轮机英语听力与会话三版口述和问答题答案
1． The engine room is the heart of a ship. It is generally located at the stern near the ship bottom. In the engine room, there are a lot of machinery and systems, such as the main engine, the generater engine, boilers, pumps, the refrigerating system, and the air conditioning system. The main engine, also called the main propulsion plant，is the largest and most important one . The modern improvement of control systems results in machinery space remaining unattended for long periods. That is UMS.
1. The main difference between the diesel engine and the gasoline engine include: 1) the combustion medium of a diesel engine is diesel oil or fuel oil, while that for a gasoline engine is gas oil. 2) the diesel engine is ignited through compression of hot, high pressure oil/air mixture, but the gasoline engine is ignited by electrical spark plug. 3) for diesel engine, the air and oil is mixed inside the cylinder, while for gasoline engine, they are mixed outside the cylinder.
2. First, I will tell the cadet the importance the engine room. Second, I should introduce the various machinery and systems in the engine room, such as the main engine, the generater engine, boilers, pumps, the refrigerating system, and the air conditioning system. Third, I will show him how to operate the various equipment and devices safely, and introduce as much safety knowledge as I can.
3. same as question No 2.
4. The power of the diesel engine is transmitted to the propeller through the transmission system. The items of transmission system include various shafts, such as the thrust shaft, one or more intermediate shafts and tail shaft. These shafts are supported by the thrust block, intermediate bearings and the sterntube bearing. The propeller consist of a boss with several blades,. The thrust is transmitted along the shafting to the thrust block and finally to ship structure.
5. When the ship is sailing at full speed, it need four engines running . When the ship is sailing at half speed, it require two engines running. While the ship is operating at about 30 % of full speed, one engine is enough to meet its power requiement. That is, the ship can be operated with single engine, double engines, or four engines according the load condition.Generally, when the ship is sailing at sea speed, it has four enginse running,whie it approaches the wharf, it has two.
6. The structure of the main engine is as follows: the construction mainly include bedplate, frame, cylinders, pistons, connecting rod, main bearing and crankshaft. The crankshaft rests in main bearings built into cross girders of the bedplate. On the top of A frames there is a scavenging air box. The bedplate, frames and cylinder blocks are secured together by long
crown.
7. The moving parts shown in the illustration mainly include the piston, the connecting rod, and the crankshaft. These are all critical parts of the engine. According to the specific condition shown in the picture, the piston is under compression force, the connecting rod is under tension stress and compression force, while the crankshaft is under the torsion forces.
8. Pistons can be divided into two main classes: the crosshead type pistons and the trunk type pistons. The top surface of the crosshead piston can be flat, sunken or convex. The piston shown in the illustration is the crosshead type piston with a sunken surface. It has the advantage of increasing the air turbulance and imporvingthe oil/air mixing quality. Its disadvantage is that the cylinder volumetric clearance will be larger.
9. The piston rings shown in the illustration has the shape of rectangle or trapezoid. Some of them are rounded on the external top or bottom edges. Among these piston rings, No.1 and No.2 are sealing rings, No. 3 and No. 4 are scraper rings, while the No.5 is a distributor ring. Generally, each piston is provided with five or six piston rings.
10. Large marine diesel engines of crosshead construction generally have two systems of lubrication: a totally loss system feeding the cylinders and a circulating system lubricating the running gear and cooling the pistons. Oil is supplied to the cylinder liner wall and piston rings by means of mechanical lubricators. The lube oil to the varoius moving parts enable the formation of an oil film which reduces friction and wear.
三．A
1 In order to ensure the safe navigation of the ship, frequent communication between the engineers and officers is necessary. The usual means of communication is by telephone and telegraph. If the communication between the engine room and the bridge fa ils, the ship will be endangered. The records of communication should be maintained which will provide evidence in the event of an accident at sea. Noon report is also a good means of communication between the engine room and the bridge.
4 At the completion of the watch, each member of watchkeeping should hand over to his relief, ensuring that the relief is competent to take over and carry out his duties effectively. Before going off duty, the engineer in charge of the watch shall ensure that all events related to the main and auxiliary machinery are suitalby recorded. He should tell the relieving engineer the standing orders , special intructions and unfinished work, if any. If he has any reason to believe that the relieving engineer is not capable of carrying out the watchkeeping duties effectively, he shall not hand over the watch and the chief engineer shall be notified.
四
1 Last year when I worked on a bulk carrier, I found the exhaust temperature of the main
down. The fuel was shut off from the affected cylinders. I opened wide the inlet valve of the cooling water. The duty motorman increased the cylinder lubrication. The fire quickly burnt out.
2 In the event of sudden stoppage of the main engine, the possible cause may be the safety protection system functioning, due to low lube oil pressure, fuel oil breakdown, blackout, overspeed and so on. Generally, we should take the following actions: first, we will carefully examine the main engine and find the causes. Second, we will take measures to remedy the trouble. Third, we will reset and restart the main engine.
3 If the turbocharger surges, the possible causes include high back pressure of exhaust manifold and low flowing quantity, rapid change in load, insufficient fuel oil, bad combustion, scavenge fire and so on. In the event of turbocharger surge, we will slow down the main engine, find the causes, and do some remedies.
8 When we start the emergency generator, we should take the following steps. First, check the lube oil and fuel oil levels, as well as the water level. Second, the selecting switch will change over from “automatic ” to “manual”. Third, push the starting button, and check the voltage and frequency.
9 The maintennace work of emergency battery include: 1) check the electrolyte level. 2) keep the emergency battery clean. 3) measure the voltage of the battery. 4) measure the specific gravity of the electrolyte. 5) periodically charge and discharge the battery so as to protect the plate electrode.
11 Fire is a constant hazard at sea. It is the result of a combination of three factors, namely, inflammable material, hot spot, and oxygen. According to the material involved, fires can be divided into four classes:. For example, burning light metals will be classified as Class D, burning electric equipment classified as Class C, burning oils is Class B, and burning wood, Class A.
17 In the event of collision, the bridge will inform the captain and the engine room immediately. The bridge should tell the engine room the striking position, damage extent and so on. The engine room should take measures accordingly. In case of engine room flooding, the engine room personnel should report to the bridge, and take actions according to the muster list.
20 The muster list is an important document on board. It tells the crew members the ir position and duties in emergency situations, such as fire, collision, oil spill, abandoning ship, ship grounding and so on. For example, in case of flooding, the chief engineer should go to the engine room and be in general command.The second engineer should maneuver the main
21 Once a container ship collided with a bulk carrier. The captain of the container ship decided to abandon the ship since it was in danger of sinking. The engine room personnel stopped the engine, cut off the electric supply, closed the ventilators, released the compressed air and steam. The chief engineer collected the important documents and all engine room staff evacuated from the engine room.
23 The maintenance work of the lifeboat engine mainly include: 1) check the various oil levels and water levels. 2) start the lifeboat engine once every week, make it run for about five minutes. 3) protect the engine from freezing with anti-freezing fluid.
24 SOPEP stands for Shipboard Oil Pollution Emergency Plan.Its main contents include the person to be contacted in case of oil spill, his contacting methods such as phone number and adress, the procedure to be adopted in case of oil spill, such as the disposal methods, anti-pollution equipment and materials.
