北京大学博士生考试基础词汇汇总

1 Unit Four Text: The Many Faces of the Future Samuel P. Huntington 1. elite : n (常作贬义) ) social social social group group group considered considered to to be be be the the the best best best or or or most most most important important important because because because of of of their their power, talent, wealth, etc （由于有权力、 才能、 财富等）被视为最好的或最重要的社会集团; 精英; 尖子: the ruling, scientific elite 掌权的、 科学方面的精英 | an elite force, regiment 精锐部队、 团. ---All ---All the the the glamorous glamorous glamorous Washington Washington elite elite were were were at at at the the dinner that evening. ---Only a small elite can afford to send their children to this school. ---The Parachute Regiment are the elite of the British armed forces. ---The ---The President President has has been been been accused accused accused of of of developing developing policies in favor of a small elite.2. scenario: pl. scenarios [C], n (pl ~s) 1（电影、影、 戏剧等的）脚本、戏剧等的）脚本、 剧情概要等. . 2 2 2 imagined imagined sequence of future events 想像中的未来事情的顺序: a possible scenario for war 战争中可能出现的情况. ---Imagine a scenario where only 20% of people have a job. possible/likely/plausible/worst-case/nightmare scenario ---Under a likely scenario , world population will double by 2050. ---The worst-case worst-case scenario scenario was that that he he would would have have have to to have an operation.More Examples: ---A A common common common scenario scenario is is that that that a a a woman woman woman marries marries marries and and sacrifices her career for her husband. ---In a worst-case scenario all life on the planet would be wiped out by a nuclear war. ---This is every politician's nightmare scenario. ---Under the most hopeful scenario, it will take 20 years to clean up the mess.3. fad : : n n n something something something that that that is is is fashionable fashionable fashionable for for for a a a short short short time; time; =craze; =craze; fashion, fashion, fashion, interest, interest, interest, preference, preference, preference, enthusiasm, enthusiasm, enthusiasm, etc etc that is not likely to last 流行的时尚、流行的时尚、 爱好、爱好、 狂热等: ---Will --Will T om T om continue continue continue to collect to collect stamps or is it it only a only a passing fad?汤姆还在集邮呢, 还是热劲已过? ---Interest in organic food is not a fad, it's here to stay. ---Is blogging a fad? ---They know this is just another fad. ---This is not simply a passing fad. Ø faddish: faddish: =faddy, =faddy, intensely intensely fashionable fashionable fashionable for for for a a a short short time, 风行的，时尚的，流行的风行的，时尚的，流行的 Ø faddist ：a person who subscribes to a variety of fads 4. recipient : n ~ (of sth) person who receives sth 接受者. ---The ---The federal federal federal Family Family Family Support Support Support Act Act of of 1988 1988 1988 required required many welfare recipients to participate in education, training, or work. ---Three minutes later, the computer prints out a list of of 60 60 60 names names names of of of suitable suitable suitable recipients, recipients, recipients, together together together with with their relevant data.5. gadget : n small mechanical device or tool 小机械; 小器具: a complicated new gadget for opening tins 复杂的新开罐器. ---A sales assistant was demonstrating several kitchen gadgets to a crowd of shoppers. ---He showed her several electronic gadgets , such as a watch that you can use as a phone. ---It's a clever little gadget which you can use to cut vegetables into attractive shapes. Ø gadgetry: n [U]小机械, 小器具（统称）: lots of modern gadgetry 很多现代化的小机械. ---I don't understand how all this electronic gadgetry works. ---The gadgetry is impressive but what are its human applications?6. antagonistic : adj ~ to/towards sb/sthshowing or feeling antagonism; hostile; averse 对抗的; 敌对的: 同义词： hostile, hostile, adverse, adverse, adverse, opposed, opposed, resistant---He's always antagonistic towards new ideas. 他总是抗拒新思想。

北京大学考古文博学院考古学及博物馆学2015考博英语暑期强化必背200个句型2015年打算考博的同学们，一定要知道这个暑期是强化复习的关键阶段，对于考博英语基础薄弱的同学更应该合理地计划下怎么的一个复习流程。

巧妙的采用背诵记忆方法，多多培养语感，这样答题时就会轻松很多，同时对于英语写作更有很大的帮助!下面育明考博考博英语辅导张老师为同学们总结了暑期强化必备的200个句型，在记忆词汇，增强阅读速度，培养语感的同时提高写作分数。

加油哦!!!联系我们扣扣：四九三三七一六二六。

电话：四零零六六八六九七八。

131.In the first place,some aspects of the traditional technology and methods are harmful and hampering the development of modern technology science。

首先，传统技术方法有些部分是有害的，并且会阻碍现代科技的发展。

132.Although modern science and technology have proved that such methods are absurd,there are still millions of people use such methods in many remote places nowadays。

尽管现代科学技术已经证明了这些方法是愚昧的，然而在许多偏僻的地方，仍有成千上万的人们在使用这些方法。

133.In the second place,many values of traditional technology are out of date and should be replaced by modern science。

第二点，许多传统技术方法已经过时，应被现代科技所取代。

134.Although many people tend to live under the illusion that traditional technology and methods are still playing extremely important role in people''s life,an increasing evidences show that it is less useful than many people think。

北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题2分）1. The company has been ________ for over a century.A. establishedB. establishingC. to establishD. being established答案：A2. Despite the heavy rain, the match will be held as ________.A. planB. plannedC. planningD. to plan答案：B3. The professor suggested that we ________ a meeting to discuss the issue.A. arrangeB. arrangedC. arrangingD. will arrange答案：A4. The book is worth ________.A. to readB. readC. readingD. being read答案：C5. The problem is too difficult for us ________.A. to solveB. solvingC. solvedD. being solved答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每题3分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。

The rise of artificial intelligence has brought about significant changes in various industries. Companies are now using AI to improve efficiency, reduce costs, and enhance customer experiences. However, with the rapid advancement of technology, there are concerns about job displacement and privacy issues.6. What is the main focus of the passage?A. The impact of AI on industriesB. The benefits of AIC. The concerns about AID. The advancement of technology答案：A7. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a benefit of AI?A. Improved efficiencyB. Reduced costsC. Enhanced customer experiencesD. Increased job opportunities答案：D8. What is the concern associated with AI?A. Job displacementB. Increased efficiencyC. Reduced costsD. Enhanced customer experiences答案：A9. What can be inferred from the passage?A. AI is only used in certain industries.B. AI is a threat to privacy.C. AI is being embraced by companies.D. AI has no benefits.答案：C10. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To promote AIB. To criticize AIC. To inform about AID. To encourage debate about AI答案：C三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In the past, people used to believe that the world was flat. However, with the discovery of new lands and the development of navigational tools, this belief was gradually __11__.11. A. changedB. alteredC. modifiedD. transformed答案：A12. The explorers' voyages led to a __12__ understanding of the world.A. clearB. distinctC. preciseD. accurate答案：D13. As a result, the concept of a spherical Earth became__13__.A. acceptedB. acknowledgedC. recognizedD. known答案：A14. Today, we take for granted the fact that the Earth is round, but in the past, it was a __14__ idea.A. revolutionaryB. radicalC. groundbreakingD. innovative答案：A15. The __15__ of the Earth's shape has had a profound impact on science and exploration.A. realizationB. perceptionC. understandingD. comprehension答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题10分）16. 随着互联网的普及，人们获取信息的方式发生了巨大变化。

北京大学教育学院教育管理（教育博士）考博指导-育明考博一、2016年考博英语复习资料推荐（育明教育考博分校课程辅导中心）2.1关于考博英语资料虽然说北京大学自己命题，但是考试的难度和题型是非常中规中矩的，和其他学校没有什么大的区别，其实各个学校的考博英语都没有多大的区别。

为什么每一个学校都不公布考博英语的真题呢？很大一个原因就是存在互相抄袭的情况，有的都到了让人叹为观止的地步。

英语这门学科和专业课的准备方法很不相同，英语必须要有实力，我们提倡“高能高分，高分高能”，实力是最重要的。

但是不是让大家漫无目的的学，准备考博英语是有方法的，我们聘请了研究考博英语的专家北外英语系系主任夏岩教授作为考博英语课题组长，在研究各个学校的考题的基础上，发现了各个学校出题很有共性，在此基础上夏教授牵头编写了一套资料，包括词汇、完型、翻译、作文、语法等九部分，凡是用过的同学无不受益匪浅。

其中《考博英语真题解析》这本书已经由河北工业大学出版社正式出版了，这本书是夏岩教授精心挑选的引用率最高的学校的试题，大家务必好好做做，考试的时候说不定就有惊喜。

2.2关于考博英语资料《2016年考博英语复习资料》由育明考博的英语辅导专家组共同编写。

该套资料针对考博英语的题型、考察重点、出题形式、出题范围，并结合了具有代表性的各大院校考博英语试题命题组老师的著作、上课课件以及英语等级考试试题，从而可以在短期内有效地提升广大考生的英语应试能力。

（资料可以邮寄）全套资料目录：（一）、2016版《考博英语真题解析》，育明考博编著河北大学出版社出版，北外教授夏岩主编，育明考博资料中心共同编著。

包含全国20多所具有代表性的院校考博英语真题集最为详尽的答案解析、作文模板，是广大考博人必备的考博英语复习资料。

（二）、考博英语各专项复习资料1.词汇备考资料：（1）考博英语词汇讲义及真题举例（2）博士研究生英语考试大纲重点词汇（3）考博英语高频词汇、短语汇总（4）全国重点院校博士英语词汇真题精选（5）英语教授讲座稿件（考博英语词汇）2.完形填空备考资料：（1）考博英语完形填空讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语完形填空基础夯实练习3.阅读理解备考资料：（1）考博英语阅读理解讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（中级）（3）考博英语阅读理解精选精练精讲（高级）4.翻译备考资料：（1）考博英语翻译讲义及指导练习（2）考博英语翻译重要方法分析（3）考博英语翻译常见单词和词组的正确处理方式（4）考博英语翻译精讲与强化（5）考博英语翻译致胜押题20篇5.写作备考资料：（1）考博英语写作讲义及指导练习（2）育明老师考博英语作文评分等级点评参考（3）考博英语写作各部分优秀参考公式（4）考博英语优秀范文精选（5）育明优秀学员作文笔记精选及写作模板（6）2015考博英语作文押题35篇（三）、精选考博英语命题可参照院校的考博真题及解析1.北京大学考博英语真题解析（一套）2.清华大学考博英语真题解析（一套）3.复旦大学考博英语真题解析（一套）4.中科院考博英语真题解析（一套）5.厦门大学考博英语真题解析（一套）6.同济大学考博英语真题解析（一套）7.武汉大学考博英语真题解析（一套）（四）、2016年考博英语名师押题及解析（共3套）二、北京大学教育博士考博专业课参考书教育管理综合：1.《现代教育学基础》，（日）筑波大学教育学会编，钟启泉译，上海教育出版社20032.《教育哲学》，张楚廷著，教育科学出版社，20063.《高等教育理念》，（英）罗纳德.巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20124.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞主编，人民教育出版社，20115.《大学运行模式》，[美]伯恩鲍姆，别敦荣译，中国海洋大学出版社，20036.《高等教育运行机制研究》，闵维方主编，人民教育出版社，20027.《高等教育系统》，[美]伯顿·克拉克，杭州大学出版社，1994育明教育考博课程部陈老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

北京大学2015考博英语词汇文档(4)在考博英语的基础复习阶段，词汇的记忆是该阶段的集中复习期。

以下为育明考博频道特别整理的《2015考博英语大纲词汇文档》。

请同学们熟记!全国免费电话：四零零六六八六九七八.2015考博交流群：一零五六一九八二零。

联系我们扣扣：二四七八七四八零五四或者四九三三七一六二六。

baby n.婴儿；年龄最小的人；小动物 a.婴儿似的bachelor n.单身汉;(亦作B-)学士(学位)back a.后面的ad.向后v.倒退；支持n.背；后面background n.背景,经历；幕后backward a.向后的,倒行的;迟钝的ad.向后,朝反方向bacon n.咸猪肉,熏猪肉bacterium n.(pl.)bacteria细菌bad a.坏的；低劣的；不舒服的；腐败的；严重的badge n.徽章,像章；标记；象征；记号badly ad.非常，严重地；坏地，差地，拙劣地badminton n.羽毛球bag n.袋，提包v.把…装入袋中；猎杀；占有baggage n.行李bait n.饵，引诱物vt.用饵引诱；折磨，奚落bake v.烤,烘,焙;烧硬,焙干balance v.称,(使)平衡n.天平;平衡,均衡;差额,余款balcony n.阳台；(电影院等的)楼厅，楼座bald a.秃的,秃头的ball n.球(状物);(正式的)舞会vt.把…捏成球状ballet n.芭蕾舞，芭蕾舞剧；芭蕾舞团balloon n.气球,飞船；a.气球状的v.乘坐气球；膨胀ballot n.(不记名)投票；投票总数；投票权vi.投票ban v.取缔,查禁;(from)禁止n.禁止,禁令banana n.香蕉band n.条,带;乐队;波段;一群,一伙v.缚,绑扎bandage n.绷带v.用绷带扎缚bang n.砰砰的声音;猛击v.砰地关上,猛撞,猛击bank n.银行；岸,堤；vi.存入(经营)银行；信赖bankrupt a.破产的；彻底缺乏的vt.使破产n.破产者banner n.旗(帜)banquet n.(正式的)宴会vi.参加宴会vt.宴情bar n.条,杆,闩;酒吧;栅,障碍(物)v.闩上,阻拦barbecue n.烤肉；烤肉用的台架vt.炙烤(肉等) barber n.理发师bare a.赤裸的,空的;稀少的,仅有的v.露出,暴露barely ad.赤裸裸地,无遮蔽地;仅仅,勉强,几乎没有bargain n.廉价货;交易,契约,合同v.议价,成交bark vi.(狗等)吠，叫n.吠声，叫声；树皮barn n.谷仓,仓库barrel n.桶;枪管,炮管barren a.贫瘠的；不育的；(植物)不结果的；无用的barrier n.栅栏,屏障;障碍(物)base n.基础,底部;根据地v.(on)把…基于baseball n.棒球basement n.建筑物的底部,地下室,地窖basic a.基本的,基础的basin n.盆,脸盆;内海,盆地basis n.基础,根据basket n.筐，篮，篓basketball n.篮球，篮球运动bat n.球拍,球棒,短棒;蝙蝠batch n.一批,一组,一群bath n.沐浴,洗澡;浴室(池,盆)v.(给…)洗澡bathe v.游泳,洗澡,浸,弄湿bathroom n.浴室;盥洗室,卫生间battery n.电池(组)；(器具等的)一组，一套；炮兵连battle n.战役,战斗;斗争v.战斗,斗争,搏斗bay n.海湾,(港)湾be v.(就)是，等于；(存)在；到达，来到，发生beach n.海滩,湖滩,河滩beam n.(横)梁,桁条;(光线的)束,柱v.微笑bean n.豆;菜豆,蚕豆bear n.熊v.忍受,容忍;负担;结果实,生子女beard n.胡须bearing n.轴承；忍受；关系，影响；举止；方向beast n.兽,牲畜;凶残的人,举止粗鲁的人beat n.敲打;(心脏等)跳动v.打败;(心脏等)跳动beautiful a.美的，美丽的；出色的，完美的beauty n.美，美丽；美人，美丽的事物because conj.因为，由于become vi.变成，开始变得vt.适合，同…相称bed n.床,床位；(苗)床,坛；河床，(湖、海的)底bee n.蜂，蜜蜂；忙碌的人beef n.牛肉beer n.啤酒before prep.(指时间)在…以前,在..前面，在..之前beforehand ad.预先,事先beg vt.请求，乞求vi.恳请，行乞begin v.(began,begun)开始，着手beginning n.开始，开端；起源，早期阶段behalf n.利益behave v.举止,举动,表现;运转,开动behavior n.(behaviour)行为,举止；(机器等)运转情况behind prep.在...的背后，(遗留)在..后面；落后于being n.生物，生命,存在；belief n.信任，相信，信念；信仰，信条believe vt.相信，认为vi.相信，信任，信奉bell n.钟,铃belly n.肚子，腹部；(像肚子一样)鼓起的部分，膛belong v.(to)属于,附属,隶属;应归入(类别,范畴等) beloved a./n.受爱戴的,敬爱的;爱人,被心爱的人below prep.在…下面，在…以下ad.在下面，向下belt n.(皮)带,腰带;地带bench n.长凳,条凳;(工作)台,座bend v.(使)弯曲;屈从,屈服n.弯曲(处),曲折处beneath prep.在…下边,在…之下ad.在下方beneficial a.(to)有利的,有益的benefit n.利益,好处,恩惠v.有益于;(from,by)受益benign a.(病)良性的,(气候)良好的,仁慈的,和蔼的beside prep.在...旁边，在...附近；和...相比besides ad.此外；并且prep.于…之外；除…以外best a.最好的(good和well最高级)ad.最好地；最bet v.赌,打赌n.打赌,赌注betray v.背叛,出卖;暴露,流露,泄露better a.较好的ad.更好(地)v.改良n.较佳者本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

迦思佑英文词汇逻辑辨证记忆法纲要北京大学系列讲座(三)主讲：张纪元词汇量测试: holy(四级)、plight(六级)、exponent(考研)、oscillate(考博)、nimble(考博)词汇记忆的不科学和伪科学：一、非理解性的记忆方法。

