Model Test 1

Model Test S i xPart I Writing (30minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to offer your suggestions to your cousin who sought your advice on how to make his resume distinctive . You should write at least120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1.A) Two. B) Three. C) Four. D) Five.2.A) He called the police after the accident.B)He broke his arm in the accident.C)He was caught taking drugs.D)He was arrested by the police.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3.A) A cure to brain cancer.B)A new surgical instrument.C)A pen that can identify cancerous tissue.D)A new drug that can eliminate cancerous tissue.4.A) Finding the border between the cancerous and normal tissue.B)Identifying the accuracy rate of the new device.C)Improving their speed of removing a tumour.D)Using the new device in brain surgery.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5.A) To collect scientific data on it . C) To take photos of the storm on it.B)To monitor the storm on it. D) To investigate its environment.6.A) It has lasted for nearly 350 years. B) It has lasted for more that 350 months.C) It seems to be getting smaller. D) It seems to be getting larger.7.A) What initially caused the storm. C) What is the impact of the storm.B)What is underneath the storm. D) What makes the storm last for so long.Section BDirections：In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A) It’s for disabled adults. B) It’s in a sports centre.C)It’s rewarding and challenging. D) It’s compulsive in her community.9.A) The skills they need. B) The products they have.C) The market they target. D) The language they require.10.A) Diversify markets and sales strategies. B) Reduce costs and jobs.C) Learn from other companies. D) Listen to the opinions of experts.11.A) The salary and the workload.B)The office hour and the penalty system.C)The welfare and the holiday system.D)The ethical policy and the carbon footprint.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) Double-decker buses.B)The traffic in London.C)Bus routes.D)Travels in Britain.13.A) It has no windows.B)People get onto it at the front.C)It has two carriages.D)It is open at the back.14.A) Uncomfortable. B) Noisy. C) Dangerous. D) Shabby.15.A) Bendy buses can help reduce the traffic jam.B)Bendy buses are more environmentally friendly.C)Bendy buses are convenient for people in wheelchairs.D)Bendy buses are more popular among tourists.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A) They had four toes.B)They were not as big as dogs.C)They lived in South America.D)They lived in thick forests.17.A) They had long legs and a long tail.B)They were smaller and had front eyes.C)They began to eat grass as well as fruit.D)They were bigger and had long legs.18.A) They evolved into donkeys in Asia and Africa.B)They used their long legs to run south to South Africa.C)They began to eat apples on the North American plains.D)They preferred grass to fruit and vegetables.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) Being rejected by friends and teachers.B)Staying away from his native land.C)Adapting to new study expectations.D)Keeping a balance between study and job.20.A) Talking with older brothers or sisters. C) Starting a conversation with close friends.B) Having a casual talk with a college student. D) Playing with friends on the same sports team.21.A) Follow traditions of with a college student. C) Respect the customs of different colleges.B)Take part in as many activities as possible. D) Take others’ advice as reference only.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22.A) They tend to harm wildlife. C) They are thrown away everywhere.B)They are hardly recyclable. D) They are made from useless materials.23.A) It is fatal. B) It is weird.C)It is very serious. D) It is complicated.24.A) The sea creatures that have taken in then are consumed by humans.B)The ocean’s ecology has been polluted and affected humans.C)Humans eat the seabirds that have swallowed plastic particles.D)Humans consume the fish that have eaten sea creatures with them.25.A) Its use has been drastically reduced. C) Most products use natural materials.B) It is still an indispensable material. D) The use of plastic items will be charged.Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes )Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.A third of the planet’s land is severely degraded and fert ile soil is being lost at the rate of 24bn tonnes a year, according to a new United Nations-backed study that calls for a shift away from destructively intensive agriculture, The alarming 26 , which is forecast to continue as demand for food and productive land increases, will ass to the risks of conflicts unless 27 actions are implemented, warns the institution behind the report.“As the ready supply of healthy and productive land dries u p and the population grows, competition is28 for land within countries and globally,” said executive secretary of the UN Convention to Combat Desertification (UNCCD) at the launch of the Global Land Outlook. “ To 29 the losses, the outlook suggests it is in all our interests to step back and rethink how we are managing the pressures and the c ompetition.”The Global Land Outlook is 30 as the most comprehensive study of its type, mapping the interlinked impacts of urbanization, climate change, erosion and forest loss. But the biggest factor is the 31 of industrial farming . Heavy tilling, multiple harvests ans 32 use of agrochemicals have increased yields at the 33 of long-term sustainability. If the past 20 years, agricultural production has increased threefold and the amount of irrigated land has doubled, notes a paper in the outlook by the Joint Research Centre (JRC) of the European commission. Over time, however, this 34 fertility and can lead to abandonment of land and35 desertification.Section BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Take Naps at Work. Apologize to No One[A] In the past two weeks I’ve taken three n aps at work, a total of an hour or so of shut-eye while on the clock. And I have no shame or uncertainty about doing it. I couldn’t feel better about it, and my productivity reflects it , too.[B] Sleeping on the job is one of those workplace taboos-like leaving your desk for lunch or taking an afternoon walk-that we’re taught to look down on. If someone naps at 2 p. m. while the rest of us furiously write memos and respond to emails, surely it must mean they’re slacking off (偷懒). Or so the assumption goes.[C] Restfulness and recharging can take a back seat to the perception and appearance of productivity. It’s easier to stay on a virtual hamster (仓鼠) wheel of activity by immediately responding to every email than it is to measure aggregate productivity over a greater period of time. But a growing field of occupational and psychological research is building the case for restfulness in pursuit of greater productivity.[D] Companies are suffering from tremendous productivity problems because people are stressed out and not recovering from the workday, said Josh Bersin, Principal and Founder of Bersin by Deloitte. “They’re beginning to realize that this is their problem ,and they can’t just say to people, ‘Here’s a work -life balance course, go teach yourself how to manage your inbox,’ ”Mr. Bersin said. “It’s way more complicated than that.”[E] To be sure, the ability to nap at work is far from widespread, experts said. Few among us have the luxury of being able to step away for a half-hour snoozefest. But lunch hours and coffee breaks can be great times to duck out, and your increased productivity and alertness will be all the evidence you need to make your case to inquiring bosses.[F] In an ideal world, we’d all solve this problem by unplugging early and getting a good night’s sleep. Here’s our guide on how to do just that .But the next best thing is stealing away for a quick power nap when you’re dragging after lunch.[G] In a study published in Nature Neuroscience, researchers tested subjects on their perceptual performance four times throughout the day. Performance deteriorated with each test, but subjects who took a 30-minute nap between tests stopped the deterioration in performance, and those who took a 60-minute nap even reversed it.[H] “Naps had the same magnitude of benefits as full nights of sleep if they had a quality of nap.” said Sara Mednick, a co-author of the study and associate professor of psychology at the University of C alifornia, Riverside.[I] Dr. Mednick, a sleep researcher and the author of Take a Nap! Change Your Life , said daytime napping can have many of the benefits of overnight sleep, and different types of naps offer specific benefits.[J] For example, Dr. Mednick said a 20-to 60-minute nap might help with memorization and learning specific bits of information. It’s just long enough to enter stage-two sleep, or non-rapid eye movement (R.E.M.) sleep.[K] After 60 minutes, you start getting into R.E.M. sleep, most often associated with that deep, dreaming state we all enjoy at night R.E.M. sleep can improve creativity, perceptual processing and highly associative I) limited J) minimize K) occasionally L) optimizes M) rate N) remedial O) ultimately A) absorbB) abundantC) billedD) declineE) diminishesF) expansionG) expenseH) intensifyingthinking , which allows you to make connections between disparate ideas, Dr. Mednick said. Beyond that , your best bet is a 90-minute nap, which will give you a full sleep cycle.[L]Any nap, however, can help with alertness and perception and cut through the general fog that creeps in during the day, experts said.[M]So how did we even arrive at this point where aptitude is inextricably tied (紧密相连) to working long, concentrated hours? Blame technology, but think broader than smartphones and laptops; the real issue is that tech has enabled us to be available at all times.