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高一英语语法—直接引语和间接引语人教版【本讲教育信息】一. 教学内容：语法——直接引语和间接引语【具体教学过程】观察下列句子中直接引语和间接引语的转换，试着归纳总结其变化规律。
1. He said, “I’m going to Beijing.”→ He said that he was going to Beijing.2. He asked, “ Are you a teacher?”→ He asked me if / whether I was a teacher.3. She said, “ What are you doing?”→ She asked me what I was doing.4. “What a lovely girl (she is)!” they said.→ They said that she was a lovely girl.5. “ Follow me,” she said to me.→ She told me to follow her.6. “Can you lend me a hand?” he asked.→ He asked me to lend him a hand.7. He said, “Let’s stay here till tomorrow.”→ He suggested that we should stay there till the next day.* 直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语”。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语”。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
1. 陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词引导（that 在口语中常省略），从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
在这一方面，汉语和英语有很多相似之处，因此在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时，要特别注意句子的意义。
直接引语和间接引语引述某人的话一般采用两种形式：一种是直接引语（Direct Speech），即原封不动地引用原话，把它放在引号内；另一种是间接引语（Indirect Speech），即用自己的话加以转述，被转述的内容不放在引号内。
一、直接引语变间接引语A．陈述句的间接引语直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，在多数情况下都构成一个that引导的宾语从句，引述动词通常是say, tell等。
与此同时，间接引语中的人称、时态和其他方面也要相应有所变化。
The foreigner aid to me, I like Beijing very much.那老外告诉我：我很喜欢北京。
→The foreigner told me that he she liked Beijing very much.She said,We are very fond of sports. 她说：我们都喜欢体育运动。
→She said that they were very fond of sports. 她说他（她）们都喜欢体运动。
I'll go over the grammar lesson once again,he said. 他说：我将把语法课再复习一遍。
→He said he would go over the grammar lesson once again. （that可省略）B．疑问句的间接引语1．一般疑问句和反意疑问句一般疑问句改为间接引语时，要用陈述语序，并要加连词if 或whether，其主句动词常用ask, wonder, wantto know, didn't know等。
句末不用问号。
My teacher asked me, Do you like American country music→My teacher asked me ifwhether I liked American country music.You haven't been to Beijing, have you asked he. 他问：你没去过北，是吗？→He asked me ifwhether I had been to Beijing. 他问我是否去过北京。
高考英语一轮复习-直接引语变间接引语(超级经典归纳)直截了当引语和间接引语的定义。
直截了当引语：直截了当引用别人的话叫直截了当引语，间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
直截了当引语前后加引号；间接引语不必加引号。
He said, “I’m a student.”（直截了当引语）→He sai d that he was a student. （间接引语）主句从句主句从句当直截了当引语为专门疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时，第一要注意用专门疑问词，其后用陈述语序的句子，同时注意人称、时态、时刻状语，连接词，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
★（二）．时态变化宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即4种过去的时态：一样过去时；过去进行时；过去今后时；过去完成时）；客观真理，只用一样现在时。
1.主句一样现在时，从句可用任意时态。
2.主句过去时，从句用相应的过去时态。
即一样现在时改成一样过去时；现在进行时改成过去进行时；一样今后时改成过去今后时；一样过去时、现在完成时、过去完成时改成过去完成时。
3.主句过去时，从句是客观真理时，只用一样现在时。
Teacher told us:" The moon moves round the earth."Teacher told us the moon moves round the earth.★(四)．连接词1．从句为陈述句，常选择连接词that或将that省略，直截了当与主句相连。
2．从句为一样疑问句，常选择连接词if或whether。
3．从句为专门疑问句，常选择what,when,where,which,who,how 等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
