机械手外文翻译

机械臂的外文文献以及翻译附件1：外文资料翻译译文机械手机械手是近几十年发展起来的一种高科技自动化生产设备。

工业机械手是工业机器人的一个重要分支。

它的特点是可通过编程来完成各种预期的作业任务，在构造和性能上兼有人和机器各自的优点，尤其体现了人的智能和适应性。

机械手作业的准确性和各种环境中完成作业的能力，在国民经济各领域有着广阔的发展前景。

随着工业自动化的发展, 出现了数控加工中心,它在减轻工人的劳动强度的同时, 大大提高了劳动生产率。

但数控加工中常见的上下料工序, 通常仍采用人工操作或传统继电器控制的半自动化装置。

前者费时费工、效率低; 后者因设计复杂, 需较多继电器,接线繁杂, 易受车体振动干扰,而存在可靠性差、故障多、维修困难等问题。

可编程序控制器PLC控制的上下料机械手控制系统动作简便、线路设计合理、具有较强的抗干扰能力, 保证了系统运行的可靠性,降低了维修率, 提高了工作效率。

机械手技术涉及到力学、机械学、电气液压技术、自动控制技术、传感器技术和计算机技术等科学领域，是一门跨学科综合技术。

一、工业机械手的概述机械手是一种能自动化定位控制并可重新编程序以变动的多功能机器，它有多个自由度，可用来搬运物体以完成在各个不同环境中工作。

在工资水平较低的中国，塑料制品行业尽管仍属于劳动力密集型，机械手的使用已经越来越普及。

那些电子和汽车业的欧美跨国公司很早就在它们设在中国的工厂中引进了自动化生产。

但现在的变化是那些分布在工业密集的华南、华东沿海地区的中国本土塑料加工厂也开始对机械手表现出越来越浓厚的兴趣，因为他们要面对工人流失率高，以及为工人交工伤费带来的挑战。

随着我国工业生产的飞跃发展，特别是改革开发以后，自动化程度的迅速提高，实现工件的装卸、转向、输送或操作钎焊、喷枪、扳手等工具进行加工、装配等作业自化，已愈来愈引起我们重视。

机械手是模仿着人手的部分动作，按给定的程序、轨迹和要求实现自动抓取、搬运或操作的自动机械装置。

密级分类号编号成绩本科生毕业设计 (论文)外文翻译原文标题Simple Manipulator And The Control Of It 译文标题简易机械手及控制作者所在系别机械工程系作者所在专业xxxxx作者所在班级xxxxxxxx作者姓名xxxx作者学号xxxxxx指导教师姓名xxxxxx指导教师职称副教授完成时间2012 年02 月北华航天工业学院教务处制译文标题简易机械手及控制原文标题 Simple Manipulator And The Control Of It作者机电之家译名JDZJ国籍中国原文出处机电之家中文译文：简易机械手及其控制随着社会生产力的持续进步和人们生活节奏的日益加快,人们对生产效率也提出了新要求。

而由于微电子技术和计算软、硬件技术的迅速发展和现代控制理论的不断完善,使得机械手技术也快速发展起来,其中气动机械手系统由于其介质来源简便且无污染、组件价格低廉、维修方便以及系统安全可靠等特点,已渗透到工业领域的各个部门,在工业发展中占有重要地位。

本文讲述的气动机械手由气控机械手、XY轴丝杠组、转盘机构、旋转基座等机械部分组成。

主要作用是完成机械部件的搬运工作,能使用于各种不同的生产线或物流流水线中,使得零件搬运、货物运输更快捷、便利。

一.四轴联动简易机械手的结构及动作过程机械手结构如下图1所示,有气控机械手(1)、XY轴丝杠组(2)、转盘机构(3)、旋转基座(4)等组成。

图1.机械手结构其运动控制方式为：(1)由伺服电机驱动可旋转角度为360°的气控机械手(有光电传感器确定起始0点);(2)由步进电机驱动丝杠组件使机械手沿X、Y轴移动(有x、y轴限位开关);(3)可回旋360°的转盘机构能带动机械手及丝杠组自由旋转(其电气拖动部分由直流电动机、光电编码器、接近开关等组成);(4)旋转基座主要支撑以上3部分;(5)气控机械手的张合由气压控制(充气时机械手抓紧,放气时机械手松开)。