[N]“We went through a period where people were in denial and business leaders were ignoring it, ”Mr. Bersin said. “They were assuming that if we give people more tools, more emails, more Slack , more chatter, and we’ll just assume they can figure out how to deal with it all. And I think they’ve woken up to the fact that this is a big problem , and it is a ffecting productivity, engagement, health, safety, wellness and all sorts of things.”[O]It isn’t just office workers who can benefit from an afternoon siesta (午睡). A 2015 study published in Current Biology looked at the at the sleeping habits of three hunter-gatherer preindustrial societies in Tanzania, Namibia and Bolivia.[P]“They’re active in the morning, then they get in the shade under the trees and have a sort of quiet time, but they’re not generally napping,” said Jerome Siegel, professor of psychiatry and biobehavioral sciences, and director of the U.C.L.A. Center for Sleep Research, a co-author of the study. “ Then they do some work and go to sleep, and they sleep through the night.”[Q]Still, Mr. Siegel said, “the only genuine way to solve daytime sleepiness and fatigue starts the night before with a solid night’s sleep.” The real Holy Grail of restfulness is a regular sleep schedule with ideally seven or eight hours of sleep each night, which experts say is optimal.[R]“Daytime napping certainly does increase alertness,” Mr. Siegel said. “But it’s not as simple as going to the gas station and filling the tank.”[S]He also advises avoiding caffeine late in the day and waking around the same time every morning, even if you can’t get to sleep at the same time every night, This helps acclimate ( 使适应) your body to your regular wake-up time, regardless of how much sleep you got the night before.[T]So if you’ve made it this far and you’re interested in giving workday naps a try (or just starting to nod off ) , here’s a quick guide to the perfect nap;Find a quiet, unoccupied space where you won’t be disturbed.Try to make your area as dim as possible ( or invest in a sleep mask you can keep in the office ). Earplugs might help. too.Aim for around 20 minutes. Any longer than that and you’re likely to wake up with sleep inertia ( 睡眠惰性) ，which will leave you even groggier (头脑昏沉的) than before.36.Participants’ perceptual performance became better after sleeping one hour between tests in an article inNature Neuroscience.37.Jerome Siegel found that only by sleeping soundly through the previous night could people tackle theirweariness during the day.38.Our talent is closely bound to working with concentration for long periods of time because technologymakes us accessible 24/7.39.Taking a nap at work is normally regarded as laziness that should be held in contempt and avoided inworkplace.40.Between 20 to 60 minutes, people can get into non-REM sleep which may improve memory and learningability according to Dr. Mednick.41.People can doze off at lunch and coffee breaks and defended themselves by saying their improvedproductivity and alertness when bosses investigated their whereabouts.42.The author’s tips on taking a perfect nap involve sleeping place, environment and duration.43.The author believes business leaders are aware that availability at any time due to technology has negativeeffects on every aspect of people’s life.44.The optimal length of a nap was an hour and a half so that people could go through a complete sleep cycle.45.Josh Bersin mentioned the cause of companies’ big productivity problems and the solution which needsmore that just employees’ efforts.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Every office worker hates meetings. But it’s a strange sort of hate, similar to the hatred of Londoners for the Northern Line, or New Yorkers for tourists who walk too slowly: the dislike is real, yet if the despised thing were to vanish, it’d be like surrendering a piece of your soul.When researchers probed into why people put up with the strain that meetings place on their time and sanity, they found something-those who resent and dread meetings the moat also defend them as a “necessary evil”, sometimes with great passion. True, research suggests t hat meetings take up vastly more of the average manager’s time than they used to. True, done badly, they’re associated with lower levels of innovation and employee wellbeing (幸福) .But that’s just office life , right? It’s not supposed to be fun. That’s why they call it work.Underlying(引起) this attitude is an assumption that’s drummed into us not just as workers but as children, parents and romantic partners; that more communication is always a good thing. So suggestions abound for (大量存在) communicating better in meetings-for example, hold them standing up, so speakers will come to the point more quickly. But even when some companies consider abolishing meetings entirely, the principle that more communication is better isn’t questioned. If anything, it’s reinforced when such firms introduce “flat” management structures, with bosses always available to everyone, plus plenty of electronic distraction. In fact, constant connectivity is disastrous for both job satisfaction and the bottom line.And anyway, once y ou give it three seconds’ thought , isn’t it cleat that more communication frequently isn’t a good thing? Often, the difference between a successful marriage and a second-rate one consists of leaving about three or four things a day unsaid. At work, it’s surely many more than four, though for a different reason; office communication comes at the cost of precisely the kind of focus that’s essential to good work. Yet we’re so accustomed to seeing talking as a source of solutions-for resolving conflicts or finding new ideas-that it’s hard to see when it is the problem.46.What does the author say about meetings?A)Londoners hate them as well as the Northern Line.B)They can help to keep workers’ physical and spiritual health.C)W orkers might be reluctant to give up them completely.D)New Yorkers dislike meetings more than Londoners.47.What did researchers find about people’s attitude towards meeting?A. Their attitude and behavior are paradoxical.B)People who hate meetings the most are senior insane.C)Those who like meetings might be considered insane.D)More meetings are regarded as a sign of less innovation.48.Why do people think that more communication is always a good thing?A)Because the concept is firmly believed by workers.B)Because everyone loves to communicate with others.C)Because the idea has been instilled into people’s mind.D)Because communication is vital for building relationships.49.What does the author think of the “flat” management structure?A)It forces bosses to frequently contact their employees.B)It helps to soften employees’ bottom line of work.C)It is definitely a disaster to employees’ job satisfaction.D)It strengthens people’s deeply-rooted notion of communication.50.What is the author’s argument about office communication?A)It is an effective way to solve office conflicts.B)It affects work efficiency in a negative way.C)It should come to a halt at intervals.D)It is useful for workers to find new ideas.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The Internet has enabled the spread of information at lightning speed. This information revolution has created tremendous business opportunities for online publishers, but not all of them maintain proper quality-control mechanisms to ensure that only good information is being shared. Instead, many publishers aim simply to make money by whatever means possible, with no regard for the implications for society at large.When selfish publishers set up shops online, the primary goal is to publish as much as possible, often at the cost of quality. In this respect, many publishers start numerous online journals focused on overlapping( 重叠的)disciplines—to increase their total number of published papers—and hire young business managers who do not have any experience in either science or publishing. In some cases, online publishers even give up peer review, while still presenting themselves as scientific journals—deception designed to take advantage of scientists who simply want to share their research.If publishers structure their business to make more revenue, it often does harm to their products. When publishers start journals with overlapping domains, in combination with the pressure to publish more studies, this could promote the publication of marginal or even questionable articles. Moreover, publishers with multiple overlapping journals and journals with very narrow specialties(专业)increase the demands on the time and efforts of willing reviewers. With the fact that reviewers are generally not compensated for their time and effort, journal editors are often unable to find enough reviewers to keep up with the increased publication rate.To improve the situation and increase the trust in scientific community, the pressure to publish must be reduced. Funding and promotion decisions should not be based on the number of publications, but on the quality of those publications and a researc her’s long-term productivity and instructions.And that’s just the start. We need additional mechanisms, such as Beall’s list of predatory(掠夺的)publishers, to alert scientists to fake journals and fake articles. In addition, the price for online publication must be controlled and a mechanism must be put in place to honor and reward hard-working reviewers.51.What does the author think of online publishers?A)A small proportion of them can guarantee their publishing quality.B)T hey have lots of opportunities to renovate their business models.C)Many of them tend to try every means to make a buck.D)Social impact is their first priority when publishing books.52.It can be inferred from the second paragraph that .A)peer review generally is a criterion to identify academic journalsB)researchers focus their research on the combination of disciplinesC)scientists care about their publications rather than researchD)young business managers are willing to face new challenges53.Why can’t publishers find enough reviewers to review papers?A)Reviewers are pressed for time when reviewing articles.B)Reviewers’ gains can’t make up for what they have done.C)Publishers may compel reviewers to accept marginal articles.D)Publishers urge reviewers to increase publication rate rapidly.54.What is the author’s suggestion for online publication?A)More weight should be put on the quantity of publications.B)It is worthwhile to reward diligent reviewers for their effort.C)Fake journals should be reported to a regulatory organization.D)The price of online publication should be lowered greatly.55.What is the main idea of this passage?A)Online publishers should take measures to fight against fake scientific journals.B)Online publishers are pursuing their work efficiency at the cost of quality.C)Online publishers business models are quite likely to harm their publications.D)Online publishers are sacrificing the quality of research articles to make money.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese intoEnglish. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.春节是中国的传统节日，相当于美国的圣诞节。