注意：当who为主语时，句式为：who+谓语+其他注意：语序不变的有：What’the matter with you? What’s wrong with you?但What’s the trouble with you?的语序要变1）从句中有or / or not 。
直接引语变间接引语（宾语从句）一．直接引语和间接引语的定义||。
直接引语：直接引用他人的话叫直接引语||，间接引语：用自己的话转述他人的话叫间接引语||。
直接引语前后加引号；间接引语不用加引号||。
He said||，“ I ’ m a student（.直接”引语）→ He said that he was a student.（间接引语）主句从句主句从句二．当直接引语为特别疑问句变间接引语形成宾语从句时||，第一要注意用特别疑问词||，后来用陈说语序的句子||，同时注意人称、时态、时间状语||，连结词||，语序的变化.（一）人称的变化规则：一随主||，二随宾||，第三人称不更新||。
引号内的第一人称变间引后与主He says||，”I like math very much .一随主句主语的人称保持一致→ He says that he likes math very much .引号内的第二人称变间引后与二随宾主句宾语的人称保持一致引号内的第三人称在变间引后去三不用变人称不变He said to Lily|| ，“ you must get up early ”→He told Lily that she must get up early She said to me ||，“ They want to help hi m”→ She told me that they wanted help him★（二）．时态变化宾语从句时态变化规则：主现从不限；主过从四过（即 4 种过去的时态：一般过去时；过去进行时；过去未来时；过去达成时）；客观真谛 ||，只用一般此刻时 ||。
1.主句一般此刻时 ||，从句可用随意时态 ||。
2.主句过去时 ||，从句用相应的过去时态||。
即一般此刻时改成一般过去时；此刻进行时改成过去进行时；一般将来时改成过去未来时；一般过去时、此刻达成时、过去达成时改成过去达成时||。
语法专项—直接引语与间接引语一、直接引语在引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语（direct speech）。
引起引语的词称为引用动词（reporting verbs）。
“I remember I had seen you.”I said.“I rang the bell,”James said,“and your maid let me in.”“I know that.”replied Mrs. Green.二、间接引语当人们用自己的话报导别人的话时，被报导的部分称为间接引语（indirect speech），也可称作引语结构（report structure）。
Mary said she had already seen the film.He replied that he was going by train.这时被引用部分常常是引用动词的宾语。
除了say, reply这类词外，还有很多动词可跟这种从句。
He felt he had to do something.She guessed that he had gone to town.He thought she was worried.He explained that the train wasn’t running.在使用间接引语时要注意下面几点：1．引语前一般要用连词that。
在个别动词后（如say, tell等）或在口语中可省略。
He told his mother that the boy was very naughty.He says he can’t wait another day.2．要根据意思改变人称。
“I’ve got your letter,” she said.→She said to him, “Your pronunciation is better than mine.”→3．引语中的谓语要和句子主要谓语在时态上一致。
直接引语与间接引语的转换在日常交流中，人们常常使用直接引语和间接引语来传递别人的言论或思想。
直接引语是指以原话形式进行传递，使用引号将其包裹起来；而间接引语则是以自己的表达方式来转述别人的话语。
掌握好直接引语和间接引语的转换技巧是写作和口语表达的基本要求之一。
直接引语转换为间接引语时，需要注意以下几点：1. 时态的变化：直接引语通常使用现在时，当转换为间接引语时，根据上下文需要，可以根据一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时来进行转换。
例如：- 直接引语：She said, "I am going to the park."间接引语：She said that she was going to the park.- 直接引语：Tom said, "I will come tomorrow."间接引语：Tom said that he would come the next day.2. 人称的变化：在转换为间接引语时，第一人称称代词通常会变为第三人称称代词。
例如：- 直接引语：John said, "I am happy."间接引语：John said that he was happy.3. 时间和地点的变化：当直接引语中涉及到具体的时间和地点时，在转换为间接引语时需相应地变化。
例如：- 直接引语：Mary said, "I will meet you here at 5 pm."间接引语：Mary said that she would meet me there at 5 pm.4. 情态动词的变化：当直接引语中含有情态动词时，需要根据情况进行相应的转换。
例如：- 直接引语：He said, "I can swim."间接引语：He said that he could swim.- 直接引语：She said, "I must leave now."间接引语：She said that she had to leave then.除了上述常用的转换规则，还有一些特殊情况需要注意。
学会初高中英语中的直接与间接宾语的转换在学习英语的过程中，掌握直接与间接宾语的转换是非常重要的一部分。
直接宾语是动作的承受者，而间接宾语则是动作的接受者。
通过转换直接与间接宾语的位置，我们可以更好地理解句子的结构，提高语言表达的准确性和流利度。
一、直接宾语的转换直接宾语通常是动词的直接承受者，它回答了“谁”或“什么”这样的问题。
