不定式。常见的此类动词有：advise, suggest, allow, permit, avoid, consider, enjoy, finish, cannot help, imagine, include, keep, keep on, mind, miss, delay, practise, resist, postpone(推迟)，deny(否认), appreciate (欣赏，感激), escape, excuse, pardon, can’t stan d, put off, give up等。如： Would you mind opening the window?吧窗户打开好吗？ She suggested going to the Great Wall for the spring outing. 她建议去长城春游。 Seeing the picture, he couldn’t help laughing. 看了这幅画，他禁不住大笑起来。*在下面这种结构中也可以用动名词（短语）做宾语：find/think/consider… + it （形式宾语）+ no use/no good/useless… + v.ing（真正宾语）. I found it pleasant walking along the seashore. 在海滩上走真是乐事。 Do you consider it any good trying again? 你认为再试一次有好处吗？ *形容词worth后也可接动名词，作为复合谓语的宾语。 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。（2）作介词的宾语 *能接动名词的短语有：think of/about, dream of/about, hear of, prevent/keep/stop…from…, depend on, set about, succeed (in), worry about, burst out,
1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesn't get much exercise. A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as 2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the day, ______ accompanied by an adult. A. once B. when C. if D. unless 3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problem C. However serious a problem D. What serious a problem of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she got to her office． A．since B．that C．when D．until* m John thinks it won’t be long he is ready for his new job. A. when B. after C. before D. since 6. Today, we will begin ________we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out. A. when B. where C. how D. what 7. She had just finished her homework her mother asked her to practice playing the piano yesterday. A. when B. while C. after D. since 8. My parents don’t mind what job I do I am happy. A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 9. You can’t borrow books from the s chool library ______ you get your student card. A. before B. if C. while D. as 10. All the dishes in this menu, otherwise stated, will serve two to three people. A. as B. if C. though D. unless of the financial crisis, days are gone _ _ local 5-star hotels charged 6,000 yuan for
if 引导的条件状语从句（讲义） 状语 用来表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，通常由 副词或介词短语充当，也可由一个句子充当。 I slept at home yesterday because I had a bad cold. 状语从句 状语从句指句子作状语。 根据其作用可分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、 方式等从句。 状语从句一般由连词（从属连词）引导。 I will go to school by bike tomorrow if it is sunny. Grammar focus —I think I ' ll take the bus to the party. —If you do, you ' ll be late. If you take the bus to the party, you —I think I ' ll stay at home. —If you do, you ' ll be sorry. If you stay at home, you ' ll be sorry. —What will happe n if they have the party today? ——If they have it today, half the class won —Should we ask people to bring food? —If we ask people to bring food, they and chocolate. 1 if 在本单元句中意为“ _______________ ； _______ ”，用于引导 即if 引导的是一个完整的句子，所以一定要有主谓，成为从 句，另一个句子则成为主句。 If you go there, I ' ll go, too. We will go hiking if it doesn ' t rain tomorrow. If Bob leaves tomorrow, I will hold a party for him toni ght. 2 if 引导的条件状语从句既可以放在主句前，也可放在主句后。 但是如果放在主句前，即句首时，从句后面要用 与主句 隔开。 You will keep healthy if you do more exercise. If you do more ll be late. t come. ll just bring potato chips
专题十状语从句和并列句常考点 状语从句是一项较大的语法项目，也是近几年高考题中常见的一个重要试点。由从句担任的状语，在句子中可修饰谓语(或其他动词)、形容词、副词或是整个句子。一般可分为九大类，分别表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。尽管种类较多，但由于状语从句与汉语结构和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不难。掌握状语从句的关键是要掌握引导不同状语从句的常用连接词和特殊的连接词。 1状语从句中从属连词when， while，as的多种含义 when：当……时候；就在那时；既然；虽然；在……之后； as：一边……一边；随着；虽然；因为；依照，如……； while：在……期间；而；虽然。