机械类英语翻译3D coordinate measurement 三次元量床 boring machine 搪孔机 cncmilling machine CNC铣床 contouring machine 轮廓锯床 copy grinding machine 仿形磨床 copy lathe 仿形车床 copy milling machine 仿形铣床 copy shaping machine 仿形刨床 cylindrical grinding machine 外圆磨床 die spotting machine 合模机 drilling machine ?孔机 engraving machine 雕刻机engraving E.D.M. 雕模放置加工机 form grinding machine 成形磨床 graphite machine 石墨加工机 horizontal boring machine 卧式搪孔机horizontal machine center 卧式加工制造中心 internal cylindrical machine 内圆磨床jig boring machine 冶具搪孔机 jig grinding machine 冶具磨床 lap machine 研磨机 machine center 加工制造中心 multi model miller 靠磨铣床NC drilling machine NC钻床 NC grinding machine NC磨床 NC lathe NC车床NC programming system NC程式制作系统 planer 龙门刨床 profile grinding machine 投影磨床 projection grinder 投影磨床 radial drilling machine 旋臂?床 shaper 牛头刨床 surface grinder 平面磨床 try machine 试模机 turret lathe 转塔车床 universal tool grinding machine 万能工具磨床vertical machine center 立式加工制造中心 wire E.D.M. 线割放电加工机Assembly line 组装线 Layout 布置图 Conveyer 流水线物料板 Rivet table 拉钉机 Rivet gun 拉钉枪 Screw driver 起子 Pneumatic screw driver 气动起子 worktable 工作桌 OOBA 开箱检查 fit together 组装在一起 fasten 锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) pallet 栈板 barcode 条码 barcode scanner 条码扫描器fuse together 熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME 制造工程师MT 制造生技cosmetic inspect 外观检查inner parts inspect 内部检查thumb screw 大头螺丝lbs. inch 镑、英寸EMI gasket 导电条front plate 前板rear plate 后板chassis 基座bezel panel 面板power button 电源按键reset button 重置键Hi-pot test of SPS 高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS 电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts 塑胶件SOP 制造作业程序material check list 物料检查表 work cell 工作间trolley 台车carton 纸箱sub-line 支线left fork 叉车personnel resource department 人力资源部production department生产部门 planning department企划部 QC Section 品管科stamping factory冲压厂 painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备 uncoiler and straightener整平机 punching machine 冲床 robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机 lathe车床planer |plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花 welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理 special assistant manager特助 factory director厂长department director部长 deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长 line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运 be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料 to reverse material 翻料 wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料 scraped |\\'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良 manufacture procedure制程 deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |\\' ksi\\'dei?n|氧化 scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良 embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位 stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力 education and training教育与训练 proposal improvement提案改善 spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车下面是赠送的保安部制度范本,不需要的可以编辑删除!!!!谢谢!保安部工作制度一、认真贯彻党的路线、方针政策和国家的法津法觃,按照####年度目标的要求,做好####的安全保卫工作,保护全体人员和公私财物的安全,保持####正常的经营秩序和工作秩序。

第一章概述1. 1机械手的发展历史人类在改造自然的历史进程中，随着对材料、能源和信息这三者的认识和用，不断创造各种工具（机器），满足并推动生产力的发展。

工业社会向信息社会发展，生产的自动化，应变性要求越来越高，原有机器系统就显得庞杂而不灵活，这时人们就仿造自身的集体和功能，把控制机、动力机、传动机、工作机综合集中成一体，创造了“集成化”的机器系统——机器人。

从而引起了生产系统的巨大变革，成为“人——机器人——劳动对象”，或者“人——机器人——动力机——工作机——劳动对象”。

机器人技术从诞生到现在，虽然只有短短三十几年的历史，但是它却显示了旺盛的生命力。

近年来，世界上对于发展机器人的呼声更是有增无减，发达国家竞相争先，发展中国家急起直追。

许多先进技术国家已先后把发展机器人技术列入国家计划，进行大力研究。

我国的机器人学的研究也已经起步，并把“机器人开发研究”和柔性制造技术系统和设备开发研究等与机器人技术有关的研究课题列入国家“七五”、“八五”科技发展计划以及“八六三”高科技发展计划。