当我们需要转换直接宾语时，我们需要注意以下几点：1. 将直接宾语变为间接宾语例如，原句“Tom bought a book.”可以转换为“Tom bought me a book.”这里，“a book”是原句中的直接宾语，而“me”是转换后的间接宾语。
2. 在直接宾语前加上介词有些动词需要在直接宾语前加上介词，这样转换后的句子更加准确。
例如，“I ate an apple.”可以转换为“I ate an apple with a knife.”这里，“an apple”是原句中的直接宾语，而“with a knife”是转换后的介词短语。
3. 将直接宾语变为名词性从句有些情况下，直接宾语可以被转换为名词性从句。
例如，“She believes him.”可以转换为“She believes that he is telling the truth.”这里，“him”是原句中的直接宾语，而“that he is telling the truth”是转换后的名词性从句。
二、间接宾语的转换间接宾语通常是动作的接受者，它回答了“给谁”或“对谁”这样的问题。
当我们需要转换间接宾语时，我们需要注意以下几点：1. 将间接宾语变为直接宾语例如，原句“Tom gave a book to Mary.”可以转换为“Tom gave Mary a book.”这里，“Mary”是原句中的间接宾语，而“a book”是转换后的直接宾语。
2. 在间接宾语前加上介词有些动词需要在间接宾语前加上介词，这样转换后的句子更加准确。
英语句型转换的方法与例子摘要英语句型转换是指按照一定的要求，把一个句子改写成另一个意思相同或相近的句子，不改变原句的主要意思。
英语句型转换的目的是为了使句子更加简洁、准确、自然和地道，也可以增加句子的变化和丰富性，避免重复和单调。
英语句型转换的方法有很多，本文将介绍以下几种常见的方法：同义词或近义词替换主动语态和被动语态互换陈述句和疑问句互换直接引语和间接引语互换并列句和复合句互换定语从句和非限制性定语从句互换分词短语和独立主格结构互换一、同义词或近义词替换定义同义词或近义词替换是指用意思相同或相近的词或短语来替换原句中的某些词或短语，使句子更加简洁、准确或地道。
规则替换的词或短语必须在意思、用法、搭配和语气上与原词或短语相符。
替换后的句子不能改变原句的主要意思。
替换后的句子不能造成歧义或误解。
例子原句替换后的句子He is very angry with me.He is very mad at me.She passed away last night.She died last night.He made a mistake in the test.He went wrong in the test.I can't stand him.I hate him.He gave me a hand with my homework.He helped me with my homework.二、主动语态和被动语态互换定义主动语态和被动语态互换是指把一个主动语态的句子改写成一个被动语态的句子，或者把一个被动语态的句子改写成一个主动语态的句子，使句子更加客观、强调或适应上下文。
规则主动语态变被动语态时，要把原主语变成by短语放在被动语态谓语之后，把原宾语变成新主语放在被动语态谓语之前，把原谓语动词变成被动形式（即be+过去分词），并保持时态、人称和数一致。
被动语态变主动语态时，要把原by短语去掉，把原主语变成新宾语放在主动谓语之后，把原谓语动词变成主动形式，并保持时态、人称和数一致。
七年级英语句型转换练习题及答案1. 一般疑问句转换成陈述句：Did they go to the park? → They went to the park.Do you like basketball? → You like basketball.2. 直接引语转换成间接引语：She said, "I am going to the movies." → She said that she was going to the movies.He asked, "Do you have any siblings?" → He asked if I had any siblings.3. 否定句转换成肯定句：She doesn't play the piano. → She plays the piano.They don't like apples. → They like apples.4. 一般现在时转换成一般过去时：I study English every day. → I studied Englis h every day.She goes to school by bus. → She went to school by bus.5. 一般过去时转换成一般将来时：They visited their grandparents last week. → They will visit their grandparents next week.He went to the library yesterday. → He will go to the library tomorro w.6. 现在进行时转换成一般现在时：They are playing soccer. → They play soccer.She is studying in the library. → She studies in the library.7. 一般将来时转换成一般现在时：We will travel to Japan next month. → We travel to Japan every month.He will finish his homework later. → He finishes his homework later.8. 定义性从句转换成非定义性从句：The book that is on the table is mine. → The book on the table is mine.The girl who is wearing a red dress is my friend. → The girl wearing a red dress is my friend.9. 反意疑问句转换成陈述句：You don't like ice cream, do you? → You don't like ice cream.He isn't coming to the party, is he? → He isn't coming to the party.10. 选择疑问句转换成陈述句：Would you like tea or coffee? → You would like tea or coffee.Can we go to the park or the movies? → We can go to the park or the movies.以上是七年级英语句型转换练习题及答案，希望对你的学习有所帮助。
