2005年北京科技大学考博英语试卷
Ⅰ. Vocabulary
Part A.
Directions: Beneath each of the following sentences, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.
1. The scene is so beautiful that it my power of description.
A. transports
B. transfers
C. transcends
D. transforms
2. The schoolmaster the girl’s bravery in his opening speech.
A. applauded
B. enhanced
C. elevated
D. clapped
3. The meaning of “yellow” is a color, but it can also mean “cowardly.”
A. positive
B. negative
C. underlying
D. literal
4. Many people think that the standards of public have declined.
A. morality
B. rightness
C. awareness
D. mentality
5. People were surprised to find that he had the ability to everything he was involved in.
A. precede
B. dominate
C. pervade
D. denominate
6. The fact that they reacted so differently was a reflection of their different .
A. performances
B. personalities
C. qualities
D. debut
7. This medicine will the pain in the stomach.
A. ascertain
B. agitate
C. alleviate
D. allocate
8. The apartment was as $50,000 and its owner decided to sell it.
A. automated
B. assessed C asserted D. avenged
9. The minister all his officials pay the tax.
A. bids
B. blesses
C. barks
D. baffles
10. When a person dies, his debts must be paid before his can be distributed.
A. paradoxes
B. legacies
C. platitudes
D. analogies
Part B.
Directions: In each of the following sentences there is one word or phrase underlined. Below the sentence are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that is closest in meaning to the underlined part. Mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.
11. Tourists flock from the remotest places to see the capital’s sights.
A. invade
B. troop
C. prompt
D. gather
12. He has told so many lies that we can no longer place any reliance on what he says.
A. belief
B. trust
C. conviction
D. dependence.
13. Oil can change a society more drastically than anyone could ever have imagined.
A. grossly
B. severely
C. rapidly
D. radically
14. In times of economic difficulty, governmental budgets for education are often slashed before any others.
A. shifted
B. cut
C. checked
D. donated
15. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.
A. identical
B. double
C. illustrated
D. legible
16. With her youngest child having left home, she felt a pressing need to fill her time.
A. tense
B. thorough
C. urgent
D. small
17. The role of the performing artist is to interpret, not alter, the notes on a printed sheet of music.
A. omit
B. reproduce
C. compose
D. change.
18. Aircraft and rocket can be used to collect radioactive debris, while high-altitude satellites carry detectors for gamma rays and other emissions.
A. diffusion
B. remains
C. glitter transfer
19. Although worn out by years of service to his country, Washington accepted the presidency of the United States.
A. favored
B. honored
C. exhausted
D. weakened
20. Between French friends, who have chosen each other for congeniality of their point of view, lively disagreement and sharpness of arguments are the breath of life.
A. coexistence
B. coincidence
C. correlation
D. compatibility
Ⅱ. Cloze
Directions: Read the following passage. Choose the best word for each numbered blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracket on the ANSWER SHEET.
We do not know when man first began to use salt, but we do know that it has been used in many different ways throughout history. (21) evidence shows, for example, that people who lived over three thousand years ago ate (22) fish.
Stealing salt was considered a major crime at certain times in history. In the eighteenth century, for instance, if a person was (23) “stealing salt”, he could be put in prison. History reveals that about ten thousand people were put in prison during that century (24) stealing salt.
In the modern world salt has many uses (25) the dining table. It is used in making glass and airplane parts, in the (26) of crops and in killing weeds. It is also used to make water soft, to melt ice on roads and highways, to make soap, and to (27) colors in cloth.
Salt can be obtained in various ways, besides being taken from mines underground. Evaporation of salt water from the ocean or from salt water lakes or small seas is one of the (28) common processes for manufacturing salt. In Australia, it can even be taken from a “salt bush”. Yet, (29)it is obtained, salt will continue to play an important (30) in the lives of men and women everywhere.