Key to Model test 11. We all took it for granted that he would take part in the party, but he didn’t turn up till the end.2.Unfortunately, no one in the class can work out the difficult problem. It is a pity that no one in the class can work out the difficult problem3.Even a student of average intelligence can become a top student by working hard.4.You should/are supposed to give up some of your hobbies so that you can spend more time on your study.5.Have you caught a cold or something? You should have gone to the doctor earlier.Key to Model test 21.He took over the business from his father when he was 25, and it turned out that he was more successful than his father.2.It is well known that our problems are caused at least in part by failure to communicatewith each other.3.John declared that he would not get married until he found a satisfactory job.4.The police set out to look into the traffic accident and tried to find out who should be responsible for it.5.It was proposed that the meeting be put off till next week.Key to Model test 31.Once you have made a promise, you should stick to it, however difficult it may be.2.In spite of all the difficulties, we are determined to carry out the project as planned.3.Scientists should come up with new methods of increasing the world’s food supply so as to meet the needs of the ever-increasing population.4.Due to the injure on the left leg, John could barely walk without help.5.Young people under 18 are prohibited fromdrinking alcohol in some western countries.Key to Model test 41.What do you think s scientist must do in order to catch up with the latest development in his field?2.The second half of the game was by far more exciting than the first half.3.Judging from the response of the audience, his speech was quite a success.puters produced/turned out in this company are superior in quality to those in other companies.5.But for their generous help, I could not have completed the task within such a short time.Key to Model test 51.Faced with such a rival/an opponent, he stands little chance of winning/chances that he will win are rather slim.2.The majority of teachers objected to the proposal of selecting course online.3.As long as you can concentrate on your work, you are sure to succeed.4.He had some difficulty in adjusting himself to the new situation.5.The child was the only one that survived the air crash.Key to Model test 61.Contrary to our expectation, he chose to work instead of applying to that famous university.2.My uncle is fond of music, classic music in particular.3.They set up a school in honor of those who died in the war.4.The town looks totally different from what it was ten years ago.5.On hearing the news that she fired, she burst into tears.Key to Model test 71. I admit I should feel ashamed of what hashappened.2.He traveled day and night so that he couldget home as soon as possible.3.He would rather be punished than tell lies tothe teacher.4.He tricked the girl into marrying him bypretending that he was the son of a millionaire.5.Due to the financial and mental pressure,Peter finally broke down in health.Key to Model test 81.The small village was isolated from the outside world by the heavy snow.2.As far as color is concerned, I prefer the blue coat.3.In a way, I agree with your estimate of the situation.4.The pointed roof is typical of the houses in South China.5.Librated from the housework, many housewives have found a satisfactory joboutside home.Key to Model test91. I don’t see what’s the point of your doing so.2. These two articles are similar to each other in both content and style.3.The government (was) determined to take effective steps to beautify the city.4.If only you had informed me of his coming earlier!5.Now that you have chosen to live in the city, you should live with/put put with/endure/stand the hot weather here.Key to Model test 101.Neither my husband nor I know how to handle such a complicated problem.2.He was proud of the contribution his son had made to the country.3.He brushed aside/paid little attention to all our objections and insisted that the policy beput into practice.4.The police were determined to arrest the criminal wherever he might hide.5.Being short of experience, he always fell behind the others at the beginning.Key to Model test 111.Whether or not we may not go to the picnic depends, to a large extent, on the weather.2.You’d better book the room in advance lest on rooms be available when you arrive.3.The production in our factory this year is five times more than that if last year.4.No sooner had he arrived at the station than the train began to move.5.Undoubtedly he has no intention of going abroad, because he has made up his mind to devote himself to the educational cause of his motherland.Key to Model Test 121.Given enough financial and manpowersupport, we would be able to complete the task successfully.2.It is believed by some people that the more money one has, the happier he will be. But this is not always the case.3.It was his firm faith in victory that brought him through the disaster.4.At first he tried to deny his involvement in this robbery, but he confessed to the police in the end.5.He acted on the door’s suggestion and stopped smoking.Key to Model test 131.Consumers are always misled by advertisements and buy something more than necessary.2.Allen is a boy of few words, but when it comes to sports, he becomes very talkative.3.The atmosphere is composed of certain gases mixed together in definite proportions.4.By mistake the storekeeper gave a 50-yuannote instead of a 10-yuan note.5.Einstein is the only person I know who could come to terms with the world around him.Key to Model test 141.He promised he would live up to what his parents expected of him.2.A committed teacher is supposed to devote himself to his work.3.He is selfish. His unwillingness to help his friends is a good case in point.4.His silence made him somewhat out of place at such a happy party.5.In many big cities, cars have taken the place of/replaced bikes and become the major means of transportation.Key to Model test 151.It took my father about one year to get used to living in a large city.2.To our surprise, he was accused of/was charged with murder by the police.3.The way he talks often reminds me of his grandfather.4.Students regard her not only as a good teacher but as a good friend as well.5.The United Nation urges the government in different countries to settle problems in a peaceful way.Key to Model test 161.Mr. Johnson said he would like to talk it over with his wife before he could give me a reply.2.This school attaches much importance to the role outdoor activities play in the education of children.3.See to it that all the lights are turned off before you leave the classroom.4.On seeing his funny face we couldn’t help laughing.5.Obviously, I had little in common with him on this topic.Key to Model test 171.The two companies have come to an agreement after a long-time negotiation.2.Mum took advantage of the good weather and gave the house a thorough clean.3.Whatever you do, you must keep in mind the interests of the state.4.What really counts is not how many books you have read but what you have read.5.Many children in the mountainous areas have been deprived of the right of being educated because of poverty.Key to Model test 181.Several hours had passed before he convinced/persuaded the judge of his innocence.2.With the whole family living on his small income, he could not afford to send his daughter to the university.3.Sally cannot wait to tell her parents the news that he had been admitted to Peking University.4.When he was young, he showed interest in science and longed to become a scientist in the future.5.I believe that a happy marriage mainly lies in the mutual respect and loyalty between husband and wife.Key to Model test 191.Yesterday I ran across an old friend with whom I have lost contact for years in the bookstore.2.Considering he has only been learning English for one year, he does speak it very well.3.The professor never refers to any material while giving a lecture.4.He attributed/owed his success to his parents’support and his own diligence/hardwork.5.Don’t expect too much of him; he is a child after all.Key to Model test 201.As long as you return the book to me in three days, I can lend it to you.2.Your neglecting your duty resulted in/led to/brought about a serious consequence.3.Their miserable life constitutes a sharp contrast to that of the rich.4.I was on the point of giving up when a good idea occurred to me.5.Her father will never approve of her marriage to you.。