25 The materials used for oil spillage mainly include the following: 1) the material used for cleaning up spilled oil, for example, the oil absorbent such as saw dust and oil felt.2)The material for preventing split oil from spreading out, such as oil booms. Oil dispersent is seldom used since it must get the approval from the port administration and may cause secondary pollution.
27 In the event of a man falling overboard, the person who see the accident must shout for help, inform the bridge, throw a lifebuoy into the water and keep the man in his visual scope. The bridge should sound the alarm, and take measures to save the man, for example, slowing down, changing the direction, and lowering the lifeboat to pick up the man falling overboard.
28 First aid is emergency care for a victim of sudden illness or injury until more skillful medical treatment is available. The usual actions taken in the first aid include artificial breathing, stopping bleeding with bandage and so on. Once I saw a sailor who had his hand injured during the firefighting drill. I immediately help him stop the bleeding with the medicine and the bandage.
五
2 When selecting the fuel oil, there are many factors to consider, such as viscosity, cetane number, calorific value and so on. Before bunkering, the engine room personnel should make the bunkering plan and other necessary preparations . The third engineer will go to the oil lighter to measure the content of all the oil tanks. During bunkering, the engine department and deck department should work cooperatively. After bunkering, the crew will flush the oil retained in the hoses with compressed air and calculate the volume of oil received.
4 Before repair, the engine room personnel have a lot of work to do.They should confirm
and special tools. Then the second engineer will collect all the information about the repair items. After being verified by the chief engineer and signed by the captain, the repair list will be submited to the company for approval.
7 As a chief engineer, if I want to receive a new ship, I will take the following items into consideration. First, check the list of engine room equipment and machinery, as well as the list of stores and spare parts. Second, test all the devices in the engine room. Third, conduct the sea trial, collect and submit all the items of non-conformity to the company.
问答题答案
第一章
1. how long have you worked on board?
I have worked on board for 10 years.
2. which certificate do you have now?
I have the second engineer?s certificate.
3. what is your marital status?how many departments are there on board?
I am married. There are there departments on board.
4. how many people are there in your family? Are you married?
There are there people in my family. Y es,I am married.
5. how many countries have you ever been to?
I have been to seven countries.
6. when did you begin to work on board? What kind of ship have you worked on?
I began to work on board in 2000.i have worked on bulk sarriers.
7. how many importment canals are there all over the world?
Three . the pamama ,suez and kiel.
8. can you tell me what is the most important thing for a seafarer.?
Safety.
9. what kinds of main engine and generator engine have you worked on?
Large slow speed crosshead type marine diesel engine and A.C generator.
10. which classification society is your ship registered with?
CCS china classification society
11. have you worked any ship that caused damage in critical equipments?
Y es, I have worked on a bulk carried that the man engine haved damaged.
12. how do you make you maintenance schedules?
It is based on ship?s planed maintenance syetem and the machinery running ho urs records. 13. could you list international conventions concerning marine shipping?
MARPOL (the international convertion for the prevention of pollution form ships)
LOAD LINE ( the international convertion on load line)
14 .could ou tell the usages of the STCW convention?
STCW convention established an international standard for the training, certification and watchkeeping on the seafarers.
15.what is the purpose of classification society? Could you list some of them?
The classification society works for ensuring the safety of the crew and ship and protecting sea from the pollution.
Lioyd?s, CCS, ABS
16 could you list different kinds of ship?s surveys?
Annual survey docking survey,special survey, damage survey.
17 what does UMS stand for? Have you served UMS?
UMS stands for unattended machinery space. I have severed UMS.
18 have you even experienced PSC inspection? Where and when was your last inspection? Y es,Last month in singapore.
19 what should be paid attention to in the overhaul of a cylinder.
Every operating must be complied with the precaution measures regulated in the SMS.
20 before entering an enclosed space such as ballast tank,what action will you take?
Check the content of oxygen and ventilation.
21 please tell me the minimum safe oxygen percentage for the safety of the workers in an enclosed space.
18%.
第二章
1 please introduce one type of the main engine
The main engine is large bore two-stroke crosshead type with turbo charging system.
2 please introduce fuel injection process of electronically controlled main engine
The electronies control of fuel injection improves low- load operation engine speeding up given better engine balance and load control
3 please introduce dual fuel technology of main engine
This kind of main engine can burn both natural gas and fuel oil used in large medium speed engine.
4 why is the two-stroke engine widely used on board ship?
Because the two-stroke engine can develop twice the power of the four-stroke engine of the same size.
5 why is the air exchanging quality of four-stroke engine more than of two-stroke engine
closing
6 please introduce three moving parts of marine main engine
Crankshaft, connecting rod, crosshead,piston
7 what?s the sequence of the four strokes?
Suction,compression, expansion and exhaust
8 please introduce four fixing parts of marine main engine
Bed plate, cylinder block, scavenge air box and frame.
9 what is called a working cycle of diesel engine?
The cycle refers to the operation between two fuel injections.
10 what is the foundation of diesel engine?
The bedplate is the foundation of the engine.
11 what are the fouction and feature of the tie rods?
Hold the bedplate,frames and cylinder blocks together to form a rigid structure.feature the tie rod is long and good tensioning strength.
12 what is the fouction of the governor?
The governor can regulate the speed of the engine by controlling the fuel injected into the cylinder.
13 what is the feature of the governor?
Instantaneous speed, regulating speed fluctuation, and so on
14 what is used for connecting the piston rod and connecting rod?
Crosshead
15 what is used for sealing between the crankcase and scavenging air box?
The piston rod stuffing box.
16 what are the two types of the cooling system?
They are fresh water cooling system and sea water cooling system.
17 what?s the function of the head tank in the cooling water system?
Expansion and make-up of the water ,air releasing and water treatment.
18 please introduce the open cooling system.
Open cooling system use similar elements with closed system expect that a drain tank is used instead of a head tank.
19 please introduce the close cooling system
Closed cooling system has the engine jacket heat exhanger and circulating pump to from a continous circuite with a head tank open to atmosphere..
20 please introduce the central cooling system.
Central cooling system is based on same design principles with convention sea water
21 what?s the advantage of the central cooling water system?
With less equipment contacting with seawater,the corrosion problems are much reduced 22 how to control fuel oil viscosity of main engine?
By controlling the oil temperature.
23 please introduce two sub-systems of the fuel oil system/
Fuel supply system and fuel injection system.
24 please speak out the function of the fuel oil viscosity regulator.
By controlling the oil temperature
25 how does the fuel oil viscosity regulator work?
By controlling the oil temperature
26 please tell at least three composition of fuel oil.
Sulphur, ,ash content ,cetane number
27 please name at least three of main factors to select a fuel oil.
Viscosity,cetane number,calorific value,sulphr,ash content,flash point,setting point,specific gravity.
28 what is the usual coolant in marine diesel engine?
Fresh water ,lube oil and seawater.
29 why seawater is not used directly as a coolant in diesel engine?
Because seawater is corrosive and liable to leave deposits.to block the jackets
30 what …s the advantage of oil-cooling piston?
The advantage is the same oil also can be used for lubrication and any leakage will not cause corrosive problem.
31 what?s the disadvantage of water-cooling piston?