21. A. Ancient B. Historic C. Historical D. Old
22. A. salt B. salted C. salting D. salty
23. A. arrested B. caught C. got D. seized
24. A. as B. by C. for D. through
25. A. besides B. beyond C. except D. over
26. A. bearing B. developing C. growing D. training
27. A. fasten B. fix C. preserve D. tie
28. A. little B. many C. much D. more
29. A. however B. whatever C. whenever D. wherever
30. A. duty B. function C. responsibility D. Role
Ⅲ. Reading Comprehension
Part A.
Directions: There are three reading passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice.
Passage One
(1) Poultry farmers need to adopt strict hygiene standards to curb Asia\'s deadly bird flu virus,
a top Vietnamese official said on the eve of an international conference Wednesday on fighting the disease.
(2) A dozen Vietnamese have died of bird flu since Dec. 30, raising concerns that the disease could be re-emerging after an outbreak last year spread to 10 Asian countries, forcing the slaughter of more than 100 million birds.
(3) “It\'s difficult to change their habit but we need to educate them," Bui Quang Anh, head of the Department for Animal Health, said Tuesday. "Once they understand and follow all the instructions, we can prevent the virus from spreading.”
(4) Big commercial farms learned from the first outbreak and applied preventive measures, such as strict hygiene standards and regular disinfection, Anh said. The most recent outbreak was only reported in small farms, which failed to apply preventive measures, he said.
(5) New regulations should include separating ducks from chickens, requiring ducks to be raised in cages and improving hygiene measures, Anh said. Ducks should not roam freely in rice fields as they do now in the southern Mekong Delta, he added.
(6) The conference will be looking at a variety of issues, including mass vaccinations, flu research, farm hygiene, animal husbandry practices and improving coordination between animal health and human health agencies.
(7) The virus, which in the last year has killed 46 people — including 32 from Vietnam and 12 from Thailand — has yet to mutate into a form that can be transmitted between humans. But scientists say it may mutate to a human form that could become as deadly as the ones that killed millions during three influenza pandemics of the 20th century.
31. The subject of the international conference mentioned in the first paragraph is about
A. battling the SARS
B. epidemic disease control
C. fighting the avian flu
D. public health
32. According to the passage, which of the following statement is true?
A. Bird flu was first found in Vietnam.
B. Big commercial farms have taken preventive measures to curb bird flu.
C. Bui Quang Anh believes that it is impossible to prevent the bird flu.
D. 1, 000 birds were killed during the last year outbreak of bird flu.
33. According to the passage, which of the following measures are NOT effective in fighting against the bird flu?
A. to adopt strict hygiene standards in poultry farms.
B. to carry out regular disinfection
C. to raise ducks and chickens separately
D. to stop poultry trade
34. We can infer from the last paragraph that
A. currently the bird flu virus cannot be transmitted between humans
B. the bird flu virus is easy to mutate.
C. the bird flu has killed millions of people
D. the bird flu is more deadly than common influenza.
35. The best title for the passage is .
A. Bird Flu: A Deadly Disease
B. What Can We Learn from the Bird Flu
C. Vietnam: the Biggest Victim of the Bird Flu
D. Official Urges Farmers to Curb Bird Flu
Passage Two
(1) The sources of anti-Christian feeling were many and complex. On the more intangible side, there was a general pique against the unwanted intrusion of the Western countries; there was an understandable tendency to seek an external scapegoat for internal disorders only tangentially attributable to the West and perhaps most important, there was a virile tradition of ethnocentricism, vented long before against Indian Buddhism, which since the seventeenth century, focused on
Western Christianity. Accordingly, even before the missionary movement really got under way in the mid-nineteenth century, it was already at a disadvantage. After 1860, as missionary activity in the hinterland expanded, it quickly became apparent that in addition to the intangibles, numerous tangible grounds for Chinese hostility abounded.