用when，while和as填空： ①He will take my place ________ I am away. ②I was having my lunch ________ the fire alarm went off. ③________ you have finished your work，you may have a rest. ④________ he swam，he cried for help. ⑤________ the Internet is of great help，I don't think it good to spend too much time on it. 【答案】①while②when③When④As⑤While 2as引导让步状语从句 as引导让步状语从句时要倒装，若是倒装，需将所强调的成分即名词(句首名词不能有任何冠词)、形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前。 [注]①though引导状语从句可以倒装也可以不倒装，although不能引起倒装。 ②as，though，although引导从句时，后面的主句不能有but，但可以和still，yet 连用。
2021年高考英语语法精讲精练专题八动词的时态和语态动词的时态和语态是高考必考考点。时态（tense）是一种动词形式，同一动词的不同变化形式表达不同的时态，英语中有16种时态。《xx年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中对于时态列了十项：（1）一般现在时（2）一般过去时（3）一般将来时（4）现在进行时（5）过去进行时（6）过去将来时（7）将来进行时（8）现在完成时（9）过去完成时（10）现在完成进行时；此外还列了被动语态，并将其作为单独一项。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第61题（语法填空）考查了动词arrive的一般过去时arrived；第71题（短文改错）考查了think变为过去时thought；第75题（短文改错）考查了被动语态，删掉been；第79题（短文改错）考查了将动词过去时的found变为现在时的find。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第62题（语法填空）考查了allow的一般过去时的被动语态was allowed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将过去时had变为现在时的have；77题（短文改错）考查了将using变为被动used。 xx年高考全国卷Ⅰ第64题（语法填空）考查了remove的一般现在时的被动语态are removed；第74题（短文改错）考查了将动词goes变成一般过去时went。 各种时态构成表：（以do为例）
一、一 般现在时：动词原形或第三人称单数 1．构成：使用动词原形，第三人称单数须有变化。 （1）直接加“s”：work→works，take→takes （2）以辅音加“y”结尾，变“y”为“i”，再加“es”：car ry→carries （3）以“o, s, x, ch, sh”结尾的动词加“es”：go→goes，dress→dresses，watch→watches， finish→finishes
高中英语语法专项训练----状语从句 1.Don’t be afraid of asking for help _______ it is needed. A. unless B. since C. although D. when 2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listeners’ curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. until 3. _______ I know the money is safe, I shall not worry about it. A. Even though B. Unless C. As long as D. while 4 You will succeed in the end ____ you give up halfway. A. even if B. as though C. as long as D. unless 5.“Was his father very strict with him when he was at school?” “Yes. He had never praised him _______ he became one of the top students in his grade.” A. after B. unless C. until D. when 6. _____ I suggest, he always disagrees. A. However B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Whoever 7. You should put on the notices ______ all the people may see them. A. where B. in which C. at D. for them 8. _____ she goes, there are crowds of people waiting to see her. A. Wherever B. However C. Whichever D. Whoever 9. Mary clapped her hand over her mouth _______ she realized what she had said. A. while B. as soon as C. suddenly D. then 10.________ her faults, she’s Arnold’s mother. Don’t be so rude to her.
高考必考语法精讲精练专题十一：并列句与状语从句(含解析) -CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN
高考必考语法精讲精练 语法专题十一：并列句与状语从句 状语从句是比较重要的语法项目。《2017年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试大纲》附录语法项目表中将状语从句列为必考项。全国卷新课标Ⅰ对状语从句的考查一般在完形填空、语法填空和短文改错中，主要考查从句引导词的用法。 2015年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。 2016年高考全国卷Ⅰ第43题（完形填空）考查了状语从句引导词Since /Although /As /If的选择。 2017年高考全国卷Ⅰ没有考查状语从句。 一、并列句 (一) 并列连词 ①They come from the same country，and they are good friends. ②I was glad to meet Jenny again, but I didn't want to spend all day with her.