工业机械手是近代自动控制领域中出现的一项新技术，并已经成为现代机械制造生产系统中的一个重要组成部分。

这种新技术发展很快，逐渐形成一门新兴的学科——机械手工程。

1. 2机械手的发展意义机械手的迅速发展是由于它的积极作用正日益为人们所认识：其一、它能部分地代替人工操作；其二、它能按照生产工艺的要求，遵循一定的程序、时间和位置来完成工件的传送和装卸；其三、它能操作必要的机具进行焊接和装配。

从而大大地改善工人的劳动条件，显著地提高劳动生产率，加快实现工业生产机械化和自动化的步伐。

因而，受到各先进工业国家的重视，投入大量的人力物力加以研究和应用。

近年来随着工业自动化的发展机械手逐渐成为一门新兴的学科，并得到了较快的发展。

机械手广泛地应用于锻压、冲压、锻造、焊接、装配、机加、喷漆、热处理等各个行业。

特别是在笨重、高温、有毒、危险、放射性、多粉尘等恶劣的劳动环境中，机械手由于其显著的优点而受到特别重视。

Industrial Robots1.Manipulator overview of RobotsIt is the ancient robot in early appearance and developed on the basis of research into the middle of the twentieth century manipulator, along with the computer and automation technology development, especially the first digital electronic computer in 1946, since the advent of computer made amazing progress, to high speed, high capacity, low price direction. Meanwhile, the urgent demand of mass production of promoting automation technology progress, and for the development of robots laid a foundation. On the other hand, nuclear technology research requires certain operating machine instead of people handle the radioactive substances. In this one requirement background, the United States is developed in 1947, in 1948 and remote control robot developed mechanical master-slave manipulator.From the United States began developing manipulators first. In 1954 the United States first suggested the wear wal-mart, and the concept of industrial robot applied for patent. This patent point is using servo technology control of the robot joints, using an action on the robot hands, the robot can realize. Teaching movement recording and playback. This is the so-called demonstration emersion robot. The existing robots are using this kind of control mode. 1958 united control company developed the first manipulator riveting robot. As the earliest practical model robot products (demonstration reappearance) is 1962 U.S. AMF company launched "VERSTRAN" and UNIMATION company launched "UNIMATE". These industrial robot mainly by similar man's hands and arms who composed it can replace the hard labor in order to achieve production mechanization and automation, can in harmful environment operation to protect the personal safety and thus widely used in mechanical manufacturing, metallurgy, electronics, light industry and atomic energy and other departments.Industrial robot CaoZuoJi (by mechanical body), controller, servo drive system and detection sensor, making it a humanoid operation, automatic control, can repeat programming, can finish all kinds of assignments in 3d space the electromechanical integration automation production equipment. Particularly suitable for many varieties, change of flexible production batch. It to help stabilize, improve product quality, raise efficiency in production, improve working conditions and product rapid renewal plays an extremely important role.Robotic technology is integrated with computer, cybernetics, organization learning, information and sensing technology, artificial intelligence, bionics science and the formation of high technology and new technology, is a very active, contemporary study applied more and more widely. Robot applications, is a national industrial automation level of important symbol.Robot and not in the simple sense of labor, but replace artificial comprehensive people skills and machine a personification of the specialty of electronic machinery, already someone on the environment condition of rapid reaction and the analysis judgment ability, and a machine could be longer duration of work, high precision and the ability of resistance to bad environment, in a sense it is also machine process of evolution product, it is an important industrial and the industry production and service, but also set the advanced manufacturing technology field indispensable automation equipment.Manipulator is part of the action imitating the hands, according to the given program, track and demanding acquirement, handling or operation of the automatic mechanical device. In the industrial production of the application of industrial robots called "robot". Application of manipulator can be used to increase production level of automation production and labor productivity: can reduce laborintensity, assure product quality, achieve safety production; Especially in high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure and dust, explosive, toxic gases and radiation etc harsh environment, it instead of human normal work, meaning more significant. Therefore, in the mechanical processing, stamping, casting, forging, welding, heat treatment, electroplating, paint, assembly and light industry, transportation etc widely quoted are increasingly.The structure of the manipulator is simpler, specificity form began, strong for a machine tool's only feeder, and was attached to the machine's special manipulator. Along with the development of industrial technology, made by an independent program control realization repeated operation, suitable scope is wider "program control general manipulator", or general manipulator. Due to the change of general manipulator can quickly working procedures, good adaptability, so it continues to transform the medium and small batch production products gain extensive reference .posed of the manipulator1)ActuatorsHandNamely parts in contact with objects. Due to the different forms of contact with objects, can be divided into clamping type and adsorption the hands. Gripping type hand fingers (or by PAWS) and power transmission institution constitutes. Fingers are in direct contact with the object of components, common finger movement forms have moved back to the transformation of peace. Back to the transformation of simple structure, easy fingers, so application component manufacturing is widely applied translation type, its reason is less complicated structure, but translations type circular parts, fingers clamping workpiece diameter variation do not affect its axis position, therefore appropriate clamping diameter variation range workpiece.Finger structure by grasping object depends on surface shape, caught parts (the profile or within hole) and object weight and dimensions. Common refers to a flat, form the v-shaped finger and surface: the clip type and inside there supporting type; Index has double refers to type, by type and hands of double refers to type, etc.But the force transmission institution is produced by clamping force fingers to accomplish the task. Put objects clips Power transmission institutions are: the more commonly used type sliding channel, connecting lever lever type, bevel gear lever type, type, screw nut upper-and-lower, type spring type and gravity type, etc.Enclosed type hand made mainly by chuck, it is to rely on adsorption force (such as chuck formed in the negative pressure or an electric suction magnetic) adsorption objects, the corresponding adsorption hand have negative pressure and electric disk two kinds of suckers.For light small flake parts, smooth plate materials, usually with negative pressure chuch suck material. The way cause negative pressure air suction and vacuum pump type.To guide magnetic ring type and the plate with a hole, and have such parts of sheet etc (meshes, usually use electro-magnetic chuck suck material. The suction electro magnetic chuch by dc magnets and production. Communication electromagnet.With negative pressure chuch and electro magnetic chuch absorb charge, its shape, quantity, suckers absorbability size, according to adsorb object shape, size and weight size and decide.In addition, according to special needs, the hand and spoon type (such as casting manipulatorpoured bag part), Joe type (such as cold gear machine up-down material manipulator hand) type.WristHand and arm is connected components, and can be used to adjust the position by grasping object (i.e. posture).ArmThe arm is supporting caught objects, hand, an important part of the wrist. The arm's role is to drive to grab objects, and fingers predetermined asks its handling to the location specified. Industrial manipulator arm often moving parts by driving arm (such as oil cylinder, cylinders, rack-and pinion institutions, link mechanism, screw mechanism and CAM mechanism, etc.) and drive source (such as hydraulic and pneumatic or motor, etc.), in order to realize the combined arms all kinds of sports.The arm in telescopic or lifting movement, in order to prevent around its axis rotation, need a guide device, to ensure that the finger on the correct direction movement. In addition, orientation device can bear arms were bending moment and torsion moment when turning or arm movement in start-up, brake generated at the moment of inertia, make the moving parts stress state is simple.Orientation device structure form, commonly used are: single cylinder, double cylindrical, four cylinder and v-shaped chamfer, swallow tail trough etc oriented form.PillarPillar is supporting the arm parts, pillar also can be part of the arm and arm turn movement and lift (or pitch) movement are and pillar are closely linked. Manipulator to usually set for fixed, but need because of the job, sometimes also can make lateral movement, namely called will move a type bar.Walk InstitutionsWhen industrial robots need to complete a remote operation, or expanded use scope, the same seat installation roller, rail, etc, in order to realize the mobile mechanism of the machine movement. Industrial robots Roller type can be divided into the mobile mechanism of sounds and two trolley. Drive roller motion should be additional mechanical transmission device.BaseSeating is basic parts of manipulator, manipulator