(2) In part, the very presence of the missionary evoked attack, they were, after all, the first foreigners to leave the treaty ports and venture into the interior, and for a long time they were virtually the only foreigners whose quotidian labors carried them to the farthest reaches the Chinese empire. For many of the indigenous population, therefore, the missionary stood as a uniquely visible symbol against which opposition to foreign intrusion could e vented. In part too, the missionary was attacked because the manner in which he made his presence felt after 1860 seemed almost calculated to offend. By indignantly waging battle against the notion that China was the sole fountainhead of civilization and, more particularly, by his assault on many facets of Chinese culture, the missionary directly undermined the cultural hegemony of the gentry class. Also, in countless ways, he posed a threat to the gentry’s traditional monopoly of social leadership. Missionaries, particularly Catholics, frequently, assumed the garb of the Confucian literati. They were the only persons at the local level, aside from the gentry who were permitted to communicate with the authorities as social equals, and they enjoyed an extraterritorial status in the interior that gave them greater immunity to Chinese law than had ever been possessed by the gentry。
(3) Although it was the avowed policy of the Chinese government after 1860 that the new treaties were to be strictly adhered to, in practice implementation depended on the wholehearted accord provincial authorities. There is abundant evidence that cooperation was dilatory. At the root of this lay the interactive nature of ruler and ruled.
(4) In a severely understaffed bureaucracy that ruled as much by suasion as by might, the official, almost always a stranger in the locality of his service, depended on the active cooperation of the local gentry class. Energetic attempts to implement treaty provisions concerning missionary activities, in direct defiance of gentry sentiment, ran the risk of alienating this class and destroying future effectiveness.
36. In a vague way, anti-Christian feeling stemmed from .
A. the mere presence of invaders
B. a generalized unfocused feeling
C. the introduction to the West
D. none of the above
37. The author would agree that .
A. many problems in China came from internal disorders due to Western influence.
B. many problems in China came from China itself and were unrelated to the West
C. scapegoats perform a necessary function and there should be more of them
D. all of the above are true.
38. With which of the following statements would the author agree?
A. Ethnocentricism is a manly tradition.
B. The disdain toward Christianity was prefigured by a disdain toward Buddhism.
C. Although Christianity was not well received in China, Buddhism was.
D. The author would agree with A and C.
39. Missionaries .
A. often dressed the same way as Chinese scholars did
B. were free of the legal constraints that bound the local indigenous population
C. had greater access to authority than Chinese peasants
D. may be described by all of the above
40. Provincial authorities .
A. cooperated fully with t he central government’s policy
B. were alive to local feelings
C. were obliged to determine whether local sentiment tolerated implementation
D. may be described by B and C.
Passage Three
(1) The natural environment has, of course, always conditioned technology. For example, the nature of an environment (polar, desert, jungle) engenders the development of technologies appropriate to that environment to enable man to adapt successfully to it. Further, emerging scarcity of some technological resource may ignite a research for, and gradual transition to, a new technology using resources present in the environment in greater abundance, as, for example, in the case of the gradual change from wood-based to coal-based technology in England that began in Elizabeth times and stretched until the end of the eighteenth century.
(2) In modern Western society, environment has begun to condition technology in new ways, although admittedly more indirectly. The safety and quality of the environment and public perceptions of it have begun to translate into presidential politics and congressional mandates to regulatory agencies to protect or enhance environmental quality or safety, occasionally even at the cost of some perturbation of the tech-economic status-quo. In France, Italy, and recently the United States, political parties have been formed, organized around a complex of technology/ environment issues. In general, in the last fifteen years, the gradual development of broad-based environmental awareness, the lobbying and litigious activities of environmental interest groups, and guidelines issued and reinforced by the EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) in response to congressional mandates have markedly increased the heed paid to the environment by many corporations in going about their technology activities. Both research an development priorities and capital investment programs of the corporations have been affected by this.
41. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. Environment enables man to adapt successfully to new technology.
B. Technologies enable man to adapt successfully to his environment.
C. The development of the technologies depends solely on the natural environment.
D. Lack of technologies to cope with the environment is caused by lack of natural resources.
42. We can infer from the article that in the 1800s England was probably rich in .
A. wood resources
B. technological resources
C. natural resources
D. coal resource
43. in modern Western society, the environmental problem has .
A. received great attention form the governments
B. caused some serious disorders in technology and economy
Affected modern technologies more directly than before.