KeysTranslationAdvertisers are fully aware of their role and do not hesitate to take advantage of the insecurities and anxieties of young people, in the guise of offering solutions. A cigarette provides a symbol of independence. A pair of designer jeans or sneakers conveys status.Advertising teaches us to be consumers, to value material things above all else. Advertising makes us feel that happiness can be bought, because products can fulfill us and meet our deepest human needs.For a woman, conventional beauty is her only attribute. She is supposed to have no wrinkles, no scars. She is generally thin, tall，and above all young. All beautiful women in television commercials conform to this norm. Desperate to conform to this impossible standard, many women go to great lengths to manipulate and change their faces and bodies. More than a million dollars is spent every hour on cosmetics in this country. A woman is constantly in need of alteration, improvement, and disguise. Advertising has made her feel dissatisfied with and ashamed of herself, whether she tries to achieve “the look” or not.While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents have to face.Of all the reasons that explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”.In order to seek better chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, leaving their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless days and nights, taking care of themselves, in hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. It is necessary that our society be prepared for the “Empty Nest Syndrome”.Model One ( by Yang Xiaohong)Cloze : 56—65 ADBDA CACBD 66—75 BACAD BDACB Translation：China has a long history of civilization. A large number of important discoveries and inventions in ancient times have made indelible contributions to the advancement of human civilization. It was corruption of the feudal system and aggression of the foreign powers that plunged china deep into backwardness and humiliation in modern times. Since thefounding of the People’s Republic of China, however, Chinese scientists and engineers have made full use of their skills and wisdom and creatively solved numerous difficult problems in science and technology, thus narrowing the gap between China and leading players in the world in some important areas and pushing forward China’s economic and social development. China has succeeded in meeting the basic needs of more than 1.3 billion people, and more importantly, is constantly improving the living conditions of its people and becoming a culturally advanced society.China is now at a critical juncture in its history. We face daunting tasks: restructuring of national economy, resources rationalization, environmental protection, balancing economic developments in different regions, promoting moral development among our people, and poverty eradication, all of which depend on the development of science and technology. So China has an urgent need to develop science and technology.Model Two (by Zhao Hongyan)Part 3 Cloze56 ADBAD 61 BCCDA 66 DBADC 71 ACBABModel Three ( by Wang Yuexi)Part 3 Cloze56-60: ABCDA 61-65: BCABB66-70: CDABC 71-75：ADBADPart 4 TranslationThe Chinese civilization has always given prominence to good neighborliness. The Chinese nation cherish es peace. In foreign relations, the Chinese have always believed that “the strong should not oppress the weak and the rich should not bully the poor” and advocated that “all nations live side by side in perfect harmony.” The Chinese held that “one should be as inclusive as the ocean, which is vast because it admits hundreds of rivers” and called for drawing upon the strength of others.Today, China seeks to accelerate its development by upholding world peace. The world peace is, in turn, enhanced by China’s development. China firmly pursues a strategy of opening-up for mutual benefit and win-win outcomes. It genuinely wishes to enter into extensive cooperation with other countries. It is inclusive and is eager to draw on the strength of other civilizations to pursue peace and development through cooperation and play its part in building a harmonious world of enduring peace and common prosperity. Model Four （Young Huiyu）TranslationThe traditional American family is a “nuclear family”. A nuclear family refers to a husband and wife and their children. The average American family today has two or three children (and maybe a few pets). In some cultures, people live close to their extended family. Several generations may even live together. In America, only in a few cases does more than one household live under one roof.American values receive a warm welcome in the home. Many homes are run like a democracy. Each family member can have a say. A sense of equality often exists in American homes. Instead of fearing Mom and Dad, children may think of them as good friends. Husbands and wives often share household chores. In many cases, a child can enjoy privacy in his or her own bedroom. From an early age, children gain responsibility in handling money. They may receive a weekly allowance or even take part-time jobs. Often parents give children freedom to make their own decisions. Preschoolers choose what clothes to wear or which toys to buy. Young adults generally make their own choices about what career to pursue and whom to marry. Cloze56-60 D A C B A 61-65 D C B B D66-70 A B C B B 71-75 C A D C AModel Five ( by Wang Shenying)CLOZE56-60 A detected B and B point with C aches61-65 A progress C mechanical D generally B might C developing66-70 B that A so D transmission C newly B through71-75 A for D contract C disease B linger C surfacesTranslationModel Six ( by Sun Xiaoxi)Cloze56-60 B A B C D 61-65 C B C A B66-70 D C B C C 71-75 A D B C BTranslationResearch by some scholars provides us with some important insights into the differences between men and women in terms of their conversational styles. In particular, they have been able to explain why gender often creates oral communication barriers. The essence of their research is that men use talk to emphasize status whereas women use it to create connection. Then state that communication is a continual balancing act, juggling the conflicting needs for intimacy and independence. Intimacy emphasizes closeness and commonalities. Independence emphasizes separateness and differences. So, for many men, conversations are primarily a means to preserve independence and maintain status in ahierarchical social status. For many women, conversations are negotiations for closeness in which people try to seek and give confirmation and support..Model Seven( by Xia Lianlian)Cloze:56-60 B A A D C 61-65 D B A A B66-70 A C D B C 71-75 A D D A CTranslationBoth societies, moreover, have developed to the highest levels the arts of business and commerce, of buying and selling, and of advertising and mass producing. Few sights are more reassuring to Americans that tens of thousands of bustling stores seen in Japan, especially the beautiful, well-stocked department stores. To American eyes, they seem just like Macy’s or Neiman Marcus at home. In addition, both Japan and America are consumer societies. The people of both countries love to shop and are enthusiastic consumers of convenience products and fast foods. Vending machines selling everything from fresh flowers to hot coffee are as popular in Japan as they are in America, and fast-food noodle shops are as common in Japan as McDonald’s restaurants are in America.。

Model Test11.Which of the following sentences is INCORRECT?A.He is a Chinese tall intelligent young officer.B.There are a few new major urban highways.C.She is wearing a pretty pink woolen sweater.D.He stands on a beautiful little white stone bridge.2.Which of the following sentences indicates"probability"?A.The stadium can be emptied in four minutes.B.I can speak a little French as well as Japanese.C.She can't have slept through all that noise.D.You can take the car,if you want.3.My brother met her at the Grand Theater yesterday afternoon,so she_____your lecture.A.mustn't have attendedB.needn't have attendedC.shouldn't have attendedD.couldn't have attended4.Which of the following italicized parts is used as an object complement?A.Have you got everything ready for the journey?B.Don't marry young.C.This fruit can be eaten raw.D.Alone and broke,Hamas struggles to rule.5.In the sentence"She walks out of the house,followed by a little boy",the past participle is used asA.an attribute.B.an adverbial.C.a complement.D.a predicative.6.Which of the following words can NOT be used to complete"The job's ______done"?A.almostB.nearlyC.actuallytely7.They all think that it's better to be busy than to be free,________?A.don't they?B.aren't theyC.doesn't itD.isn't it8.On Sundays there are a lot of children playing in the park,_______parents seated together joking.A.theirB.thatC.whoseD.which9.After the earthquake,a new nuclear station was put up_______there had once beena farm.A.whereB.whenC.thatD.which10.---How slim your sister's figure is!-----It's_______mine when I was at her age.A.not slimmer asB.no slimmer thanC.not slim more thanD.no more slimmer as11.His dominant______was to take all things into earnest consideration.A.traitB.trailC.traceD.track12.Both properties occupy a region long known as the"lung of Haikou"for its green _______and fresh air.A.visionB.sceneC.sightndscape13.If you fulfill this________task,you could well deserve a promotion.A.desolateB.desirableC.desperateD.delicate14.Although he tried to focus on homework,the boy was_______by his favorite cartoon.A.distractedB.displacedC.dispersedD.discarded15.His greatest________is his utterly natural and profoundly good musical instinct.A.capacitypetenceC.giftD.aptitude16.Your ability to argue is of no________if you get your facts wrong.A.groundB.availC.practiceD.consequence17.The man is very angry because his friend borrowed his car behind his back.The underlined part means__________.A.secretlyB.publiclyC.suddenlyD.disappointedly18.___________increases in the oil price have prompted anxiety among the car owners.A.AbruptB.AmpleC.AcuteD.Automatic19.Throughout our lives,mothers are there with an encouraging word,a sympathetic ear,and a(n)____________heart.A.obedientB.tameC.tenderD.temperate20.Embracing globalisation,Shanghai has become one of the most_________cities in the world.A.activeB.dynamicC.energeticD.vigorous。

