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人教版全国初中英语中考总复习冲刺复习材料

人教版全国初中英语中考总复习冲刺复习材料
人教版全国初中英语中考总复习冲刺复习材料

初中英语(新课标版)中考

总复习冲刺材料

【初中英语词组总结】

1 (see 、hear 、notice 、find 、feel 、listen to 、look at (感官动词)+do eg:I like watching monkeys jump

2 (比较级and 比较级)表示越来越怎么样

3 a piece of cake =easy 小菜一碟(容易)

4 agree with sb 赞成某人

5 all kinds of 各种各样 a kind of 一样

6 all over the world = the whole world 整个世界

7 along with同……一道,伴随…… eg : I will go along with you我将和你一起去

the students planted trees along with their teachers 学生同老师们一起种树

8 As soon as 一怎么样就怎么样

9 as you can see 你是知道的

10 ask for ……求助向…要…(直接接想要的东西)eg : ask you for my book

11 ask sb for sth 向某人什么

12 ask sb to do sth 询问某人某事ask sb not to do 叫某人不要做某事

13 at the age of 在……岁时eg:I am sixteen I am at the age of sixteen

14 at the beginning of …… ……的起初;……的开始

15 at the end of +地点/+时间最后;尽头;末尾eg : At the end of the day

16 at this time of year 在每年的这个时候

17 be /feel confident of sth /that clause +从句感觉/对什么有信心,自信

eg : I am / feel confident of my spoken English I feel that I can pass the test

18 be + doing 表:1 现在进行时2 将来时

19 be able to (+ v 原) = can (+ v 原)能够…… eg : She is able to sing She can sing

20 be able to do sth 能够干什么eg :she is able to sing

21 be afraid to do (of sth 恐惧,害怕……eg : I'm afraed to go out at night I'm afraid of dog

22 be allowed to do 被允许做什么

eg: I'm allowed to watch TV 我被允许看电视I should be allowed to watch TV 我应该被允许看电视

23 be angry with sb 生某人的气eg : Don't be angry with me

24 be angry with(at) sb for doing sth 为什么而生某人的气

25 be as…原级…as 和什么一样eg : She is as tall as me 她和我一样高

26 be ashamed to

27 be away from 远离

30 be born 出生于

31 be busy doing sth 忙于做什么事be busy with sth 忙于……

32 be careful 当心;小心

33 be different from…… 和什么不一样

34 be famous for 以……著名

35 be friendly to sb 对某人友好

36 be from = come from 来自eg :He is from Bejing He comes from Bejing Is he from Bejing ? Does he come from Bejing ?

37 be full of 装满……的be filled with 充满eg: the glass is full of water the glass is filled with water

38 be glad+to+do/从句

39 be going to + v(原)将来时

40 be good at(+doing) = do well in 在某方面善长, 善于……

41 be good for 对什么有好处eg : Reading aloud is good for your English

42 be happy to do 很高兴做某事

43 be helpful to sb 对某人有好处

eg : Reading aloud is helpful to you 大声朗读对你有好处

Exercising is helpful to your bady 锻炼对你的身体有好处

44 be in good health 身体健康

45 be in trouble 处于困难中eg : She is in trouble They are in tronble

46 be interested in 对某方面感兴趣

47 be late for = come late to 迟到eg: Be late for class 上课迟到

48 be like 像…… eg : I'm like my mother

49 be mad at 生某人的气

50 be made from 由……制成(制成以后看不见原材料)

51 be made of 由……制成(制成以后还看得见原材料)

52 be not sure 表不确定

53 be on a visit to 参观

54 be popular with sb 受某人欢迎

55 be quiet 安静56 be short for 表**的缩写eg: 陶is short for 陶俊杰

57 be sick in bed 生病在床

58 be sorry to do sth be sorry for sb eg : I am sorry for you

59 be sorry to hear that

60 be sorry to trouble sb eg : I am sorry to trouble you

61 be strict in doing sth 严于做某事eg : He's strict in obeying noles

65 be sure 表确定

66 be sure of doing sth 对做某事有信心eg: He is sure of winning I am sure of learning English well