actuator components and the drive system are installed in on standby, so the role of the support and links.2)Drive systemDrive system is driving industrial robots actuators movement of the power unit, usually by power supply, the control adjusting device and auxiliary device component. The drive system used in hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission, power transmission and mechanical transmission etc 4 form..3)Control systemControl system is dominated by the requirements of industrial robots sport system. At present the control system of industrial robots by process control system and general electric positioning (or mechanical stop pieces positioning) systems. Control system has the electrical control and jet controltwo kinds, it dominates the manipulator procedures stipulated by the movement, according to people and memory of the manipulator instruction information (such as action sequence, trajectory, movement speed and time), and according to the control system of the information instruction executive agencies and, when necessary, the action of manipulator when motion surveillance, any error or fault alarm signal that..4)Position detection deviceControlling manipulator actuator position and keep movement of actuator actual position feedback to control system, and with setting the position to compare, and then adjusted by controlling system, thus make actuators to certain accuracy reached set position.3.Manipulator classificationThere are many kinds of industrial robots, about classification problems, at present in China, not unified classification standard in this temporary by use scope, drive mode and classify control system, etc.1)According to utility centRobots can be divided into special manipulator and general manipulator two:1.special manipulatorIt is attached to the host and have fixed program without independent control system mechanism. Special manipulator with action, less work object single, simple structure and reliable operation and cost low characteristic, suitable for big affiliate, such as automatic machine, automatic line and discharge of robot and 'processing center "the automatic automation production batch cutter replacement manipulator.2. general manipulatorIt is a kind of independent control system, program variable, action flexible manipulator. Through the adjustment may be used in different occasions, driving system and lattice performance range, its actions program is variable, the control system is independent. General manipulator work range, higher precision and versatility, applicable to the production of changing medium and small batch automation production.General manipulator according to the control can be divided into different ways of the positioning of the simple type and servo type two kinds: simple type with "opening and closing" type control positioning, can only be position control: servo type has servo system, can point position control system, also can achieve continuous control path control general servo model gm manipulator belong to nc type.2)According to the driving way points1. hydraulic transmission manipulatorBased on the hydraulic pressure to drive the actuators movement of the manipulator. Its main features are: catch weight of several hundred kg, stable transmission, compact structure, action quick. But for sealing device requirements, otherwise the oil leakage strictly to the working performance of the manipulator has a great influence, and not in work under high temperature, low temperature. If the manipulator by applying electro-hydraulic servo drive system, can achieve continuous trajectory control, make the manipulator, but universal expand electro-hydraulic servo valve manufacturingprecision, oil filter, strict cost are high.2. pneumatic theories.supported manipulator based on pressure of compressed air to drive the actuators movement of the manipulator. Its main features are: media sources is extremely convenient, output force is small, pneumatic action quick, simple structure, low cost. However, due to the air has compressible characteristics and work rate, the poor stability, and impact low air pressure, catch in commonly 30 kilograms heavy weight below, under the same conditions it caught the structure than hydraulic manipulator, so suitable for high-speed, light load, high temperature and dust big environment to work in.3. mechanical transmission manipulatorNamely the mechanical transmission (such as CAM, connecting rod, gear and rack, intermittent mechanism, etc) driven manipulators. It is a kind special the attached to work host manipulator, its power is passed by working machinery. Its main characteristic is accurate and reliable, action frequency motion, but structure is bigger, action program immutable. It is often used to work and discharge of host.4. power transmission manipulatorNamely, have special structure induction motors, linear motor or power step-motor direct driving actuators movement of the manipulator, because do not need the change in the middle, so the mechanical structure simple organization. One of the manipulator, the linear motor speed and longer journeys movement, maintaining and easy to use. Such manipulator is still small, but promising.3)According to the control mode points1. position controlIts movement for space between point-to-point control movement of mobile, only the position of several points in the process, unable to control its trajectory. If you would control points, you must increase more than the complexity of the electrical control system. Current use of special and general industrial robots are such.2. continuous trajectory controlIts trajectory of any continuous curve for the space, its characteristic is set point for unlimited, the whole mobile process under control, can achieve smooth and accurate movement, and use range, but the electrical control system is complicated. This kind of industrial robots generally USES small computer control.4.The application of industrial robots in production and its significanceBecause of its high flexibility and robot in life, manufacturing performance in various fields such as plays a very important role. It can carry goods, sort and products, and can in harmful environment to protect life safety operation, instead of man's heavy labor, so are widely used in machinery manufacturing, light industry and needs goods handling various places.In modern industry, the production process automation has become a prominent theme. The automation level from all walks of life becomes more and more high, modern processing workshop, often with manipulator to improve production efficiency, complete workers difficult to complete or dangerous job. Available in mechanical industry, processing, assembling and other production largely is not continuous. According to data is introduced, the American production in all industrial parts, 75percent is small batch production; Metal processing production batch of three-quarters under 50 pieces on the machine parts in real time accounted for only parts processing production time 5%. Here you can see, loading and unloading, handling, carrying the process such as the urgency of industrial robots mechanized for realizing these processes is automated and of generation. At present the finished work of manipulator are often used to have: injection industry from the mold to grab products and fast curing to the next will product production processes; Manipulator processing industry for picking, feeding; Casting industry for high temperature melting extracted liquid etc. Robots in automation workshop for transporting materials, engaged in welding, painting, assembling process operation, but will operate workers from onerous, drab, repeat liberated the manual labor. Especially in high temperature, dangerous or harmful work environment (radioactive, poisonous gas and dust, inflammable, explosive, strong noise, etc.), usable parts operation instead of manipulator. At present, the manipulator has been widely used in casting, forging, stamping, machining, paint, the assembly and so on various processes.In mechanical industry, the significance of application manipulator can be summarized as follows:1. To improve the production process of automationThe robot conducive to the realization of materials used, workpiece loading, unloading and transmit the cutter replacement and machine assembly etc, thus the automation degree can improve labor productivity and reduce production cost.2. To improve working conditions, and avoid personal accidentIn high temperature, high pressure, low temperature, low pressure and dust, noise and smell, or radioactive or have other toxic pollution and working space in the occasion of narrow choose and employ persons is dangerous hands direct operation or impossible, and the use of robots can part or all of the replace man safe working conditions, make homework improves.In some simple, repetitive, especially a heavy operation to replace man, robot can avoid due to negligence operating fatigue or accidents.3. Can relieve human, and facilitate the rhythmic productionInstead of people applied manipulator work, it is the one aspect of the direct reduce manpower, and because the application can be continuous work, robot is to reduce the human and another side. Therefore, the comprehensive processing in automatic machine, automatic line now barely manipulator, to reduce the manpower and the more accurate control production beat, facilitate rhythmic work on production.To sum up, the effective application of mechanical industry development manipulator, is an inevitable trend.。