如心理学中的记忆曲线、狂听狂读、阅读记忆、同义反义词辨析、逆序或乱序法等。

二、荒唐的理解。

如谐音法、联想法等。

三、理解的不充分，如词根词缀记忆法。

理性的构词法：waterfall ♦♦☜♐● n.瀑布, 瀑布似的东西convention / ☜⏹♏⏹☞☜⏹  n.1.习俗，惯例 2.公约，协议 3.（正式）会议，（定期）大会endorse ♓⏹♎♦ v.1.在(票据)背面签名, 背书 2.签注(文件), 认可, 签署 3.赞同，支持garnish ♑♋⏹♓☞  vt.加装饰，添加配菜dressing / ♎❒♏♦♓☠  n.1.（食物）调料 2.包扎伤口的用品，敷料 3.穿戴，打扮rash ❒✌☞ a.轻率的,鲁莽的n.1.疹,皮疹 2.(短时期内)爆发的一连串squirrel ♦♦♓❒☜● n.松鼠v.贮藏一刀纸、心心相印无人敢触及的研究领域：handout  ♒✌⏹♎♋◆♦ n. 1.捐赠品，救济品 2.政府的资助金3.宣传单4.（发给学生的）课堂讲义，课程大纲contribution / ⏹♦❒♓♌◆☞☜⏹  n.1.贡献，促成作用 2.捐款，捐献物 3.（投给报刊等）稿件sub ♦✈♌ n.1.潜艇 2.替补队员 3.地铁hold ♒☜◆●♎ vt.1.拿,捏 2.使保持某种状态(或姿态)3.掌握(权力),担任(职务等)4.拥有,持有,保存5.托住,支撑,维持6.认为,相信7.吸引8.占据,据守9.容纳10.举行,主持vi.1.支持住 2.持续,保持 3.有效,适用n.1.捏住,抓住 2.控制,掌握 3.船舱catch/get/take hold of idm(=to have or take sb/sth in your hand or to find someone or obtain something)v.握住，抓住；寻找（某人），获得（某事物）hold back phr v(=to not do something, often because of fear or because you do not want to make a bad situation worse)v.退缩；担心，犹豫，踌躇hold sth back phr v(=to keep information secret from someone on purpose)v.保守（秘密等），隐瞒hold sb/sth back phr v (=to make someone or something stop moving forward)v.阻挡，抑制hold sb down phr v(=to prevent sb from moving away or escaping use force)v.用力按住（某人）防止逃脱hold sb down phr v(=to prevent sb from having their freedom or right)v.剥夺（某人）的自由或权利hold sth down phr v(=to keep sth at a low level)v.使…保持在低水平hold forth to phr v(=to talk about a particular subject for a long time, often in a way that other people find boring)v.发表冗长冗长的议论hold off sth phr v (=to delay doing something)v.推迟，推延hold sb/sth off phr v(=to prevent someone who is trying to attack or defeat you from succeeding)v.阻止，抵挡hold on phr v (=to wait for a short time)v.等一会hold on to sth/sb phr v (=to hold something or someone firmly with your hands or your arms)v.用手和胳膊紧紧抓住(某人和某物)hold out (for sth)phr v (=to continue to demand, do or believe something, despite other people trying toforce you not to)v.坚持要求，坚持做或坚持信仰(某事)hold sth out phr v (=to offer a possibility, solution, hope etc)v.提出（某个可能性、解决方案和希望等）hold out phr v(=to continue to defend yourself against an enemy or attack without being defeated)v.苦苦抵御，决不屈服hold out phr v (=If a supply of something such as food or money holds out, there is enough of it to last fora particular period of time)v.持续，维持hold sth over phr v (=to show a film,play ect for longer than planned)v.延长(电影,戏剧等)的上映期hold sth over phr v (=to do or deal with something at a later time)v.延缓，推迟（做某事）hold sb/sth up phr v(=to delay someone or something)v.耽搁，延迟hold up sth phr v(=to rob a place or person by using violence)v.运用暴力手段抢劫(某个地方或某个人)东西hold sth up phr v(=to support something and prevent it from falling down)v.支持，支撑hold sth up as sth/hold up sth as sth phr v (=to use someone or something as an example of something,especially something very good)v.把…当作范例hold with sth phr v(=used in negative sentence or in question demonstrate agree with or approve of sth)v.（用于否定句和疑问句）同意，赞成不同于汉文的构词法：court/ ♦ n.1.法庭，法院 2.球场 3.宫廷，宫室 4.庭院，院子v.求爱，追求peer(par, appear)  ☐♓☜ n.1.同龄人,同等地位的人2.贵族vi.仔细看,费力地看bough ♌♋◆  n.大树枝, 主枝bow/ ♌♋◆  n.弓，弓形物languish ●✌☠♈♦♓☞ vi.憔悴, 凋萎, 衰退, 苦思anguish/ ✌☠♈♦♓☞/ n./ v.（精神或肉体的）极度痛苦concoct  ☜⏹♦  vt.编造，虚构；调制，调和cook / ◆  vt.烹调，煮，烧n.厨师，炊事员cane / ♏♓⏹  n.1.手杖 2.（藤、竹等的）茎cannon / ✌⏹☜⏹  n.大炮，火炮希腊文kanna=hollow stickcanoe / ☜⏹◆  n.独木舟vi.乘独木舟，划独木舟canyon / ✌⏹☜⏹  n.峡谷canteen ✌⏹♦♓⏹ n. 1.（学校、工厂等内部）提供饮食服务的地方，食堂, 餐厅2.食具箱, 饭盒, (士兵、旅游者等用的)水壶文字与文化：blue / ♌●◆  a.1.蓝色的 2.沮丧的，忧郁的 3.下流的，色情的n.蓝色yellow ♏●☜◆ n.黄色 a.1.黄色的2. (轻蔑语)黄皮肤的3.胆怯的yellow card, yellow linepurple  ☐☜☐● a.帝国的；高贵的社会地位n.帝王，皇权；修辞华丽的purple heart, purple patchred / ❒♏♎ n.红色, 红衣服, 红颜料, 赤字, 亏空 a.红(色)的, 革命的，左翼的，激进的candid / ✌⏹♎♓♎ / a.无偏见的, 公正的, 坦白的, 率直的candour  ✌⏹♎☜ n.直率,公正,洁白拉丁文candens=whitecandidate/ ✌⏹♎♓♎♏♓♦， ✌⏹♎♓♎♓♦  n.1.申请求职者 2.投考者 3.候选人candle/ ✌⏹♎●  n.蜡烛shit ☞♓♦ n.1.粪便，屎 2.垃圾，废话 3.胡说八道，蠢话 4.讨厌的人，可鄙的人int.呸！放屁vast ♦♦ a. 1.巨大的 2.辽阔的 3.大量的, 巨额的at length ad.经过一段长时间以后；详细地，详尽地at large ad./a.整体上，一般地；逍遥法外地（的）crooked / ❒◆♓♎  a.1.不老实的，不正当的，欺诈的 2.歪的，弯曲的，扭曲的英文词汇逻辑辨证记忆法的科学依据：1）用“古代科学”的研究方法(Deduction)讲解英文词汇的一词多义；2）用“近代科学”的研究方法(Induction)讲解英文构词的法则，从而揭开不同文化体思维的异同——文字只是表达思维的符号而已；3）通过理性推理讲解词源与基本词义的逻辑关系。

考博词汇全方位总结对于许多有志于攻读博士学位的学子来说，考博词汇的掌握是通往成功的关键一步。

考博词汇不仅数量众多，而且难度较大，需要我们花费大量的时间和精力去学习和积累。

接下来，让我们全方位地来总结一下考博词汇。

首先，考博词汇的特点之一就是专业性强。

不同的学科领域有着各自独特的专业词汇，例如在医学领域，有“cardiovascular（心血管的）”“neurology（神经学）”等；在物理学领域，有“quantum mechanics （量子力学）”“relativity（相对论）”等。

这些专业词汇往往是学科研究和交流的基础，对于考生理解专业文献、进行学术研究以及撰写论文都至关重要。

其次，考博词汇的难度较高。

与一般的英语词汇相比，考博词汇中包含了大量的生僻词、长难词以及复合词。

比如“phenomenon（现象）”“metaphor（隐喻）”“psychosomatic（身心的）”等。

这些词汇不仅拼写复杂，而且含义抽象，需要我们通过反复记忆和运用来掌握。

再者，考博词汇的语境要求高。

很多词汇在不同的语境中有着不同的含义和用法，这就要求我们不仅要记住词汇的基本释义，还要了解其在不同学术语境中的具体用法。

例如，“obtain”这个词，常见释义为“获得”，但在学术语境中，可能会有“通过实验得出（结论）”的意思。

那么，如何有效地学习考博词汇呢？制定合理的学习计划是必不可少的。

我们可以根据自己的时间和精力，将考博词汇的学习分成不同的阶段，每个阶段设定具体的学习目标和任务。

比如，在第一个月内完成核心词汇的记忆，第二个月进行拓展词汇的学习，第三个月进行复习和巩固。

多种学习方法相结合也是提高学习效果的重要途径。

可以通过阅读学术文献、听学术讲座、观看专业英语视频等方式来扩大词汇量。

在阅读学术文献时，遇到不认识的词汇，不要急于查字典，可以先根据上下文猜测词义，然后再进行核对，这样有助于加深记忆。

同时，还可以利用词汇记忆软件，如百词斩、墨墨背单词等，这些软件通常会根据记忆规律为我们安排复习，提高记忆效率。

北京大学教育学院高等教育学专业考博指导-育明考博一、北京大学高等教育学专业考博考试分析招生统计（育明考博辅导中心）招生专业招生人数招考方式考试内容040106高等教育学2013年2人2014年2人2015年2人除校内事业编申请-考核制①“北大英语水平考试”12月27②专业笔试（高等教育学综合）③专业面试（ppt 形式，A 、学术潜力和研究设想B 、学术基础和研究素质）1、北大高等教育学专业考博的报录比平均在5:12、从2013年开始北大教育学院的博士招生开始实行“申请-审核制”，与以往的考试制在考查方式、考查测重点方面都有所区别。

“申请制”不代表不考试，也不代表考试不重要，最终决定能否被录取的还是考试成绩（材料审核成绩不计入最终排名的总分）。

3、2016年报考北大教育学院博士的考生需参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”（第一次组织，题型为：听力、阅读、作文）4、材料审核中重点打分项：①科研成果（论文、workingpaper、参与课题）②外语水平③本硕院校④博士修习计划5、北大高等教育学专业包含四个博士研究方向：01.高等教育原理02.高等教育史03.国际与比较高等教育04.高等教育管理育明教育针对北京大学教育学院考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（北大考博资料、复习经验、辅导课程咨询育明教育杜老师叩叩：捌玖叁、贰肆壹、二二六）二、北京大学高等教育学专业考博专业课参考书高等教育学综合：1.《现代教育论》（第二版），黄济、王策三主编，人民教育出版社，20042.《教育哲学导论》（第二版），石中英著，北京师范大学出版社，20043.《高等教育哲学》，[美]约翰·S·布鲁贝克著，王承绪等译，浙江教育出版社，20024.《高等教育理念》，[英]罗纳德·巴尼特著，蓝劲松主译，北京大学出版社，20125.《高等教育系统——学术组织的跨国研究》，[美]伯顿·克拉克著，杭州大学出版社，19946.《中国大学教育发展史》，曲士培著，北京大学出版社，20067.《外国高等教育史》（修订版），黄福涛主编，上海教育出版社，20088.《国外高等教育学基本文献讲读》（陈洪捷、施晓光、蒋凯主编），北京大学出版社，20149.《高等教育新论——多学科的研究》，[美]伯顿·克拉克主编，王承绪等译，浙江教育出版社，200110.《比较高等教育：知识、大学与发展》，[美]菲利普·G.阿特巴赫著，人民教育出版社教育室译，200111.《比较教育研究：路径与方法》，贝磊、鲍勃、梅森主编，李梅主译，北京大学出版社，201012.《教育政策研究基础》，陈学飞.北京：人民教育出版社，201113.《政策科学——公共政策分析导论》，陈振明，北京：中国人民大学出版社，2003育明教育考博课程部杜老师解析：1、参考书是理论知识建立所需的载体，如何从参考书抓取核心书目，从核心书目中遴选出重点章节常考的考点，如何高效的研读参考书、建立参考书框架，如何初步将参考书中的知识内容对应到答题中，是考生复习的第一阶段最需完成的任务。

北京大学考博英语必备词汇知识点历年考博英语知识的运用的考查点都离不开词汇、语法和结构的运用，对于考博英语词汇后缀词也是要求同学们着重记忆的，下面育明考博张老师整理汇总了各种情况下常用的词汇后缀词，希望方便同学们更好的复习。

需要各大院校历年考博英语真题及其解析请加扣扣七七二六七八五三七或二八九零零六四三五一，也可以拨打全国免费咨询电话四零零六六八六九七八享受考博辅导体验。

一.具有抽象名词的含义1)-acy,表示性质，状态，境遇accuracy,diplomacy2)-age,表示状态，行为，身份及其结果，总称courage,storage,marriage3)-al,表示事物的动作，过程refusal,arrival,survival,denial,approvalb)表示具体的事物manual,signal,editorial,journal4)-ance,-ence表示性质，状况，行为，过程，总量，程度endurance,importance,diligence,difference,obedience5)-ancy,-ency,表示性质，状态，行为，过程frequency,urgency,efficiency,6)-bility,表示动作，性质，状态possibility,feasibility,7)-craft,表示工艺，技巧woodcraft,handicraft,statecraft(治国策)8)-cracy,表示统治，支配bureaucracy,democracy9)-cy,表示性质，状态，职位，级别bankruptcy(破产)，supremacy10)-dom,表示等级，领域，状态freedom,kingdom,wisdom11)-ery,-ry,表示行为，状态，习性bravery,bribery,rivalry2.具有某种职业或动作的人1)-an,-ian,表示……地方的人，精通……的人American,historian2)-al,表示具有……职务的人principal3)-ant,-ent,表示……者merchant,agent,servant,student4)-ar,表示……的人scholar,liar,peddler5)-ard,-art,表示做……的人coward,laggard(落伍者)，braggart(夸张者) 6)-arian,表示……派别的人，……主义的人humanitarian,vegetarian7)-ary,表示从事……的人secretary,missionary8)-ant,表示具有……职责的人candidate,graduate9)-ator,表示做……的人educator,speculator(投机者)10)-crat,表示某种政体，主义的支持者democrat,bureaucrat11)-ee,表示动作承受者employee,examinee12)-eer,表示从事于……人engineer,volunteer13)-er,表示从事某种职业的人，某地区，地方的人banker,observer,Londoner,villager14)-ese,表示……国人，………地方的人Japanese,Cantonese15)-ess,表示阴性人称名词actress,hostess,manageress16)-eur,表示……家amateur,litterateur17)-ian,表示……地方人，信仰……教的人，从事……职业的人Christian,physician(内科医生)，musician18)-ician,表示精通者，……家electrician,magician,technician19)-icist,表示……家，……者，……能手physicist,phoneticist,technicist20)-ic,表示……者，……师mechanic,critic21)-ie,表示爱，指小dearie,auntie,lassie(小姑娘)22)-ier,表示从事……职业cavalier,clothier,brazier(黄铜匠)23)-ine,ina,表示阴性人称heroine,ballerina24)-ist,表示从事……研究者，信仰……主义者pianist,communist,dentist,artist,chemist 25)-ive,表示动作者，行为者native,captive26)-logist,表示……学家，研究者biologist,geologist(地质学家)27)-or,表示……者author,doctor,operator,28)-ster,表示做……事情的人youngster,gamester(赌徒)，songster29)-yer,表示从事……职业者lawyer12)-ety,表示性质，状态variety,dubiety(怀疑)13)-faction,-facture,表示作成，……化，作用satisfaction,manufacture14)-hood,表示资格，身份，年纪，状态childhood,manhood,falsehood15)-ice,表示行为，性质，状态notice,justice,service16)-ine,表示带有抽象概念medicine,discipline,famine17)-ing,表示动作的过程，结果building,writing,learning18)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示行为的过程，结果，状况action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression, correction19)-ise,表示性质，状态exercise,merchandise(商业)20)-ism,表示制度，主义，学说，信仰，行为socialism,criticism,colloquialism,heroism21)-ity,表示性质，状态，程度purity,reality,ability,calamity22)-ment,表示行为，状态，过程，手段及其结果treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument23)-mony,表示动作的结果，状态ceremony,testimony24)-ness,表示性质，状态，程度goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness25)-or,-our,表示动作，性质，状态favor,error26)-osity,表示动作，状态curiosity27)-ship,表示情况，性质，技巧，技能及身份，职业hardship,membership,friendship28)-th,表示动作，性质，过程，状态depth,wealth,truth,length,growth29)-tude,表示性质，状态，程度latitude,altitude(海拔)30)-ure,表示行为，结果exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续) 31)-y,表示行为的结果，状态，性质glory,history,victory,inquiry3.带有场所、地方的含义1)-age,表示住所，地点village,cottage2)-ary,表示住所，场地library,granary(谷仓)3)-ery,ry,表示工作场所，饲养所，地点laundry,nursery,surgery(手术室)4)-ory,表示工作场所，住处factory,dormitory,laboratory,observatory4.带有学术，科技含义1)-grapy,表示……学，写法biography,calligraphy,geography2)-ic,ics,表示……学……法logic,mechanics,optics,electronics3)-ology,表示……学……论biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)4)-nomy,表示……学……术astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)5)-ery,表示学科，技术chemistry,cookery,machinery6)-y,表示……学，术，法photography,philosophy5.表示人和事物的总和，集合含义1)-age,baggage,tonnage2)-dom,newspaperdom(新闻界)3)-hood,neighbourhood,womanhood4)-ery,cavalry,ministry(内阁)5)-ure,legislature,judicature6.表示物品和物质名称的含义1)-ant,ent,solvent,constant2)-al,signal,pictorial(画报)3)ar,collar,pillar(石柱)4)-er,boiler,computer,washer,cooker5)-ery,drapery(绸缎)6)-ing,clothing,matting,7)-ment,instrument,equipment,attachment7.表示细小的含义1)-cle,particle,2)-cule,molecule(分子)3)-el,parcel4)-en,chicken,maiden5)-et,pocket,ticket6)-etta,-ette,etto,cigarette,essayette(短文)7)-kin,napkin8)-ling,duckling,9)-let,booklet10)-y,baby,doggy二、形容词后缀1.带有属性，倾向，相关的含义1)-able,-ible,movable,comfortable,applicable,visible, responsible2)-al,natural,additional,educational3)-an,ane,urban,suburban,republican4)-ant,-ent,distant,important,excellent5)-ar,similar,popular,regular6)-ary,military,voluntary7)-ice,-atie,ical,politic,systematic,historic,physical,8)-ine,masculine,feminine,marine9)-ing,moving,touching,daring10)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish11)-ive,active,impressive,decisive12)-ory,satisfactory,compulsory13)-il,-ile,-eel,fragile,genteel(文雅的)2.表示相象，类似的含义1)-ish,boyish,childish2)-esque,picturesque3)-like,manlike,childlike4)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly5)-some,troublesome,handsome6)-y,milky,pasty3.表示充分的含义1)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful2)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various3)-ent,violent,4.表示由某种物质形成，制成或生产的含义1)-en,wooden,golden,woolen2)-ous,gaseous3)-fic,scientific5.表示方向的含义1)-ern,eastern,western2)-ward,downward,forward6.表示倍数的含义1)-ble,double,treble2)ple,triple3)-fold,twofold,tenfold7.表示数量关系的含义1)-teen,thirteen2)-ty,fifty3)-th,fourth,fiftieth8.表示国籍，语种，宗教的含义1)-an,Roman,European2)-ese,Chinese,3)-ish,English,Spanish9.表示比较程度的含义1)-er,greater2)-ish,reddish,yellowish3)-est,highest4)-most,foremost,topmost10.其他的含义-less,表示否定countless,stainless,wireless三、动词后缀1.-ize,ise,表示做成，变成，……化modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize2.-en,表示使成为，引起，使有quicken,weaken,soften,harden3.-fy,表示使……化，使成beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify中国考博辅导首选学校4.-ish,表示使，令finish,abolish,diminish,establish5.-ate,表示成为……,处理，作用separate,operate,indicate四、副词后缀1.-ly,possibly,swiftly,simply2.-ward,-wards,downward,inwards,upward3.-ways,always,sideways4.-wise,otherwise,clockwise本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