“直接引语”如何变成间接引语？为了配合我们的新概念课程，我们本文讲一讲直接引语和间接引语，以及它们之间如何变化的。
本文不算容易，尤其是对于刚接触的同学来说。
如果有疑问，可以留言，我会在留言里解答。
所谓直接引语，就是直接引述别人的话，不加任何改变，一般放在引号里。
如：He said, “I will learn English.”所谓间接引语，就是转述别人的话，此时需要改变一些内容，比如主语、时态、地点等。
如：He said that he would learn English.一、直接引语变间接引语时，句式变化方法如下：1. 陈述句直接引语：She said, “I will study English.”间接引语：She said that she would study English.既然转述别人的话，就不能再用人家的原话了，所以I就变成了she。
前面是said过去式，will也就变成过去时的would。
2. 一般疑问句直接引语：She asked me, “Can you speak English?”间接引语：She asked me whether I could speak English.如果别人的原话是一般疑问句，变成间接引语时记得要加上whether，然后倒装变为陈述语序。
3. 特殊疑问句直接引语：She asked me, “When can you do that?”间接引语：She asked me when I could do that.如果别人的原话是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时不用加词，但要把倒装语序变成陈述语序。
4. 祈使句直接引语：She said to the children, “Don’t play outside.”间接引语：She told the children not to play outside.如果别人的原话是祈使句，don't 要变成not to，后面正常。
直接引语和间接引语Direct speech and Indirect speech1.什么是直接引语？----直接引述别人的原话，一般加冒号，且没有时态呼应的问题；如：He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish the work.”2.什么是间接引语？-----用自己的话转述别人的话，不用引号，通常情况构成宾语从句，从句中的语序，时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语，和指示代词等都有变化。
如：He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish the work.3. 为什么要把直接引语变成间接引语？----当你需要转述别人的话的时候就需要用到；除了用say,还可以用tell, ask等。
4.所转述的内容可以是陈述句，疑问句，特殊疑问句，祈使句，感叹句，这几种情况下该怎么将直接引语变成间接引语呢？只要记住刚刚说的那6点：语序，时态，人称，时间状语，地点状语，和指示代词，记住相对应的变化规则，那么就不是一件难事。
下面我们来看例子：直接引语：He said, “My dad will be back tomorrow morning”间接引语：He said that his dad would be back the next/following morning..我们来分析一下这个例句，时态，人称，时间状语都发生了变化My dad---his dad, will be back---would be back, tomorrow morning---the next/following morning一、下面我们先看时态不变的5种情况：1）直接引语是客观真理，自然现象，名言，俗语，或者与一个具体的过去时间连用说明客观事实时，不管主句的谓语动词是什么时态，变为间接引语的时候时态均不变，如：Eg.1---“The earth moves around the sun,” the teacher told us.The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.Eg.2---He said, “I was born in Guangdong in 1990”.He said he was born in Guangdong in 1990.Eg.3---Goethe said, “The important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.”Goethe said the important thing in life is to have a great aim, and the determination to attain it.Eg.4:He said, “Practice makes perfect.”He said that practice makes perfect.2）主句的谓语动词是现在是或将来时，变成间接引语时时态不变Eg.1---He says, “I finished the work.”He says he finished the work.Eg.2---He will say, “I have watered the flower.”He will say he has watered the flower.Eg.3---He will say, “I will try my best to help you.”He will say he will try his best to help me.3）直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示反复出现或习惯性动作，变为间接引语时时态不变。
直接引语变间接引语常用的有三种情况1、陈述句变成间接引语，（1）“I am a teacher" she said.She said that she was a teacher.“You don't tell her my telephone number" he said.He said (that) I didn't tell her his telephone number.要注意时态的变化一般现在时变成一般过去时。