Model Test (Basic)vocabularypart I （20分）1.The government is determined to protect its tobacco ________.A) monopoly B) monotony C) monologue D) monograph2. Apparently in interviews he refuses to talk about his ________life.A) privacy B) private C) universe D) unify3.He decided to postpone their holiday ______ next year.A) on B) for C) until D) in4. Within two weeks of arrival, all foreigners had to _______ with the local police.A) inquire B) consult C) register D) profession5. As he has _______ our patience, we’ll not wait for him any longer.A) torn B) wasted C) exhausted D) consumed6. These teachers try to be objective when they _______ the integrated ability oftheir students.A) justify B) evaluate C) indicate D) reckon7. Mrs. Morris's daughter is pretty and _______, and many girls envy her.A) slender B) light C) faint D) minor8. Tomorrow the mayor is to _____ a group of Canadian businessmen on a tour of the city.A) coordinate B) cooperate C) accompany D) associate9. Norman Davis will be remembered by many _____ with not only as a greatscholar but also as a most delightful and faithful friend.A) kindness B) friendliness C) warmth D) affection10.Technological ______ has been so rapid over the last few years.A）retrograde B)retrogress C) progress D) project11. Salaries for ______ positions seem to be higher than for permanent ones.A) legal B) optional C) voluntary D) temporary12.He never arrives on time and my ______ is that he feels the meetings are useless.A) preference B) conference C) inference D) reference13.It is obvious that this new rule is applicable to everyone without _______.A) exception B) exclusion C) modification D) substitution14.Critics believe that the control of television by mass advertising has ______ the quality of the programs.A) lessened B) declined C) affected D) effected15. The ______ at the military academy is so rigid that students can hardly bear it.A) convention B) confinement C) principle D) discipline16.There's not much ______ that this war will be oversoon.A) prospect B) process C) foreground D) profess17. It was the first time that such a ______had to be taken at a British nuclear power station.A) presentation B) precaution C) preparation D) prediction18.She felt _____ when her closest friend moved away.A)desolate B) solace C) insulate D)repugnant19.You should try to ______ your ambition and be more realistic.A) reserve B) restrain C) retain D) replace20.The ship's generator broke down, and the pumps had to be operated _____ instead of mec hanically.A) artificially B) automatically C) manually D) syntheticallyPart II （10分）1.She also photographs away from her studio at various architectural sites, bringing camera,li ghts, mirrors, and a crew of assistants to transform the site into her own abstract image. The word "transform" is closest in meaning to which of following?A) move B) extend C) change D) interpret2.The upper end of the sea anemone has a mouth surrounded by tentacles that the animals to capture its food.The word "capture" is closest in meaning to which of following?A) catch B) control C) cover D) clean3.When disturbed, a sea anemone retracts its tentacles and shortens its body so thatit resembles a lump on a rock.The word "retracts" is closest in meaning to which of following?A) pulls back B) relaxes C) reproduces D) lifts up4.Nevertheless, many local residents want to retain the existing the character of the area. The word "retain" is closest in meaning to which of following?A) preserve B) possess C) enjoy D) improve5.A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within afew generations. The word "shattered" is closest in meaning to which of following?A) arranged B) dissolved C) broken apart D) gathered togetherGrammar（30分）1.According to the law, _____ have an equal right to an education.A. every of childrenB. every childC. all of childrenD. all children2. The workers in that factory are paid _____.A. by the hourB. by an hourC. by hourD. by hours3. They talked about the problem among _____.A. themB. each otherC. themselvesD. one another4. A good writer is _____ who can express the commonplace in an uncommon way.A. thatB. heC. oneD. this5. Which do you think _____ , wealth or health?A. bestB. betterC. the betterD. the best6.The size of that island is about _____ that of this one.A. three times as much asB. as three times much asC. as three times greater thanD. three times as big as7. That last novel of his is _____ the best he has written.A. by farB. so farC. by thenD. so much8. A good sleep can _____ a tiring day.A. make out forB. make upC. make up forD. make up to9. He hasn’t any mo ney so I _____ him some.A. will be lendingB. am to lendC. would lendD. am going to lend10. He promised to let me have the book as soon as he _____ it.A. had readB. has readC. read D, would have read11. We can go only when the ground _____ .A. is dryingB. will dryC. driedD. has dried12. He went away and he _____ back yet.A. is notB. has not beenC. was notD. will not be13. The world’s supplies of petroleum _____ .A. have been gradually exhaustedB. have gradually exhaustedC. are being gradually exhaustedD. are gradually exhausted14. We _____ your terms carefully but _____ to say that we cannot accept them.A. are studying; regretB. have studied; are regrettingC. have studied; regretD. have been studying; will regret15. With the development of production and science, electronics _____ a wide application ina short time.A. has foundB. findsC. have foundD. found16. The company _____ a rise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. has been promisedB. has been promisingC. is promisingD. promised17. The children _____ many times not to go near the stove.A. have toldB. toldC. have been toldD. are told18. The experiment is very expensive. But _____ succeed, we would be able to make production more efficient.A. should weB. were weC. if should weD. if we19. _____ if you had lost your watch?A. Hadn’t you been upsetB. Wouldn’t you be upsetC. Weren’t you upsetD. Wouldn’t you have upset20. I wished it _____ but it did.A. not occurredB. did not occurC. had not occurredD. would not occur21. If I had only read all the books before I _____ the lecture!A. attendedB. would have attendedC. had attendedD. have attended22. The swimmer was very tired but he _____ reach the shore before he collapsed.A. managedB. couldC. was succeeded toD. was able to23. _____ as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used proved to be false.A. The estimate B The estimate that C. They are estimated D. It is estimated that24. The lawyer told his client that _____.A. the case was of a small chance to winB. it was nearly impossible to win him the caseC. they had little chance of winning the caseD. the chance of their winning the case was little25. _____ that men try to do the same things as nature does, and they usually have to do them in a different way.A. The fact is so interestingB. It is an interesting factC. The fact has much interestD. There is a fact so interesting26. We were all overjoyed at the news _____ the experiment turned out a success.A. thatB. whichC. whenD. what27. The man _____ had little information.A. I spoke ofB. of who I spokeC. I spoke of whomD. whom I spoke28. The size of the audience, _____ we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.A. whomB. asC. whichD. that29. The higher income tax is harmful _____ it may discourage people from trying to earn more.A. so thatB. in thatC. unlessD. in case30. Only in the last few years _____ to help the underprivileged in the country.A. something is doneB. is something doneC. has there something been doneD. has anything been doneReading （30分）Interesting Day Courses in your AreaA Photographing WildlifeThis workshop includes an introduction in the classroom, two photography sessions with specially arranged access to the zoo enclosures so that you can take natural-lookingclose-ups of the most exotic species, and the opportunity to review and discuss your images as a group.B Drawing For FunYou will learn some basic techniques using soft pencils and charcoal. These and different types of paper are provided. Just bring yourself and a willingness to ‘have a go’. This is a start-up day so people who have already attended courses should not apply.C Find Your VoiceYou may feel you can’t sing or you may be an established singer who wants to improve or gain confidence. You will be shown how to sing in tune, how to breathe correctly and how to project your voice. You may attend this course more than once and each time have a wonderful experience. Everyone can sing and it’s great fun.D Focus On LandscapesThis course is designed for students who are familiar with painting in watercolors, but are having difficulty with some techniques. We will discuss choice of materials, color mixing and any other areas that may be raised.The day will start with a demonstration, followed by an opportunity to sketch outdoors. After a light lunch cooked in the studio, there will be a further practical session.E Taking Happy PicturesThe main objective is to introduce you to the skills required to take good photographs of people at special events, such as parties or weddings.We will discuss camera settings, dealing with varied light or bad weather, and how to get a good atmosphere. Lunch is provided at a nearby hotel, followed by a practical session inside the studio.F The Music TakeawayGet some friends, family or colleagues together for your own music course in a venue of your choice, which could be your front room, basement or workplace. We send two guitar tutors to lead a one-day session for you in the style of music you prefer, such as rock, country, funk or blues.Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet.NB You may use any letter more than once.Participants can decide where the course is held.Different ability levels are welcome.All the necessary materials are supplied.Participants will be able to go where the public are not normally allowed.It is possible to repeat this course.You can select what to study from a range of options.The course will provided advice on how to overcome difficult conditions.THE LONG-TERM STABILITY OF ECOSYSTEMSPlant communities assemble themselves flexibly, and their particular structure depends on the specific history of the area. Ecologists use the term “succession ”to refer to the changes that happen in plant communities and ecosystems over time. The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a a climax community. Pioneer and successional plant communities are said to change over periods from 1 to 500 years. These changes in plant numbers and the mix of species are cumulative. Climax communities themselves change but over periods of time greater than about 500 years.An ecologist who studies a pond today may well find it relatively unchanged in a year’s time. Individual fish may be replaced, but the number of fish may tend to be the same from one year to the next. We can say that the properties of an ecosystem are more stable than the individual organisms that compose the ecosystem.At one time. Ecologists believed that species diversity made ecosystem stable. They believed that the greater the diversity the more stable the ecosystem. Support for this idea came from observation that long-lasting climax communities usually have more complex food webs and more species diversity than pioneer communities. Ecologist concluded that the apparent stability of climax ecosystems depended on their complexity. To take an extreme example, farmlands dominated by a singe crop are so unstable that one year of bad weather or the invasion of a single pest can destroy their entire crop. In contrast, a complex climax community , such as a temperate forest, will tolerate considerable damage from bad weather or pests.The question of ecosystem stability is complicated, however. The first problem is that ecologist don’t all agree what “stability “ means . Stability can be all defined as simply lack of change. In that case, the climax community would be considered the most stable, since, by definition, it changes the least over time. Alternatively, stability can be defined as the speed with which an ecosystem returns to a particular form following a major disturbance, such as a fire. This kind of stability is also called resilience . In that case, climax community would be the most fragile and the least stable, since they can acquire hundreds of years to return to the complex state.Even the kind of stability defined as simple lack of change is not always associated with maximum diversity. At least in temperate zones, maximum diversity is often found in mid-successional stages, not in the climax community. Once a redwood forest matures, for example, the kinds of species and the number of individuals growing on the forest floor are reduced. In general, diversity, by itself, does not ensure stability. Mathematical models of ecosystems likewise suggest that diversity does not guarantee ecosystem stability- just the opposite, in fact. A more complicated system is , in general, more likely than a simple system to break down. (A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle）Ecologists are especially interested in knowing what factors contribute to the resilience of communities because climax communities all over the world are being severely damaged or destroyed by human activities. The destruction caused by volcanic explosion of Mount. St. Helens, in the northwestern United States, for example , pales in comparison to theconstruction cause by humans. We need to know what aspects of community are most important to the community’s resistance to destruction, as well as its recovery.Many ecologists now think that the relative long-term stability of climax communities comes not from diversity but from the “ patchiness” of the environment. An environment that varies from place to place supports more kinds of organisms than an environment that is uniform. A local population that goes extinct is quickly replaced by immigrants from an adjacent community. Even if the new population is of a different species, it can approximately fill the niche vacated by the extinct population and keep the food web intact.2 According to paragraph 1, which of the following is not true of climax communities?A They occur at the end of a succession.B They last longer than any other type of community.C The numbers of plants in them and the mix of species do not change.D They remain stable for at least 500 years at a time.3 According to paragraph 2, which of the following principles of ecosystems can be learned by studying a pond?A Ecosystem properties change more slowly than individuals in the system.B The stability of an ecosystem tends to change as individuals are replace.C Individual organisms are stable from one year to the next.D A change in the numbers of an organism does not affect tan ecosystem’s properties.4 According to paragraph 3, ecologist once believed that which of the following illustrated the most stable ecosystems?A Pioneer communitiesB Climax communitiesC Single-crop farmlandsD Successional plant communities5 According to paragraph 4, why is the question of ecosystem stability complicated?A The reasons for ecosystem change are not always clear.B Ecologists often confuse the word “stability” with the word “ resilience”.C The exact meaning of the word “ stability” is debated by ecologists.D There are many different answers to the ecological questions.6 According to paragraph 4, which of the following is true about climax community?A They are more resilient than pioneer communities.B They can be considered both the most and the least stable communities.C They are stable because they recover quickly after major disturbances.D They are the most resilient communities because they change the least over time.7 Which of the following can be inferred from paragraph 5 about redwood forest?A They become less stable as they mature.B They support many species when they reach climax.C They are found in temperate zones.D They have reduced diversity during mid-successional stage.9 In paragraph 5, why does the author provide the information that “a A fifteen-speed racing bicycle is more likely to break down than a child’s tricycle”?A To illustrate a general principle about the stability of systems by using an every-day example.B To demonstrate that an understanding of stability in ecosystem can be applied to help understand stability in other situations.C To make a comparison that supports the claim that, in general, stability increases with diversity.D To provide an example that contradicts mathematical models of ecosystems.11 which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A Ecologists now thinks that the stability of an environment is a result of diversity rather than patchiness.B Patchy environments that vary from place to place do not often have high species diversity.C Uniform environments can’t be climax communities because they do not support as many types of organisms as patchy environments.D A patchy environment is thought to increase stability because it is able to support a wide variety of organisms.Writing （30分）Some people think that strict punishments for driving offences are the key to reducing traffic accidents. Others, however, believe that other measures would be more effective in improving road safety.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.。

Although I am in perfect health, and in possession of a valid class-one California driving license, I am running 31 problems getting employment in the trucking industry because I am 32.You may have heard that in recent years, more and more women have been entering the trucking 33 . But here’s the catch; in most 34 , women are able to enter the trucking profession 35 as part of a husband-wife driving team. As for putting a single woman 36 with a male co-driver for long-distance hauling, the companies that I’ve been 37 , on the 38 that they could get 39 for condoning fornication and adultery. 40 two drivers sharing long-distance hauling are expected to 41 driving and sleeping shifts to keep running 20 or 22 hours a day, employers have told me they feel that inevitably I and a male co-driver would wind up spending all our time in the sleeper berth! In short, it’s 42 that because I’m a woman, I’m incapable of behaving responsibility on the road, of 43 any responsible attitude in my co-driver who, of course, would be incapable of regarding me as anything 44 a sex object, placed conveniently 45 his disposal by the firm while he’s on the road. I’ve also been told that I could be hired by the company in 46 if only they had another woman driver to put me on with; but the company doesn’t hire woman anyway, 47 there’s no 48 driver to put me on with, so…There you have a nice circular argument 49 firms use to protect themselves 50 up pity woman who dare to stay single, try to gross $14000 to $50000 income yearly. God forbid!31. A. for B. on C. with D. into32. A. pregnant B. married C. female D. divorced33. A. profession B. job C. vacation D. employment34. A. scopes B. situations C. Countries D. cases35. A. if B. only C. besides D. what36. A. on B. up C. by D. off37. A. declined B. refused C. abolished D. abandoned38. A. premise B. grounds C. hypothesis D. crisis39. A. trouble B. court C. jail D. sentence40. A. If only B. Only when C. Unless if D. Even though41. A. Changeable B. Alternate C. Flexible D. substitutive42. A. presumed B. resumed C. consumed D. assumed43. A. enforcing B. adapting C. using D. performing44. A. other than B. besides C. but than D. not45. A. by B. with C. at D. for46. A. problem B. question C. America D. business47. A. and B. so C. nonetheless D. but48. A. woman B. professional C. perfect D. managing49. A. if B. many C. trucking D. certified50. A. for B. / C. against D. withPART IV GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY [15 MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51 _________native to North America, corn has now spread all over the world.A In spite ofB That it isC It wasD although52 Our civilization cannot be thought of as_______in a short period of time.A to have been createdB to be createdC having been createdD being created53 We feel it is high time that the Government _______something to check the inflation.A didB doC should doD would do54 It has been proposed that we _______our decision until the next meeting.A delayedB delayC can delayD are to delay55 Hurricanes are severe cyclones with winds over seventy-five miles an hour________originate over tropical ocean waters.A whichB whoC whereD