北京大学历史学系中国史专业考博考试内容复习资料-育明考博一、北京大学历史学系中国史专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初试复试内容060200中国史年份公开招考硕博连读1、外语2、专业课（见下表）考生资料审查和面试相结合申请人应向复试组作报告，内容包括个人科研经历和成果介绍、对拟从事研究的领域的了解和看法、本人拟进行的研究工作设想及理由等，以及回答面试小组成员提出的问题。

2013年7人9人2014年10人9人2015年9人10人育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、北京大学历史学系中国史专业考博的报录比平均在8:1左右（竞争较激烈）2、本专业有17个研究方向：01.中国历史地理02.古代中外关系史03.先秦史04.秦汉魏晋南北朝史05.隋唐史（含敦煌学）06.宋辽金史07.蒙元史08.明史09.清史10.中国古代政治制度史11.中国古代社会史12.历史文献学13.中国近现代思想文化史14.中华民国史15.中国近代史16.中国现代史17.近现代中外关系史3、同等学力考生须加试报考专业两门硕士专业学位课程和哲学。

4、应试生复试成绩占总成绩的30%，初试笔试占总成绩70%。

其中考生资料审查占10%，面试占20%。

育明教育考博分校针对北京大学中国史专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（北京大学历史学系考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：柒柒贰陆，柒捌，伍叁柒）研究方向外语专业课一专业课二01.中国历史地理英语、俄语、日语、德语、法语选一中国古代史中国历史地理02.古代中外关系史古代中外关系史03.先秦史先秦史04.秦汉魏晋南北朝史秦汉魏晋南北朝史05.隋唐史（含敦煌学）隋唐史06.宋辽金史宋辽金史07.蒙元史蒙元史08.明史明史09.清史清史10.中国古代政治制度史中国古代政治制度史11.中国古代社会史中国古代社会史12.历史文献学历史文献学13.中国近现代思想文化史中国近现代史中国近现代思想文化史14.中华民国史中华民国史15.中国近代史中国近代史16.中国现代史中国现代史17.近现代中外关系史近现代中外关系史二、北京大学历史学系博士招生人数及报考统计年份招生方式及人数公开招考报名人数报录比复试分数线2013年公开招考（14人）硕博连读（17人）国学院（2人）126人9:1外语>=50专业课>=602014年公开招考（19人）硕博连读（17人）国学院（1人）体育教研院（1人）152人8:12015年公开招考（18人）硕博连读（19人）144人8:1育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、北大历史学系共有2个博士招生专业：中国史和世界史，两个各专业的竞争还是比较激烈的。

北京大学博士生考试基础词汇汇总Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.ban abolish abort cancel cross out wipe out put off delaydesert/forsake/ leave / cease / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /quit/ withdraw /give upabide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover adapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stayYou have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast/up catch up with go along with fit in withabsorb He was absorbed in a book and didn't hear you call.engage/occupy/bend over/involve/be busy withAbundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and gameaccess In many schools, students don't have sufficient access to the library.Way/approach/solution/answer/Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at handHis words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance according fit)I'm in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion toaccount He asked no one's advice; he did it on his own (account).independentlyYou have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respect/mindGive us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tale/statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answer for say explain explicate)acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/secureactive He is very active in politics.Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiasticadapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust/a ccommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fitaccustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be familiar with)admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt)adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ampleadvantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of money.Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returnsAim His aim is to win the game.Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destinationAmass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years.Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store upMass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/pack/gang Figure/digit/measureambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/be intent uponamount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.Add up to/approximate/total/sum upThe future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.sum/measure/quantity/price/valueangle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect/view/point of view/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/ idea/thought/conception/judgment theory/outlookannounce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make knownanticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope foranything The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at allThe apparent things might not tell of the truth.apparent obvious seeming evident clear plainapart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in additionHe was appointed member of the committee.Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote forappeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/begapply Please apply to the secretary for further information.The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.approve Many people don't approve of the plan. disapprovelike/prefer/endorse/accept/think well ofarise The company's losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.Rise raise rouse arouse ariseOriginate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn upartificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation.ashamed /shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/humiliating Ashamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him.acquaint I'm sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted with.associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with /mingle with / relateI assume that success is a sum of mistakes.Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for grantedassure I can assure you of my support.confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promiseYou’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language.Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize completeattribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribeavoid You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour.Avoid shun escape evade keep away fromThe government has banned the used of chemical weapons.Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstructbargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain salebasis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit next year.China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other countries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence.ground foundationScientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test this medicine on human patients.As soon as before the second the minute the momentYou can’t blame all this on me.He is the last one to blame for the accident.Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemnboard He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /mealsboard/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ teamboast You should not boast of your success. Brag show offboom Production boomed.Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/prosperbrief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". shortWe are bound for London. Head makeThe weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going toThere are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restrictioncall This situation_____________ for prompt action. (calls in calls at calls on calls for) They have called off their engagement.She was calm when I told her of the terrible news.Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peacefulWe should not doubt his capability.Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiencyBefore you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few good friends.Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupationThere is no reason why we should not carry on with it.Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in processcase In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on conditioncenter She centered her attention on the problem.Focus concentrate fixcharge The charge against him was severe.Sentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilt/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgmentSince the situation is changing, let’s take some _____ measures to deal with it.flexible changeable changingIf I had the choice, I would retire at thirty.Selection/preference/option/alternativeNo one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it.cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive.Stick adhere hold graspclose The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem.Listen closely and look closely, you’ll find it out.A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with their creativity.Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof keycombine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water.blend mix mingle fuse unite couple joincomment I'm afraid I can't comment on your work just yet. Remarkcriticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remarkcommit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicateCompare this with that, and you will see which is the better. ContrastPoets have compared sleep to death.She is lovely beyond compare.comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison.I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.Comparable/comparativecompel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push promptHe has formed a good habit.Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/build Assemble/manufacture/produceNext year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Requiredcompose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprisecomprehensive /ComprehensibleShe has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. AwareConsiderate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmas card. Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympatheticConsiderable/much/important/great/significant/powerfulcontend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.Argue/struggle/fight/quarrelOur journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villages.continuously vs continuallyconvey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. expresscope Poor Mary! She has so much to cope with.deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fed up withcorrespondThis word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one.count Her opinion counts because of her experience.Matter be of importance significantDon’t count on a salary increase this year.believe depended count confide rely depend bankcritical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, you wouldn't be so critical of its spending reductions.Crucial urgent pressing decisiveIronic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcasticcure This medicine should cure you of your cold.Remind relieve inform deprive rob breakIt is not my custom to give in.Custom habit use practice manner way pattern tendency fashion routine natureThe damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agony distress grieve hurt impair abuse plague epidemic debris/trash/junk/rubbishdecline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries.Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reducedeep They dived deep into the ocean.She was deeply interested in classical music.degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extentdeem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying.Think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/reflect/think over A good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm.Demand/require/call fordeny They denied her the opportunity to see her father.refuse decline rejects turn downdie She died of an illness; and he died a beggar.The storms are dying down.The noise of the car died away in the distance.The members of the family had all died off.This species has died out.Can you describe what he looks like?Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tellThey were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties.Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/seriousShe was in his eyes a devoted mother.Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealousThe sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea.Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / give away/ throw away/cast off/get rid ofdisplay We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display.Her writings display natural talents.Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose presentdistinct Mice are distinct form rats.Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilarLong sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style.Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive directThe light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another.distinguish tell separate divideHe is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field.Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/recognized/prominent/important/superiorIn the dark I could only discern the outline of the building.Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/spy/beholddiverse There are people from diverse cultures at the party. different various comprehensiveHe refused to disclose his name and address.Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betrayThey drew up the contract and presented it to the management.The train drew in/into the station. pulldraw pull drag push heave lift hauldraw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoingShe drove her car into the forest.Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/rideDon’t discourage her; she is doing her best. Vs encourageDiscourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stopThe shoes are expensive but durable.Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strongIt is your duty to go.Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/office/roleBusiness/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/employment/effortHe is living an easy life now. comfortableIt is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longer than cheap ones. economic/economical/economyHe went to a very good elementary school.Elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/initial/primitiveSince 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect.The acid has no effect on the metal.The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March.A sentence of ten years' imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a life sentence.He is not likely to give effect to his threat.effect force power practiceShe encouraged him to take this examination.Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspireend Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.I've warned you no end of times not to touch that machine.I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.He had approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he was at his wit's end.We ended the diner up with fruit and coffee.When the reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall.The argument between the two men ended in a fight.The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.He's entitled to a pension, but he won't dream of retiring yet.entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empowerThe soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.equip provideThey have the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. inclusiveMy wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.exert practice exercise impose availHe is one of the greatest contemporary writers.Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recentHe must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. live face comeDevotion is essential for work.Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispensableCompulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgentNothing is everlasting.Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/for goodThe bird extended its wings in flight.Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnifyHer nose is a very attractive feature.Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/markAre you in favor of women taking part in politics?In the favorThe international situation is favorable to us. AdvantageousPanic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approaching menacingly. Tension Excitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil riotAfter Tom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driving license.The children hid in the house and ate their fill.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shuddersThere are fine distinctions between the two.fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificantMichael found it difficult to get his British jokes across to American audience.Understand comprehend catch on getHe gave a gift for my birthday.Give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver/deal out/hand out/turn inHe had a good house, a good wife and a good job.Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decentThey grouped together in fours.Arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/catorgerize/estimateWhen he was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what was happening around him. Hang loaf loiterhit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come acrossHer new film is quite a hit. successThe rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affecthold She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.I think he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits.She always holds to her convictions.The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction.Road works on the highway are holding up traffic.There was something wrong with the traffic signal. Our bus was ______ for nearly half an hour.A. held onB. held backC. held outD. held upidentical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. the same asIf only I were rich!Only if I am rich, I can do what I want.Immoral vs amoralHe deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors.It was he that initiated this project.Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the iceIncentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize. (excitement initiative motive entertainment)We are in for trouble.He know the ins and outs of the problem.Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.A good teacher should be impartial to his students.Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconcerned indifferentThis car is inferior to the one I bought last year.inferior superior senior junior similar priorThe author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature.intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuitionNo doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets.intangible invisibleinterfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people's affairs, you will regret it.He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank after it had been robbed. testified witnessed justified identified notify specifykeep I can't understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself.Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time.I can’t keep up with all the changes in computer science.If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to keep ______it. (to / up on)Keep/have/hold/maintain/preserve/conserve/save/tend/protect/guard/sustain/uphold/bear/posessThey did not only lack water, they also lacked in courage.Want/be in need/ fall shortlarge The dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.By and large, the company has been good to me.This is law and you can’t change as you wish.Rule/principle/stamdard/formula/act/decree/regulation/legislation/lawmaking/resolution/statuteShe saw a notice “ apartment to let”.Let/rent/lease/charter/contract/agreementShe is the one that laid out the town.He was laid off for his ill performance.liable likely probable liable responsible accountable answerablePeople who walk on the grass are liable to a fine of 5 dollars.She liked the black dress and bought it although it was very expensive.Like/prefer/fancy/take to/enjoy/care for/be fond ofThe football match was televised live from the workers’ stadium.alive live life lively living lovelyI am not sure of the exact location of the café.Location/position/place/area/zone/territory/district/section/neighborhood/spot/site/situation Recent research has shed/cast/thrown new light on the causes of the disease.The mansion was splendid.Splendid/magnificent/grand/majestic/superb/exquisite/marvelous/wonderful/glorious/imposing/impressive/brilliant/phenomenal/exceptional/remarkable/miraculousI can’t make out what she wants.The ship made for the open sea.What are we to make of his behavior?Nothing can make up for the loss of a life.He has made it up with her.A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda.Mentioned quoted referred tomood I am not in the ______ for joking. sentiment emotion mood feeling sentimentality sensation sense sensitivitynerve My children are always getting on my nerves.Can you really afford this amount?Amount/sum/quantity/number/portionA (large) number of problems have arisen.The number of books stolen from the library is large.The marks were below average.Average/middle/medium/normal/ordinary/moderate/halfway/regular/usualThe method is ok; the problem is the procedure.Method/way/approach/manner/means/fashion/style/procedure/process/course/plan/scheme/design/The mutual benefit. Mutual/reciprocal/common/jointobserve You’ve got to ______ the laws of the land.Abide by/follow/obey/comply withoccur Has it ever occurred to you that those twins are quite different from each other in many ways?We can afford to overlook these minor offenses.Overlook/neglect/forget/miss/ignore/skip/disregard/pass overown Do you mean you have left her to do that on her own?He’d like a car of his own.Nobody owned up to the theft.This is a painstaking effort. CarefulThey walked the path every morning.Path/route/line/road/track/trail/way/journey/excursion/voyage/trippeculiar That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this small part of the country.distinctive / typical/ characteristic/ representative/ special/ particular / unique / notable/ particularThe government gets a(n) ____ from taxes.income revenue fund payment wages finance budget expenditurepersist It should be obvious to you that if you persist in bothering him, he will get angry with you.I shall be very _____ if you could do me a favor.pleasing pleasant grateful thankful pleased gracious generouspoint She was just on the point of going away when Betty came in.As I was in a hurry I asked him to come to the point at once.There's no point in arguing further.He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the point.It is very rude to point at people in the street.If/when it came to the point, would you sacrifice your job for your principles?popular populous populatedA game that is very popular among/with these young swimmers is the underwater tricycle race.The child showed great _______of mind by grabbing the falling baby.courage calmness presence bravery boldness willpreside The chairman presided at/over the meeting last Friday.Virtue will prevail over evil.prevail triumph winIn private/ in secret / in personMatters like this are best discussed in private.They are privileged people in the society.Privilege/ right/ liberty/ freedom/advantage/license/ honorShe gave him a prompt reply.quick rapid fast prompt punctual instant immediate readyThe _______ of finding jobs this year are not so good. (expectation promises future prospects)provided on condition save unless given suppose sayI will agree to go provided/providing that my expenses are paid.put She’s put a tidy sum for her retirement.They decided to put aside their differences.She help her put the toys away.She is putting radical proposals for the economic reform.We had to put off our wedding until September.We can put you up for the night.I don’t know how she can put up with him/his cruelty to her.Racial problems exist in everyday life.Race/breed/people/fold/tribe/nation/culturerange scope extent His speech ranged over a number of topics.Range/limit/distance/length/scope/extent/reach/field/spherereach All these were within the reach of the ordinary men.Put that bottle of weed-killer out of the reach of the children.He reached for his gun.Her requirements are reasonable.Reasonable/sensible/fair/logical/just/sound/rational/practical/realistic/justifiableMy favorite recreation is chess.Recreation/amusement/entertainment/play/pleasure/enjoyment/relaxation/pastime/funThey had to seed refuge from the storm.Refuge/shelter/asylum/protectionI have registered for the English course.Register/record/enroll/list/enter/sign/fill out a formreceive acceptI hear that John has _____ a new position at the travel agency.red black A large number of American radio stations operate in the red.regard Motion means change of position of an object in/with regard to the position of some other object or objects.I have little information as regards his past.She said nothing regarding your request.Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.They helped solve the problems in high ______ to the living conditions of the people. (attention regard intention stress)relevant His age isn't relevant to whether he is a good teacher.Reluctant Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study subjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. Unwillingremedy The doctor soon found a remedy for the boy's illness.Cure/heal/treat/mend/correctrespect With respect to your requests, we regret that we are unable to assist you in this matter. Respect/adore/appreciate/honor/admire/look up to/fall for/be crazy aboutIn this respect the film is a failure.respectful respective respectable respectedTeams of rescue have been sent out ____ to look for the missing members of the crew.His limp is the result of an accident.Result/consequence/end/effect/outcome/fruit/produce/conclusionrisk He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.He was ready to run(take) the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.The future of the whole company is at risk.Risk/chance/gamble/endanger/exposeThey rose up against foreign invaders.Rebel revolt riotI’ve been on the run all day, and I am exhausted.I ran across/into my old friend in Paris last week.We are running out of time.He ruled over his kingdom successfully for twenty years.Rule/govern/control/dominate/head/lead/manage/direct/supervise/administer/order/instruct Guide/influence/handle/regulatescale Synthetic rubbers are now being produced on a large scale.scratch He threw away everything he had written and started the novel again from scratch.I’ll have to see about g etting the roof mended.We all went to the airport to see her off.Her colleagues see her as the future prime minister.Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting?I must set about packing now.Her clear and elegant prose sets apart from most other journalists.Let’s set aside my personal feelings.She set out/forth at dawn.He is set on going to university.settle You should settle your affairs before you leave.When are you going to marry and settle down.Settle/decide/resolve/reconcile/mendshort All along he has been striving not to fall short of his parents' expectations.Things couldn’t be worse financially: in short, we are bankrupt.。

北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试（PKU-GATE）2015年12月27日说明：考试总共180分钟，试题题型包括五大题型，主要是常规性题目和新题型，常规题目包括听力、阅读理解，新题型有材料听写、比较写作；外文书籍阅读与写作；转译。

试题共有试题册和答题卡组成，还会发下自己的条形码（不愧为帝国最高学府，科研开发制作技术高端大气上档次！）第一大题：听力（分值20%）记得是三段材料（或两段），前两段材料是选择题，下面给出3-4个问题，供选择。

某不才听的材料不够准确，第一段材料大约是讨论美国楼市关键词有zombie house、us hosing market。

坚持使用美国等国外原汁原味的材料，勇气可嘉，与从小到大听Chinglish的某不习惯，但是趣味性强。

还有一题是听力默写，材料中空出了十个空，每个空去掉不止一个词汇，让你填。

听力材料大约长800-1000个词（a4纸的基本上都是这个材料）。

这段材料关于智能医学的似乎，关键词是autogenic training。

听力播放的时间：14点-14点25分。

朗读人员：一男一女，女的是Chinese、男的是foreigner（似乎），地道的美式发音。

第二大题：阅读理解（分值40%）。

共四篇阅读材料，每一篇阅读下有五个题目，和高考、硕考没大区别，但是材料明显要长，每篇材料大约有1000-1200个单词，生词量也大，平均每1-2句就有个生词。

每篇的题目中有单词理解、有细节理解、有main idea等。

Passage one：似乎是关于伦理学的学术论文，题目的中关键词和生词有：turn the other cheek、ethical precept、moral urge、morality、moral precepts、give without thought of reward、altruistic、ironically、selfish agendas 、kin、等，经过多方搜索没有搜集到原文出处。