Cooling water leakage can pollute the lube oil
32 what?s the function of the lubri cating oil in main engine?
Provide lubricating film,remove heat from oil cooled piston,neutralize acidic products of combustion, cleanse hot moving parts of carbonaccous deposits,resist oxidation and wash away wear detritus.
33 how do you clean the lube oil filters?
By washing with diesel oil
34 when do you clean the fuel oil filters?
The filter is clogged by impurities
35 why must the cylinder oil have alkalinity?
Neutralize the acid products of combustion
36 what?s the function of the cylinder oil?
37 how do you start the air compressor?
Unload starting
38 what do you pay attention to when you stand by engine?
Checked various pressure and temperatures ,warm up the engine, turn the engine with turning gear and so on
39 do you know the reasons why the engine does not start on air?
Starrting air pressure too low,incorrect timing of starting air valve,stop-valve on air line being closed and so on
40 what should you periodically do for the air reservoir?
We should drain the condense water and make up the air regularly
41 what?s the function of gas exchange in diesel engine?
Gas exchange refers to the supply of fresh air and removal of exhaust gas
42 what?s the function of supercharging in diesel engine?
Improve the output of engine and enhance its efficiency
43 how do you operate the main engine in cold weather?
Warm up the engine and keep the charge air and oil at proper temperature
44 how do you heat the main engine?
By circulating the cooling water which is heated to proper temperature
45 how do you change diesel oil into fuel oil?
Diesel oil heated to proper temparture and open the fuel oil v/v
46 how do you change fuel oil into diesel oil?
Shut the steam v/v ,decrease the fuel oil temperature, open diesel oil v/v
47 what is the function of the turning geat?
The turning gear is used to make engine operate slowly for inspection
48 how do you measure the clearance of the main bearings?
By lead wire or feeler
49 how do you measure the crank deflection of the main engine?
By crank deflection gauge
50 do you know why the diesel engine exhausts black smoke?
Poor combustion due to more fuel content
51 do you know why the diesel engine exhausts blue smoke?
Lube oil is more than normal
52 do you know why the diesel engine exhausts yellow smoke?
High sulphur in oil
53 do you know why the diesel engine exhausts white smoke?
54 what is the function of the steering gear?
It is used to con trol the ship?s course
55 what does CPP stand for?
CPP stands for controllable pitch propeller
56 what does VIT stand for?
V ariable injection timing
57 what?s the type of the freshwater generator?
Multi-stage flash water generator
58 what?s th e type of the fuel oil sepatator?
centrifugal
59 what?s the function of the fuel oil separator?
Remove water and impurities
60 what?s the type of the oily water separator?
Gravity filtration and absorption
61 what?s the function of the oily water separator?
Prevent the ship from discharging oil while pumping out bilge-water
62 what?s the function of the incinerator?
Burning the oil sludge and solid waste
63 what is the oil content limit when pumping out the bilge?
Oil content not more than 15 ppm
64 what is the hot work?
The work involving hige temperature, open flames or sparks such as electric and gas welding
65 why do you often carry out the water treatment for the boiler?
The impurities form scale
66 what boiler is used on a motor ship at sea?
The exhaust boiler is used when at sea
67 what boiler is used on a motor ship in port?
The dankey boiler is used when in port
68 how do you decide to overhaul the main engine generally?
According to specific working condition and requirement of instruction book
69 what is the function of the soot blower?
Soot bolwer is used to blow away soot and the products of combustion
70 how do you grind the valve plate of air compressor?
Grind it in the path of “8” shape
coupling
72 what type is the most common marine refrigeration?
It is the compression refrigeration
73 please introduce four components required for a compression refrigeration system.
Compressor,condedser,expansion valve and evaporator
74 how do you fill Freon 22 into the refrigeration system?
Through the special passage for Fron 22.
75 why does the refrigerating compressor start and stop frequently?
Lack of refrigerant, dirty iced evaporator, leaky liquid line solenoid valve
76 what equipment is used to handle the anchors?
windlass
77 please name at least three items of deck machinery
Winch,windlass,derrick,barrel
78 how do you drain off air of the injection pump.
By-using vent screw
79 how do you clean the disc of an oil sepatator?
With disc cleaner
80 What should be prepared before disassembly of cylinder for main engine/anxiliary engine?
Special tools, draining off the residual oil and water
81 how do you manage sewage?
Drop in sterilized medicine regularly, keep the blower in constant working.
第三章
1. what may happen if the communication between the engine room and the bridge fails? The ship will be endangered.
2 when do you need to communicate with the bridge?
when the engine room has any trouble or when standby engine.
3 what methods and ways can be used to communication with the bridge?
Telephone and telegraph.
4 why do you think the records of the communication should be maintained?
Because records can serve as evidence in the event of accidents.
5 do you think english is very important during the communication?
Y es, English is an international language.
6 when should you check the engine telegraph?
When stand by engine
We check the engine telegraph with the duty officer by answering his order
8 when must you test the steering gear?
When standby engine before navigation or maneuvering
9 what items of the main engine should you check before starting?
Check the reversing and control gear
10 how do you test main engine?
Turn on the main engine by putting in start air and give a brief trial on power ahead and astern
11 what should you prepare for cooling water system when”stand by engine”?
cooling water should be at working level and heated to proper temperature.
12 what should you prepare for lube oil system when”stand by engine”?
Start the lube oil pump,fill the crankcase lube oil drain tank and sump, and so on
13 how are you going to change fuel oil over to diesel oil?
Preheat fuel oil to proper temperature
14 why does the engine speed rise up by using fuel oil instead of diesel oil?
Because the specific gravity and the heat the fuel produced is higher
15 what should you do when “finishen with engine”?
Ensure the telegraph is at “stop”,fuel control lever at zero, starting air lever at neutral position , turning gear engaged and so on.
16 what shall we have to do when the ship is sailing in the cold zone?
Preheat the oil
17 what are duty engineer going to do when “full astern”is ringing up?
Cut off the oil supply,brake,reverse,and then speed up
18 how does the duty engineer correct the clock in engine room?
The duty engineer check the engine room clock with the officer on the bridge.
第四章
1 the engine does start on air,but combustion does not immediately begin. What is the possible cause?
Failure in the fuel oil system.
2 the engine may loss power or slow down when running.what is the possible cause?
Safety protection system functions due to low lube oil pressure and so on.
3 please list some indications of a scavenge fire.(list at least three)
Scavenge air box temperature high, exhaust gas temperature high, turbocharger surge.
4 if a filter is found leaking, what should you do?
Change over to standby filter.
seizure
6 if a warning of a crankcase explosion is received,what steps should be taken right away?
Slow down and stop engine
7 what actions should you take if the exhaust temperature of the main engine is excessively high?
Reduce the speed,inspect the exhaust valve and fuel injector
8 what kind of precaution will you take to avoid a scavenge fire?
Inspect the scavenge trunk ,blow the scavenge drains and investigate the oil discharge.
9 what kind of precaution will you take to avoid a crankcase explosion?
Inspect the oil mist detector regularly
10 in which cases must the main engine be stopped?
The explosion of the crankcase, fuel or lube oil pipes leaking,an so on.
11 what is the emergency source of electrical power on board?
emergency generator and emergency battery.
12 where is the emergency generator located?