67 be sure of sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm sure of my head (my teacher 我相信我的大脑(老师)

68 be sure that sth 对做某事有信心eg: I'm suer that he can pass the test 我相信他能通过考试

69 be sure to do sth一定会做某事eg: We are sure to pass the test 我们一定会通过这次考试We are sure to learn English well 我们一定能学好英语

70 be terrified of + 名/动doing 害怕……

71 be terrified to do sth 害怕做某事

72 be the same as … 和什么一样

73 be used to doing sth 习惯做某事

eg: My father is used to getting up early 我爸爸习惯早He is used to sleeping in class 他习惯上课睡觉

74 be worth doing 值得做什么

75 be(feel) afraid to do sth 害怕做某事be afraid of sth 害怕某物be afraid that 丛句

76 because+句子because of +短语

eg : He was late because he had a headache He was late because of his headache

77 begin to do = start to do 开始做某事start…with…=begin…with… 以什么开始什么

eg : Let's begin the game with the song I begin to go home

78 between…and… 两者之间

79 borrow sth from sb 向……借…… lend sth to sb ( lend sb sth 借给……什么东西

eg : I borrowed a pen from him he lent a pen to me ( he lent me a pen

80 both = the same(as) = not different(from) 表相同

81 bother 打扰bother sb to do sth

eg : I'm sorry to bother you ,but can you tell me to way to the station

我十分道歉打扰你,但是你能告诉我怎么去车站

the problem has been bothering me for weeks 这个问题困扰了我几个周了

He's bothering me to lend him money

82 by the end of 到……为止

83 call sb sth eg : We call him old wang

84 care 关心eg : Don't you care about this country's future ?你为什么不关心国家的未来

85 catch up with sb 赶上某人

86 chat with sb 和某人闲谈take sb to + 地点带某人去某地

87 come in 进

88 come over to 过来

89 come up with 提出eg: Can you come up with a good idea 你能想出一个好办法吗?

93 decide to do sth 决定做某事

94 do a survey of 做某方面的调查

95 do better in 在……方面做得更好

96 do wrong 做错

97 Don't forget to do sth 不要忘了做某事

98 Don't mind +doing /从句/名词不要介意……

99 each +名(单)每一个…eg : Each student has many books 每一个学生都有一些书100 end up +doing

101 enjoy +doing喜欢

102 escape from 从……逃跑eg: The prisoners have escaped from the prison犯人从监狱里逃跑出来

103 expect to do sth 期待做某事

104 fall down 摔下来fall off 从哪摔下来

105 fall in love with sb /sth 爱上什么

106 far from 离某地远eg : The school is far from my home

107 find +it +adj +to do 发现做某事怎么样

108 find sb/sth +adj 发现什么怎么样eg : I find the book interesting

109 finish 完成+doing(名词)

110 fit to sb = be fit for sb 适合某人

111 forget to do 没有做而忘了forget doing 做了而又忘了eg: Don't forget to go home I forget closing door 112 from…to… 从某某到某某eg: From me for her

113 get /have sth down 做完,被(别人)做…eg: I have my hair cut 我理了发(头发被剪了)

Tom got his bad tooth pulled out 汤母把他的坏牙拔掉了(被牙医拔掉了)

114 get a part-time job= find a part-time job

115 get along well with sb = get on well with sb 与某人相处得好

116 get along with sb = get on with sb 与某人相处

117 get ready for = be ready for为什么而准备eg : I get ready for math I am ready for math 118 get sb in to trouble 给某人麻

119 get sb to do sth

120 get…from… 从某处得到某物

121 give a talk 做报告eg: He is give a tall

122 give sth to sb give sb sth 给某人某物

123 go fish 钓鱼go swimming 游泳

124 go on to do 去做下一件事go on doing 继续做这件事

125 go out away from go out of

126 go to school 上学(用于专业的)go to the school 去学校(不一定是上学)