三工位机械手英语## English Answer:### Three-Station Robot.A three-station robot is a type of industrial robotthat is used to perform repetitive tasks in a manufacturing environment. It is typically used in applications where the task requires the robot to move between three different workstations.The three workstations are typically arranged in a linear fashion, with the robot moving back and forth between them. The robot is typically equipped with a gripper or other end-of-arm tooling that is used to perform the task.Three-station robots are often used in assembly line applications, where they can be used to perform tasks such as picking and placing parts, inserting components, andtightening screws. They can also be used in other applications, such as packaging and palletizing.### Advantages of Three-Station Robots.There are several advantages to using three-station robots in a manufacturing environment. Some of the advantages include:Increased productivity: Three-station robots can significantly increase productivity by performingrepetitive tasks quickly and efficiently.Improved accuracy: Three-station robots are very accurate, which can help to ensure that products are assembled correctly.Reduced labor costs: Three-station robots can help to reduce labor costs by automating tasks that would otherwise be performed by human workers.Improved safety: Three-station robots can help toimprove safety in the workplace by eliminating the need for human workers to perform dangerous tasks.### Disadvantages of Three-Station Robots.There are also some disadvantages to using three-station robots in a manufacturing environment. Some of the disadvantages include:High cost: Three-station robots can be expensive to purchase and maintain.Complexity: Three-station robots can be complex to program and operate, which can require specialized training.Limited flexibility: Three-station robots aretypically designed for a specific task, which can limittheir flexibility.### Applications of Three-Station Robots.Three-station robots are used in a variety ofapplications in the manufacturing industry. Some of the most common applications include:Assembly lines: Three-station robots are often used in assembly lines to perform tasks such as picking and placing parts, inserting components, and tightening screws.Packaging: Three-station robots can be used to package products in a variety of ways, such as wrapping them in plastic, placing them in boxes, and palletizing them.Palletizing: Three-station robots can be used to palletize products, which involves stacking them on pallets in a stable and efficient manner.Other applications: Three-station robots can also be used in other applications, such as welding, soldering, and painting.## 中文回答：### 三工位机械手。