\ above the main deck or on the boatdeck.
13 who is in charge of emergency generator?
third engineer
14 what equipment should be first provided with electricity by emergency generator? Driving motors of emergency bilge punps,navigation apparatus,steering gear and fire fighting equipment,communication system,alarm system and so on.
15 in the event of blackout,what should you do at first as a duty engineer?
Inform the bridge and chief engineer,start the standby generator and so on.
16 in the event of blackout, what should you do as a chief engineer?
Go to the engine room and take necessary measures with the staff such as start standby generator.
17 what are the three elements of fire?
Inflammable material,heat,and oxygen.
18 what can not be used for an electric fire?
water, foam extinguisher.
19 how often is a fire drill required to be held in a passenger ship?
once a week.
20 what shall a person first do if he discovers a fire?
sound the alarm
21 what does a muster list show?
22 what fixed fire fighting appliances do you know?
fixed CO2 appliance, water spray extinguishing system.
23 what can be used to put out a fire?
fixed fire fighting appliance, and portable fire extinguishers.
24 As soon as you hear the fire and emergency signal,what should you ensure?
We should ensure safety and muster according to the muster list.
25 when the fire alarm is sounded continuously,what should the engine room personel do?
Muster according to the muster list.
26 burning light metals should be treated as which class of fire?
Class D
27 burning gengrator should be treated as which class of fire?
Class C
28 burning diesel oil should be treated as which class of fire?
Class B
29 burning wood should be treated as which class of fire?
Class A
30 how do you put it out when you come across the fire caused by electrical equipment?
In case of the power being cut off,put out the fire by water or foam extinguisher. in case of the power not being cut off ,put out the fire by CO2 or dry powder extinguisher.
31 what will the accumulation of dirt on electrical equipment result in ?
Insulation breakdown,leaking currents,possibly an earth fault.
32 how do you maintain carbon dioxide extinguishers?
Keep it away from the moisture and check leakage regularly.
33 how many types of extinguishers do you know? List some.
Four kinds,such as foam extinguisher and dry power extinguisher.
34 what should be done before carbon dioxide is released to the engine room?
Give the alarm,people leave the place,and close doors and vents.
35 what is the general emergency alarm signal?
continuous ringing on the alarm bell.
36 what kind of sea chest should be used in the event of collision ,a low-level sea chest or a high-level one?
The high level sea chest.
37 what should be done in the engine room when collision occurs?
stand by engine, check leakage and so on.
38 in the event of collision,what should you do?
order.
39 what materials can be used to block the leaks in the event of flooding?
blanket, wood blocks.
40 what can be used to discharge the incoming sea water overboard in the event of flooding?
emergency suction valve.
41 what should be firstly done in the event of flooding ?
Inform the bridge and the chief engineer.
42 what immediate actions should be taken for engine room flooding?
Cut out the power supply,open emergency suction valve,close the seawater valve,reduce the speed of necessary,and so on.
43 how often shall an abandon ship drill be conducted for a passenger ship?
once a week.
44 who is responsible for operating lifeboat engine?
ourth engineer.
45 what should you do with boilers before evacuating from the engine room?
stop boiler and release pressure
46 how do you evacuate from the engine room upon abandon ship order?
cut off the power supply, close the quick-closing valve, release the pressure and so on.
47 what life-saving devices are equipment on board you ship?
Life jacket ,lifeboat,life raft,buoys
48 how do you test the engine for the lifeboat?
Start its engine and make a reverse test.
49 what can be used to prevent spilt oil from spreading out in the event of oil spill?
oil booms.
50 what can be used to clean up spilt oil in the event of oil spill?
saw dust, oil felt and rags.
51 what shall be taken into consideration when selecting and using equipment and material to deal with spilt oil?
the kinds and quantity of spilled oil, weather conditions and so on
52 what are materials for oil pollution precention?
Saw dust, absorbent material, waste cotton, oil dispersant.
53 in which case can you use oil dispersant?
In case of oil spill and getting approval from the port administration.
54 what is the alarm signal for oil spill?
One short blast, two long blasts, and another short blast
Incinerator, oily water separator, sewage tank, oil discharge mornitor..
56 what is alarm signal for a man falling overboard?
three long blasts.
57 what should you do firstly when a man is overboard?
sound the alarm, throw the buoy and so on.
58 what life-saving appliances do you know?
Life jacket,lifeboat, life raft,buoys.
59 what is essential before checking any kind of electrical equipment?
Cut off the power supply.
60 how do you treat the injured person who is not breathing?
Make artificial breathing.
61 could you tell the main reason for the black smoke exhaust from the diesel engine?
Fuel oil content more than normal.
62 could you tell the main reason for scavenge fire?
ignition of carbon/oil deposits by prolonged blow-by, combustion gas blow-back through scavenge air ports and so on.
63 could you tell the main reason for crankcase explosion?
oil mist and hot spot exist
64 what does the turbine super-charge surge?
high back pressure of exhaust manifold, rapid change in load, scavenge fire and so on. 65 if you found an oil spill in the sea, how would you react?
Report to the nearest port authority, take action to control pollution and so on.
第五章
1 in which cases must bunkering be stopped?
In case of fire,oil leakage and bad weather.
2 what prepartions are required on deck prior to the bunkering operation?
Block the scuppers, prepare the anti-pollution material and fire fighting equipment,and so on
3 describe a procedure for the commencement of pumping oil.
Check the bunkering v/v, confirm the contacting signals with the oil barge ,first slowly filling in the oil, and speed up.
4 what should you do before bunkering?
Make the bunkering plan
5 what measures against oil pollution should be taken before bunkering?
Make bunkering plan, prepare all anti-pollution equipment and materials,and prevent
6 what do the terms TAN and TBN for lube oil stand for?
TAN stands for total acid number, and TBN stands for total base number.
7 when handling oil,what is an important consideration in order to ensure safety?
Fire prevention
8 what sort of documentation is involved with bunkering ?
Bunkering plan, oil receipt , bunkering notice,and so on
9 what should you do during bunkering ?
As a chief engineer ,I?m in charge of the bunkering generally
10 how do you take samples during bunkering?
Open the valve and let the oil drop into the oil receivers.
11why are communications important during bunkering .
Because good communication can help us prevent oil spillage
12 describe how you would determine the volume of fuel loaded during the bundering operation.
Sound the oil tanks,measure the oil temperature, and ship?s draft , and calculate the bunking quantity
According to the tank table.
13 what should you do after bunkering?
Confirm the bunking quatity ,disconnect the oil pipe ,make records in the log book
14 what are usually contained in a repair list?
Name of the items to be repaired,position and the requiement
15 name some commonly used repairing methods.
Weld, grind ,machine ,polish and so on
16 who will be responsible for the damage of the repaired parts if they occur within a few days after the repair?
Shipyard
17 what power will be supplied after docking?
Shore power
18 what kind of work do we usually do for docking repair?
The repairing work below the water line
19 during the docking repair,who usually supply fresh water?
shipyard
20 who is in charge of the safety code agreement for the docking repair?
shipyard
21 what kinds of cargo should be discharged from the vessel while proceeding docking
All kinds of cargo should be discharged
22 when reassembling propeller,who must supervise the working course on the spot?
The chief engineer,the surveyor and the chief officer.