考博400基础核心词汇（必会）1. alter /'ɔːltəә/v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst /bɝst/vi. n. 突然发生，爆裂3. dispose /dɪ'spəәʊz/vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4. abstract/'æbstrækt/ adj.抽象的5.consume/kəәn'sjuːm/ v. 消耗，耗尽6. participate /pɑː'tɪsɪpeɪt/v. (in) 参与，参加7. background/'bækɡraʊnd/ n.背景8. slender/'slendəә/ a. 苗条的，修长的9. slip /slɪp/ v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10. slide /slaɪd/v. 滑动，滑落n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11. consent /kəәn'sent/n. /vi.准许，同意(to)12. breed /briːd/n. 种，品种v. 繁殖，产仔13. budget /'bʌdʒɪt/n. 预算v. 编预算，作安排14. candidate/'kændɪdeɪt; -dəәt/ n. 候选人15. campus/'kæmpəәs/ n. 校园16. liberal /'lɪbəәrəәl/a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的n.自由主义者17. transform /træns'fɔrm/v. 转变，变革；变换18. transmit /træns'mɪt/v. 传播，播送；传递19. transplant træns'plænt/v. 移植20. transport /'trænspɔrt/vt. 运输，运送n. 运输，运输工具21. shift /ʃɪft/v. 转移；转动；转变22. vary /'veəәrɪ/v. 变化，改变；使多样化23. vanish /'vænɪʃ/vi. 消灭，不见24. swallow /'swɒləәʊ/v. 吞下，咽下n. 燕子25. suspicion /səә'spɪʃəәn/n. 怀疑，疑心26. suspicious /səә'spɪʃəәs/ a. 怀疑的，可疑的27. mild /maɪld/a.温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28. tender /'tendəә/a. 温柔的；脆弱的29. nuisance /'njuːs(əә)ns/n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30. insignificant /,ɪnsɪɡ'nɪfɪkəәnt/a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31. accelerate /əәk'seləәreɪt/vt. 加速，促进32. absolute /'æbsəәluːt/a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33. boundary /'baʊndri/n. 分界线，边界34. brake /breɪk/n. 刹车，制动器v. 刹住（车）35. catalog /'kætəәlɔ:g/n. 目录（册）v. 编目36. vague /veɪg/a. 模糊的，不明确的37. vain /veɪn/n. 徒劳，白费38. extinct /ɪk'stɪŋkt/a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39. extraordinary /ɪk'strɔːd(əә)n(əә)rɪ/a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40. extreme /ɪk'strim/a. 极度的，极端的n. 极端，过分41. agent /'eɪdʒ(əә)nt/n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42. alcohol /'ælkəәhɒl/n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43. appeal /əә'piːl/n. /vi. 呼吁；恳求；吸引；上诉44. appreciate /əә'priʃɪet/vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏；感激45. approve /əә'pruːv/v. 赞成，同意，批准46. stimulate /'stɪmjʊleɪt/vt. 刺激，激励47. acquire /əә'kwaɪəә/vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish /əә'kɑmplɪʃ/vt .完成，到达；实行49. network /'netwɜːk/n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50. tide /taɪd/n. 潮汐；潮流51. tidy /'taɪdɪ/a. 整洁的，整齐的52. trace /treɪs/vt. 追踪，找到n. 痕迹，踪迹53.involve /ɪn'vɒlv/v.使参与，牵扯，涉及，卷入到54. wander /'wɒndəә/vi. 漫游，闲逛(about)55. wax /wæks/n. 蜡56. considerate /kəәn'sɪd(əә)rəәt/adj.考虑周到的，体贴的57. preserve /prɪ'zɜːv/v. 保护，保存，保持，维持58.measure /'meʒəә/n.测量，权衡；n.测量，尺寸59.pressure /'preʃəә/n.压力v.强迫，迫使60.emission /ɪ'mɪʃ(əә)n/n.发射，发送61. abuse /əә'bjuːz/v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academy /əә'kædəәmɪ/n. （高等）专科院校；学会63. academic /ækəә'demɪk/a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的64. attraction /əә'trækʃ(əә)n/n. 吸引，吸引力65. barrier /'bærɪəә/n. 障碍；棚栏66. psychologist /saɪ'kɒləәdʒɪst/n.心理学家67. career /kəә'rɪəә/n. 生涯，职业68. evaluate /ɪ'væljʊeɪt/vt. 评估，评价69. vertical /'vɜːtɪk(əә)l/a. 垂直的70. oblige /əә'blaɪdʒ/v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure /əәb'skjʊəә/a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent /ɪk'stent; ek-/n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior /ɪk'stɪəәrɪəә; ek-/n. 外部，外表a. 外部的，外表的74. external /ɪk'stɜːn(əә)l; ek-/a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol /'petr(əә)l/n. 汽油76. petroleum /pɪ'trəәʊlɪəәm/n. 石油77. delay /dɪ'leɪ/vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay /dɪ'keɪ/vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent /'diːs(əә)nt/a. 像样的，体面的80. route /ruːt/n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin /'ruːɪn/v./n. 毁坏，破坏[pl.]废墟82. sake /seɪk/ n. 缘故，理由83. sensitive /'sensɪtɪv/a. 敏感的，灵敏的84. scale /skeɪl/n. 大小，规模；等级；刻度85. numerous /'njuːm(əә)rəәs/a. 众多的，许多的86. tedious /'tiːdɪəәs/a. 乏味的，单调的，87. tend /tend/vi.易于，趋向88. tendency /'tend(əә)nsɪ/n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate /'ʌltɪməәt/a. 极端的，最大的，最终的90. undergo /ʌndəә'gəәʊ/v. 经历，遭受91. abundant /əә'bʌnd(əә)nt/a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt /əә'dɒpt/v. 收养；采用，采纳93. adapt /əә'dæpt/vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写vt. 使适应94. bachelor /'bætʃəәləә/n.学士学位；单身汉95. casual /'kæʒʊəәl/ a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap /træp/n. 陷阱，圈套v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant /'veɪk(əә)nt/a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum /'vækjʊəәm/n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral /'ɔrəәl/a. 口头的，口述的n.口试100. optics /'ɒptɪks/n. （单、复数同形）光学101. organ /'ɔrɡəәn/n. 器官，风琴102. excess /'ekses/n. 过分，过量，过剩103. expel /ɪk'spel; ek-/v. 驱逐，开除，赶出104.expensive /ɪk'spensɪv; ek-/adj.价格昂贵的105.expense /ɪk'spens; ek-/ n.花费106.expend /ɪk'spend; ek-/ v.消费107.expenditure /ɪk'spendɪtʃəә; ek-/ n.花费108. expand /ɪk'spænd/v. 扩大，扩张；展开，膨胀109. expansion /ɪk'spænʃəәn/n. 扩大，扩充；发展，膨胀110. private /'praɪvəәt/a. 私人的，个人的111. individual /ɪndɪ'vɪdjʊ(əә)l/a. 单独的n. 个人，个体112. personal /'pɜːs(əә)n(əә)l/a. 个人的，私人的；亲自的113. personnel /pɜːsəә'nel/n. [总称] 人员，员工；人事部门mercial /kəә'mɜːʃ(əә)l/adj.商业的，营利的115. glimpse /glɪm(p)s/ n. 一瞥，一看116. genius /'dʒiːnɪəәs/n. 天才，天赋117. genuine /'dʒenjʊɪn/a. 真的，真诚的118. gasoline /'gæsəәliːn/n. 汽油119. grant /grɑːnt/vt. 授予，同意，准予n.津贴120. invade /ɪn'veɪd/v. 侵入，侵略，侵袭121. acid /'æsɪd/n. 酸，酸性物质a. 酸的；尖刻的122. acknowledge /əәk'nɒlɪdʒ/v. 承认；致谢123. balcony /'bælkəәnɪ/n. 阳台124. calculate /'kælkjʊleɪt/vt. 计算，核算125. calendar /'kælɪndəә/n. 日历，月历126. optimistic /,ɑptɪ'mɪstɪk/a. 乐观127. optional /'ɒpʃ(əә)n(əә)l/a. 可以任选的，非强制的128. outstanding /aʊt'stændɪŋ/a. 杰出的，突出的，显著的129. export /ɪk'spɔːt; ek-/n. 出口（物）v. 出口，输出130. import /ɪm'pɔːt; 'ɪm-/n. 进口（物）v. 进口，输入131. impose /ɪm'pəәʊz/vt. 强加(on)；利用；征税132. religion /rɪ'lɪdʒ(əә)n/n. 宗教，宗教信仰133. religious /rɪ'lɪdʒəәs/a. 宗教的；虔诚的134. victim /'vɪktɪm/n. 牺牲品，受害者135. video /'vɪdɪəәʊ/n. 电视，视频a. 电视的，录像的136. evident /'evɪd(əә)nt/ adj.明显的137. offend /əә'fend/v. 冒犯，触犯138. bother /'bɒðəә/v. 打搅，麻烦139. intervene /ɪntəә'viːn/ v. 干涉，干扰，妨碍140. internal /ɪn'tɜːn(əә)l/a. 内部的，国内的141. beforehand /bɪ'fɔːhænd/ad. 预先，事先142. racial /'reɪʃ(əә)l/a. 人种的种族的143. radiation /reɪdɪ'eɪʃ(əә)n/n. 放射物，辐射144. radical /'rædɪk(əә)l/a.根本的,彻底的；激进的145. range /reɪn(d)ʒ/n. 幅度，范围v. （在某范围内）变动146. wonder /'wʌndəә/n. 惊奇，奇迹v. 想知道，对...感到疑惑147. isolate /'aɪsəәleɪt/vt. 使隔离，使孤立148. issue /'ɪʃuː; 'ɪsjuː/n. 问题，争论点；发行，（报刊）一期149. annoy /əә'nɒɪ/ v.烦扰，使生气150. recommend /rekəә'mend/ v.推荐151. adequate /'ædɪkwəәt/a. 充分的，足够的；胜任的152. adhere /əәd'hɪəә/vi. 粘附，附着；遵守，坚持153. ban /bæn/vt. 取缔，禁止154. capture /'kæptʃəә/vt. 俘虏，捕获155. valid /'vælɪd/a. 有效的，有根据的；正当的156. brilliant /'brɪlj(əә)nt/ a.光辉的；有才能的157. consistent /kəәn'sɪst(əә)nt/a. 坚固定；一致的，始终如一的158. continuous /kəәn'tɪnjʊəәs/a. 继续的，连续（不断）的159. continual /kəәn'tɪnjʊəәl/a. 不断地，频繁的160. explore /ɪk'splɔː; ek-/v. 勘探161. enhance /ɪn'hɑːns/ v.提高，加强162.phenomenon /fɪ'nɒmɪnəәn/ n.现象163. originate /əә'rɪdʒɪneɪt/ v.起源，创始164.quality /'kwɒlɪtɪ/ n.质量，品质165. remote /rɪ'məәʊt/a. 遥远的，偏僻的166. removal /rɪ'muːv(əә)l/n. 除去，消除167. hesitate /'hezɪteɪt/v. 犹豫168. precaution /prɪ'kɔːʃ(əә)n/n. 预防，防备，警惕169. reverse /rɪ'vɜːs/v.反转adj.相反的，颠倒的170. identify /aɪ'dentɪfaɪ/vt. 认出，鉴定171. identity /aɪ'dentɪtɪ/n. 身份；个性，特性172. poverty /'pɒvəәtɪ/n. 贫穷173. resistant /rɪ'zɪstəәnt/a. (to) 抵抗的，抗...的，耐...的174. resolve /rɪ'zɒlv/vt. 解决；决定，决意175. efficient /ɪ'fɪʃ(əә)nt/adj.有效率的，生效的176. refugee /refjʊ'dʒiː/ n.难民177. underline /ʌndəә'laɪn/ v.强调，加强178. witness /'wɪtnɪs/ v./n.目击（者）179. flexibility /,flɛksəә'bɪləәti/n.灵活性，适应性180. passion /'pæʃ(əә)n/n. 激情，热情181. adult /'ædʌlt; əә'dʌlt/n. 成年人182. advertise /'ædvəәtaɪz/v. 为...做广告183. advertisement /əәd'vɜːtɪzm(əә)nt; -tɪs-/n. 广告184. agency /'eɪdʒ(əә)nsɪ/n. 代理商，经销商185. focus /'fəәʊkəәs/v. （使）聚集n. 焦点，中心，聚焦186. forbid /fəә'bɪd/vt. 不许，禁止187. debate /dɪ'beɪt/n. /v. 辩论，争论188. evolution /,iːvəә'luːʃ(əә)n; 'ev-/n. 演变，进化189. decade /'dekeɪd; dɪ'keɪd/n. 十年190. enclose /ɪn'kləәʊz; en-/vt. 围住；把...装入信封191. encounter /ɪn'kaʊntəә; en-/vt. /n. 遭遇，遭到192. globe /gləәʊb/n. 地球，世界；地球仪193. global /'gləәʊb(əә)l/a. 全球的；总的194. scan /skæn/vt. 细看；扫描；浏览195. scandal /'skænd(əә)l/ n. 丑事，丑闻196. significance /sɪg'nɪfɪk(əә)ns/n. 意义；重要性197.associate /əә'səәʊʃɪeɪt/v.使……有联系198. virtue /'vɜːtjuː/n. 美德，优点199. virtual /'vɜːtjʊəәl/a. 实际上的，事实上的；虚拟的200. orient /'ɔːrɪəәnt/vt. 使适应，(to, toward)使朝向n. 东方201. portion /'pɔːʃ(əә)n/n. 一部分202. target /'tɑːgɪt/n. 目标，靶子vt. 瞄准203. portable /'pɔːtəәb(əә)l/a. 手提式的204. conservative /kəәn'sɝvəәtɪv/a. 保守的205. illusion ɪ'luʒn/n. 错觉206. likelihood /'laɪklɪhʊd/n. 可能，可能性207. horror /'hɒrəә/n. 恐怖208. emphasize /'ɛmfəәsaɪz/vt. 强调，着重209. emotion /ɪ'məәʊʃ(əә)n/n. 情感，感情210. mood /muːd/ n.心情211. awful /'ɔːfʊl/a. 极坏的，威严的，可怕的212. awkward /'ɔːkwəәd/a. 笨拙的，棘手的；尴尬的213. clue /kluː/n. 线索，提示v.为……提供线索214. collision /kəә'lɪʒəәn/n. 碰撞，冲突215. device /dɪ'vaɪs/n. 装置，设备216. devise /dɪ'vaɪz/vt. 发明，策划，想出217. inevitable /ɪn'evɪtəәb(əә)l/a. 不可避免的218. naval /'neɪv(əә)l/a. 海军的219. navigation /nævɪ'geɪʃ(əә)n/n. 航行220. necessity /nɪ'sesɪtɪ/n. 必需品；必要性;自然规律221. previous /'priːvɪəәs/a. 先，前，以前的222. provision /prəә'vɪʒ(əә)n/n. 供应；准备；规定223. pursue /pəә'sjuː/vt. 追逐；追求；从事，进行224. stale /steɪl/a. 不新鲜的；陈腐的，老掉牙的225. substitute /'sʌbstɪtjuːt/n. 代用品vt. 代替226. deserve /dɪ'zɜːv/vt. 应受，应得，值得227. discrimination /dɪ,skrɪmɪ'neɪʃəәn/n. 歧视；辨别力228. professional /prəә'feʃəәnəәl/a. 职业的，专门的229. secure /sɪ'kjʊəә/a. 安全的，可靠的230. security /sɪ'kjʊəәrɪtɪ/n. 安全，保障; 证券231. scratch /skrætʃ/v. /n. 抓，刮，n.抓痕；乱写232. talent /'tæləәnt/n. 才能，天资；人才233. insurance /ɪn'ʃʊəәrəәns/n. 保险，保险费234.withstand /wɪð'stænd/ v.经受235. nevertheless /nevəәðəә'les/ad. 仍然，然而，不过236. neutral /'njuːtr(əә)l/a. 中立的，中性的237. spot /spɒt/n. 地点；斑点vt. 认出，发现；玷污238. spray /spreɪ/v. 喷，（使）溅散239. medium /'miːdɪəәm/a. 中等的，适中的n. 媒介物，新闻媒介240. media /'miːdɪəә/n. 新闻传媒241.physical /'fɪzɪk(əә)l/adj.身体的；物理学的242. automatic /ɔːtəә'mætɪk/a. 自动的；不假思索的243. compete /kəәm'piːt/vi. 竞争，比赛244. competent /'kɒmpɪt(əә)nt/a. 有能力的，能胜任的245. competition /kɒmpɪ'tɪʃ(əә)n/n. 竞争，比赛246. distribute /dɪ'strɪbjuːt/vt. 分发247. disturb /dɪ'stɜːb/vt. 打搅，妨碍；使……不安248. infer /ɪn'fɜː/v. 推论，推断249. integrate /'ɪntɪgreɪt/v. (into, with) 成为一体，合并，融入250. equivalent /ɪ'kwɪvəәləәnt/a. 相等的n.等价物，替换物251. discount /'dɪskaʊnt/n./v.（价格）折扣252. promote /prəә'məәʊt/vt. 促进；提升253. chaos /'keɪɒs/n. 混乱，紊乱254. appoint /əә'pɒɪnt/vt. 任命，委派255. stable /'steɪbəәl/a. 稳定的256. sophisticated /səә'fɪstɪkeɪtɪd/a. 老于世故的，老练的；很复杂的257. splendid /'splendɪd/a. 极好的，壮丽的，辉煌的258. cancel /'kænsəәl/vt. 取消，废除259. variable /'veəәrɪəәbəәl/a. 易变的，可变的260. prospect /'prɒspekt/n. 前景，前途；景象261. prosperity /prɒ'sperɪtɪ/n.兴旺，繁荣262. aspect /'æspekt/n. 方面；方位；面貌263. cope /kəәʊp/vi. (with)（成功地）应付，处理264. core /kɔː/n. 果心，核心265. maintain /meɪn'teɪn/vt. 维持，保持；坚持，主张266. mainland /'meɪnləәnd/n. 大陆267. discipline /'dɪsɪplɪn/n. 纪律；惩罚；学科268. domestic /dəә'mestɪk/a. 本国的，国内的；家用的；家庭的269. constant /'kɒnst(əә)nt/a. 不变的，始终如一的，恒定的270. cliff /klɪf/n. 悬崖，峭壁271. authority /ɔː'θɒrɪtɪ/n. 权威；当局272. audio /'ɔːdɪəәʊ/a. 听觉的，声音的audio device273. attitude /'ætɪtjuːd/n. 态度274. community /kəә'mjuːnɪtɪ/n. 社区，社会275. commit /kəә'mɪt/vt. 犯（错误，罪行等），干（坏事等）;做出承诺276. comment /'kɒment/n. /vt. 评论277. distinguish /dɪ'stɪŋgwɪʃ/vt. 区分，辨别278. distress /dɪ'stres/n. 痛苦，悲伤vt. 使痛苦279. facility /fəә'sɪlɪtɪ/n. 设备，设施；方便280. faculty /'fæk(əә)ltɪ/n. 能力，技能；系，学院；全体教员281. mixture /'mɪkstʃəә/n. 混合，混合物282.decline /dɪ'klaɪn/ v./n.下降，减少；拒绝283. moral /'mɔrəәl/a. 道德上的，有道德的284. prominent /'prɒmɪnəәnt/a. 凸起的；卓越的，著名的285. substance /'sʌbst(əә)ns/n. 物质；实质286. circumstance /'sɜːkəәmst(əә)ns/ n.环境，条件，情况287. prompt /prɑmpt/vt. 促使a. 敏捷的，及时的288. vivid /'vɪvɪd/a. 生动的289. vocabulary /vəә'kæbjəәlɛri/n. 词汇（量）；词汇表290. venture /'ventʃəә/n. 风险投资，风险项目v. 冒险；取于291. version /'vɜːʃəәn/n. 版本，译本292. waist /weɪst/n. 腰部293. voluntary /'vɒləәntəәrɪ/a. 自愿的294. immigrant /'ɪmɪgrəәnt/n.移民adj.移民的，迁入的immigrate v.移入；移居入境295. yield /jiːld/vi. (to)屈服于；让出，放弃n. 产量296.cultivate /'kʌltɪveɪt/ v.耕作；培养情操（友谊）297. strategy /'strætɪdʒɪ/ n. 战略，策略298. strategic /strəә'tiːdʒɪk/ a. 战略（上）的，关键的299. tense /tens/a. 紧张的v. 拉紧n. 时态300. tension /'tenʃəәn/n. 紧张（状态），张力301. avenue /'ævəәnjuː/n. 林荫道，大街302. available /əә'veɪləәbəәl/ a. 现成可用的；可得到的；可见面的303. comparable /'kɒmpəәrəәbəәl/ a. (with, to) 可比较的，类似的304. comparative /kəәm'pærəәtɪv/a. 比较的，相对的305. dash /dæʃ/vi. 猛冲，飞奔306. crash /kræʃ/n./v.碰撞，坠毁307. sustainable /səә'stenəәbl/adj.足以支撑的，可持续发展的，合理利用的sustainable development 可持续发展sustainable growth 可持续增长strategy of sustainable development 可持续发展战略sustainable agriculture 可持续农业；永续农业sustainable competitive advantage 可持续的竞争优势308. diverse /daɪ'vɜːs/a. 不同的，多种多样的309. entitle /ɪn'taɪtəәl/vt. 给...权利，给...资格310. regulate /'regjʊleɪt/vt. 管理，调节311. release /rɪ'liːs/vt. /n. 释放，排放；解释解脱312. exaggerate /ɪg'zædʒəәreɪt/v. 夸大，夸张313. evil /'iːv(əә)l/a. 邪恶的，坏的314. shrink /ʃrɪŋk/vi. 起皱，收缩；退缩315. subtract /səәb'trækt/v. 减（去）316. suburb /'sʌbɜːb/n. 市郊317. subway /'sʌbweɪ/ n. 地铁318. survey /səә'veɪ/n. /vt. 调查，勘测319. wealthy /'welθɪ/a. 富裕的320. adjust /əә'dʒʌst/v. 调整，调节321. attach /əә'tætʃ/ vt. 系，贴；使附属322. profit /'prɒfɪt/n. 利润，益处；v. 有益于，有利于323. profitable /'prɒfɪtəәbəәl/a. 有利可图的324. slope /sləәʊp/n. 斜坡，斜面325. reinforce /riːɪn'fɔːs/vt. 增强，加强326. reject /rɪ'dʒekt/vt. 拒绝327. fatal /'feɪtəәl/a. 致命的；重大的328. fate /feɪt/n. 命运329. humble /ˈhʌmbl/a. 谦逊的；谦虚的330. illegal /ɪ'liːgəәl/a. 不合法的，非法的331.apply /əә'plaɪ/ v.应用；申请332. aware /əә'weəә/a. 意识到333. column /'kɒləәm/n. 柱，圆柱；栏，专栏334. comedy /'kɒmɪdɪ/n. 喜剧335. durable /'djʊəәrəәbəәl/ a. 耐用的，持久的336. reluctant/rɪ'lʌkt(əә)nt/a.勉强的，不愿意的337.harmony /'hɑːməәnɪ/ n.和谐，融洽338. decorate /'dekəәreɪt/vt. 装饰，装璜339. principal /'prɪnsɪp(əә)l/ a. 最重要的n. 负责人，校长340. principle /'prɪnsɪp(əә)l/n. 原则，原理341. prior /'praɪəә/a. 优先的，在前的342. priority /praɪ'ɒrɪtɪ/n. 优先，重点343. prohibit /prəә'hɪbɪt/vt. 禁止，不准344. remarkable /rɪ'mɑːkəәbəәl/a. 值得注意的，异常的，非凡的345. remedy /'remɪdɪ/ n. /vt. 补救，医治，治疗346. repetition /repɪ'tɪʃəәn/n. 重复，反复347. approach [əә'prəәutʃ] n./v.接近n.方法348. undertake /ʌndəә'teɪk/vt. 承担，着手做；同意，答应349. unique /juː'niːk/a. 唯一的，独特的350. obstacle /'ɒbstəәk(əә)l/n. 障碍（物），妨碍351. solar /'səәʊləә/ a. 太阳的352. omit /əә'mɪt/vt. 省略353. opponent /əә'pəәʊnəәnt/n. 敌手，对手354. opportunity /ɒpəә'tjuːnɪtɪ/n. 机会，时机355. virus /'vaɪrəәs/n. 病毒356. semester /sɪ'mestəә/n. 学期；半年357. semiconductor /,semɪkəәn'dʌktəә/n. 半导体358. negotiate /nɪ'gəәʊʃɪeɪt/ v.谈判，协商359. terminal /'tɜːmɪnəәl/a. 末端的，极限的n. 终点360. territory /'terɪt(əә)rɪ/n. 领土361. approximate /əә'prɒksɪməәt/a. 大概的，大约的，近似的v. 近似362. arbitrary /'ɑːbɪtrəәrɪ/a. 随意的，专断的363. architect /'ɑːkɪtekt/n. 建筑师364. architecture /'ɑ:kitektʃəә/n. 建筑学365. biology /baɪ'ɒləәdʒɪ/n. 生物学366. geography /dʒɪ'ɒgrəәfɪ/ n. 地理（学）367. geology /dʒɪ'ɒləәdʒɪ/n. 地质学368. geometry /dʒɪ'ɒmɪtrɪ/n. 几何（学）369. vibrate /vaɪ'breɪt/v. 振动，摇摆370. arrest /əә'rest/ v.逮捕，阻止371. twist /twɪst/vt. 使缠绕；转动；扭伤372. artificial /ɑːtɪ'fɪʃ(əә)l/ adj.人工的，虚假的；矫揉造作的373. entry /'entri/n. 进入，入口处；参赛的人（或物）374. environment /ɪn'vaɪrəәnməәnt/n. 环境375. respond /rɪ'spɒnd/ v.回答，回应，做出反应376. equation /ɪ'kweɪʒ(əә)n/n. 方程（式）377. concentrate /'kɒns(əә)ntreɪt/ v.集中378. excellent /'eksəәləәnt/adj.极好的，卓越的，杰出的379. resume /rɪ'zjuːm/v. （中断后）重新开始380. severe /sɪ'vɪəә/ a. 严重的381. sexual /'sekʃʊəәl/a. 性的382. simplicity /sɪm'plɪsɪtɪ/n. 简单；朴素383. simplify /'sɪmplɪfaɪ/vt. 简化384. sorrow /'sɒrəәʊ/n. 悲哀，悲痛385. via /'vaɪəә/prep. 经由，经过，通过386. faulty /'fɔːltɪ/a.有缺点的，有毛病的387. temptation /temp'teɪʃəәn/n. 诱惑，引诱388. terror /'terəә/n. 恐怖389. thrust /θrʌst/v. 挤，推，插390. treaty /'triːtɪ/n. 条约，协定391. arise /əә'raɪz/vi. 产生，出现，发生；起身392. arouse /əә'raʊz/vt. 引起，激起；唤醒393. burden /'bɜːdəәn/n. 重担，负荷394. spur /spɜː/n. /vt. 刺激，激励395. marvelous /'mɑrvəәləәs/a. 奇迹般的，惊人的396. massive /'mæsɪv/a. 客观的，大量的，大而重的397.divorce /dɪ'vɔːs/ n./v.离婚398. maximum /'mæksɪməәm/a. 最高的，最大的399. minimum /'mɪnɪməәm/a. 最低的，最小的400. nonsense /'nɒnsəәns/n. 胡说，冒失的行动。