D. become more important but received less and less attention
44. The under lined word “heed” in the last but one sentence of the passage means .
A. lawsuit
B. interest
C. attention
D. expense
45. What is the best topic for the passage?
A. What can nature contribute to technology?
B. Environment can sometimes block the progress of technology.
C. Technologies of all kinds should serve the natural environment.
D. Environment deserves the most attention in the development of technology.
Part B
Directions: After you have read the following passage, write out a summary in English whit about 70 to 90 words. Put your summary on the ANSWER SHEET.
What is Society?
Society is a group of human beings, held together by agreement for reasons that are mutually beneficial to the individual members. Societies operate as a whole, as a collective body, chiefly in ways that look out for the highest common good of all. Members have specific roles and responsibilities within the society. One of the best direct analogies is with the human body itself. The cells are all alive, independently, yet they group together and establish roles, responsibilities, and relationships that allow a greater whole to exist that is more than just the sum of the parts. The cells gain from the specific roles they play because they are allowed to be what they are more effectively. Further, they are given a limited awareness of the whole that their efforts aid in creating.
Similarly, when individual human beings group together to form societies, an organization is created in which the members are the cells. Subgroups of the members may form organs through which higher level functions can then manifest. If the relationships are loose, the body created has limited functionality over that of any individual member because there is little synergy. When the relationships are close and founded on a basis of love, the body thus created has significant functionality over that of the individuals. When the group is small, few organs can be created so there is limited complexity or functionality. When the group is large, many organs can be created, resulting in highly increased complexity and functionality.
Countries, regions, states cities, and neighborhoods could all be considered to be societies as could teams, groups, and any other organizations of people. For our purposes here, the most important society is The United States of America since it is the one established to set up the New Order for the Ages, Novus Ordo Seclorum.
Society is more than the government, however. It also includes all the economic and social infrastructure necessary to provide people with what they need.
考博英语历年真题 北大2013年考博士英语真题及答案 Part Two:Structure and Written Expression20 Directions:In each question decide which of four choices given will most suita bly complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked.Mark your choices on the ANSWERSHEET. 21.The nuclear family__________a self-contained,self-satisfying unit compose d of father,mother and children. A.refers to B.defines C.describes D.devotes to 22.Some polls show that roughly two-thirds of the general public believe that e lderly Americans are________by social isolation and loneliness. A.reproach ed B.favored C.plagued D.reprehended 23.In addition to bettering group and individual performance,cooperation_____ ___the quality of interpersonal relationship. A.ascends https://www.doczj.com/doc/ae2056524.html,pels C.enhances D.prefers 24.In the past50years,there________a great increase in the amount of resea rch_____on the human brain. A.was…did B.has been…to be done C.was…doing D.has been…done 25. “I must have eaten something wrong.I feel like_____.”