23 when you want to build a new ship,it must comply with some rules.what are they?
Rules for the constructiou of sea-going steel ships,solas,marpol ,and so on,
24 why is a survey necessary for a ship?
To the safety of the ship,the crew,and property
25 when and where did you have the PSC inspection.
Last month in singapore
26 who should be present when a boiler survey is carried out?
The chief engineer and surveyor
27 suppose you ship has been insured, what will you do first to claim for the insurance if the engine is damaged?
The chief engineer make out a report about the damage and the captain give a sea protest.
28 whom do you usually invite to come on board to ascertain and verify the extent of damage of machines or equipment.
A surveyor from CCS
29 A ship?s survery may be divided into three basic types.what are they?
Statutory survey, classification survey, notarial survey
30 what does general survey usually include?
Annual survey, periodical survey, damage survey and so on
31 how do you bargain?
The price is too high.can you give me some discount?
32 what will you say if the price offered is higher than you expected?
The price is too high.can you give me some discount?
33 if you want to order stores and spare parts,whom will you turn to?
Ship chandler
34 what will you take into consideration if you want to get some stores and spare parts aboard?
Delivery time, place, and quantity
35 if you order some stores form the shipchandler,what should be generally listed out on the order list.
Name ,specification,and quantity
36 how do you usually pay for the stores and spare parts?
37 who will check the stores and spare pares delivered on board ship?
The second engineer.
38 what should be paid attention to when bunkering fuel oil?
Fire prevention, and pollution prevention
第六章
1 what is STCW?
STCW stands for the International Convention on Standards of Training,Cerification,and Watchkeeping for Seafares?
2 what is SOPEP?
SOPEP stands for shipboard oil pullution emergency plan.
3 what is IOPP? What is the valid period?
It is international oil pollution prevention certificate. Its valid period is 5 years.
4 what is ISPS?
SSO stands for ship security officer.
5 what is SOLAS?
The international convention safty of life at sea
6 which operation should be entered into the OIL Record Book Part 1, internal transfer of fuel oil disposal of oil residues?
Disposal of oil residues
7 what kind of ships should be provided with Oil Record Book Part 1 ?
Every oil tanker of 150 tons gross tonnage and above and every ship of 400 tons gross tonnage and above,other than oil tanker.
8 which equipment must be used when discharging the bilge water over board?
Oil record book
9 what is an Oil Record Book?
Oil Record Book is an importment anti-pollution document for recording shipboard oil transfer and discharge operations.
10 what does ORB stand for?
Oil record book
11 how can an oily water separator separate water and oil?
Using gravity system and conjuction with filter
12 what should you do if you found a person electric shocked?
We should cut off the power first,then report and take emergency action to save him
13 in case of scavenge fires, what procedures should be followed?
Slow down the engine ,shut off the fuel from the affected cylinders,increase the
14 what will happen when the PSCO find that emergency fire pump fails to work?
They will give a detailed inspection to all fire safety equipment,and the ship may be substandard and detained.
15 where are the carbon dioxide extinguishers on board you ship?
Engine room,central control room, cabin,and passage.
16 how do you check the lifeboat during safety inspection?
17 who is in charge of the oily water separetor on board your ship?
The fourth engineer
18 what is the main purpose of PSC?
The main purpose of PSC inspection is to keep the safety of the ship and crew and avoid the pollution to the marine environment.
19 who takes charge of mainrenance and repair work of the lifeboat engine?
The fourth engineer
20 what would happen if your ship were found serious deficiencies during the PSC inspection?
The ship will be fined and detained
21 what does ISM stand for?
It stands for international safety management
22 what are the objectives of ISM code?
Provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships and for pollution prevention
23 what does SMS stand for?
It stands for safety management system
24 what is SMC?
It stands for safety management certificate.
25 what is DPA in ISM code?
It stands for designated person ashore
26 what is NCR in ISM code?
Non-conformity Report/Record.
27 what does PSCO stand for?
Port state control officer
28 what is the requirement of oil content pumped out overboard?
Not more than 15 ppm
29 what do you know about MARPOL?
MARPOL stands for the international convention for the prevention of pollution from
专业词汇Special Terms 第一部分柴油机 Diesel Engine 二冲程船用柴油机 two stroke marine diesel engine 四冲程船用柴油机 four stroke marine diesel engine 高（中，低）速柴油机 high(medium,lower)speed engine 气缸 cylinder 气缸盖 cylinder cover(cylinder head) 苏尔寿发动机 Sulzer engine B&W型发动机 Burmeister and Wain engine 哥塔维根型发动机 Gotaverken engine 曼恩型发动机 M.A.N.engine V型发动机 V-type engine 直流扫气式发动机 uniflow scavenging type engine 回流扫气式发动机 loop flow scavenging type engine 横流扫气式发动机 crow-flow scavenging type
engine 十字头式发动机 crosshead engine 筒形活塞式发动机 trunk-ppiston engine 涡轮增压式发动机 turbocharge engine 固定部件 fixed parts 耐磨部件 wear parts 运动部件 moving parts 互换部件 interchangeable parts 气缸套 cylinder liner 示功阀 indicator cock(indicator valve) 安全阀 safety valve 气缸启动阀cylinder air starting valve 缸套顶圈 head ring for cylinder liner 排气阀 exhaust valve 进气阀 air inlet valve(suction valve) 气阀传动机构 valve driving mechanism 顶杆 tapper rod 推杆 push rod