130 have a talk 听报告谈一谈

131 have been doing 现在完成进行时eg : You have been talking You have been sleeping since

132 have been to …( 地方)……去过某过地方have gone to …(地方)去了某地还没回来

133 have fun +doing 玩得高兴

134 have sth to do 有什么事要做

eg: I have a lot of homework to do 我有很多家庭作业要做I have nothing to do 我没什么事情做

135 have to do sth 必须做某事

136 have trouble (problem) (in) doing sth 做什么事情有麻烦

137 have…time +doing

138 have…(时间)…off 放……假eg: I have month off 我请一个月得假

139 hear sb +do/doing 听见某人做某事/正在做某事

140 help a lot 很大用处

141 help sb with sth \one's sth 帮助某人某事(某方面)help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事

142 hope to do sth 希望做某事

143 How about(+doing) = What about(+doing)

144 how do you like = what do you think of 你对什么的看法

145 if : 是否=wether

eg: I don't know if (wether) I should go to the party 我不知道我是否应该去参加晚会

He don't know if (wether) we will arrive on time tomorrow morning 他不知道我们明天早上是否能准时到达146 if :如果,假如(全部接一般时态)+条件语态从句

eg: I'll go to LuZhou if it does't rain 假如明天不下雨,我就去泸州

If they change the plan they will let me know 假如他们要改变计划,他们会让我知道的

I'll go to England ,if I have enough money next year 如果我明年由足够的钱,我就要去英国

147 in one's opinion = sb think 某人认为

148 in some ways 在某些方面

149 in the end = finally(adv) 最后

150 in the north of… 什么在什么的北方(north 北sowth 南west 西east 东)

151 in the sun 在太阳下

152 increase 增加

eg : They've increased the prece of petrol by 3% 他们把石油价增加了3%

the population has increased from 12 million ten years ago to 18 million now

153 instead of +(名)代替

eg: I'd like an apple instead of a pear 我想要苹果,而不要梨子

I like English instead of math 我喜欢英语而不喜欢数学

eg : It took me 5 minutes to do my homework It takes me half an hour to cook

157 It's +adj +for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事怎么样

158 It's +adj +to do 做某事怎么样

159 It's +adj for sb 对于某人来说怎么样It's +adj of sb 对某人来说太怎么样

160 It's +adj(for sb) to do(对某人来说)做某事怎么样It's +adj of sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事太怎么样eg : It's nice of you to help me with my English

161 It's a good idea for sb to do sth 对…… 来说是个好主意

162 It's important to sb 对某人来说很重要eg: It's important to me

163 It's time to do sth It's time for sth 到了该去做某事的时间

eg : It's time to have class It's time for class 该去上课了

164 join = take part in 参加

165 just now 刚才

166 keep +sb /sth +adj /介词短语让什么保持什么样?

167 keep out 不让…… 进入

168 keep sb adj 让……保持…… eg: I want to keep my mother happy keep healthy 保持健康

169 key to +名词表示:某物的钥匙或某题的答案

170 key to… anser to … key 可以是答题或钥匙

171 laugh a t… 取笑…… eg : Don't langh at others We langhed at the joke

172 learn by oneslfe 自学

173 learn from sb 向某人学习eg: We should learn from Lei Feng

174 learn to do sth 学做某事

175 let sb do sth 让某人做某事

176 Let sb down 让某人失望eg :We shouldn't let our farents down 我们不应该让我们的父母失望

177 live from :离某地远

178 live in +大地方/at +小地方居住在某地eg: I live in LuZhou She lives at XuanTan

179 look after = take care of 照顾照看

180 lose one's way 谁迷路eg : Lose your way 你迷路

181 make a decision to do sth 决定做某事

182 make friends with sb 和谁成为朋友eg : I want to make friends with you

183 make it early 把时间定的早一点

184 make on exhibition of oneself 让某人出洋相

185 make sb /n +n 使什么成为什么eg : I made her my step moller I made you my wife

186 make sb /sth +adj 使某人(某物)怎么样eg : You must made your bed clean

187 make sb /sth adj 使某人/某物怎么样

191 mind sb to do mind one's doing 介意……做什么

192 most +名most of +代

193 much too +形容词

194 must be 一定

195 need +名词

196 need sb do sth 需要某人做某事

197 need to do (实义动词)need do (情态动词)