机械英语词汇组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneum atic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet栈板barcode条码barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs. inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis 基座bezel panel面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑胶件SOP制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车production departm ent生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |'plein?|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller铣床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vice manager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor =vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skr?pid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良oxidation |' ksi'dei?n|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvem ent提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch压板bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean the floor扫地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screwhead/slippery screw head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shippery screw thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品waste废料board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, make preparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to, switch---to throw--over switching over切换engineering, project difficulty工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece, block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivenry to.to send delinery backto retrn of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase请购单consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to looser a bolt拧松螺栓to move away a die plate移走模板easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件breaking.(be)broken,(be)cracked 断裂to lubricate润滑common vocabulary for die engineering 模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图档cutting die, blanking die冲裁模progressive die, follow (-on)die连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块to cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓docum ent folder文件夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerazation装箱quantity of physical invetory second count 复盘点数量quantity of customs count会计师盘,点数量the first page第一联filed by accounting department for reference会计部存查end-user/using unit(departm ent)使用单位summary of year-end physical inventory bills年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physical inventory list will be sent to accounting department together (Those of NHK will be sent to financial department)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO.空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering mold testing工程试模材料not included in physical inventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to be inspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材material statistics sheet物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution departm ent分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventory difference analysis sheet年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physical inventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数。