how to56 ________is announced in the papers, our country has launched a large scale movementagainst smuggling and fraudulent activities in foreign currency exchange deals.A WhatB AsC WhichD That57 All the flights_______because of the snowstorm, we had to take the train instead.A were canceledB had been canceledC having canceledD having been canceled58 Once _________, this power station will supply all the neighboring towns and villageswith electricity.A it being completedB it completedC completedD it completes59 He might have been killed _______the timely arrival of the ambulance.A but forB except forC besidesD except60 If you have never planted anything, you won’t be able to know the pleasure of watching thething you have planted ________.A growB to growC growingD to be growing61 Every means __________ tried out but never with success, as far as my knowledge goes.A isB areC has beenD have been62 One of the requirements for a fire is that the material ________to its burning temperatureA be heatedB is heatedC would be heatedD is heated63 ________ will Mr. Forbes be able to regain control of the company.A With hard workB Only if he works hardlyC In spite of his hard workD Only if he works hardly64 ________ is no reason for discharging her.A Because she was a few minutes lateB Owing to a few minutes being lateC The fact that she was a few minutes lateD Owing to a few minutes being late65 __________ what may, we’re not going to make any concessions to his unreasonabledemands.A ComeB CameC ComingD Came66 Mac’s close_______to his brother made people mistake them for one another.A resemblanceB identityC appearanceD identity67 The thieves________the waste paper all over the room while they were searching for thediamond ring.A spreadB scratchedC scatteredD scratched68 The sight of the fruit salad made our daughter Kit’s mouth ________.A wetB waterC soakD water69 The________problem of bringing a space ship back from the moon has been solved.A technicalB technologicalC techniqueD technologe70 A large part of a person’s memory is________words and combination of words.A by means ofB in terms ofC in connection withD in terms of71 At her word she stood up and walked away, stopping at the window to pull back the curtainand ________.A look roundB look outC look upD look out72 Their happiness was very________.A crispB brittleC delicateD brittle73 I was awfully tired when I got home from work, but a half hour nap ________me.A revivedB releasedC relievedD released74 We should always keep in mind that________decisions often lead to bitter regrets.A hastyB instantC promptD instant75 Information and opinion gap exercises have to have some content ________talking about.A worthwhileB worthilyC worthD worthily76 “If we fail to act now,” said Tom, “We’ll find ourselves ________in action later on.”A paid backB paid forC paid upD paid for77 The first step in the study of any language is observing and ________precisely whathappens when native speakers speak it.A setting offB setting aboutC setting upD setting down78 As the pressure________, the liquid rock is forced up through channels in the resistantrock to the earth’s surface.A intensifiesB magnifiesC heightensD deviates79 Poll is an example of a severely disabled person who has become________at manysurvival skills.A efficientB proficientC persistentD transient80 Rumors are everywhere, spreading fear, damaging reputations, and turning calm situationsinto _________ ones.A tragicB .turbulentC vulnerableD viciousPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25 MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer. Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AThere seems never to have been a civilization without toys, but when and how they de-veloped is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies where social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls after the tasks of their mothers. This is true because boys and girls are being prepared, even in play, to step into the roles and re-sponsibilities of the adult world.What is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries but how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present that is amazing. In Egypt, the Americas, China, Japan and among the Arctic peoples, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life because toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy sol-diers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the oxcart to the automobile is a direct line of ascent. The progress from a rattle used by a baby in 3000 BC to one used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations ofavailable materials.81. T he reason why the toys most boys play with are different from those that girls playwith is that ________ .[A] their social roles are rigidly determined[B] most boys would like to follow their fathers' professions[C]boys like to play with their fathers while girls with their mothers[D] they like challenging activities82. One aspect of "the universality of toys" lies in the fact that ___________ .[A]technological advances have greatly improved the durability of toys[B]the improvement of craftsmanship in making toys depends on the efforts of universities[C] the exploration of the universe has led to the creation of new kinds of toys[D] the basic characteristics of toys are the same the world over83. Which of the following is the author's view on the historical development of toys?[A] The craftsmanship in toy-making has remained essentially unchanged.[B] Toys have remained basically the same all through the centuries.[C] The toy industry has witnessed great leaps in technology in recent years.[D] Toys are playing an increasingly important role in shaping a child's character.84. Regarded as a kind of art form, toys ___________ .[A]follow a direct line of ascent[B]also appeal greatly to adults[C] are not characterized by technological progress[D] reflect the pace of social progress85. The author uses the example of a rattle to show that ___________ .[A]in toy-making there is a continuity in the use of materials[B]even the simplest toys can reflect the progress of technology[C]it often takes a long time to introduce new technology into toy-making[D]even a simple toy can mirror the artistic tastes of the times.TEXT BHow do we get more young people to increase their consumption of iron-rich foods? Many nutritionists are advocating the fortification of a number of foods. This may help, but I contend that we should also intensify our efforts in nutrition education among our young people. I simply do not buy the argument that it is futile to try to change eating habits. Once an intelligent person—and this includes adolescents—understands the need for a healthy diet, I think he or she will act accordingly. As for specific actions, I suggest that blood hemoglobin should be checked as a routine part of a youngster's yearly physical checkup. It should contain at least 11 grams per 100 milliliters of blood for a girl and at least 12 grams for a boy. If it is any lower, the physician probably will prescribe an easily absorbed iron supplement.Adolescents—and everyone else—should cut out highly processed foods and drinks, which may be low in iron and other nutrients. Read the labels for iron content. Especially make sure that all bakery products are made with enriched flour or whole grains. Try adding liver, chicken, beef, veal or any other variety to the weekly menu.Finally, even when you are trying to lose weight, always eat a sensible, well-balanced diet made up of a variety of fresh or very lightly processed foods. In this way, you stand a good chance of getting not only enough iron, but also adequate amounts of all the other essential nutrients.86. The author recommends that young people __________ .[A] check blood hemoglobin yearly[B] be on a strictly vegetarian diet[C] lose weight[D] do some more studies on hemoglobin87. What kind of bakery products do young people have to eat?[A] Bread made with good vegetable oil.[B] Bread made with wheat.[C] Bread made with enriched flour or whole grains.[D] Bread containing less calories.88. The passage is mainly about ________ .[A] the importance of diet[B] the need of iron[C] adolescents eating habits[D] blood hemoglobin89. When the author says that we should intensify our efforts in nutrition education amongour young people, he means that we __________ .[A]should force young people to eat well-balanced meals[B]should tell young people to eat liver, chicken, beef or veal[C]should teach adolescents about nutrition in home economics class[D]should try to change eating habits to get enough iron and other essential nutrients90. The author says that the appropriate way to lose weight is ___________ .[A]to cut our highly processed foods and drinks[B]to eat a variety of fresh or every lightly processed foods[C]to eat vegetables and eggs[D]to eat foods recommended by a physicianTEXT CPeople can be addicted to different things—e. g.,alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even television. People who have such an addiction are compulsive, i. e., they have a very powerful psychological need that they feel they must satisfy. According to psychologists, manypeople are compulsive spenders: they feel they must spend money. This compulsion, like most others, is irrational—impossible to explain reasonably. For compulsive spenders who buy on credit, charge accounts are even more exciting than money. In other words, compulsive spenders feel that with credit, they can do anything. Their pleasure in spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure that they get from the things they buy.There is a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low prices and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy thingsthey don't need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budgets, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they feel that they are winning. Most people, experts claim, have two reasons for their behavior: a good reason for things that they do and the real reason.