一般过去时变成过去完成时，现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时，this 变成that these变成those, here 变成there ,today变成that day, yesterday 变成the day before, tomorrow 变成next day,the day after tomorrow变成in two days' time.now 变成then 等等。
2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语在这样的句子中要加“if" “是否”的意思。
（1)"Are you a student?"She asked me if I was a student.她问我是否是一位学生。
将原来的疑问句放在if 后面,但语顺变成肯定式的语顺。
另外还可以用whether 来表示。
She askede me whether I was a student.(2) "Did you finish your work yesterday?"He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语"What time is it?"He asked me what time it was."When will you go to town?"He asked me when would I go to town.在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，后面也是陈述句的语序。
中考英语直接引语与间接引语转换单选题40题1.She said, “I am very happy today.”A.She said that she was very happy today.B.She said that she is very happy that day.C.She said that she was very happy that day.答案：C。
直接引语变间接引语时，人称和时态要做相应变化。
引述动词是过去时，直接引语中的一般现在时变为一般过去时，today 变为that day。
A 选项中today 未做变化；B 选项中is 未变为was。
2.He said, “I like playing basketball.”A.He said that he liked playing basketball.B.He said that he likes playing basketball.C.He said that he liked play basketball.答案：A。
引述动词是过去时，直接引语中的一般现在时变为一般过去时，like doing sth 结构不变。
B 选项中likes 未变为liked；C 选项中play 未变为playing。
3.Mom said, “I go shopping every Sunday.”A.Mom said that she went shopping every Sunday.B.Mom said that she goes shopping every Sunday.C.Mom said that she went shopping every Saturday.答案：A。
引述动词是过去时，直接引语中的一般现在时变为一般过去时，every Sunday 不变。
B 选项中goes 未变为went；C 选项中时间状语错误。
如何将直接英语改为间接英语一随主”是指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化如：She said. "My brother wants to go with me. "→She said her brother wanted to go with her.“二随宾”是指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称。
或被第二人你所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
如果引号外的主句没有宾语。
也可以用第一人称，如：He said to Kate. "How is your sister now?"→Heasked Kate how her sister was then。
“第三人称不更新”是指直接引语变间接引语时。
如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰从句中的人称一般不需要变化如：Mr Smith said。
"Jack is a good worker。
"→MrSmith said Jack was a good worker。
变时态：直接引语在改为间接引语时、时态需要做相应的调整。
现在时它需改为过去时态；过去时态改为完成时；过去完成时则保留原来的时态。
如：1)She said. "I have lost a pen."→She said she had lost a pen2)She said. "We hope so."→She said they hoped so.3) She said. "He will go to see his friend。
"→ She said he would go to see his friend。
但要注意在以下几种情况下。
在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
英语直接引语与间接引语专项练习30道1. He said, "I like apples." （改为间接引语）答案：He said that he liked apples. 解析：直接引语中的时态是一般现在时，改为间接引语时要变为一般过去时，like 变为liked 。
2. She said, "I am happy." （改为间接引语）答案：She said that she was happy. 解析：直接引语中的am 变为was 。
3. They said, "We play football every day." （改为间接引语）答案：They said that they played football every day. 解析：play 变为played 。
4. The boy said, "I have a pen." （改为间接引语）答案：The boy said that he had a pen. 解析：have 变为had 。
5. The girl said, "I do my homework in the evening." （改为间接引语）答案：The girl said that she did her homework in the evening. 解析：do 变为did 。