“We told you not t o eat at a restaurant.You’ d better_______at hom e when you are not in the shape.” A.to throw up… to eat B.throwing up…eating C.to throw up…eat D.throwing up…eat 26.Parent shave to show due concerns to their children’ s creativity and emotional output;otherwise what they think beneficial to t he kids might probably_______their enthusiasm and aspirations. A.hold back B.hold to C.hold down D.hold over 27.According to psychoanalysis,a person’ s attention is attracted________by the intensity of different signals____ ____by their context,significance,and information content. A.not less than…as B.as…just as C.so much…as D.not so much… as28.They moved to Portland in1998and lived in a big house,_______to the south. A.the windows of which opened B.the windows of it opened C. its windows opened D.the windows of which opening 29.The lady who has_______for a night in the dead of the winter later turned o ut to be a distant relation of his. A.put him up B.put him out C.put him on D.put him in30.By standers, _______,_________as they walked past lines of ambulances. A.bloody and cov ered with dust,looking dazed B.bloodied and covered with dust,looked daze
Part Two:Structure and Written Expression(20%) Directions:For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked、Mark your choices on the Answer Sheet、 11. Whether the extension of consciousness is a “good thing”for human being is a question that a wide solution、 A.admits of B、requires of C、needs of D、seeks for 12.In a culture like ours, long all things as a means of control, it is sometimes a bit of a shock to be reminded that the medium is the message、 A.accustomed to split and divided B.accustomed to splitting and dividing C.accustomed to split and dividing D.accustomed to splitting and divided 13.Apple pie is neither good nor bad; it is the way it is used that determines its value、 A、at itself B、as itself C、on itself D、in itself 14. us earlier, your request to the full、 A、You have contacted…we could comply with B、Had you contacted…we could have complied with C、You had contacted…could we have complied with D、Have you contacted…we could comply with 15.The American Revolution had no medieval legal institutions to or to root out, apart from monarchy、 A、discard B、discreet C、discord D、disgorge 16、Living constantly in the atmosphere of slave, he became infected the unconscious their psychology、No one can shield himself such an influence、 A、on…by…at B、by…for…in C、from…in…on D、through…with…from 17、The effect of electric technology had at first been anxiety、Now it appears to create 、 A、bore B、bored C、boredom D、bordom 18、Jazz tends to be a casual dialogue form of dance quite in the receptive and mechanical forms of the waltz、 A、lacked B、lacking C、for lack of D、lack of 19、There are too many complains about society move too fast to keep up with the machine、 A、that have to B、have to C、having to D、has to 20、The poor girl spent over half a year in the hospital but she is now for it、 A、none the worse B、none the better C、never worse D、never better 21、As the silent film sound, so did the sound film color、 A、cried out for…cried out for B、cry out for…cry out for C、had cried out for…cried out for D、had cried out for…cry out for 22、While his efforts were tremendous the results appeared to be very 、 A、trigger B、meager C、vigor D、linger 23、Western man is himself being de-Westernized by his own speed-up, by industrial technology、 A、as much the Africans are detribalized B、the Africans are much being detribalized C、as much as the Africans are being detribalized D、as much as the Africans are detribalized 24、We admire his courage and self-confidence、 A、can but B、cannot only C、cannot but D、can only but 25、In the 1930’s, when millions of comic books were the young with fighting and killing, nobody seemed to notice that the violence of cars in the streets was more hysterical、
北科大考博辅导班：2019北京科技大学新材料技术研究院考博难度 解析及经验分享 2019年我校拟招收攻读博士学位研究生560人左右(含各类专项计划），其中定向就业考生占10%左右。最终招生人数以教育部下达的规模数为准。招生制度将本着公平、公正、公开的原则，通过导师推荐、学院审核和基本能力测试，择优选拔优秀博士生。 下面是启道考博辅导班整理的关于北京科技大学新材料技术研究院考博相关内容。 一、院系简介 材料科学与工程是北京科技大学的传统优势学科和品牌学科，是首批国家“985工程”优势学科创新平台建设项目重点建设的学科之一。新材料技术研究院是学校为了推进新材料研究和产业化而设立的交叉学科创新平台，现有院士5人（含双聘），国家“973”首席科学家2人，国家“重点研发计划重点专项”项目负责人4人，长江学者特聘教授3人，国家杰出青年3人，国家优青1人，”万人计划“青年拔尖人才1人。现教职工124人，其中专职研究人员81人（含教授36人，副教授30人），实验技术人员32人，行政管理人员11人；在校研究生810，其中博士生292人；在站博士后12人。 新材料技术研究院与新金属材料国家重点实验室、高效轧制国家工程研究中心、国家材料服役安全科学中心、材料科学与工程学院共同支撑着北京科技大学材料科学与工程学科的发展。2009年以来，研究院承担各类科研项目1217项，其中包括国家重点研计划重点专项项目4项，国际合作2项，课题27项（含子课题）；国家973项目7项、863课题19项、国家自然基金95项，实到经费6.36亿元，获授权发明专利449项；出版箸作35部，获国家级科技成果奖4项，其中国家技术发明二等奖1项，国家科技进步二等奖3项，获省部级科技成果奖30项。李晓刚教授团队在《Nature》发表学术论文，实现了我们学校在该国际顶级学术刊物发表论文“零的突破”；“材料基因组工程北京巿重点实验室”批准建设，为新学科方向的发展搭建了高水平平台。 新材料技术研究院下设先进制备加工技术研究所，粉末冶金研究所，功能材料研究所，腐蚀与防护中心，实验测试中心等5个研究所（中心）。依托各研究所（中心），建有1个国际研究机构，2个国家科技基础条件平台，1个国家实验教学示范中心，14个省部级重点实验室和工程研究中心，20个与地方政府、行业和企业共建的科研基地。 作为以目标导向性研究为主要任务的研究院，它将瞄准新材料技术发展前沿，面向国民