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business: they consider people's needs for love, power, or influence, their basic value, their beliefs and opinions, and so on in their advertising and sales methods.Psychologists can often use a method called "behavior therapy" to help individuals solve their personality problems. In the same way, they can help people who feel that they have problems with money.91. According to the psychologists, a compulsive spender is one who spends large amountsof money _______ .[A] and takes great pleasure from what he or she buys[B] in order to satisfy his or her basic needs in life[C] just to meet his or her strong psychological need[D]entirely with an irrational eagerness92. According to the author, compulsive bargain hunters are in constant search of the lowestpossible price ________ .[A] because they want to save money to help their budgets[B] because they can openly boast of their triumph over others in getting things for lessmoney[C] and will not have money problems if they can keep to their budgets[D] but they seldom admit they r eel satisfied if they can get things for less money thanothers93. Which of the following is TRUE?[A]All people spend money for exactly the same reason that they need to buy things.[B]Business people and advertisers use the psychology of spending habits toincrease sales.[C] Business people understand the psychology of compulsive buying better than scientistsdo.tists do.[D] Compulsive bargain hunters do not have problems with money.94. The article is mainly about _______ .[A ] the psychology of money-spending habits[B]the purchasing habits of compulsive spenders[C] a special psychology of bargain hunting[D] the use of the psychology of spending habits in business95. From the passage, we can safely conclude that compulsive spenders or compulsive bargain hunters ________.[A] are really unreasonable[B] need special treatment[C] are really beyond remedies[D] can never get any help to solve their problems with moneyTEXT DIn the 1960s, medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like "serious illness of a family member" were high on the list, but so were some positive life-changing events, like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s, hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millions of Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow, the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women's magazines ran headlines like "Stress causes illness!" "If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy," the articles said, "avoid stressful events. "But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover, any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful, a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move.The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we're all vulnerable and passive in the face of adversity. But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom, and physical and mental strain.96. The result of Holmes-Rahe' s medical research tells us _______ .[A] the way you handle major events may cause stress[B] what should be done to avoid stress[C] what kind of event would cause stress[D] how to cope with sudden changes in life97. The studies on stress in the early 1970's led to _________ .[A] widespread concern over its harmful effects[B] great panic over the mental disorder it could cause[C] an intensive research into stress-related illnesses[D] popular avoidance of stressful jobs98. The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows _______ .[A] how much pressure you are under [B] how positive events can change your life [C]how stressful a major event can be [D] how you can deal with life-changing events99. Why is "such simplistic advice" (Para. 3) impossible to follow?[A] No one can stay on the same job for long.[B] No prescription is effective in relieving stress.[C] People have to get married someday.[D] You could be missing opportunities as well.100. According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become _________________[A] nervous when faced with difficulties[B]physically and mentally strained[C] more capable of coping with adversity[D] indifferent toward what happens to themSECTION A COMPOSITION [35 MIN]Is it necessary to make an occupational plan? Different persons have different answers to this question. If your answer is “Yes”, can you list some important steps to follow for the plan or put forward some good suggestions?Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:THE NECESSITY OF OCCUPATION PLANNINGYou are to write in three parts.In the first part, state specifically what your idea is.In the second part, provide one, two or more reasons to support your idea OR describeyour idea.In the last part, bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or a summary.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTION B NOTE-WRITING [10 MIN] Write on ANSWER SHEET THREE a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You have promised to join your friend on a trip to Dalian during the summer vacation, but now you can’t go. Write to apologized and explain why.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.。

Model Test8解析版Part1Reading comprehension（35minutes,40points)Passage one题型解析1.What does the author value most in the communication with each other?（细节题）2.The woman’s patient stopped telling her story to most people because_____.（细节题）3.If you hand a handkerchief to someone crying,you may______.（推理判断题）4.It can be inferred from the passage that while communicating,______.（推理判断）5.Which of the following might be the author’s opinion about communication?（主旨大意）篇章解析I suppose（想，认为）that the most basic and powerful way to connect（连接）to another person is to listen. Just listen.Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our attention（注意）,and especially if it’s given from the heart.When people are talking,there’s no need to do anything but receive them.Listen to what they’re saying.Care about it.Most times caring about it is even more important than understanding it.Most of us don’t value（评价，评估）ourselves or our love enough to know this.It has taken me a long time to believe in the power of simple saying“I’m so sorry.”when someone is in pain.One of my patients told me that when she tried to tell her story people often interrupted（打断）to tell her that they once had something just like that happening to them.Her pain became a story about themselves. Eventually（最终）she stopped talking to most people.We connect through listening.When we interrupt what someone is saying to let them know that we understand,we move the focus of attention to ourselves.When we listen,they know we care.I have even learned to respond to（回应）someone by just listening.In the old days I used to（过reach for the handkerchiefs（手绢）,until I realized that passing a person a handkerchief may be just another way to shut him down,to take them out of their experience of sadness.Now I just listen.When they have cried all they need to cry,they find me there with them.This simple thing has not been that easy to learn.It certainly went against（与…相反，反对）everything I had been taught since I was very young.I thought people listened only because they were too shy to speak or did not know the answer.But now I know that a loving silence often has far more power to heal（治愈）than the kindest words.习题解析1.What does the author value most in the communication with each other?A)Deep understanding.B)Saying“I’m sorry”.C)Attention from heart.D)Doing nothing.don’’t 【解析】Most times caring about it is even more important than understanding it.Most of us don ourselves or our love enough to know this.2.The woman’s patient stopped telling her story to most people because________.A)she didn’t get enough respect from others B)she was discouraged by being often interruptedC)people often told her their own opinions D)people couldn’t understand her sad situation【解析】O ne of my patients told me that when she tried to tell her story people often interrupted（打断）to tell her that they once had something just like that happening to them.Her pain became a story about themselves..Eventually（最终）she stopped talking to most people.themselves3.If you hand a handkerchief to someone crying,you may_________.A)hurt his feelings B)make him embarrassedC)encourage him to continue to cry D)stop him from letting out his sorrow【解析】In the old days I used to（过去常常做某事）reach for the handkerchiefs（手绢）,until I realized that passing a person a handkerchief may be just another way to shut him down,to take them out of theirexperience of sadness.4.It can be inferred from the passage that while communicating,_________.A)listening is a perfect way to respond to othersB)people keep silent because they don’t know the answerC)keeping silent means being too shy to speakD)it is easy to form the habit of listening silently【解析】B,C,D均可在文中找到相反意思的表达。

Answer Sheet （Model T est 1）Part I. Structure and Vocabulary. (15 points)1. ( D )2. ( A )3. ( C )4. ( D )5. ( C )6. ( C )7. ( A )8. ( D )9. ( A ) 10. ( C ) 11. ( D ) 12. ( B ) 13. ( D ) 14. ( A ) 15. ( C ) 16. ( B ) 17. ( D ) 18. ( D ) 19. ( B ) 20. ( A ) 21. ( B ) 22. ( B ) 23. ( C ) 24. ( C ) 25. ( B ) 26. ( D ) 27. ( B ) 28. ( B ) 29. ( C ) 30. ( A )Part II. Reading Comprehension. (50 points)Section A:31. ( A ) 32. ( C ) 33. ( B ) 34. ( D ) 35. ( C ) 36. ( A ) 37. ( B ) 38. ( D ) 39. ( B ) 40. ( C ) 41. ( A ) 42. ( B ) 43. ( C ) 44. ( D ) 45. ( C ) 46. ( A ) 47. ( C ) 48. ( D ) 49. ( B ) 50. ( C )Section B:51. Because consumers come to appreciate its health benefits./Because it is healthful.52. Because we need a three-fold increase in food production/there are more mouths to feed and extra people will take up space and reduce the overall land available for agriculture.53. The developing world.54. To show that the development of technology can make GM crops affordable for all.55. They have some mistakes but they shouldn’t put us off progress.Part III. Cloze (10 points)56. ( C ) 57. ( A ) 58. ( C ) 59. ( D ) 60. ( A ) 61. ( B ) 62. ( A ) 63. ( B ) 64. ( B ) 65. ( C )Part IV. English-Chinese Translation. (10 points)人们的生活水平在20世纪一直飙升，而且经济学家预测在未来几十年里生活水平将持续增长。