magnetic a．磁性的；有吸引力的magnificent a．壮丽的；宏伟的；豪华的magnifier n．放大镜；放大器magnify v．放大；扩大magnitude n．大小；数量；重要性；巨大maid n．侍女；女仆；少女；处女maiden n．处女；少女；未婚女子maintenance n．维持；保养majestic a．雄伟的，壮丽的；庄严的；威严的；崇高的majesty n．威严，尊严；(M-)陛下majority n．多数，过半数malaise n．不适，欠安malaria n．疟疾malformation n．畸形，变形malfunction n．故障；功能碍障malicious a．恶意的；蓄意的malignant a．恶性的；有害的malnutrition n．营养不良mammal n．哺乳动物managerial a．经理的；管理人的；管理上的，经营上的mandatory a．强制的；委托的maneuver n．手法，操作法manifest v．表明；证明；显示a.明白的；明显的manipulate v．操作；处理；使用；操纵manometer n．压力计；血压计mansion n．大厦，大楼manual a．手的；用手的；手工做的；体力的n．手册，指南manuscript n．手稿；原稿；打字稿marble n．大理石march v．／n．前进；进行；行军margin n．页边空白；边缘；余地；幅度v．加边于marine a．海的；海生的；航海的marrow n．骨髓；精华；活力marsh n．沼泽地marshal n．元帅martyr n．烈士；(因疾病等)长期受痛苦的人marvel n．惊奇；奇观;奇迹v.惊奇;惊异marvelous a．惊人的；奇迹般的;了不起的Marxism n．马克思主义Marxist n．马克思主义者masculine a．男性的；男子气概的n.阳性；阳性词mask n. 面具;口罩v.遮盖;戴面具mass n．团，块，堆；众多，大量v．集聚n．(或M-)弥撒n．(p1．)群众，民众massage n．按摩，推拿v．按摩，推拿massive a．粗大的，大而重的；大规模的，巨大的masterpiece n．杰作；名著mastery n．控制；统治;优势;优胜;掌握，精通mat n．席子；垫子;地席;v.铺上垫子maternal a．母亲的；母系的maternity n．母性；产科医院；怀孕matron n．护士长；女总管；总干事maturate v．成熟；化脓mature a．成熟的；周到的v.成熟,成长maxim n．格言，箴言maximal a．最大的，最高的；最带总括性的maximize v．把…增加到最大限度；充分重视；作尽量广义的解释maximum n．最大量；最高点；顶点；极限a．最大的，最高的115maze n. 迷惑；混乱v.使迷惑;使困惑meadow n．草地；牧草地measles n. 麻疹mechanism n. 机制,机理;机械装置;手法；途径meddle v．干涉，干预median a．中央的，当中的n．中部;中线；中值medicare n．医疗照顾方案／项目medication n．药疗法，药物处理；药物;药剂medicinal a．药的；药用的；治疗的medico-athletics n．医疗体育medico-legal a．法医学的meditate v．沉思，冥思；反省；考虑;策划Mediterranean n．／a．地中海(的)medium a. 中等的，适中的n．中间,适中；媒介；媒介物；传导体medulla n．髓(质)melanin n．黑(色)素melody n．旋律，曲调；歌曲melon n．瓜；甜瓜membrane n．膜memorable a．值得纪念的；难忘的memorandum n．备忘录memorize v．记住；熟记；记录；存储menace v．／n．威胁；恐吓mend v．修补，修理，缝补；改正;改进n．修补；好转meningitis n．脑(脊)膜炎menstrual a．月经的；每月一次的mental a．思想的，精神的；智力的,脑力的merchandise n．商品；货物v．经商；推销merchant n．商人；零售商mercury n．汞，水银mercy n．仁慈；怜悯；宽恕merge v．使(企业等)合并；使结合；吞没；并吞merit n．价值；优点；功绩v.值得；应得merry a．欢乐的，兴高采烈的mesh n．网眼；网络；网状结构mess n．混乱，混杂；脏乱v.弄糟；弄乱；妨碍metabolism n．(新陈)代谢metallic a．金属的；金属制的；含金属的；产金属的；像金属的metastasis n．转移；转移灶；转移瘤meteorology n．气象学methodology n．方法论；(某一学科)一套方法meticulous a．过细的，细致的metropolitan a．大城市的，大都会的；宗主国的n．大城市人；大都市派头的人microbe n．微生物；细菌microbiology n．微生物学microfilm n．缩微胶卷；缩微照片v.用缩微法拍摄microorganism n．微生物midst n．中部，中间migrate v．迁移；移居mild a．温暖的，暖和的；温和的；温柔的；(烟、酒)味淡的military a．军队的；军事的；军用的mill n．磨坊；磨粉机；制造厂，工厂v．碾磨millionaire n．百万富翁mimic a．模仿的；摹拟的mince v．切碎；绞碎n．肉馅mingle v．混合，相混合miniature n．小画像；小型物minibus n．小型公共汽车minister n．部长；大臣；牧师v．伺候，照顾(to)ministry n．部minor a．较小的；较少的；较次要的n．兼修学科v．兼修(in)minority n．少数；少数派；少数民族mint n．薄荷minus a．减去的；负的prep．减(去)n．减号，负号；负数，负量minute a．微细的，微小的；详细的；精密的miracle n．奇迹；令人惊奇的人(或事)misbirth n．堕胎；流产miscarriage n．失败；误投；小产；流产;堕胎miserable a. 悲惨的；痛苦的misery n. 痛苦；悲惨；不幸mismatch v．／n．配错；配合不当missile n．导弹；发射物mission n．使节；代表团；使命,任务；v．派遣mist n．薄雾，霭v．下薄雾；模糊mitigate v. 缓和；镇静；安慰mitral a. 僧帽形的；二尖瓣的moan n．呻吟声；悲叹声v．呻吟,悲叹mobile a．运动的；活动的；易变的；流动的，机动的；活动装置的n．运动物体mobilize v．动员；活动mock v．嘲弄，嘲笑a.假的,虚幻的moderate a. 中等的,适度的;温和的;稳健的n.温和主义者v.变(使)和缓modest a．端庄的, 朴素的；谦虚的,羞怯的modesty n．谦逊，虚心；端庄，稳重;羞怯;朴素modification n．缓和;减轻; 更改，修改modify v．改变,改变;修饰；减轻；缓和modulate v．调整；调节moist a．湿润的，潮湿的moisture n．潮湿；湿气；湿度molar n．磨牙，臼齿a．克分子的mold 同mouldmole n．胎块；痣；克分子molecular a．分子的；克分子的molecule n．分子；克分子；微小颗粒molten a．熔化的；熔融的moment n．片刻，瞬间，时刻；重大，重要monetary a. 钱的；货币的；金融的monitor n. 班长；监听员；监听器;监视器；(病人)监护仪v.监视，监听；监护monocyte n．单核细胞monotonous a．单调的；一成不变的monster n. 怪物;妖怪a.异乎寻常地大的(只作定语)mood n. 心境；情绪；语气moral a．道德的；道义的；有道德的n．寓意；道德上的教训morality n．道德，美德；教训，寓意morbid a．病的；致病的；病态的；可怕的morbidity n. 发病率morphine n．吗啡morphology n．形态学；结构；词法mortal a．致命的；终有一死的；人世间的，凡人的n．凡人moaquito n．蚊子moss n．苔藓，地衣v．长苔藓motel n．汽车旅客旅馆moth n．蛾；蛀虫mothball n．卫生球；樟脑球motto n．箴言；格言；警句mould n．模子，模型，铸模；霉；霉菌v．造型，浇铸；发霉mount v．登上，爬上，骑上；增长；固定；镶嵌n．登上，骑马，支架；底座，底板mourn v．哀悼，悲悼mouse n．鼠；耗子v．捕鼠mucosa n．粘膜mucus n．粘液multiple a. 复合的；多样的；多重的；多倍的；复杂的；并联的n．multiplication n．增加，增多，倍增；增殖，繁殖；乘法multiply v．乘；增加；繁殖multitude n．大批；大群；大量mumps n．流行性腮腺炎municipal a．市的；市政的；市立的murmur n．咕哝；(心脏)杂音mushroom n．蘑菇musk n．麝香mustard n. 芥末mutate 变异；突变mutter v．／n．轻声低语；咕哝：抱怨mutton n．羊肉mutual a．相互的;共同的mycology n．真菌学myopia n．近视mysterious a．神秘的；可疑的；难理解的mystery n．神秘；神秘之事；神秘小说；侦探小说nail n．钉；指甲；爪v．钉,钉住naive a．天真的；朴素的naked a．裸体的；毫无遮掩的napkin n．餐巾(纸)naprapathy n．推拿疗法；矫正疗法narcotherapy n．麻醉疗法；睡眠疗法narcotic a．麻醉的narrate v．讲(故事)；叙述narration n．讲述；故事；记叙体narrative a．叙述的n．记事；叙述;记叙文narrow a．狭的，狭窄的；狭隘的v．弄窄nasal a．鼻的；鼻音的nasty a. 龌龊的；极脏的；令人作呕的naught n．零；无naughty a．顽皮的；淘气的nausea n．恶心；晕船naval a．海军的；军舰的navigation n．航行；航海；航海术;导航；领航；海上交通navy n．海军necessitate v．使成为必需；迫使(常用被动语态)necessity n．必要性；必然性；必需品necropsy n．尸体剖解；验尸necrosis n．坏死negligence n．疏忽；玩忽；粗心大意negligent a．疏忽的；玩忽的；粗心大意的negligible a．可以忽略的；微不足道的negotiate v．谈判；协商negotiation n．谈判；协商neonate n．不满一个月的婴儿neoplastic a．新生物的；赘生的;(肿)瘤的nephew n．侄子；外甥nephritis n．肾炎neural a．神经的neuralgia n．神经痛neurology n．神经病学neuron n．神经元，神经细胞nib n．钢笔尖；尖头nickle n．镍；五分镍币v.镀镍nicotine n．尼古丁niece n．侄女；外甥女niggard a．／n．小气的(人);吝啬的(人) nightwalker n．梦游病患者nil n．无，零nip v. 夹,钳,咬;剪断,夹断nipper n．钳子；镊子；螯nipple n．乳头；乳头状隆起nitrogen n．氮noble a．高尚的；贵族的n．贵族nocturia n．夜尿nocturnal a．夜间的；夜发的node n．节；结；瘤；中心点nodule n．小结节，小瘤nomenclature n．名称；术语；命名(法),术语集nominate v. 提名；指定；任命nomination n．提名；任命nonreversible a．不可逆的nonsense n. 胡说；废话nonsignificant a．无足轻重的,无意义的nonspecific a．非特异性的nostril n．鼻孔notable a. 值得注意的;著名的;显著的n.名人notary n．公证人，公证员noticeable a．显而易见的；值得注意的;重要的notion n．概念；想法；打算，意图notorious a．臭名昭著的；声名狼藉的notwithstanding prep．尽管ad．尽管，还是conj．虽然；尽管nought n．／a．无，零nourish v．施肥于；提供养分；养育nourishment n．食物，滋养品novel a．新颖的；新奇的n．长篇小说novelty n. 新奇;新颖noxious a．有害的；不卫生的；有毒的nuclear a．核的；核心的；原子核的nucleus n．核；核心；原子核；细胞核nude n．裸体的；光秃的；肉色的nuisance n．麻烦事；讨厌的人(或事)numb a．麻木的；失去感觉的numberical a．数字的，用数字表示的，数值的numerous a．众多的，大批的，无数的nursery n．托儿所，保育室;苗圃;繁殖场nurture n．营养物，食物；培育;养育；教养nutrient n．营养品a．营养的；滋养的nutriology n．营养学nyctalopia n．夜盲症nylon n．尼龙oaf n. 畸形儿；痴儿；笨汉oak n. 橡树，橡木a．橡木制的oar n. 桨，橹v．划船，划行oat n. 燕麦oath n. 誓约；誓言oatmeal n. 燕麦片；燕麦粥obesity n. 肥胖症obligation n. 义务,责任oblige v. 迫使;责成;使感激，施恩obliterate v．擦去；涂抹；去掉…痕迹；消失；除去oblivious a．忘却的；健忘的obscure a．暗的；朦胧的；模糊的;不清楚的；偏僻的v．使暗,使黑暗；遮掩；使失色observation n．观察；监视；言论，意见observe v．遵守；奉行；观察，注意到；看到；说，评述observer n．遵守者；观察员，观察家；评述者obsess v．使着迷；迷(缠)着;使烦扰obstacle n．障碍；妨碍obstetrics n．产科学；助产术obstinate a．固执的；顽强的obstruct v．阻塞，堵塞；阻挡，,阻止;设置障碍obstruction n．阻塞，堵塞；障碍物occasion n．场合，时节；时刻v．引起occasional a．偶然的；不时的v. 闭塞的；堵塞；(牙齿)咬合occult a．隐(伏)的；潜隐性的；秘密的ocular a．眼的；视觉的;目击的odds n．不平等；差异;差距;可能性odo(u)r n．气味；香气；臭气offence(-se) n．犯法；犯规，过错；冒犯;触怒；进攻offend v．冒犯；触犯；得罪;使不快；使恼火offensive a．冒犯的，攻击的n．攻势;进攻officinal a．药房现成有售的；依据药典配制的；药用的n．成药；药用植物officious a．过分殷勤的；好管闲事的；非官方(正式)的offset n．／v．分支；抵消；补偿omen n．预兆，兆头ominous a．不祥的，不吉的；预兆的，预示的oncology n．肿瘤学onion n. 洋葱opaque a．不透光的；不反光的,不传导的；晦涩的opera n．歌剧ophthalmology n．眼科学opiate n．鸦片制剂opium n．鸦片；麻醉剂opponent n．对手；敌手a.对立的;反对的opportunity n．机会oppress v．压迫；压制；压抑oppression n．压迫，压制；压制物;沉闷；压抑opt v．抉择，选择optical a．眼的，视力的; 视觉的;光学的optics n．(用作单或复)光学optimal a．最适宜的；最理想的;最令人满意的optimism n．乐观；乐观主义optimistic a．乐观的；乐观主义的optimize v．使尽可能完善；(表示)乐optimize v．使尽可能完善；(表示)乐观optimum n．最佳；最适条件；最适当的食物量option n．选择；选择权；选择自由optional a．可任意选择的；非强制的optometrist n．配镜师orbit n．眼眶，眼窝；轨道v.作轨道运行orchard n．果园orchestra n．管弦乐队ordeal n．严峻；考验；折磨organ n．器官；风琴organelle n．细胞器；小器官organic a．器官的；有机的organism n．有机体；生物orient n．东方v．定位oriental a．东方的n．东方人orifice n．孔，口originality n．创造力；独创性；创见，创举originally ad．最初地；有独创性地originate v．起源，发生；首创；创始ornament n．装饰，装饰品v．装饰ornamental a．装饰的；作装饰用的n．装饰品；观赏植物orphan n．孤儿a．无父母的；无父(或母)的；孤儿的orthopedics n．矫形外科学osmosis n．渗透(作用)osteoma n．骨瘤ostrich n．鸵鸟otitis n．耳炎otorhinolaryngology(otolaryngology) n．耳鼻喉科学outpatient n．门诊病人outrageous a．蛮横的；残暴的；无耻的outskirts n．郊区oval a．卵形的；椭圆形的n.卵形物ovary n．卵巢oven n．炉，灶；烘箱overactivity n．活动过度；过度活跃overall a．全面的；综合的n．工作服；罩衫；(pl．)工作裤overcast n．阴天a．阴暗的；郁闷的overflow v．使涨满；溢出；流出；漫出oversleeve n．袖套overt a．公开的；明显的overthrow v．／n．推翻；颠覆overwhelm v．压倒；制服ovum n．卵细胞oxide n．氧化物oyster n. 牡蛎ozone n. 臭氧pad n．垫，衬垫；便笺本v．填塞paddle n．桨v．用桨划pagoda n．塔pail n．提桶painstaking a．苦干的；艰苦的,费力的;刻苦的pal n．好朋友，伙伴v.成伙伴palate n．腭palliate v．减轻；缓和palliative a. 姑息的；治标的pallor a. 苍白；灰白palm n. 手掌；棕榈palpation n. 触诊palpitate v. 悸动；急速地跳动palsy n．瘫痪；中风，痉挛pamphlet n．小册子pancake n．薄煎饼pancreas n．胰(腺)pandemic a. 流行的；传染的n．传染病panel n．专门小组；面；板；控制板，操纵盘panic n. 恐慌;惊慌a.恐慌的;惊慌的pant n．v．气喘；心跳pants n．裤子pap n．软食；半流质食物papula n．丘疹；小突起parachute n．降落伞v．用降落伞降落parade n．游行；检阅v．游行paradise n．天堂paragraph n．段落，节；短讯；短评parallel a．平行的，与…平行的n.平行线，纬线；对比paralyse v．使麻痹，使瘫痪paralysis n．麻痹，瘫痪paralyze v．使麻痹，使瘫痪paraphrase n．释义；意译v．将…释义(意译)parasite n．寄生虫；寄生菌；食客parcel n．小包，包裹；(土地的)一块parenterally ad．不经肠道parish n．教区parliament n. 国会；议会parliamentary a．议会的；国会的parlo(u)r n．客厅；休息室paroxysm n．阵发；突发parrot n．鹦鹉partial a．部分的，局部的；偏爱的，不公平的participant n．参加者；参与者a．参与的participate v．参与；参加；分享；分担participation n. 参与；参加；分享particle n. 粒子；微粒；小品词；虚词partition n．分开；隔开物；隔开部分passion n．热情，激情；爱好；激怒；大怒passionate a．热情的；热烈的；激昂的；易动情的；易怒的；性情暴躁的passive a. 被动的；消极的paste n. 浆糊,糊状物v.粘,贴patch n．小片；小块；补钉;膏药;斑v．补，修补patent a．专利的；特许的n．专利；专利权v．给予…专利权；获得…专利权pathogen n．病原体pathology n．病理学pathophsiology n．病理生理学patience n．耐心；忍耐patient a．有耐心的；能忍耐的n.病人，患者patriot n．爱国者patriotic a．爱国的patrol n．巡逻；巡逻队v．巡逻pattern n．模式；式样；图案；花样v．仿制；模仿pave v. 铺砌；铺路pavement n. 人行道pavilion n. 亭子pearl n．珍珠v．呈珍珠状;用珍珠装饰peck v．／n．啄peculiar a．特殊的；独特的；古怪的peculiarity n．独特性，特色；特殊的东西；怪癖pedagogy n．教育学；教学法pedal a．足的；脚踏的n.脚踏v.骑自行车pedestrian n．行人a．步行的pediatrics n．儿科学peel v．削皮，剥皮n．果皮peep v．／n．偷看；窥看peer v．盯，窥，凝视n．同事;前辈peg n．木(或金属)钉；衣夹v.钉木钉pelvis n．骨盆penalty n．罚；惩罚pendulum n．摆；钟摆penetrate v．穿透；渗入；看穿penetration n．穿透；穿人；渗透peninsula n．半岛peninsular a．半岛的；半岛状的penny n．便士；一分pension n．抚恤金；养老金；年金v．给予…养老金(抚恤金等) pepper n．胡椒粉；胡椒；辛辣(或富于刺激性)的事物v．撒胡椒粉于pepsin n．胃蛋白酶peptic a．消化性的；助消化的；消化液的perceive v．察觉，发觉；理解；领悟perceptible a．感觉得到的；看得出的；可理解的perception n．感觉；概念；理解力perceptive a．知觉的；感觉灵敏的;有察觉力的；有理解力的percuss v．叩诊；震动；敲打percutaneous a．经皮的perforate v．穿孔；贯穿perform v．做，施行；完成；表演；演出performance n. 表演；演出；执行；完成performer n. 表演者；执行者perfume n. 香水；香料v．撒香水perfuse v. 洒；灌注；使充满peril n．严重危险v．置…于危险中periodic n．期间；周期；时期；时代；句号(pl．)月经期periodic a．周期的；定期的；间歇的；循环的periodical a. 定期的；周期的；期刊的n. 