2015年考博 单选： 有少部分原题（出自曾建彬《研究生英语》《研究生高级英语》） 阅读理解： 第一篇：Education is one of the key words of our time. A man without an education, most of us believe, is an unfortunate victim of adverse circumstances, deprived of one of the greatest twentieth-century opportunities. Convinced of the importance of education, modern states "invest" in institutions of learning to get back "interest" in the form. of a large group of enlightened young men and women who are potential leaders. Education, with its cycles of instruction so carefully worked out, punctuated by textbooks—that purchasable wells of wisdom—what would civilization be like without its benefits? So much is certain: that we would have doctors and preachers, lawyers and defendants, marriages and births—but our spiritual outlook would be different. We would lay less stress on "facts and figures" and more on a good memory, on applied psychology, and the capacity of a man is to get along with his fellow-citizens. If our educational system were fashioned after its bookless past we would have the most democratic form. of "college" imaginable. Among tribal people all knowledge inherited by tradition is shared by all; it is taught to every member of the tribe so that in this respect every- body is equipped for life. It is the ideal condition of the "equal start" which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain. In primitive cultures the obligation to seek and to receive the traditional instruction is binding to all. There are no "illiterates"—if the term can be applied to peoples without a script—while our own compulsory school attendance became law in Germany in 1642, in France in 1806, and in England in 1876, and is still non-existent in a number of "civilized" nations. This shows how long it was before we deemed it necessary to make sure that all our children could share in the knowledge accumulated by the "happy few" during the past centuries. Education in the wilderness is not a matter of monetary means. All are entitled to an equal start. There is none of the hurry, which, in our society, often hampers the full development of a growing personality. There, a child grows up under the ever-present attention of his parents' and therefore the jungles and the savannahs know of no "juvenile delinquency". No necessity of making a living away from home results in neglect of children, and no father is confronted with his inability to "buy" an education for his child. (选自新概念) 第二篇：关于在Internet site上挂条幅广告销售商品的。第一题问：文章开头是什么意思，我选择了，和传统广告一样，互联网广告也是为了促使消费者冲动消费。有一题问：下列哪些选项作者没提及：我选了传统广告在较长的竞争中必然会战胜网络广告方式。有一题关于互联网广告的：我选择了需要做些change来保持他的竞争性什么的。最后一题问作者对互联网广告的态度：uncertain,objective,X,X.另两个记不清了，我选的客观的。 第三篇：关于脸书，推特等这些网络平台火的原因，强调以前的网络平台web1.只是让你看别人提供的content，而web 2.如这些社交平台是让你能跟别人交流自己creat content,而不是enjoy 别人提供的content.一题问：Myspace社交平台火的原因：我选了有content的那个选项。有题问下面哪个选项作者没提及：我选了大家怀念web1.那个选项。 第3篇This reading comprehension focuses on social networks. It's followed by key vocabulary
北京大学2007年博士研究生入学考试英语试题 Part One: Listening Comprehension略 Part Two: Structure and Written Expression (20%) Directions: For each question decide which of the four choices given will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Mark your choices on the ANSWER SHEET. 21._________ before we leave the day after tomorrow, we should have a wonderful time together. [A] Had they arrived [B] Would they arrive [C] Were they arriving [D] Were they to arrive 22._________ last year and is now earning his living as an advertising agent. [A] He would leave school [B] He left school [C] He had left school [D] He has left school 23.Some people viewed the findings with caution, noting that a cause-and-effect relationship between passive smoking and cancer remained _________. [A] to be shown [B] to have been shown [C] to have shown [D] being shown 24.