中华人民共和国海事局 2009年第5期海船船员适任证书全国统考试题(总第48期) 科目：轮机英语试卷代号：803 适用对象：无限、近洋航区3000KW及以上船舶大管轮 （本试卷卷面总分100分，及格分为70分，考试时间为100分钟） 答题说明：请选择一个最合适的答案，并将该答案按答题卡要求，在其相应位置上用2B铅笔涂黑。第1题至82题，每题1分，第83题至94题，每题1.5分。 一、单项选择题： 1. The reason why more and more of the large merchant vessels are being powered by medium-speed diesel engines is . A. they operate between 150 and 450 rpm B. they are connected to the propeller by gearing C. their smaller size and weight D. they can be connected directly to the propeller without gearing 2. The closing of the exhaust valves used on a modern, large, low-speed, main propulsion diesel engine may be directly provided by . A. large conical springs B. compressed air pressure C. hydraulic pressure D. exhaust gas pressure 3. One of the factors limiting the amount of toad which can be put on a modem marine diesel engine is the . A. governor sensitivity B. exhaust temperature C. fuel injection pressure D. speed of the cam shaft 4. The desirable properties or a marine fuel oil should inc lude . A. high flash point and high viscosity B. low flash point and high viscosity C. low heating value and high sulphur content D. high heating value and low sulphur content 5. As the plunger moves upwards in the barrel, injection will commence once the plunger bas the spill ports and the pressure builds up. A. opened up B. closed off C. lined up D. taken off 6. In an auxiliary diesel engine bypass type lubricating oil system, the main lube oil pump forces . A. all of the oil used by the engine through a filter B. some of the oil used by the engine through a filter C. some of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge D. all of the oil used by the engine through a centrifuge 7. Because the circulating water is in a closed loop, is installed to cater for expansion and contraction of the water at different conditions of operation. A. an expansion joint B. a drain tank C. a head tank D. a contraction tank 8. The high air velocity leaving the compressor of an exhaust gas turbocharger is converted to pressure in the . A. inlet nozzle ring B. turbine wheel blade C. diffuser passages D. inlet volute 9. is usually driven by the engine camshaft and supplies pilot air to the cylinder air start valve. A. An air receiver B. An operating valve C. An automatic valve D. An air distributor 10. Diesel engines driving alternators operating in parallel must maintain a set frequency regardless of load changes. The governor characteristic used to accomplish this is known as . A. actuation B. sensitivity C. compensation D. promptness 11. By comparing the exhaust gas temperature of each cylinder, the operator can determine if the load is balanced throughout the engine. The device most commonly used is a . A. tachometer B. pyrometer C. dynamometer D. calorimeter 12. When the ship is going to enter into the harbor, ____. A. change from heavy fuel oil to diesel oil for main engine B. pumping out bilge water C. change sea chest from high level one to lower level one D. test emergency generator 13. If the jacket water temperature rises rapidly above normal in a diesel engine, you should first . A. place standby cooler in operation B. reduce engine toad C. check thermostatic valve D. clean sea water strainer 14. Air cocks, usually positioned at the in a circulating system, is used to get rid of the air in the system. A. bending joint B. expansion tank C. weld D. the highest point 15. Which of the following conditions could contribute to the cracking of a diesel engine cylinder head? A. Leaking seal ring B. Insufficient heat transfer from the exhaust valves C. Blocked cooling water passages to the head D. Excessive scavenging air provided to the engine 16. of an engine crankshaft can be detected by measuring deflections of' crank webs for each unit of the engine. A. Misalignment B. Length C. Strength D. Stresses 17. can be a direct cause of faulty operation of diesel engine fuel injection nozzles. A. Excessive fuel nozzle holder cooling B. Sediment in the fuel supply C. Distortion of the fuel spray pattern D. Improper atomization of the fuel 18. When fuel is injected late into a diesel engine cylinder . A. the exhaust will be clear B. fuel consumption will be low C. all the fuel will be burned at top dead center D. fuel consumption will be high 19. A large change in ambient temperature, or using an oil of a viscosity different than the one recommended by the manufacturer in a mechanical hydraulic governor, will result m the need to adjust the . A. pilot valve opening B. compensating needle valve C. compensating spring tension D. accumulator spring tension 20. Which of the following factors tends to increase scale formation on the saltwater side of a heat exchanger used in a diesel engine cooling water system? A. Baffle plates that have been bent during prior removal. B. Leaks m the cooler tube nest. C. Operating the engine while maintaining a high sea water outlet temperature. D. A punctured sea water strainer supplying cooling water to the heat exchanger. 21. If the scavenge fire is of a more major nature, if there is a risk of the fire extending or if the scavenge trunk is adjacent to the crankcase with risk of a hot spot developing it sometimes becomes necessary to the engine. A. stop B. start C. speed up D. slow down 22. In an operating diesel engine, which of the following conditions is an indication of a leaking air starting valve?
北极星电力 中国电力联盟 孤独不孤 5854210 zzw19890219 豆丁 5854210 汽轮机英语词汇 TURBINE VOCABULARY I Power station电站 1. power station电站 2. power plant电站，发电设备 3. utility电力部门 4.independent power producer (IPP)独立发电项目，独立发电站 5.nuclear power station核电站 6. thermal power station火电站 7. fossil (fired) power plant化石燃料电站，常规火电站 8. combined heat power (CHP) plant热电联供机组 9. steam power plant蒸汽电站，蒸汽发电设备 10. cogeneration power station热电联供电站 11. coal fired power plant燃煤电站 12. oil fired power plant燃油电站 13. gas filed power plant燃气电站 14. LNG power plant (liquefied natural gas)燃液化天然气电站 15. BoP (balance of plant)电站辅机 16. I&C (instrumentation and control)仪表和控制系统 II Turbine透平，涡轮 17. Turbine透平，涡轮 18. steam turbine汽轮机 19. gas turbine燃气轮机 20. nuclear turbine核电汽轮机 21. fossil turbine火电汽轮机