期刊，杂志peripheral a. 末梢的；周围的permanence n. 永久(性)；持久(性)permanent a. 永久的；持久的permeable a. 可渗透的；具渗透性的permeate v. 渗入；透过；弥漫；充满pernicious a．有害的，有毒的；恶性的;致命的perpetual a．永久的；永恒的perplex v．困惑；难住；使复杂化persecute v. 迫害persecution n. 迫害persevere v. 坚持；不屈不挠personify v．拟(某物)为人;使人格化；表现；体现personnel n．全体人员；全体职员；人事部门perspective n．前景；前途；观点；看法a. 透视的perspire v. 排汗pertain v．(to)附属，从属；关于；有关；适合，相称pertinent a．恰当的；贴切的；中肯的；有关的；相干的perturb v. 使不安;烦扰;扰乱;使紊乱perturbation n. 不安,烦扰;扰乱;紊乱pertussis n. 百日咳pervade v. 弥漫,渗透;充满,遍及pessimism n. 悲观；悲观主义；厌世pessimist n. 悲观者；悲观主义者；厌世pessimistic a. 悲观的;悲观主义的pesticide n. 杀虫剂；农药petition n.／v．请愿，申请，祈求petrol n．汽油petroleum n．石油petty a．细小的,次要的;渺小的pharmaceutical a．药学的;药物的；药用的;药剂师的pharmacology n．药理学；药物学pharmacy n．药学；制药；药店,药房pharyngitis n. 咽炎pharyngoscope n．咽镜pharynx n. 咽philosopher n. 哲学家;哲人philosophical a. 哲学家的;哲学上的;达观的philosophy n. 哲学,哲学体系phonetic a. 语音(学)的phosphate n. 磷酸盐phosphorus n. 磷photography n. 摄影术physiological a．生理学的；生理的physiology n．生理学pick v．挖；拾，采,摘;挑选n.镐picket n．桩，尖桩v．派去放哨;用栅子围上pickle n．腌制品；泡菜pictorial a．绘画的；图片的n．画报picturesque a．景色似画的；别致的pierce v．穿透pigeon n．鸽子pigsty n．猪圈pillar n．柱，支柱；柱形物pilot n．驾驶员，飞行员；领港员；引水员v．领港；驾驶(飞机等) pin n．大头针;别针;徽章;销,栓v．钉住,别住pinch v．／n．拧，捏,夹(痛);挤压pine n．松树v．憔悴;消瘦;渴望pink n．桃红色;粉红色a.粉红色的pinkeye n．火眼pistol n．手枪piston n．活塞pit n．坑；窖；小凹陷pitch n．沥青pitiable a．引人怜悯的；可怜的pitiful a．令人怜悯的；可怜的pituitary a．垂体的；粘液的n.垂体,垂体前后叶制剂pity n．怜悯；惋惜；可惜的事,憾事placebo n．安慰剂；宽慰话placenta n. 胎盘plague n. 瘟疫;鼠疫;灾祸;天灾v. 染瘟疫planetary a. 行星的,有轨道的plantation n. 种植园;栽植plaque n. 班,血小板;噬菌区plasma n. 血浆plaster n. 灰泥;膏药v.涂灰泥;敷贴膏药;减轻plateau n. 高原;平稳时期;停滞时期platelet n．血小板plea n．抗辩；诉讼；托词；请愿；请求plead v．恳求；为…辩护，辩解pledge n．誓约；保证v．发誓；保证plenary a．完全的；绝对的；全体出席的pleura n．胸膜plexus n．(血管，淋巴管，神经等的)丛plight n. 境况；困境，苦境v．保证plot n. 一块地；计划，阴谋,情节v. 策划plumber n．管子工；铅管工plump a．丰满的；饱满的plunder v．／n．掠夺；抢劫plunge v. 跳入;(使)投入;(使)入;猛冲plural n./a. 复数(的)plus prep. 加n.加号;正号a.正的pneumonia n．肺炎poke v. 戳，刺，捅，插；触碰；伸(头)polar a．地极的；南极的；北极的polarization n．(电)极化；极化强度；偏振；两极分化polarize v．极化；偏振；使两极分化pole n．柱，杆；地极；磁极v．用杆撑policy n. 政策,方针polish v. 擦亮,抛光n.擦亮剂poll n. 投票;投票数;民意测验v. 投票;对…进行民意测验polymer n. 聚合物；聚合体polyp n．息肉polytechnic a．多种工艺的；多种科技的pond n．池塘ponder v．考虑；沉思porcelain n．瓷；瓷器porch n．门廊pore n．毛孔；气孔；细孔v.凝视pork n．猪肉porridge n．粥port n．港口portable a．轻便的；手提(式)的portal a．肝门的；门静脉的；porter n．搬运工人；守门人portion n．部分；一份portrait n．肖像，画像positive a．确定的，肯定的；积极的；正面的；阳性的n．明确；实在；正面possess v．拥有，占有possession n．所有物；拥有，占有possessive a．占有的；所有的n．(the-)所有格postage n．邮费；邮资postal a．邮政的，邮局的n.明信片postdoctoral a．博士后的poster n．招贴；标语；广告(画)posterior a．后面的postmortem a. 死后的;验尸的n．尸体解剖；验尸postscript n．又及；附言；再者potassium n．钾potent a．有力的；有效力的；有势力的；烈性的potential a．潜在的；可能的n．潜力potentiality n．潜在性；可能性；(pl．)潜力potentiate v．加强；使更有效力(尤指药物)pottery n. 陶器类；陶器制造(术)poultry n. 家禽powder n．粉末，药粉pox n．痘，疹；脓疱practitioner n. 开业者；实践者131precaution n. 预防,谨慎;警惕v.预先,警告precautious a.有防备的；戒备的；警惕的precede v.在先，在前；优于precedence n.领先；在前；优先；上座precedent n.先例，前例a．在前的，优先的precious a.珍贵的，贵重的precipitation n.沉淀；加速；促进；降雨量precise a.精确的，准确的precision n. 精确(性);精密a.精确的，精密的precursor n.先驱者；前辈；前任；预兆；先兆predecessor n.前辈；前任者predispose v.使易感染；预先安排predisposition n.倾向；素质；易罹病的素质predominant a.占优势的；主要的；流行的；显著的preference n. 偏爱；喜爱；优先pregnancy n. 怀孕；怀孕期pregnant a. 怀孕的；孕育着的prejudice n. 偏见,成见;侵害,损害,歧视v. 使抱偏见,不利于preliminary a. 预备的,初步的n. 预考,初试prelude n.序言；预兆premature a.早熟的；不到期的n.早产的婴儿premed(premedical) a.医科大学预科的premier n. 总理,首相a．首要的,首位的premise n. 前提;(pl.)房屋(及其附属建筑,基地等)v.提出…为前提preoccupy v. 先占,使全神贯注;迷着;吸引preponderance n. 优越,优势prerequisite a.必须先具备的；先决条件的prescribe v.处(方)，开(药)；规定；指示；命令prescription n.药方，处方；命令；指示；规定prescriptive a.规定的，指示的；约定俗成的preside v. 主持presidency n. 总统的职位；管辖press v.压，挤，按；逼迫，催促n.报刊，出版界；压榨机，印刷机prestige n. 威望，声望presume v. 推测；假定presumption n. 假定，推测;专横,冒昧pretend v. 假装；假托prevail v. 取胜；占优势；流行,盛行prevalence n. 流行，盛行prevalent a. 流行的，盛行的previous a. 先的，前的，以前的previously ad.以前地prey n.被捕食的动物；捕食v.捕食；掠夺；折磨prick v. 刺(穿)；戳(穿)；刺痛priest n.教士；神父；牧师primary a.首要的，主要的；基本的；最初的；初级的；原始的；原发的prime a.主要的，首位的；最好的，头等的n．全盛时期；青壮年时期primitive a.原始的，早期的；简单的；粗糙的n．原始人(事物)prince n.王子；亲王princess n.公主；王妃priority n.优先；重点；优先权,先,前prism n.棱镜；棱柱(体),角柱(体)privacy n.隐居，隐退；秘密，私下；隐私private a.私人的；私有的；私立的；秘密的；私下的privilege n.优惠；特许；特权v．给予优惠；给予特权probation n.检验；验证；试用；见习probe n.探针；探查；探测器v．用探针探查；探查；查究procaine n.普鲁卡因procedure n.程序；步骤；过程procession n.队伍；行列；行进processor n. 加工者,处理者,信息处理机proclaim v. 宣布,声明proclamation n. 宣布,公布,声明,公告;宣告prodrome n.前驱症状；序论productivity n.生产率；生产能力proficiency n. 熟练；精通proficient a. 熟练的，精通的profile n.侧面(像)；外形，轮廓v.描…的轮廓profound a.深刻的；渊博的；深远的；深切的profuse a.极其丰富的；过多的prognosis n.预后progress n./v.前进；进步；进展progression n.前进；进步；接续progressive a.进步的；前进的；渐进酡：进行性的prohibit v.禁止；阻止prohibition n.禁止；禁令project n.计划；方案；工程；项目v.设计，规划；投射，放映,凸出projection n.设计，规划；发射，喷射,投影，投影图；凸出projector n.计划人；放映机；幻灯；发射装置prolapse n. 脱垂；下垂prominent a.突出的，杰出的；凸起的,突起的；显著的promote v. 提升，晋升；促进，增进,助长prompt a.敏捷的；迅速的；即刻的v.促使；引起ad．准时地prone a.有…倾向的；易于…的propaganda n.宣传propagate v.繁殖；宣传；传播propel v.推进，推动property n.财产；所有权；性质；特性prophylaxis n.预防；预防法proponent n.建议者；支持者a．建议的proportion n.部分；比例，比重；均衡，相称v．(使)成比例proportional a.相称的；成比例的proportionate a.成比例的；相称的v．使成比例proposal n.提议，建议；推荐；打算；求婚propose v.提议，建议；推荐；打算;求婚prose n.散文prosecute v.彻底进行；从事;经营,对…起诉；告发prosecution n.彻底进行；从事;经营,起诉;告发prospect n.展望；前景v．勘探prospective a.预期的；未来的；前瞻性的prosper v.繁荣，昌盛；成功prosperity n.繁荣；兴旺；成功prosperous a.繁荣的，兴旺的prostate n.前列腺protest v./n.断言；主张；抗议；反对protocol n.议定书；草约；会谈记录；外交礼节protoplasm n.原生质，细胞质prototype n.原型；标准；典型protract v.延长；伸长protrude v.伸出；突出proverb n.谚语，格言v．成为谚语：用谚语表达province n.省；领域，范围provincial a.省的，地方的n．外省人；乡下人provision n.给养，口粮；准备，预备；条款，规定v．向…供应粮食provoke v.煽动；激怒；激起；诱发proximate a.贴近的；近似的；即将到来的proximity n.贴近，接近；近似prodent a.谨慎的；慎重的；精明的；节俭的pseudo a.假的，冒充的psychiatry n.精神病学psychic a.精神的,心理的psychological a.心理的,心理学的psychology n.心理学psychosis n.精神病,精神极度不安puberty n.青春期puff n.(一)喷，(一)吹；一阵，一股(气味)；隆起的小块pulmonary a.肺的pumpkin n.南瓜,南瓜藤punch v.冲压, 穿孔n．冲压机；穿孔机punctual a.准时的；不误期的；正确的；精确的puncture n./v.穿刺，刺puppet n.木偶，玩具；傀儡puppy n.小狗，幼犬purification n.纯化，净化；提纯purify vt. 使纯净，使洁净；纯化purple n.紫色a．紫的，紫红的v．(使)成紫色purse n. 钱包pursue v. 追逐；追击；从事；进行pursuit n. 追赶，追求；职业；事务purulent a. 化脓的；脓性的pus n. 脓；脓液pajama n.(pl.)睡衣裤pylorus n.幽门pyrexia n.发热quack n.庸医；江湖医生；冒充内行的人;骗子quadrant n.四分体；象线quake v./n.震动，颤动；发抖quantities v. 测定(估计)…的数量quarantine n. 检疫；检疫处；隔离；隔离区quarterly n.季刊a．季度的ad．季度地quartz n.石英queer a.奇怪的，古怪的；眩晕的；不舒服的；想呕吐的quench v.熄灭；扑灭；抑制quest n./v.寻找；探求；搜索questionnaire n.调查表；问题单queue n.辫子；行列；长队v．排长队quiescence n.静止;休眠;(疾病的)被遏制状态quilt n.被(子)；被状物v.缝(被)；用垫料填塞quinine n.奎宁quinsy n.扁桃体周脓肿quiver v.颤抖n．颤动；箭袋quiz n.恶作剧；挖苦；小型考试；测验；知识竞赛quota n. 定额quote v. 引用,援引rabies n.狂犬病racial a.人种的；种族的；种族间的racism n.种族主义；种族歧视racist n.种族主义者rack n.搁板，行李架radial a.光线的；射线的；辐射状的；桡骨的n．放射部；射线radiate v.散发，发光，辐射a．有射线的radiation n.辐射，发光，发热；放射物radical a.根本的，重要的；彻底的；激进的radicle n.根；基radioactive a.放射性的radiograph n.放射照片radiology n.放射学radiotherapy n.放射疗法radius n.半径；放射线; 桡骨rag n.破布，碎布rage n.愤怒v．发怒raid n./v.袭击；搜查rail n.栏杆，围栏；铁路v．用栏杆围隔rake n. (长柄的)耙子，钉齿耙；耙状的用具v．耙rale n.罗音；水泡音rally n.集合；恢复；振作；大会v.集合；召集；振作；恢复ramble v./n.闲逛；漫步ramify v.分枝；成网状rancher n.大牧场主(或工人)；大农场主(或工人)；大牧场(或农场)管理人员rarity n.罕见的事物rascal n.流氓；无赖rash n.疹a．急躁的ratify v.批准；认可rating n.级别，等级；额定值,定额；责骂，申斥ration n.定量；给养；口粮rational a.理性的；合理的rationale n.基本原理；理论基础；原理的阐述ravage v./n.蹂躏，劫掠，毁坏razor n.剃刀reactionary a.反动的n．反动分子reactivate v.使恢复活动；使复能readily ad.乐意地；容易地reagent n.试剂；反应力；反应物realm n.王国，国土；领域，范围ream n.令；大量v．铰大,钻大;榨出…的汁reap v. 收割；收获rear n. 后部，尾部a．后方的，后部的v．抚养；栽种；饲养reassure v.使放心；再次保证rebellious a.造反的，反抗的；(疾病等)难治的rebuke v./n.训斥，指责；非难,谴责recede v.退；退去；收回，撤回receptacle n.容器，贮藏器；插座，插孔recipe n.菜谱；配方；处方recipient n.接受者；受血者；受体reciprocal a.相互的；往复的；互利的n.有相互关系的事物；倒数recite v.背诵，朗诵；列举reck v.顾虑，介意；有关系，相干；注意，对…有关系recklessly a.不在乎的；不顾后果的reckon v.数，计数；看作，认为reclaim v.开垦；回收；改造；感化recline v.向后靠；斜倚recoil v./n.撤回；退位；跳回;弹回；产生反作用recollect v.回忆；追忆；想起recombination n.再组合；再化合；复合recommend v.劝告，建议；介绍,推荐recommendation n.建议，劝告；推荐recompensce n.酬报；赔偿reconcile v.使和解；调解reconciliation n.和解recondition v.修理，修复，修整；改革，改善reconstruct v.重建，再建recreation n.娱乐，消遣recrudesce v.(病痛)复发recruit n.补充；恢复健康;复原rectify v.纠正；整顿rectitis n.直肠炎rectum n.直肠recumbent a.躺着的；斜靠的recur v.复发；再发reel n.卷轴，卷筒；卷盘，一盘v.卷，绕；拉起referral n.工作的分派；治疗安排refine v.精练；精制；提纯；精炼refluent a.倒流的，回流的refractary a.难治疗的；顽固性的refrain v.抑制；忍住refresh v.提神，振作,使清新refreshment n.茶点，点心;恢复;爽快refugee n.难民；流亡者refusal n.拒绝，回绝refute v.反驳，驳斥regimen n.社会制度；生活制度；服药时间(表)regression n.退化；退步；消退；回归rehabilitate v.使复原，恢复(正常生活)rehearsal n. 排练，排演；练习，演习；背诵；详述，复述reign v./n.统治reinforce v.增援，加强n．加固物relapse n./v.复发；再发relaxant a.弛张的；n．弛缓药relay v.中继，转播；接力；再放；重新涂；重新铺设relevance n.相关；中肯；恰当relevant a.相关的；适当的；中肯的reliability n.可靠性reliable a.可靠的relic n. (p1.)遗体，尸体；遗物；遗迹；废墟relief n.缓解，消除；救济，援救relieve v.缓解，消除，减轻；救济religion n.宗教，信仰religious a.宗教的；信教的；虔诚的reluctance n.勉强，不情愿reluctant a.不愿的，勉强的remedy n.药品；治疗措施；补救办法v.治疗；补救remit v.缓解，减轻remittent a.弛张的；忽重忽轻的remnant n.a.残余(的)；剩余(的)removal n.排除；切除；搬迁，移动renal a.肾的render v.使得，使变为；提出,提供；给予；呈报n．缴纳repeal v./n.撤消，废除repel v.拒绝，排斥repent v.悔悟；后悔repetition n.重复，反复replicate v.复制；重复represent v.表示，说明；描写，表现，象征；代表，代理；演出；提出representative n.代表；代理人a．代表性的repress v.镇压；抑制；约束repression n.抑制；约束；镇压reproach v./n.责备，申斥，指责reproduce v.繁殖，生殖；复制，仿造repulsion n.排斥；反感；厌恶reputation n.名声；声望requisite a.必不可少的n．必需品rescue v./n.营救，救援resect v.切除resemblance n.相似；相似点；相似物resemble v.相似，象resent v.不满于；愤恨；怨恨reserve v.保留；储备；预定n．储备；储备品；储备金reservoir n.水库，蓄水池；贮主reside v.居住；驻扎residence n.住处；住宅resident n.居民；常住者；住院医师residual a./n.残留(的)；剩余(的)residue n.残余；剩余；残渣resign v.辞去；辞职；顺从；听从resignation n.辞职；辞呈；听从；屈从resin n.树脂；松香resistant a.有抵抗力的；反抗的；有耐药性的resoluble a.可分解的；可溶解的；可解决的resolute a.坚决的，果断的resolution n.决心，坚决；决定;决议;消除；消退；分解resonance n.回声，反响；共振；共鸣resonate v.共振，谐振；共鸣resort v.求助；凭借；诉诸n．胜地；常去之处respective a. 各自的;各个的respire v. 呼吸respiration n. 呼吸respond v. 回答, 答复, 响应, 起反应response n.回音，回答；反应, 响应responsibility n.责任；职责responsible a. 应负责的, 有责任的, 责任重大的；认真负责的restore v. 归还，放回；修复;恢复restrain v. 抑制；制止restraint n. 抑制；约束restrict v.限制；约束restriction n.限制；约束resultant a.作为结果而发生的n. 结果；组合；生成物resume n.梗概；个人简历v.重新开始，继续；恢复retail v./n.零售，零卖a．零售的。