198 no /neithr of hate to do no /neithr of hate doing

199 no +名词

200 not anymore = no more 再也不…… eg: He didn't cry any more He cried no more 他再也不哭201 not… (形、副)at all eg: He's not tall at all she doesn't junp far at all

202 not…at all 一点都不

203 not…either 表否定,也不eg : I don't japanse either I don't have sister, either 我也没有姐姐

204 not…until 直到……才……

eg: I didn't sleep until my mother came back The child didn't stop crying until I give her sugar

205 offer / provide sb with sth 给某人提供

206 offer sb sth ( offer sth to sb 提供什么东西给某人eg : I offer you water (I offer water to you 我给你提供水207 on one's way to… 在谁去那的路上

208 on the one hand 一方面on the other hand 另一方面

209 on the phone = over the phone 用电话交谈

210 on time 准时in time 及时

211 one day =some day =someday 一天,有一天

212 one of +可数名词的复数形式

213 one to another 一个到另一个

214 over and over agin 一遍又一遍的eg : He cleaned the floor over and over agin

215 part-time job 兼职工作fall-time job 全职工作

216 pay for… 付……钱pay the bill 开钱,付钱

217 please +do

218 please help yourself

219 pleased with sb

220 pool into = pore into

221 practice +doing 练习做某事

222 prefer sth to sth 相对……更喜欢…… eg : I prefer physics to chemisty 在物理和化学中,我更喜欢物理prefer doing to sth 更喜欢去做…不愿意去做… eg: He prefers riding a bike to diving 他更喜欢骑自行车,不开小车

223 pretend to do sth 装着去做什么pretend that 从句

eg : The two cheats pretended to be working very hard 这两个骗子装着努力工作

He pretended that he did not know the answer 他装着不知道答案

224 rather…than 宁可……也不……

eg : I would rather be a doctor than a teacher 我愿肯当医生,也不当老师

He likes dogs rather than cats 他喜欢狗,不喜欢猫

225 regard…as 把……当作……

eg: Please give my best regards to your family 请带我向你的家人我最好的问候

I regard you as my friend 我把你当作我的朋友

He shows little regard for others 他不爱关心别人

226 remid sb about sth 提醒某人什么事remid sb to do sth 提醒某人做某事

eg : he remids me about cooking (he remids me to cook 他提醒我做饭

227 remid sb of sth 使某人想起什么

eg : the pictures remind me of my school days 这照片使我想起了我的学校

the words that (which) the teacher talke to remind me of my mother

228 return sth to sb 还什么东西给某人

229 say to oneself 对自己说

230 say to sb 对某人说

231 sb spend somemoney on sth 花了多少钱在某事上

232 sb spend sometime with sb 花了多少时间陪谁

233 sb spend sometime(in) doing sth 花了多少时间做某事

234 sb with sb +is sb and sb +are

235 see sb do 看见某人做过某事see sb doing 看见某人正在做某事

236 seem to do/be +adj 显得怎么样eg : You seem to be tired You seem to be happy

237 send +sb sth 送给某人某物

238 send…to…把什么寄到哪里去?

239 shock 使……震惊eg : Oh , It's only you ! You give me a shock 啊,是你呀!吓我一跳

240 show sb sth 向某人展示某物eg : I show her the book.

241 show sb sth = show sth to sb 拿什么东西给某人看eg: Show me your pen Show your pen to me 242 show sth to sb 向某人展示某物eg : I show the book to her.