船舶英语 目录 一.职位及工种 (Titles and type of work) (1) 二、柴油机类 (Words about diesel engine) (3) 三、船舶机械类 (Words about marine machinery) ·· 11 四、阀门(Words about valve) (14) 五、泵类(Words about pump) (16) 六、甲板机械类（Deck machinery） (18) 七、工具类(Word about tools) (20) 八、常用物料(Material in common use) 26 九、常用紧固件 (Part of fixation in common use) (28) 十、常用油类(Oil in common use) (28) 十一、常用量词 (Quantifier in common use) (29) 十二、国家名称(Name of country) 。 30 十三、常用缩语 (abbreviation in common use) (31) 十四、船用动态常用单词(marine tends word) 32 十五、船舶机电设备操作词汇 (manipulate of marine equipment) ·33 十六、故障常用单词 (words about malfunction) (35) 十七、保养检修常用词汇 (Words about maintain and examination) 38 十八、常用数字(Numeral in common use) 40 十九、时间、季节与方向 (Time、Season and Direction) (42) 二十常用词组（Phrases in common use）·45 二十一、常用动词和例句 (Verb in common use and example) (48) 二十二、问候和常用表达语 (Greeting and common expression) (67) 二十三、主机提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for main engine) 68 二十四、空压机和空气系统用语 (Air compressor and Air system) (75) 二十五、锅炉提交用语 (Delivery expressions for boiler) (77) 二十六、锚绞车提交过程用语(Delivery expressions for anchor windlass) 79 二十七、舵机提交过程用语 (Steering gear delivering) (87) 二十八、付机提交过程用语 （Delivery expression for A/E） (91) 二十九、救生艇提交过程用语 (Delivery expressions for lifeboat) ··92 三十、其他提交项目 (Delivery expressions for other items) (95) 三十一、甲板机械系泊试验 (Mooring test for deck machinery) (96) 三十二、机舱设备系泊试验 (Mooring test for the equipment in E/R) (98) 三十三、谈论故障常用语 （Expressions for trouble） (100) 三十四、谈论检修常用语 (Expressions for overhaul) (101) 三十五、谈论试验和检验 (Talking about test & check) (103) 三十六、谈论技术要求 (Talking about technology required) (105) 一．职位及工种(Titles and type of work) 1．船长 Captain 2．大副 Chief officer 3．二副 Second officer 4．三副 Third officer 5．四副 Fourth officer 6．水手长 Boatswain 7．水手 Sailor & Seaman 8．木匠 Carpenter 9．轮机长 Chief engineer 10．大管轮 Second engineer 11．二管轮 Third engineer 12．三管轮 Fourth engineer 13．机匠长 Chief motorman 15．机匠 Fitter 16．加油工 Oil man 17．大电 Chief electrician 18．电工 Electrician 19．车间主任 Workshop director 20．工长 Section chief 21．班长 Fore man 22．钳工 Fitter 23．主管工程师 Engineer in charge 24．机务&船东 Superintendent &Super &Owner 25．助理工程师 Assistant engineer 26．验船师（机）Register 27．验船师（船）Surveyor 28．油漆工 Painter 29．焊工 Welder 30．大橱 Chief cook 31．物料员 Store keeper 32．加油工 Oiler 33．机工 Mechanic 34．甲板员 Deck man 35．电线工 Wireman 36．外包工 Laborer 37．铸工 Molder 38．管子工 Pipe fitter 39．起重工 Crane operator 二、柴油机类(Words about diesel engine) 1．主机 Main engine 2．二冲程柴油机 Two-stroke diesel engine 3．四冲程柴油机 Fore-stroke diesel engine 4．高速柴油机 High speed diesel engine 5．中速柴油机 Middle speed diesel engine 6．低速柴油机 Low speed diesel engine 7．气缸盖(缸头) Cylinder head 8．安全阀 Safety valve 9．释放阀 Relief valve 10．示功阀 Indicator valve 11．示功考克 Indicator cock 12．空气起动阀 Air starting valve 13．起动空气分配器 Air starting distributor 14．油头(燃油喷射器) Fuel injector 15．排气阀 Exhaust valve 16．气缸套 Cylinder liner 17．冷却水套 Cooling water jacket 18．气缸注油器 Cylinder lubricator 19．活塞 Piston 20．活塞头 Piston crown 21．活塞裙 Piston skirt 22．活塞销 Piston gudgeon pin 24．活塞杆 Piston rod 25．活塞环 Piston ring 26．活塞环槽 Piston ring groove 27．压缩环 (气环) Compression ring 28．刮油环 (油环) Oil scraper ring 29．减磨令 Wear ring (copper ring) 30．伸缩管(水拉管) Telescopic pipe 31．活塞冷却空间 Piston cooling space 32．填料箱(函) Stuffing box 33．填料箱密封环Sealing ring for Stuffing box 34．填料箱压缩环 Pressure ring for Stuffing box 35．填料箱刮油环Scraper ring for Stuffing box 36．扫气箱 Scavenging receiver 37．扫气口 Scavenging port 38．排气口 Exhaust port 39．十字头 Cross head 40．十字头销 Crosshead pin 41．十字头轴承 Crosshead bearing 42．十字头滑块 Crosshead slipper 43．滑块 Guide shoe 44．十字头导板 Crosshead guide plate 45．连杆 Connecting rod 46．连杆大端轴承 Bid end bearing 47．连杆小端轴承 Small end bearing 48．曲柄轴承 Crank bearing 49．曲柄销 Crank pin 50．曲轴 Crank shaft 51．曲轴颈 Crank journal 52．曲柄臂 Crank web 53．拐档差 Crank deflection 54．主轴承 Main bearing 55．主轴颈 Main journal 56．轴承瓦 Bearing bush 57．上轴瓦 Upper bearing bush 58．上轴瓦 Upper half 59．下轴瓦 Lower bearing bush 60．下轴瓦 Lower half 61．推力轴承 Thrust bearing 62．推力块 Thrust pad 63．推力盘 Thrust disc 64．推力轴 Thrust shaft 65．底座 Bed plate 66．机架 Frame 67．曲柄箱 Crank case 68．曲柄箱导门 Crank case door 69．曲柄箱防爆门 Explosion-proof Crank case. 70．定时齿轮 Timing gear 71．飞轮 Flying wheel 72．凸轮 Cam 73．凸轮轴 Cam shaft 74．喷油凸轮 Fuel injection cam 75．链条 Chain 76．链条轮 Chain wheel 77．链条箱 Chain box 78．推杆 Push rod 79．摇臂 Rocker arm 80．排气阀 Exhaust valve 81．吸气阀 Suction valve 82．排气总管 Exhaust manifold 83．进气总管 Air inlet manifold 84．高压燃油管 High pressure fuel pipe 85．活塞冷却水管 Piston cooling water pipe 86．法兰 Flange 87．贯穿螺栓 Tie bolt (tie rod) 89．滑油泵 Lubricating oil pump 90．燃油泵 Fuel oil pump 91．滑油泵齿轮 Gear for lubricating oil pump 92．燃油泵齿轮 Gear for fuel oil pump 93．叶轮 Impeller 94．柱塞 Plunger 95．导杆 Guide rod 96．导套 Sleeve 97．滚动轴承 Ball bearing 98．滑动轴承 Sliding bearing 99．推力滚动轴承Thrust ball bearing 100．推力面 Thrust surface (thrust side) 101．盘车机 Turning gear 102．增压器 Turbocharger 103．涡轮机(透平) Turbine 104．涡轮 Turbine wheel 105．涡轮叶片 Turbine blade 106．喷嘴 Nozzle 107．废气叶轮 Exhaust impeller 108．废气叶轮片 Exhaust blade 109．废气端 Exhaust side 110．透平端 Turbine side 111．转子轴 Rotor shaft 112．油泵 L.O.pump 113．换向装置 Reversing device 114．换向伺服期 Reversing servomotor 115．压气机(鼓风机) Blower 116．膨胀接 Expansion joint 117．调速器 governor 118．飞重 Flying weight 119．补偿阀 Compensate valve 120．针阀 Needle valve 121．开口销 Cotter pin 122．轴封 Shaft seal 123．机械密封 Machinery seal 4
汽轮机常用英文缩写（一） BOPMS balance of plant master system 主控顺序 BP base plate 底版，支撑板 BPSbypass control system 旁路控制系统 BRG bearing 轴承 BW backwash 反洗 BYP bypass 旁路 CAB cabinet 小室 CAEP condenser air extraction pump 真空泵 CAV cavity 空腔 CAVIT cavitation 汽蚀 CC closing coil 闭式循环 CCCW closed circuit cooling water CCCWP closed circuit cooling water pump 却水泵 CCW condenser circulating water A/M ADS AGC AOP AOV AST A-STP A-STRT ATC auto/manual 自动/ 手动 automatic dispatch system automatic generator control auxiliaty oil pump air operated valve automatic stop trip auto stop auto start 自动调度系统 机组自动发电控制 辅助油泵 汽动门 自动停机跳闸系统 自动停止 自动启动 automatic turbine control 汽轮机自动控制 A-TRIP auto trip AUX auxiliary BAF baffle BASE base BBL barrel BF boiler follow BKUP backup 自动跳闸 辅助的 隔板 基本方式 圆筒型支架 锅炉跟随方式 备用 机组辅助设备 闭式循环冷却水 闭式循环冷 循环水