北大考博英语基础词汇汇编（精华版）Abandon The match was abandoned because of bad weather.cross out wipe out desert/forsake/ leave / depart / discard / relinquish / surrender /withdrawabide We have to abide by the rules of the game. (abide observe discover a dapt)Her fame will abide for sure. Last/endure/ continue/persist/remain/stayYou have to keep ______ with the times.Abreast/ fit in withabsorb He was absorbed in a book and didn t hear you call.engage/occupy/bend over/ be busy withabundant/rich The rivers and forests of the New World were abundant in fish and gameaccess In many schools, students don t have sufficient access to the library.Way/approach/solution/answer/Accessible/available/handy/ready/convenient/obtainable/at handHis words are never in _____ with his deeds. (situation accordance accord ing fit)I m in agreement with Mr. Moore. in agreement with/ be compatible with /comply with /conform to/be in proportion toaccount He asked no one s advice; he did it on his own account independentlyYou have to take everything into account/consideration. Attention/regard/respe ct/mindGive us an account of what happened. Story/reason/information/description/tal e/statementHe has been asked to account for his absence. ( describe tell relate answerfor say explain explicate)acquire to acquire a good knowledge of English. Attain/obtain/gain/earn/sec ureactive He is very active in politics.Energetic/spirited/lively/dynamic/excited/enthusiasticadapt To our delight, she quickly adapted (herself) to the situation.Adjust/accommodate/alter/vary/arrange/modify/make fitaccustom She is ______to living in comfort. (accustomed/used addict be fa miliar with)admit It will take you half an hour to get to the station, allowing for traffic delays.(allow/admit/accept/permit/receive/confess/ acknowledge/adopt)adequate Their earnings are barely adequate to their needs.enough/sufficient/satisfactory/plenty/ampleadvantage The great advantage we have over them is that they are short of mon ey.Benefit/gain/upper hand interest/profit/harvest/crop/earnings/returnsAim His aim is to win the game.Purpose/intention/goal/end/target/objective/motive/destinationAmass He amassed a great fortune in twenty years.Accumulate/assemble/gather/increase/collect/compile/heap up/store upMass/bulk/quantity/load/amount/volume/accumulation/pile/heap/crowd/multitude/p ack/gangFigure/digit/measureambitious These young men were ambitious for success and money.Eager for/longing for/ hopeful for/wish for/crave for/be set on/be bent on/beintent uponamount His debt now amounts to 1,000 pounds.Add up to/approximate/total/sum upThe future of her marriage is supposed to be decided by the amount of money.sum/measure/quantity/price/valueangle Try looking at this affair from a different angle. aspect/view/point ofview/opinion/belief/attitude/impression/notion/idea/thought/conception/judgment/theory/outlookannounce He had to announce the death of Johnson before the board.Proclaim/broadcast/report/state/declare/notify/tell/make knownanticipate A good general can anticipate what the enemy will do.expect/ look forward to/await/foresee/hope foranything but The hotel is anything but satisfactory. Not at allThe apparent things might not tell of the truth.apparent obvious seeming evident clear plainapart Apart from his nose, he is quite good-looking.Apart from the injuries to his face and hands, he broke both legs.Except for / other than /but / but for / besides/moreover/also/too/as well/in additionHe was appointed member of the committee.Name/elect/nominate/choose/assign/vote forappeal I appeal to him for help. implore/plead/begapply Please apply to the secretary for further information.The rules of safe driving apply to everyone.approve Many people don t approve of the plan. disapprovelike/prefer/endorse/accept/think well ofarise The company s losses this year arise almost entirely from the new taxes.Rise raise rouse arouse ariseOriginate/ derive/stem/ flow/come/emerge/appear/show up/turn up fromartificial/artistic Her painting is a great artistic creation.ashamed/shameful embarrassed/embarrassing frustrated/frustrating humiliated/h umiliatingAshamed of having acted so rashly, David apologized to Amy for having accused him.acquaint I m sure Betsy is the girl whom you will be glad to get acquainted w ith.associate/link / touch / join / unite / combine / connect /go with / run with/mingle with / relateI assume that success is a sum of mistakes.Assume think suppose presume suspect understand take for grantedassure I can assure you of my support.confirm assure ensure insure convince guarantee pledge promiseYou’ve got to attain the mastery of at least on foreign language.Attain gain accomplish finish fulfill realize completeattribute Jim attributes his success to hard work. owe ascribeavoid You should avoid driving in the center of the town during the rush hour .Avoid shun escape evade keep away fromThe government has banned the used of chemical weapons.Bar prohibit exclude forbid shut out block obstructbargain The dress is quite a bargain. bargain salebasis On the basis of our sales forecasts we may begin to make a profit nextyear.China has been following the foreign policy to develop relations with other co untries on the basis of the five principles of peaceful co-existence.ground foundationScientists say it may be five or ten years before it is possible to test thismedicine on human patients.As soon as before the second the minute the momentYou can’t blame all this on me.He is the last one to blame for the accident.Charge/accuse/indict/censure/criticize/condemnboard He paid 40 pounds for board and lodging. food /mealsboard/ committee/ staff/ faculty/ crew/ teamboast You should not boast of your success. Brag /show offboom Production boomed.Progress/increase/advance/thrive/gain/speed up/grow/swell/flourish/develop/pro sperbrief It is a long letter, but in brief, he says "No". shortWe are bound for London. Head makeThe weather is bound to get better tomorrow. Likely going toThere are no bounds to his ambition. Limit confine restrictioncall This situation¬¬¬¬_____________ for prompt action. (ca lls in calls at calls on calls for)They have called off their engagement.She was calm when I told her of the terrible news.Quiet/still/tranquil/serene/peacefulWe should not doubt his capability.Capability/ability/skill/power/talent/capacity/competency/efficiencyBefore you decide on a vocation, it might be a good idea to consult a few goodfriends.Career job vocation trade calling work profession occupationThere is no reason why we should not carry on with it.Carry on go on keep on continue work on be under way be in processcase In any case I shall return in a day or two. If even if for fear on conditioncenter She centered her attention on the problem.Focus concentrate fixcharge The charge against him was severe. nSentence/ accusation/ persecution/ guilty/trial/ condemnation/indict /judgmentSince the situation is changing, let’s take some _____ measures to deal withit.flexible changeable changingIf I had the choice, I would retire at thirty.Selection/preference/option/alternativeNo one came to claim for the horse, so the farmer decided to sell it.cling She clung to the hope that he was still alive.Stick adhere hold grasp keepclose The ceremony was brought to a close by the singing of the national anthem（国歌）.Listen and look closely, you’ll find it out.A good employer gives hints to his or her employees without interfering with t heir creativity.Tip information news wind message clue evidence sign proof keycombine Hydrogen combines with Oxygen to form water.blend mix mingle fuse unite couple joincomment I m afraid I can t comment on your work just yet. Remarkcriticism judgment decision evaluation criterion standard remarkcommit I cannot commit myself to any further expense; my means are stretched to the utmost as it is. Devote dedicateCompare this with that, and you will see which is the better. ContrastPoets have compared sleep to death.She is lovely beyond compare.comparison This one costs more but is really cheaper by comparison.I have done little this year in comparison with what I did last year.Comparable/comparativecompel We cannot compel you to do it, but we think you should.Force oblige urge require drive press work hard on push promptHe has formed a good habit.Form/create/shape/develop/mold/compose/construct/design/devise/frame/arrange/b uildAssemble/manufacture/produceNext year, Susan has to take three compulsory courses. Requiredcompose The committee was composed mainly of teachers and parents.Consist of/ be made up of / contain / include/hold/cover/comprisecomprehensive /ComprehensibleShe has a comprehensive grasp of the subject.conscious She was not conscious of his presence in the room. AwareConsiderate/considerable It was very considerate of you to send me a Christmas card.Difference between them:Considerate/thoughtful/kind/sympatheticConsiderable/much/important/great/significant/powerfulcontend I would contend that unemployment is our most serious social evil.Argue/struggle/fight/quarrelOur journey was slow because the train stopped continually at different villages.continuously vs continuallyconvey Words cannot convey how delighted I am. expresscope Poor Mary！She has so much to cope with.deal with live with be put up with tolerate endure bear stand be fedup withhandle treatcorrespond This word in the English version corresponds to that phrase in the French one.count Her opinion counts because of her experience.Matter be of importance significant have the last word 转Don’t count on a salary increase this year.believe depended count confide rely depend bankcritical If you really understood the difficulties facing the government, youwouldn t be so critical of its spending reductions. ExpenditureCrucial urgent pressing decisiveIronic faultfinding picky fastidious sarcasticcure This medicine should cure you of your cold.Remind relieve inform deprive rob breakIt is not my custom to give in. Custom habit use practice manner way pat tern tendency fashion routine natureThe damage to the house caused by the storm took several days to repair.destruction damage harm ruin injury bruise impact spoil wrong pain agon y distressgrieve /hurt / impair/ abuse /plague/ epidemic/debris/trash/junk/rubbishdecline Steel production has been on the decline in these countries.Diminish decrease fall drop dip sink reducedeep They dived deep into the ocean.She was deeply interested in classical music.degree She has also affected but to a lesser degree. Extentdeem They deemed him innocent but failed to understand why he was lying. think/believe/consider/judge/assume/suppose/regard/ponder/contemplate/study/re flect/think overA good mastery of English demands patience and enthusiasm.Demand/require/call fordeny They denied her the opportunity to see her father.refuse decline rejects turn down say no todie She died of an illness; and he died a beggar.The storms are dying down.The noise of the car died away in the distance.The members of the family had all died off.This species has died out.Can you describe what he looks like?Describe/portray/illustrate/picture/characterize/represent/define/tellThey were determined that he make a big fortune in his forties.Convinced/firm/sure/certain/resolute/seriousShe was in his eyes a devoted mother.Devoted/earnest/hearty/sincere/serious/zealousThe sewers discharge (their contents) into the sea.Discharge/discard / cast way / do away with / dispose of / abandon / forsake / desert / give away/throw away/cast off/get rid ofdisplay We were amazed by the rich variety of commodities on display.Her writings display natural talents.Exhibit show indicate specify illustrate demonstrate expose present distinct Mice are distinct form rats.Different/unlike/varied/opposite/contrary/reverse/dissimilarLong sentences are distinctive of Henry James’s later style.Characteristic explicit definite candid unmistakable expressive direct The light is so dim that I cannot distinguish one object from another.distinguish tell separate divideHe is one of the most distinguished scholars in this field.Distinguished/outstanding/famous/well-known/noted/popular/celebrated/honored/r ecognized/prominent/important/superiorIn the dark I could only discern the outline of the building.Discern/see/make out/observe/perceive/recognize/know/understand/detect/spot/sp y/beholddiverse There are people from diverse cultures at the party. different various comprehensiveHe refused to disclose his name and address.Disclose/uncover/reveal/show/expose/betrayThey drew up the contract and presented it to the management.The train drew in/into the station. pulldraw pull drag push heave lift hauldraw crawl creep linger on drag near be oncoming/ongoingShe drove her car into the forest.Drive/steer/direct/conduct/handle/manage/run/work/operate/rideDon’t discourage her; she is doing her best.Vs encourageDiscourage/prevent/hinder/disapprove/keep from/try to stopThe shoes are expensive but durable.Durable/long-lasting/enduring/permanent/endless/solid/strongIt is your duty to go.Duty/work/job/chore/assignment/charge/function/obligation/responsibility/offic e/rolebusiness/job/vocation/occupation/task/assignment/position/labor/industry/emplo yment/effortHe is living an easy life now. comfortableIt is an economy to buy good shoes: they cost more, but they last much longerthan cheap ones.economic/economical/economyHe went to a very good elementary school.elementary/fundamental/basic/primary/essential/simple/beginning/introductory/i nitial/primitiveSince 1975 the forty hour work week has been in effect.The acid has no effect on the metal.The new regulation does not go into effect until the first of March.A sentence of ten years imprisonment on a person of eighty is in effect a life sentence.He is not likely to give effect to his threat.effect force power practiceShe encouraged him to take this examination.Encourage/support/back up/urge/promote/sponsor/cheer/inspireend Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end.I must warn you that my patience is almost at an end.I ve warned you no end of times not to touch that machine.I hope that everything will turn out all right in the end.He had approached every friend and acquaintance for help in vain, and now he w as at his wit s end.黔驴技穷We ended the diner up with fruit and coffee.When the reception came to an end, they were reluctant to leave the hall.The argument between the two men ended in a fight.The government is determined to put an end to terrorism.He s entitled to a pension, but he won t dream of retiring yet.entitle qualify authorize enable sanction empowerThe soldiers were equipped with the latest weapons.equip provideThey have the exclusive right to do the advertisements for this company. incl usiveMy wife has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my job.exert practice exercise impose availHe is one of the greatest contemporary writers.Existing living contemporary lately—later---late---latter current recent He must face up to the fact that he is no longer young. live face comeDevotion is essential for work.Necessary/vital/fundamental/required/crucial/critical/important/fatal/indispen sableCompulsory/obligatory/imperative/urgentNothing is everlasting.Forever/endless/perpetual/eternal/permanent/constant/infinite/continual/for go odThe bird extended its wings in flight.Stretch/lengthen/increase/expand/broaden/spread/enlarge/magnifyHer nose is a very attractive feature.Feature/looks/appearance/characteristic/trait/markAre you in favor of women taking part in politics?In the favorThe international situation is favorable to us. AdvantageousPanic swept through the swimmers as they caught sight of a huge shark approach ing menacingly.Tension Excitement Fear Nervousness fuss ado chaos confusion turmoil ri otAfter Tom passed his driving test he filled in/out an application for his driving license.The children hid in the house and ate their fill.The price of vegetables fluctuates according to the weather.wavers vibrates swings fluctuates hesitates quakes trembles shuddersThere are fine distinctions between the two.fine/minute/delicate/detailed/small/tiny/slight/insignificantMichael found it difficult to get his British jokes across to American audience.Understand comprehend catch on getHe gave a gift for my birthday.give/present/offer/bestow/donate/grant/contribute/award/provide/supply/deliver /deal out/hand out/turn inHe had a good house, a good wife and a good job.Good/desirable/right/appropriate/suitable/becoming/satisfying/decentThey grouped together in fours.arrange/assemble/organize/classify/sort/collect/grade/rank/value/evaluate/catorgerize/estimateWhen he was young, he always _______ around and did not care about what was ha ppening around him. Hang loaf loiterhit She hit on a good title for her new novel. Come acrossHer new film is quite a hit. successThe rent increase will hit the pockets of the poor. Affecthold She held back, not knowing how to break the terrible news.I think he is holding something back; he knows more that he admits. HideShe always holds to her convictions.The forthcoming talks hold out the hope of real arms reduction.Road works on the highway are holding up traffic.There was something wrong with the traffic signal. Our bus was ______ for near ly half an hour.A. held onB. held backC. held outD. held upidentical This copy is identical with/to the ones you bought last week. thesame asIf only I were rich！Only if I am rich, I can do what I want.Immoral vs amoralHe deserted his family and was called an immoral person by his neighbors.（不道德的）It was he that initiated this project.Initiate/launch/start/begin/pioneer/found/lead/head/break the iceIncentive The fun of playing the game was a greater incentive than the prize.(excitement initiative motive entertainment)We are in for trouble.He know the ins and outs of the problem.Privatization is thought to be beneficial in that it promotes competition.A good teacher should be impartial to his students.Impartial/impersonal/unbiased/neutral/disinterested/just/fairdetatched unconc erned indifferentThis car is inferior to the one I bought last year.inferior superior senior junior similar priorThe author of the book has shown his remarkably keen insight into human nature .intellect insight perception understanding comprehension wisdom intuit ionNo doubt, a trade mark pertains to a firm’s intangible assets.intangible invisibleinterfere /intervene If you interfere in /with other people s affairs, you will regret it.He testified in court that he had seen the prisoner run out of the bank afterit had been robbed.testified witnessed justified identified notify specifykeep I can t understand you keeping a thing like that to yourself.Please keep to the point --- we are running out of time.I c an’t keep up with all the changes in computer science.If you want to fulfill your dream, you have to keep ______it. (to / up on)keep/have/hold/maintain/preserve/conserve/save/tend/protect/guard/sustain/upho ld/bear/posessThey did not only lack water, they also lacked in courage.Want/be in need/ fall shortlarge The dangerous wild animal is still at large in the quiet countryside.By and large, the company has been good to me.This is law and you can’t change as you wish.rule/principle/stamdard/formula/act/decree/regulation/legislation/lawmaking/resolution/statuteShe saw a notice “ apartment to let”.Let/rent/lease/charter/contract/agreementShe is the one that laid out the town.He was laid off for his ill performance.liable likely probable liable responsible accountable answerablePeople who walk on the grass are liable to a fine of 5 dollars.She liked the black dress and bought it although it was very expensive.Like/prefer/fancy/take to/enjoy/care for/be fond ofThe football match was televised live from the workers’ stadium.alive live life lively living lovelyI am not sure of the exact location of the café.Location/position/place/area/zone/territory/district/section/neighborhood/spot/site/situationRecent research has shed/cast/thrown new light on the causes of the disease.The mansion was splendid.Splendid/magnificent/grand/majestic/superb/exquisite/marvelous/wonderful/glorious/imposing/impressive/brilliant/phenomenal/exceptional/remarkable/mira culousI can’t make out what she wants.The ship made for the open sea.What are we to make of his behavior?Nothing can make up for the loss of a life.He has made it up with her.A frequently cited example of the endangered species is the panda.Mentioned quoted referred tomood I am not in the ______ for joking. sentiment emotion mood feeling s entimentality sensation sense sensitivitynerve My children are always getting on my nerves.Can you really afford this amount?Amount/sum/quantity/number/portionA (large) number of problems have arisen.The number of books stolen from the library is large.The marks were below average.Average/middle/medium/normal/ordinary/moderate/halfway/regular/usualThe method is ok; the problem is the procedure.method/way/approach/manner/means/fashion/style/procedure/process/course/plan/s cheme/design/The mutual benefit. Mutual/reciprocal/common/jointobserve You’ve got to ______ t he laws of the land.Abide by/follow/obey/comply withoccur Has it ever occurred to you that those twins are quite different from each other in many ways?We can afford to overlook these minor offenses.Overlook/neglect/forget/miss/ignore/skip/disregard/pass overown Do you mean you have left her to do that on her own?He’d like a car of his own.Nobody owned up to the theft.This is a painstaking effort. CarefulThey walked the path every morning.Path/route/line/road/track/trail/way/journey/excursion/voyage/trippeculiar That way of speaking is peculiar to people in this small part of thecountry.distinctive / typical/ characteristic/ representative/ special/ particular / unique / notable/ particularThe government gets a(n) ____ from taxes.income revenue fund payment wages finance budget expenditurepersist It should be obvious to you that if you persist in bothering him, hewill get angry with you.I shall be very _____ if you could do me a favor.pleasing pleasant grateful thankful pleased gracious generouspoint She was just on the point of going away when Betty came in.As I was in a hurry I asked him to come to the point at once.s no point in arguing further.He made an excellent speech, and everything he said was to the point.It is very rude to point at people in the street.If/when it came to the point, would you sacrifice your job for your principles?popular populous populatedA game that is very popular among/with these young swimmers is the underwatertricycle race.The child showed great _______of mind by grabbing the falling baby.courage calmness presence bravery boldness willpreside The chairman presided at/over the meeting last Friday.Virtue will prevail over evil.prevail triumph winIn private/ in secret / in personMatters like this are best discussed in private.They are privileged people in the society.Privilege/ right/ liberty/ freedom/advantage/license/ honorShe gave him a prompt reply.quick rapid fast prompt punctual instant immediate readyThe _______ of finding jobs this year are not so good. (expectation promises future prospects)provided on condition save unless given suppose sayI will agree to go provided/providing that my expenses are paid.put She’s put a tidy sum for her retirement.They decided to put aside their differences.She help her put the toys away.She is putting radical proposals for the economic reform.We had to put off our wedding until September.We can put you up for the night.I don’t know how she can put up with him/his cruelty to her.Racial problems exist in everyday life.Race/breed/people/fold/tribe/nation/culturerange scope extent His speech ranged over a number of topics.Range/limit/distance/length/scope/extent/reach/field/spherereach All these were within the reach of the ordinary men.Put that bottle of weed-killer out of the reach of the children.He reached for his gun.Her requirements are reasonable.Reasonable/sensible/fair/logical/just/sound/rational/practical/realistic/justifiableMy favorite recreation is chess.Recreation/amusement/entertainment/play/pleasure/enjoyment/relaxation/pastime/ funThey had to seed refuge from the storm.Refuge/shelter/asylum/protectionI have registered for the English course.Register/record/enroll/list/enter/sign/fill out a formreceive acceptI hear that John has _____ a new position at the travel agency.red black A large number of American radio stations operate in the red.regard Motion means change of position of an object in/with regard to the pos ition of some other object or objects.I have little information as regards his past.She said nothing regarding your request.Please give my sincere regards to all the members of your family.Some people act regardless of what will happen afterwards.They helped solve the problems in high ______ to the living conditions of the people.(attention regard intention stress)relevant His age isn t relevant to whether he is a good teacher.Reluctant Today black children in South Africa are still reluctant to study s ubjects from which they were effectively barred for so long. Unwillingremedy The doctor soon found a remedy for the boy s illness.Cure/heal/treat/mend/correctrespect With respect to your requests, we regret that we are unable to assistyou in this matter.Respect/adore/appreciate/honor/admire/look up to/fall for/be crazy aboutIn this respect the film is a failure.respectful respective respectable respectedTeams of rescue have been sent out to look for the missing members of the crew .His limp is the result of an accident.Result/consequence/end/effect/outcome/fruit/produce/conclusionrisk He saved my life at the risk of losing his own.He was ready to run(take) the risk of being taken prisoner by the enemy.The future of the whole company is at risk.Risk/chance/gamble/endanger/exposeThey rose up against foreign invaders.Rebel revolt riotI’ve been on the run all day, and I am exhausted.I ran across/into my old friend in Paris last week.We are running out of time.He ruled over his kingdom successfully for twenty years.Rule/govern/control/dominate/head/lead/manage/direct/supervise/administer/orde r/instructGuide/influence/handle/regulatescale Synthetic rubbers are now being produced on a large scale.scratch He threw away everything he had written and started the novel again f rom scratch.I’ll have to see about getting the roof mended.We all went to the airport to see her off.Her colleagues see her as the future prime minister.Will you see to the arrangements for the next committee meeting?I must set about packing now.Her clear and elegant prose sets apart from most other journalists.Let’s set aside my personal feelings.She set out/forth at dawn.He is set on going to university.。