机械手外文翻译ManipulatorAlong with our country the rapid development of industrial production, rapidly improve degree of automation, implementation artifacts of handling, steering, transmission or toil for welding gun, spray gun, spanner and other tools for processing, assembly operations such as automation, should cause the attention of people more and more.Manipulator is to imitate the people part of the action, according to agiven program, track and demanding acquirement, handling or operation ofthe automatic device. Applied in the industrial production of the manipulatoris referred to as \manipulator\Application manipulator can improve the automation of production water in production and labor productivity; Canreduce labor fatigue strength, to ensure product quality, implement safety production; Especially in high temperature and high pressure, low temperature, low pressure, dust, explosive, toxic and radioactive gases such as harsh environment, it instead of people normal work, the more significant. Therefore, in the machining, casting, welding, heat treatment, electroplating, spray painting, assembly, and light industry, transportation industry get more and more extensive application, etc.Manipulator institutional form is simple, strong professionalism, only asa loading device for a machine tools, special-purpose manipulator isattached to this machine. Along with the development of industrial technology, produced independently according to the process control to achieve repetitive operation, using range is wide \control generalmanipulator\hereinafter referred to as general manipulator. Generalmanipulator used to quickly change the working procedure, adaptability is stronger, so he is in constant transformation in the medium and small batch production of products are widely used.Manipulator is a kind of can automatic positioning control and can changeto programming with multifunctional machine, it has more degrees of freedom, can be used to move things to complete the work in different environments. InChina the low level of wages, plastic products industry still belongs to the labor-intensive, the use of the manipulator has become more popular. The electronic and automobile industry in Europe and the United States multinational companies very early in their factories in China introduced automatic production. But now the change is the industrial intensive distribution in south China, east China's coastal regions local plastic processing plant also began to manipulator show more and more interest, because they have to face high worker turnover rate, as as the challengewell s brought about by the workers pay inductrial injury fee.一、The composition of the manipulatorManipulator is in the form of a variety of, some relatively simple,some more complex, but the basic form is the same, generally by the actuators, transmission system, control system and the auxiliary device. 1. The actuator manipulator actuators, by the hand, wrist, arm, pillars. Hand is grasping mechanism, which is used to clamp and release artifacts, as a human finger, can complete staff of similar action. Is connected to the fingers and wrist arm components, can be up and down, left and right sides and rotary movement. Simple manipulator can not the wrist. Prop used to support the arm, can also according to need to make it move. 2. The driving system movement of the actuator by the transmission system to achieve. Common mechanical transmission system of mechanical transmission, hydraulic transmission, pneumatic transmission and power transmission etc. Several forms.3. The control system of manipulator control system main function is to control the manipulator according to certain procedures, movement direction, position, speed, simple manipulator is generally not set special control system, only the stroke switch, relay, control valves and control circuit can realize dynamic transmission system, the executing agency action in accordance with requirements. Action complex manipulator should adopts the programmable controller, microcomputer control. 二、classification and characteristics of the manipulatorRobots generally fall into three categories the first is generalmanipulator doesn't need manual operation. It is a kind of independence is not attached to a host device. It can according to the need of the task program, the operation of the provisions to complete. It is with the characteristics of common mechanical performance, also has general machinery,memory, intelligence of three yuan. The second is the need to do manually. Called Operating machine. It originated in the atom, military industry, first by Operating machine to complete a specific assignment, later to use radio signal Operating machine to explore the moon and so on. Used in the forging industry Operating machine falls under this category. The third kind is to use special manipulator, mainly attached to automatic machine or automatic line, used to solve machine tool material and workpiece to send up and down. This manipulator in a foreign country is called \host, driven by the host; Except a few working procedures generally is fixed, so it is special.三、The application of industrial manipulatorManipulator is in the process of mechanization, automation production, developed a kind of new type of device. In recent years, with electronic technology, especially the wide application of electronic computer, therobot's development and production has become a high technology developed rapidly in the field of an emerging technology, it promoted the development of the manipulator, make the manipulator canachieve better with the combination of mechanization and automation. Manipulator although it is not as flexible as manpower, but it can have repeated work and labor, do not know fatigue, is not afraid of danger, snatch heavy weights strength characteristics such as larger than man, as a result, the manipulator has been brought to the attention of the many departments, and have been applied more and more widely.(1) Machine tools machining the workpiece loading and unloading,especially in automatic lathe, use common combination machine tools. (2) Widely used in the assembly operation, it can be used to assemble printed circuit board in the electronics industry, it can be in the machinery industry to assemble parts.(3) Can be in working conditions is poor, repetitive easy fatigue of the work environment, to instead of human Labour. (4) The development of the universe and the ocean. (5) Military engineering and biomedical research and test.Application of robots can replace people in dull, repetitive or heavymanual work, to realize mechanization and automation of production, instead of human in harmful environment of manual operation, improve labor condition, ensure the personal safety. In the late 1940 s, the United Statesin the nuclear experiments, firstly adopts manipulator handling radioactive materials, people in the security room to manipulate感谢您的阅读，祝您生活愉快。