243 some…others… 一些……另一些……

244 start…with… 从……开始begin…with… 从……开始

245 stay away from 远离……

eg : We're told to stay away from the animals whe visiting the zoo 当我们参观zoo 时,我们要远离动物

248 stop sb(from) doing 阻止某人做某事

249 stop to do 停下正在做的事去做下一件事

250 such +名这样,这种

251 suit sb 适合某人

252 surprise sb 使某人惊奇to one's surprise 令某人惊奇

253 take classes 上课

254 take sb to 把某人带去eg : I take you to the hospital

255 take walks = take a walk =go for a walk 散步

256 ①talk to 对谁说eg : I talk to you ②talk with 和谁说eg : I talk with him ③talk of 谈到eg : we talked of you ④talk about 谈论关于……

257 talk with sb 和某人说话

258 teach sb sth 教某人做某事

259 tell sb do sth 告诉某人做某事

260 tell sb sth tell sb that 丛句tell sb not to do sth tell a story

261 tell sb sth 告诉某人某事

262 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做什么tell sb not to do sth 告诉某人不要做什么

263 tell…from…

264 thank you for +doing

265 the same +名词(doing)+as……

266 the same…(名)…as as…(adj adv)…as 相同

267 the way to do sth =the way of doing st做某方面的方法the way to +地方去哪的路

e g :Do you know the way to learn English Do you know the way o

f learnin

g English

268 the way to…(地点)到哪的

269 too…to… 太怎样而不能……adj +enough to 足够…能… so…that +丛句

eg: He is too young to go to school = He is so young that he can't go to school He is old enough to go to school =He is so old that he can go to school

270 transalte ……into…… 把什么翻译成什么eg : Trasalte English into chinese

271 travel with sb和某人去旅游

272 try one's best to do sth尽某人最大的努力去做某事eg: I will try my best to learn English well 273 try to do sth 想干什么,但没成功try doing sth 想干什么,已经做过了

eg :He tried to climb 他想爬上去,但没成功He tried climbing 他想爬上去,已经做过了274 try…试衣服have a try 试一下

275 turn down 开小←→ turn up 开大

276 turn off 关上←→ turn on 打开open 拆开

【初中英语语法总结】

【1 一般现在时的用法】

1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语:every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3)表示格言或警句。例如:

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。

比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

【2 一般过去时的用法】

1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如:时间状语有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如:

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了?

2)表示在过去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那时,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈欢迎。

3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如:It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ,例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would (had) rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如:I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时,作试探性的询问、请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人间。)

Christine has been an invalid all her life.(含义:她现在还活着)

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)

注意:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2)情态动词 could, would。例如:

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车,能借用一些吗?

【3 used to / be used to 】

used to + do:"过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态,但如今已不存在。例如:

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing:对……已感到习惯,或"习惯于",to是介词,后需加名词或动名词。例如:

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't

B. couldn't

C. don't

D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语,但从语意上看出,在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去,因此应用过去时。【4 一般将来时】

1) shall用于第一人称,常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗?

2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。

a. 主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢?

b. 计划,安排要发生的事。例如:The play is going to be produced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云,快要下雨了。3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如:

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意:be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

【5 be going to / will 用于条件句时,be going to表将来,will表意愿。】

例如:

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

【6 be to和be going to】

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事,be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如:

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。(客观安排)

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。(主观安排)

1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来,主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开?十分钟后。

2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3)在时间或条件句中。例如:

When Bill comes (不是will come), ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后,让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里,就写信给你。

4)在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如:

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前,务必把窗户关了。

【8 用现在进行时表示将来】

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如:

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗?