北京大学中文系中国现当代文学考博考试内容备考指南-育明考博一、北大中文系中国现当代文学专业考博考试内容分析（育明考博辅导中心)专业招生人数初审复审内容050106中国现当代文学2013年14人2014年9人2015年2人申请—考核制1、学术水平的考查：笔试（100分）现代文学专业及基础当代文学专业及基础面试（100分）2、思想政治素质和品德的考核：政治态度、思想表现、学习（工作）态度，道德品质、遵纪守法等方面。

育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、北京大学中文系中国现当代文学专业考博的报录比平均在7:1左右（竞争较激烈）。

2、本专业有2个研究方向：01.现代文学02.当代文学。

3、同等学力申请者加试政治课（哲学）。

4、2016年北京大学实行“申请—考核制”，没有提供雅思、托福等英语成绩等级证明的同学，需要参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”；俄语、日语、法语、德语要求：北京大学组织的博士生外语考试过及格线。

外语考试后中文系根据研究生院提供的建议分数线确定外语及格线。

掌握少数民族语言的少数民族申请者的外语成绩要求可适当降低。

5、复试总成绩计算方法：外语成绩20%+学科笔试成绩30%+面试成绩50%。

育明教育考博分校针对北京大学中国现当代文学专业考博开设的辅导课程有：考博英语课程班·专业课课程班·视频班·复试保过班·高端协议班。

每年专业课课程班的平均通过率都在80%以上。

根植育明学校从2006年开始积累的深厚高校资源，整合利用历届育明优秀学员的成功经验与高分资料，为每一位学员构建考博成功的基础保障。

（北京大学中文系考博资料获取、课程咨询育明教育张老师叩叩：七七二六、七八、五三七）二、北京大学中文系历年考博复试分数线（育明考博课程中心）年份复试分数线进入复试人数/录取人数（不含硕博连读）2013年外语44分专业一60分专业二60分51人/44人2014年外语50分专业一60分专业二60分55人/43人2015年外语45分专业课60分52人/36人育明考博辅导中心张老师解析：1、2016年北京大学实行“申请—考核制”，没有提供雅思、托福等英语成绩等级证明的同学，需要参加“北京大学博士研究生英语水平考试”；俄语、日语、法语、德语要求：北京大学组织的博士生外语考试过及格线。

北京大学博士英语试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分）阅读下列短文，然后回答1-5题。

The rise of digital technology has transformed the way welive and work. It has also changed the way we communicate. In the past, people mainly relied on face-to-face communicationor letters to convey messages. However, with the advent ofthe internet and smartphones, instant messaging and social media have become the primary means of communication for many.1. What is the main topic of the passage? (4分)A. The impact of digital technology on communication.B. The history of communication methods.C. The importance of face-to-face communication.D. The disadvantages of social media.2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a communication method mentioned? (4分)A. Face-to-face communication.B. Letters.C. Instant messaging.D. Radio broadcasts.3. What does the passage imply about the future of communication? (4分)A. It will become more personal.B. It will rely more on digital technology.C. It will return to traditional methods.D. It will become less frequent.4. What is the purpose of the passage? (4分)A. To inform readers about new communication technologies.B. To persuade readers to use traditional communication methods.C. To describe the history of communication methods.D. To analyze the effects of digital technology on communication.5. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage? (4分)A. The passage argues that digital technology has had a negative impact on communication.B. The passage suggests that digital technology has made communication more efficient.C. The passage states that people no longer use face-to-face communication.D. The passage claims that the internet and smartphones have replaced all other communication methods.二、词汇与语法（共30分）Choose the correct answer to complete the sentence. Write the letter of the correct answer in the blank.6. The company has decided to ________ its employees with the latest technology.A. equipB. qualifyC. supplyD. provide7. Despite the heavy rain, they ________ the mountain successfully.A. climbedB. ascendedC. roseD. lifted8. The new policy will ________ a significant impact on the economy.A. haveB. takeC. makeD. get9. She is ________ to be the best candidate for the job.A. likelyB. probableC. possibleD. potential10. The book is ________ interesting that I can hardly put it down.A. soB. veryC. tooD. quite三、翻译（共20分）Translate the following sentence into English.11. 随着人工智能的发展，许多传统行业正在经历转型。