6. He said, "Did you see the movie last night?"答案：He asked if you had seen the movie the night before. 解析：直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要在主句动词后加if 或whether，时态由一般过去时变为过去完成时，时间状语last night 变为the night before 。
2023年中考英语语法笔记直接引语和间接引语直接引语和间接引语一．概念理解：直接引用别人所说的话叫直接引语；用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。
二．直接引语变为间接引语的特点：①不用逗号/冒号/感叹号/引号②要考虑人称和时态变化③要考虑时间、地点状语和指示代词变化.三．变化特点a. 若主句谓语动词是现在时，直接引语变成间接引语不用调整时态。
若主句谓语动词是过去时，直接引语变成间接引语要调整时态。
列表如下：注意：当直接引语表示客观真理时，变为间接引语时态不变。
b. 指示代词、时间状语和动词也要作调整。
注意：即时转述，从句中的时间、地点不用变化；过后转述，而且时间、地点都发生了变化，间接引语中的时间和地点都要随之变化。
c. 直接引语变为间接引语的注意事项（基本规则同于宾语从句部分）：1．陈述句变为间接引语时，宾语从句的引导词用that（可省略）引导。
注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变。
（引述动词常为say, tell等不含疑问意义的动词）例：1. “The sun rises in the east.” She told us.She told us that the sun rises in the east.2. She said, “I will leave a message on this desk.”She said that she would leave a message on that desk.感叹句变为间接引语时，宾语从句的引导词仍然用what或how引导。
注意人称和时态的变化，语序不变；也可使用that引导的宾语从句（引述动词常为say, tell, cry, shout 等不含疑问意义的动词）例：We said, “What a clever monkey it is!”We said what a clever monkey it was. / We said that it was a clever monkey.2．一般疑问句变为间接引语时，先用引导词if或whether连接，后面接陈述语序，要注意人称和时态变化。
直接英语和间接英语句型转换•一、句型的变化•（一）如果直接引语是陈述句，间接引语一般是用that来引导。
口语中that常可以省略。
• “I like to listen to rock music,” said Peter.• Peter said that he liked to listen to rock music.•【温馨提示】如果直接引语中出现两个或两个以上的陈述句并列时，第一个that可以省略，后面一个不能省略，以免引起歧义。
如：•The teacher said, “The text is very important. You should learn it by heart.”• The teacher said (that) the text is important and that we should learn it by heart.(二) 如果直接引语是一般疑问句或选择疑问句时，间接引语常变为由whether/if引导，而且要用陈述句语序。
如：1) The boy asked his mother, “Can I go to play football with my friends on Saturday?”The boy asked his mother whether/if he could go to play football with his friends on Saturday.2) “Will you go to the museum this weekend or next weekend?” Li Hua asked me.Li Hua asked me whether/if I would go to the museum this weekend or the next weekend. (三) 如果直接引语是特殊问句，间接引语用特殊疑问词引导，而且用陈述句语序。
如：“How much time do you spend on the homework?” he asked me.He asked me how much time I spent on the homework.（四）如果间接引语是表示请求、提议、建议、劝告等意义的问句，要借助其他句型结构来表达。
如：1)“Would you buy me some stamps while you are in the office?” He said to me.He asked me to buy him some stamps while I am in the office.2)“Why don’t you come and play football with me?” He asked.He advised me to play football with him.【温馨提示】表示请求、劝告时，通常用“ask/advise/want等+ 宾语+ 动词不定式”结构。
(五) 如果直接引语是祈使句，间接引语要用不定式的复合结构改，即改为：tell (ask, order, warn, advise等) sb. (not) to do sth. 如：1)The policeman said to the children, “Don’t play football in the street.”The policeman told the children not to play football in the street.2)“Listen to me carefully, please.” the teacher said to us.The teacher told us to listen to him carefully.【温馨提示】如果祈使句中出现了please, 在间接引语中必须省略。