【9 现在完成时】

【10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时】

1)一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。

2)一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用,而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用,或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday, last week,…ago, in1980, in October, just now等,皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语:for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等,皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语:this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3)现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态,动词一般是延续性的,如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

4)一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等

例如:

I saw this film yesterday. (强调看的动作发生过了)

I have seen this film. (强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了)

Why did you get up so early? (强调起床的动作已发生过了)

Who hasn't handed in his paper? (强调有卷子未交,疑为不公平竞争)

He has been in the League for three years. (在团内的状态可延续)

He has been a League member for three years. (是团员的状态可持续)

5)句子中如有过去时的时间副词(如yesterday, last, week, in 1960)时,不能使用现在完成时,要用过去时。

(错)Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

【11. 比较since和for 】

Since 用来说明动作起始时间,for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如:

I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。

I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。

注意:并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。

I worked here for more than twenty years. (我现在已不在这里工作。)

I have worked here for many years.(现在我仍在这里工作。)

注意:用句型转换的方法,很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。

1)(对) Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now. 2)(错) Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.

显然,第二句不对,它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

【12. since的四种用法】

1) since +过去一个时间点(如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six)。例如:

I have been here since 1989. 1989起,我一直在这儿。

2) since +一段时间+ ago。例如:

I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿,已经有五个月了。

3) since +从句。例如:

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后,变化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后,变化可大了。

4) It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如:

It is two years since I became a postgraduate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

1)用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历;瞬间动词表示行为的结果,不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如:

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。(表结果)

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。(表经历)

2)用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句,表示"做……直到……"瞬间动词用于否定句,表示"到……,才……"。例如:

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met

B. have met

C. met

D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响,我知道她的模样,你不用描述。再次,several times告知为反复发生的动作,因此用现在完成时。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been

B. had been

C. was

D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始,持续到现在,应用现在完成时。

【14. 用一般过去时代替过去完成时】

When she saw the mouse,she screamed. 她看到老鼠,就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子,我把它丢了。

2 )两个动作相继发生,可用一般过去时;如第一个动作需要若干时间完成,用过去完成时。例如:

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3)叙述历史事实,可不用过去完成时,而只用一般过去时。例如:

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

【15. 不用进行时的动词】

1)表示事实状态的动词,如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如:I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2)表示心理状态的动词,如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate 等。例如:I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3)瞬间动词,如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如:

I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

4)系动词,如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如:

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。

【16. 过去进行时】

2)过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景;一个长动作延续的时候,另一个短动作发生。

3)常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如:

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来,受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时,正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时,阳光灿烂。

典型例题

1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made

B. is making

C. was making

D. makes

答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情,应用过去时。同时,when表时间的同时性,"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景,因此用过去进行时。

2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read;was falling

B. was reading; fell

C. was reading; was falling

D. read;fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while,意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时,用过去进行;一个长动作发生的时候,另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时,奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell(fall的过去时),是系动词,后跟形容词,如:fall sick。

【重点部分提要】

一. 词汇

⑴单词

1. 介词:in, on, under, behind, near, at, of

1). in表示"在……中","在……内"。例如:

in our class 在我们班上

2). on 表示"在……上"。例如:

on the wall 在墙上

on the desk 在桌子上

on the blackboard 在黑板上

3). under表示"在……下"。例如:

under the tree 在树下

under the chair 在椅子下

under the bed 在床下

4). behind表示"在……后面"。例如:

behind the door 在门后

behind the tree 在树后

5). near表示"在……附近"。例如:

near the teacher's desk 在讲桌附近

near the bed 在床附近

6). at表示"在……处"。例如:

at school 在学校

at home 在家

at the door 在门口

7). of 表示"……的"。例如:

a picture of our classroom 我们教室的一幅画

a map of China 一张中国地图

2. 冠词a / an / the:

冠词一般位于所限定的名词前,用来署名名词所指的人或事物。冠词有不定冠词和定冠词两种。不定冠词有两个形式,即a 和an。a用在以辅音音素开头的词前,如a book; an用在以元音音素开头的字母前,如an apple.

a或an与可数名词单数连用,泛指某类人或某物中的一个。

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