P35 Task 3 Topic diesel engine and gasline engine internal combustion engine Diesel:compressed-burning Gasoline: igniting-burning
P43 Task 3 Topic fuel oil system 1)Structure:double bottom tanks , heaters , tanks , filters , and so on 2)Function:settling tank---separate the solid from the oil , service tank---store the oil for using 3)Safety:viscosity regulator , pressure regulating valve
P61 Task 3 Topic 1 lube oil system 1)Reasons:form oil film , reduce friction and wear 2)Functions:provide films , remove heat , neutralize acidic 3)Management:centrifuged continuously , heating and settling , analysis every three months
P73 Task 2 1.black smoke--incompleted combustion 2.yellow smoke--highly sulphur content of fuel oil 3.blue smoke--lube oil leak to fuel oil / combustion chamber 4.white smoke--highly water content of fuel oil
轮机英语词汇 1、pump 泵 ①Supply pump供给泵②transfer pump 输送泵 ③circulating pump 循环泵④bilge pump 舱底水泵 ⑤ballast pump 压载水泵 1、tank ①drain tank 泄放柜②service tank 日用柜 ③settling tank沉淀柜④storage tank 储存柜 ⑤circulating tank 循环柜⑥used oil tank 废油柜 ⑦buffer tank 缓冲柜⑧overflow tank 溢流柜 ⑨Collecting tank 收集柜⑩expansion water tank 膨胀水箱 2、water ①sea water (S.W.) 海水②fresh water (F.W.)淡水 ③operating water 工作水④sanitary water 卫生水 ⑤washing water冲洗水⑥refilling water 再注水 ⑦feed water给水⑧condensate water 冷凝水 ⑨bilge water 舱底水⑩sewage污水 2、oil ①fuel oil (F.O.) 燃油②lubricating oil (L.O.) 滑油 ③engine oil 机油④cylinder oil 气缸油 ⑤diesel oil (D.O.) 柴油⑥turbine oil 透平油 ⑦cool oil 冷却油⑧seal oil 密封油 3、temperature (temp) 温度 4、flow 流量 5、pressure（press）压力 6、power 功率 10、level 液位 11、vibration 振动 12、normal/abnormal 正常/异常 13、main/auxiliary (aux.) 主要/辅助的 14、inlet/exhaust 进气/排气 15、fire alarm 火警 16、fail/failure 故障 17、overload 过载 18、no-voltage 失电 19、leak/leakage 泄漏 20、wrong-way 错向 21、insulation(insul) 绝缘 22、oil mist 油雾 23、viscosity 粘度 24、density 浓度 25、salinity 盐度 26、oil content 油含量
船舶轮机英语单词总结 A layer of lubricant 润滑层 abrasive 有磨蚀的 accommodation 住舱 accommodation ladder 舷梯 accommodation 居住舱室 Accomplish 完成，达到，实现 activate 使活动，起动 Adjustment 调整 Administrative offices 管理办公室 adopt 采用 advantage 优势，优点，效益应用 affect 影响 Aforesaid 上述的，前述的（常用于法律文件） aft ballast tank 艉压载舱 Aggregate 合计，总计 air cushion craft 气垫船 air draught 水面上高度 air pipes，sounding pipes and overflow pipes 空气管、测量管和溢流管路alarm 警报器 alkalinity 碱度，碱性 all duties pump 总用泵 alloy 合金 alternative 替换物，选择对象 alternator 交流发电机 aluminum 铝 Aluminum 铝 among 在……之中 Analyze 分析 anchor 锚 anchor arrangement 锚泊设备 anchor bell 锚钟 anchor hoisting winch 起锚绞车 anchor light 锚灯 Anchorage 锚地 Anchor-heaving trial 抛锚试验 anti-corrosive oil 防腐油 Aperture 孔，穴 Applicant 申请者 Applicant 申请者 application 应用 application 应用，运用 Approach 方法，步骤，途径
rotational speed：转速 capacity: 功率 steam turbine: 蒸汽轮机 gas turbine: 燃气轮机 speed reduction ratio: 减速比displacement: 排量 flexible coupling: 柔性联轴节 maintenance interval：检修周期 gasoline engine：汽油机 draft：吃水线 torsional vibration damper: 减振器 torque：扭矩 prime mover：原动机 be aligned with: 与…对中 alignment：对中 thermal efficiency：热效率 loop scavenge：回流扫气 cross scavenge：横流扫气 uniflow scavenge：直流扫气 supercharge：增压 tappet clearance：挺杆间隙 spark plug：火花塞 indicator diagram：示功图 indicator cards：示功图 mechanical efficiency：机械效率compressed air: 压缩空气 coolant：冷却剂 occur：发生 spray of fuel: 雾状燃油，油雾 timing: 定时 foul: 使…脏污 fouling：污垢，脏污 stuffing box：填料函，填料箱 atmospheric pressure：大气压 camshaft：凸轮轴 cam：凸轮 internal combustion engine：内燃机 MIP（mean indicated pressure）：平均指示压力combustion chamber：燃烧室 compression ratio：压缩比 cylinder bore: 缸径 overlap：重叠 cross-head pin：十字头销 bearing shell：轴瓦 drill：钻孔，钻井，演习 angle：角度 expose：暴露，打开cycle：工作循环 uncover：打开 descending piston：下行的活塞 value：值，数值 decrease：降低，下降 increase：上升，增加 governor：调速器 governor weight：调速器的飞重 fuel injection：燃油喷射，喷油 reliability：可靠性 stroke coefficient：冲程系数 give off：释放，放出 naturally aspirated：自然吸气的，自然换气的admit：准许进入 intake valve：进气阀 linear motion：直线运动 rotary motion：回转运动 atomization：雾化 cylinder firing pressure：气缸的爆炸压力 be subjected to: 受到，遭受，承受 ignition lag：滞燃期 ignition delay period：滞燃期 degree：程度，学位 back pressure：背压 thermal energy：热能 mechanical energy: 机械能 clockwise：顺时针地 turbocharger：涡轮增压器 brake horsepower：制动马力 friction：摩擦 single acting：单作用式的 blow down：排气 mixing：混合的 mixture: 混合物 advantage：优势，优点 disadvantage：劣势，缺点 compare：对比 rocker arm：摇臂 foundation：基础 support：支撑，支持 maintenance access：维修通道 doors：道门 in-line engine：直列式柴油机 Vee engine：V型柴油机 connecting rod large end bearing：连杆大端轴承connecting rod small end bearing：连杆小端轴承cast iron：铸铁
轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点及翻译摘要：研究轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点，重点探讨轮机英语名词性专业术语 构词特点、词法特点和语义特点，并讨论轮机英语名词性专业术语的翻译方法和 翻译技巧． 关键词：轮机英语；名词性专业术语；特点；翻译技巧 The characteristics of nominal terms of marine engineering English and their translation Abstract The characteristics of special nominal terms of marine engineering English are explored with a focus on three aspects----word formation，morphology and semantics．The translation techniques employed in translating special nominal terms of marine engineering English are also discussed． Key words marine engineering English；special nominal terms；characteristics； translation techniques 0 引言 轮机英语中有大量的名词性专业术语，这些术语在构词法、词法和语义等方面都有它自身的特点，这些特点又决定了其在汉译时必须选取特定的翻译方法和翻译技巧，因此，掌握轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点以及了解相应的翻译方法和技巧对于学习和翻译轮机英语是非常重要的．确实有一批工程技术人员，他们了解船舶机械的构造和原理，英语功底也比较好，而且对翻译表现出浓厚的兴趣，但是在翻译轮机英语时常常会感到茫然，原因之一可能就是由于对轮机英语中名词性专业术语的特点不够熟悉，对相应的翻译方法和翻译技巧缺乏分析和掌握．本文尝试归纳出轮机英语名词性专业术语的几个特点，并有针对性地提出翻译方法和技巧，以期对提高轮机英语的翻译质量有所帮助． 1 轮机英语名词性专业术语的特点 轮机英语属于科技英语，其词汇具有科技英语词汇的特点，如大量使用专用词汇，常用词汇具有专业意义，词性的转换较多等等．此外，轮机英语名词性专