贯日机械英语词汇贯日翻译服务有限公司（广州、北京、上海)－-－-贯日翻译服务有限公司(成立于1998年３月）和万通达翻译事务所(成立于1998年5月)，两公司于2003年11月，实现强强联手，融合而生。

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第一章概述1. 1机械手的发展历史人类在改造自然的历史进程中，随着对材料、能源和信息这三者的认识和用，不断创造各种工具（机器），满足并推动生产力的发展。

工业社会向信息社会发展，生产的自动化，应变性要求越来越高，原有机器系统就显得庞杂而不灵活，这时人们就仿造自身的集体和功能，把控制机、动力机、传动机、工作机综合集中成一体，创造了“集成化”的机器系统——机器人。

从而引起了生产系统的巨大变革，成为“人——机器人——劳动对象”，或者“人——机器人——动力机——工作机——劳动对象”。

机器人技术从诞生到现在，虽然只有短短三十几年的历史，但是它却显示了旺盛的生命力。

近年来，世界上对于发展机器人的呼声更是有增无减，发达国家竞相争先，发展中国家急起直追。

许多先进技术国家已先后把发展机器人技术列入国家计划，进行大力研究。

我国的机器人学的研究也已经起步，并把“机器人开发研究”和柔性制造技术系统和设备开发研究等与机器人技术有关的研究课题列入国家“七五”、“八五”科技发展计划以及“八六三”高科技发展计划。

工业机械手是近代自动控制领域中出现的一项新技术，并已经成为现代机械制造生产系统中的一个重要组成部分。

这种新技术发展很快，逐渐形成一门新兴的学科——机械手工程。

1. 2机械手的发展意义机械手的迅速发展是由于它的积极作用正日益为人们所认识：其一、它能部分地代替人工操作；其二、它能按照生产工艺的要求，遵循一定的程序、时间和位置来完成工件的传送和装卸；其三、它能操作必要的机具进行焊接和装配。

从而大大地改善工人的劳动条件，显著地提高劳动生产率，加快实现工业生产机械化和自动化的步伐。

因而，受到各先进工业国家的重视，投入大量的人力物力加以研究和应用。

近年来随着工业自动化的发展机械手逐渐成为一门新兴的学科，并得到了较快的发展。

机械手广泛地应用于锻压、冲压、锻造、焊接、装配、机加、喷漆、热处理等各个行业。

特别是在笨重、高温、有毒、危险、放射性、多粉尘等恶劣的劳动环境中，机械手由于其显著的优点而受到特别重视。