__________ that should be given priority to. [A] It is the committee has decided [B] It is only the committee has decided [C] It is what the committee has decided [D] It is what has the committee decided 25. The most interesting new cars may owe __________ the simple wisdom of hiring a few talented people and allowing them to work. [A] less local free-spiritedness than [B] less local free-spiritedness than to [C] to less local free-spiritedness than to [D] less to local free-spiritedness than to 26. Over the years, Jimmy Connors __________ phenomenal displays of tennis and temper—and at the U.S. Open last week, he exhibited both again. [A] has treated spectators with [B] has treated spectator for [C] has treated spectators [D] has treated spectators to 27. Summer holidays spent on the hot ghetto streets are __________ the time middle-class students devote to camps, exotic vacations and highly organized sports. [A] as hardly culturally enriching as [B] as hardly enriching culture as
Ph. D Entrance Examination in English [Date: (month/ Date/ Year)] (Note: 注意：务必将考试答案写在答题册中，写在试卷上一律无效) Part I Vocabulary ( 10 points, 0.5 point each) Section A Directions: There are 10 questions in this section. Each question is a sentence with one word or phrase underlined, Below the sentence are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that is closest in meaning to the underlined one. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Section B Directions: There are 10 sentences in this section. There are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D under each of the following sentences. Choose the one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Part II. Cloze Test (10 points ) Directions: For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on your Answer Sheet. Part III. Reading Comprehension (40 points ) Section A (30 points, 1.5 point each) Directions: In this part of the test, there are four short passages for you to read. Read each passage carefully, and then do the questions that follow. Choose the best answer A, B, C, or D and mark the corresponding letter on your Answer Sheet. Passage 1 Passage 2 Passage 3 Passage 4 Section B (10 points, 2 points each)
河北大学2005年博士入学考试题 二、Structure and Vocabulary （20points） Direction：In each question decide which of the four choices given below will most suitably complete the sentence if inserted at the place marked. Put the letter of your choice in the ANSWER SHEET. 1.When workers are organized in trade unions，employers find it hard lay them______ A. Off B. aside C. out D. down 2. A man who could ____such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage and moral strength A.bear upon B. insist on C. stand up to D. persist in 3. If this method doesn’t ___, we shall have to think of another way. A. come off B. come about C. come out D. come on 4.The____ of a chemical compound when brought into contact with another gives us clues to its composition. A .deed B. behavior C. characteristics D. correspondence 5. The chairman of the committee was delighted by the almost full __of its members at the conference. A. dependence B. absence C. attendance D. enrollment 6. The police are supposed to protect the people and their properties, ___evil conducts, guide traffic and so on. A. suppress B. depress C. frustrate D. condemn 7. John was proved innocent, for it was just a (n) _____to have found him on the murder spot. A. coincidence B. accident C. occasion D. incident 8. Nobody yet knows how long and how seriously the shakiness in the financial system will _____will down the economy. A. knock B. drag C. settle D. put 9.It would have taken hours to work the sum out, so I____ my pocket calculator A.turned over B. turned to C. turned in D. turned out 10.The founding of the United Nations ____people’s longing for peace.