(2013·新课标卷Ⅱ) ③It must have rained last night, for it is wet all over. ④Yesterday, I forgot to pick my daughter up, so she waited in the kindergarten for nearly two hours. ⑤Would you like to leave or would you like to stay? 规律总结： 1．表示并列、顺承关系的并列连词有and。 2. 表示转折关系常用的并列连词有but, yet(然而), whereas(然而，但是), while(然而)等。 3．表示因果关系的并列连词有for, so等。 4．表示选择关系常用的并列连词有or, either ... or ..., not ... but, neither ... nor ...等。 (二) 祈使句＋and/or/otherwise句式 ①Work hard and you will succeed. ＝If you work hard, you will succeed. ②Hurry up or we will be late. ＝If you don't hurry up, we will be late. ③A few more efforts and you will succeed. ＝If you make a few more efforts, you will succeed. 规律总结： 1．祈使句＋and＋陈述句＝If ...，＋主句。 2．祈使句＋or/otherwise＋陈述句＝If ... not ...，＋主句。 二、状语从句
状语从句 一．分类： 种类连接词注意区别： 时间状语when/whenever/while/as/before/after/instantly /until/till/by the time/as soon as/hardly…when /no sooner…than/the moment/the minute/immediately 有一些表示时间的名词短语也可用来引导时间状语从句： the?minute,?the?moment,?every?time,?the?first?time 例：The?moment?he?reached?the?country,?he?started?his? search. 他一到达这个国家，就开始他的探寻工作。 有一些表示时间的副词也可用来引导时间状语从句： directly 例：Directly?the?master?came?in,?everyone?was?quiet. 校长一进来，?大家就安静下来 as和when、while： as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词。当从句的动作发生于主句 之前，只能用when 引导这个从句，不可用as 或while。从 示"随时间推移"连词能用as，不用when 或while。 till/until和not…till/until： until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 地点 状语 where//wherever where，表示某一个；wherever，表示任何一个。 原因状语Because/as/since/now that/for because和since、for、as、now that： because语势最强，用来说明人所不知的原因，回答why提 问题。当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知，就用as或si 由because引导的从句如果放在句末，且前面有逗号，则可以用 来代替。但如果不是说明直接原因，而是多种情况加以推断 只能用for。now that都表示“既然”now that一定要是现在 的，since可以是现在，也可以是过去和现在。 条件状语if/unless/once/in case/as long as/on condition that 多用一般时态，如果表示一般将来的情况，就用一般现在时 果表示过去将来的情况，就用一般过去时。 目的状语(so) that,/in order that/for fear that/in case/lest so that和in order that后常接may, should, could, would等情 词 结果状语so…that, such…that 其规律由so与such的不同词性决定。such 是形容词，修饰 或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。so 还可 示数量的形容词many, few, much, little连用，形成固定搭配 比较 状语 Than/not so//as…as//the more…the more Your watch is not the same as his.(the same as结构)方式 状语 as if, as though, as, (just)as---so，as if 和as though引导的从句一般用虚拟语气。 让步状语 Though/although/even if/even though/ as//, no matter what/who/which/how/when，whatever/whoever /whichever/however/whenever ，whether---or---（不管---- 都） as在让步状语从句中常用倒装形式；although和though用正 序，可和yet连用，但不可和but连用 时间状语从句：
Grammar —Adverbial Clause 状语从句 定义：用“引导词 +陈述语序”作状语 状语：修饰动作，把句子“壮大” He speaks English well .（方式状语） The sun rises i n the east and sets in the west .（地点状语）九种状语从句：时间、地点、原因、结果、方式、目的、条件、让步、比较Ilove you you love me (1)when —时间状语 (2)where —地点状语 (3)because —原因状语 (4)so —结果状语 (5)as —方式状语 (6)inorderthat —目的状语 (7) I will love you if you love me. —条件状语 (8) I won ’ t love you even if you love me. —让步状语 (9)more than —比较状语 意思不同，形式不同，形意相关 I read English loudlyin the open airevery morning.
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Grammar —Adverbial Clause 方式状语地点状语时间状语 用从句形式当状语，即状语从句 (一)时间状语从句引导词 till, until A until B ： A 一直延续到 B 出现或发生就停止 I sleptuntilnoon. I didn ’ t go to bed until midnight. I entered the room until 6:30. I didn ’ t enter the room until 6:30. as soon as, the minute, the moment, the instant, immediately, directly no sooner ? than, hardly ? when, scarcely ? when(结合倒装句 ) before, after, 完成 +since( 自从 )+过去时间 --what was the party like? --Wonderful. It ’ s yearsI enjoyed myself so much. A. after B. before C. when D. since