(六) 如果直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，用what, how或that来引述。
如：“What a beautiful house it is!” he said to me.He told me what a beautiful house it was.He told me that it was a beautiful house.二、时态的变化（一）如果主句的时态是一般现在时或将来时，则间接引语中的时态不变。
如；He says, “I’m too tired.”He says (that) he is too tired.（二）如果主句的时态是一般过去时，则间接引语中的时态相应地变为与过去相关的时态。
具体变化如下：一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时1)The old man said, “Great changes have taken place in China.” The old man said that great changes had taken place in China.2)“ Wang Lin is waiting for you outside of the school gate.” Li Fang said to me.Li Fang told me that Wang Lin was waiting for me outside of the school gate【温馨提示1】当转述的是客观事实、科学真理、格言或谚语；重复出现或现在习惯性的动作时，间接引语的时态不变化。
如：1)He said, “The earth travels around the sun.”He said that the earth travels around the sun.2)“Failure is the mother of success.” The teacher said to us.The teacher told us that failure is the mother of success.【温馨提示2】当直接引语中的谓语动词含有情态动词must , need, ought to, had better等，变间接引语时，间接引语中谓语动词的形式不变。
如：1)He sai d, “You had better ask for help when you are in trouble.”He said that I had better ask for help when I was in trouble.三、人称代词的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，间接引语中作主语的人称代词或其他物主代词要作相应的变化。
一般情况下要遵循以下几条原则：（一）直接引语的主语是第一人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的主语保持一致。
如：“Can I use your bike for a moment?” the boy said to me.The boy asked me whether he could use my bike for moment.(二) 直接引语的主语是第二人称，变为间接引语时，要和主句的宾语保持一致。
如：The teacher asked Joan, “Why are you late again?”The teacher asked Joan why she was late again.（三）直接引语的主语是第三人称，变为间接引语时，间接引语中的主语人称不变。
如：He asked me, “How long has Teddy stayed in China?”He asked me how long has Teddy stayed in China.四、主句谓语动词的变化(一) 直接引语是陈述句，谓语动词是say(said)的不变，是said to sb.常变为told sb.如：He said to his friend, “I am glad to see you.”He told his friend that he was glad to see him.(二) 直接引语是特殊疑问句、一般疑问句或选择疑问句，said 变为asked; said to sb. 变为asked sb.如：“How can you do that?” Mary said to Betty.Mary asked Betty how she could do that.(三) 直接引语是祈使句，变间接引语时，谓语动词可根据语气强弱选则beg, advise, ask, tell, order, warn等。
如果祈使句是否定句，还需在不定式符号to前加not.如：I said to her, “Please pass me a glass of water.”I asked her to pass me a glass of water. She said, “Don’t smoke in the public place.”She told me not to smoke in the public place.(四)直接引语是感叹句，变间接引语时，引述动词常用tell, exclaim或say等。
如：“How well he looks!” he said.He exclaimed how well he looked.He said that he looked well.五、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和方向性动词的变化（一）指示代词的变化this that these those但有时如果所说的东西就在眼前，也可不变。
如：He said, “I like this book.”He said that he liked this book. (书在眼前)二）时间状语的变化today that daythis morning/afternoon, etc. that morning/afternoon, etc.yesterday the day beforetomorrow the following/next daythe day after tomorrow two days laternext week/month, etc. the next week/month, etc.last week/month the week /month beforenow then如果引述的时间和说话时间相同（如就在同年、同月、同日），时间状语也可不变。