2015北京科技大学考博英语历年真题 一、招考介绍 从整体上看，由于博士生招生形势的不断发展各院校博士生入学考试的难度越来越大，对考生的外语水平要求也越来越高，特别是听、说能力。攻读博士学位的学生，一方面应该具备坚实的专业理论基础和扎实的科研能力，另一方面还应该具备较高水平的外语能力。 二、北京科技大学考博英语题型 Part1:词汇20题10分； Part2:完型20题10分； Part3:阅读理解5篇25题40分(四篇常规阅读20题30分,一篇用英语解释原文句子5题10分)； Part4:翻译20分（英译汉10分,汉译英10分）； Part5:作文20分； 三、考博英语必备参考书 育明考博教研部主编,河北大学出版社出版的《考博英语真题解析》和《考博词汇》是考博人必备的两本书。在当当网，亚马逊和全国各大书店均有销售，也可以联系我们直接购买。 四、联系导师 在初步定好考博学校之后，就要和所报考院校中意的老师取得联系，询问是否有招生名额，能否报考，这是我们考博成功的关键第一步。 大多数考生会在九月中下旬与导师取得联系。因为太早，学校里面直博名额什么的还没有确定，报考的导师也不清楚是否有名额；太晚的话，怕别的学生比你早联系就不好了。一般情况下，导师对一个学生很中意的话，后来联系的学生，导师一般也不会答应其报考了。在此说点题外话，联系导师的过程中，如果读研期间的导师有关系，可以尽量利用。如果没有，也没关系，凭着自己的本事也是可以和考博导师很好的沟通的，这就要看自己了。 通常跟导师初次联系，都是发邮件。导师回复邮件的情况一般有几种： （1）、欢迎报考。这种答复最笼统，说明不了问题。我们可以接着努力和老师多沟通，看看具体的进展，避免出现初试之后却没有名额的情况。
2017年上海交通大学博士入学测试英语试题回忆 阅读理解Passage One Rent control is the system whereby the local government tells building owners how much they can charge their tenants in rent. In the United States, rent controls date back to at least World War II. In 1943 the federal government imposed rent controls to help solve the problem of housing shortages during wartime. The federal program ended after the war, but in some locations, including New York City, controls continued. Under New York's controls, a landlord generally cannot raise rents on apartments as long as the tenants continue to renew their leases. In places such as Santa Monica, California, rent controls are more recent. They were spurred by the inflation of the 1970's, which, combined with California's rapid population growth, pushed housing prices, as well as rents, to record levels. In 1979 Santa Monica's municipal government ordered landlords to roll back their rents to the levels charged in 1978. Future rents could only go up by two-thirds as much as any increase in the overall price level. In any housing market, rental prices perform three functions: (1) promoting the efficient maintenance of existing housing and stimulating the construction of new housing, (2) allocating existing scarce housing among competing claimants, and (3) rationing use of existing housing by potential renters. One result of rent control is a decrease in the construction of new rental units. Rent controls have artificially depressed the most important long-term determinant of profitability —rents. Consider some examples. In a recent year in Dallas, Texas, with a 16 percent rental vacancy rate but no rent control laws, 11,000 new housing units were built. In the same year, in San Francisco, California, only 2,000 units were built. The major difference? San Francisco has only a 1.6 percent vacancy rate but stringent rent control laws. In New York City, except for government-subsidized construction, the only rental units being built are luxury units, which are exempt from controls. In Santa Monica, California, new apartments are not being constructed. New office rental space and commercial developments are, however. They are exempt from rent controls. 1. What does the passage mainly discuss? (A) The construction of apartments in the United States. (B) Causes and effects of rent control (C) The fluctuations of rental prices (D) The shortage of affordable housing in the United States. 2. Which of the following was NOT a reason for the introduction of rent controls in Santa Monica, California? (A) rapid population growth (B) inflation (C) economic conditions during wartime (D) record-high housing prices 3. It can be inferred that the purpose of rent control is to (A) protect tenants
北京语言大学考博英语真题及其解析Directions:You are going to read a list of headings and a text about preparing in the academic community.Choose the most suitable heading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45).The first and last paragraphs of the text are not numbered.There is one extra heading which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points) Long before Man lived on the Earth,there were fishes,reptiles, birds,insects,and some mammals.Although some of these animals were ancestors of kinds living today,others are now extinct,that is,they have no descendants alive now. 41Very occasionally the rocks show impression of skin,so that, apart from color,we can build up a reasonably accurate picture of an animal that died millions of years ago.That kind of rock in which the remains are found tells us much about the nature of the original land,often of the plants that grew on it,and even of its climate. 42Nearly all of the fossils that we know were preserved in rocks formed by water action,and most of these are of animals that lived in or near water.Thus it follows that there must be many kinds of mammals,birds,and insects of which we know noting.Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi. 43There were also crablike creatures,whose bodies were covered