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情态动词 have 过去分词句型的用法

情态动词 have 过去分词句型的用法
情态动词 have 过去分词句型的用法

透过高考题看“情态动词+have +过去分词”句型的用法

“情态动词+have+过去分词”句型既可以用来表示对过去所发生事情的一种推测,也可以用来表达其他含义。它的用法是情态动词语法中的一个难点,也是历年高考中的一个重点,几乎每年都考。现结合历年相关高考题就“情态动词+have+过去分词”句型的基本用法归纳与分析如下:

1. “must + have +过去分词”用于肯定句中,表示对过去所发生的动作或存在的状态很有把握的一种推测,也可以用来表示对到目前为止的情况的推测,意为“一定(已经)……,想必”。

在使用这一句型时,需要注意的是:

(1)“must + have +过去分词”句型的否定式不能用“mustn’t + have +过去分词”,而要用“cant(couldn’t)+have + 过去分词”结构,表示“过去不可能做了什么”,语气也比较肯定,而mustn’t则表示“绝对禁止”。

(2)“must + have +过去分词”句型的疑问形式是用can (could)构成“Can(Could) sb. have done...?”结构。

例1.— Tom graduated from college at a very young age.

— Oh, he ____ have been a very smart boy then.

(NMET2004甘青卷)

A. could

B. should

C. might

D. must

简析:答案为D。由前句语意可知,Tom肯定很聪明,表示一种肯定推测,故选D。

例2. He ____ have completed his work, oth erwise, he wouldn’t be enjoying himself by the seaside.

(NMET2005 北京卷)

A. should

B. must

C. wouldn’t

D. cant

简析:答案为B 。该题考查“must+have+过去分词”表示对过去的肯定推测。该句意思为:他一定是完成了工作,否则,他不会在海边玩得这么开心。而“should+have+过去分词”表示应该做某事却没做;“cant+have+过去分词”是“must+have+过去分词”的否定式;wouldn’t表示“不会”,均不符合题意。

2. “could (couldn’t)+ have +过去分词”表示对过去情况的较有把握的肯定或否定推测。“could +have +过去分词”说明过去可以做或能够做,但实际上没有做,意为“本来可以……”。而“cant + have +过去分词”表示一种非常有把握的否定推测。

例1. My English-Chinese dictionary has disappeared. Who ____ have taken it? (NMET2000上海春季卷)

A . should

B . must

C . could

D .would

简析:答案为C 。could have done表示对过去情况的推测,意为“可能是……”;should have done表示本来应该做而没有做;must have done表示过去一定那样做了;would have done 表示对过去情况的断定,常用来表示虚拟语气。

例2.— I stayed at a hotel while in New York.

— Oh, did you? You ____ with Barbara. (NMET1998)

A. could have stayed

B. could stay

C. would stay

D. must have stayed

简析:答案为 A 。由对话提供的语境及其句意可知,说话人呆在纽约一家酒店事情已经发生,所以回话人说“你本来可以和Barbara住在一起”。

3. “may( might )+ have +过去分词”表示(过去)可能做了某事,意为“也许已经……,可能已经……”,突出可能性。这种结构常用于肯定句或否定句中,不能构成疑问句式,其疑问句式常用“can( could )+ have +过去分词”结构。

例1.Sorry , I’m late. I ____ have turned off the alarm clock and gone back to sleep again.

(NMET2000京、皖春季卷)

A. might B . should

C. can

D. will

简析:答案为A 。might have done sth.的意思是“(过去)可能做某事”,表推测。由句子的意思可知,他可能当时把闹钟关上了,故答案为 A 。

例2. Yesterday, Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, she ____ something she would regret later.

(NMET1996上海卷)

A.had said

B. said

C. might say

D. might have said

简析:答案为 D 。根据上下文语境,该句表示一种推测。

4. “should (ought to)+have +过去分词”用于肯定句表示“过去本应该做但实际上没有做”,意思为“本来应该……的(但实际上却没有……)”,含有“责备”的意思;其否定形式要在 should或ought to后加not,构成“shouldn’t(oughtn’t to)+ have +过去分词”结构,表示“过去本不应该做而实际做了某事”,含有“责备、抱怨、后悔”之意。例如:

例1. I was really anxious about you. You ____ home without a word.

(NMET2001 全国卷)

A.mustn’t leave

B. shouldn’t have left

C. couldn’t have left

D. needn’t leave

简析:答案为 B。shouldn’t have done表示本来不应该做而做了,含责备意味。句意为:我真的为你着急,你不应该一句话不说就离开了家。

例2.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I ____ so much fried just now.(NMET2002上海春季卷)

A. shouldn’t eat

B. mustn’t have eaten

C. shouldn’t have eaten

D. mustn’t eaten

简析:答案为C 。just now 是表示过去的时间状语,故只能在B和C两个选项中确定答案,而B为错误选项,因为mustn’t不表示判断或推测。该题的句意为:噢,我觉得胃不舒服。我刚才不应该吃那么多炸鸡。

例3.Mr. White ____ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didn’t show up.

(NMET2004广西卷)

A. should have arrived

B. should arrive

C. should have had arrived

D. should be arriving

简析:答案为A。should have done 表示过去该做某事而没做。should do 表示现在或将来应该怎么样。从后一句didn’t可知此题指的是过去,故答案为A 。

例4.— Ill tell Mary her new job tomorrow.

— You ____ her last week.

(NMET2004福建卷)

A. ought to tell

B. would have told

C. must tell

D. should have told

简析:答案为 D 。根据后一句的时间状语,可排除选项A、C;选项B表示与过去事实不相符合的假设,不合题意;D表示对过去该做的事情没有做的一种责备。故根据语境,答案选D,暗含对“你”的责备。

5. “needn’t+ have +过去分词”表示“过去没有必要做某事,但实际上却做了”,意为“本来可以不必……的(可实际上却已经……了)”。

例如: There was plenty of time. She ____.(NMET1987)

A.mustn’t have hurried

B. couldn’t have hurried

C. must not hurry

D. needn’t have hurried

简析:答案为D 。由第一句可知“有足够的时间”,这就暗示了“she”没有必要匆忙。

再如:You needn’t have woken him up at 5 o’clock. Its too early.

你其实不必五点钟叫他,太早了。

过去分词用法

过去分词在句中不可以作谓语,它相当于形容词和副词,在句中可作表语、宾语、状语、补足语等。 过去分词作表语 Never touch an electric wire when it is broken He is gone You are mistaken 过去分词作定语 The child gave a cry and with outstretched arms ran forward 那孩子叫了一声,伸开双臂向前跑去 Her job was to take care of the wounded solder ? 用作宾语的过去分词多用于表示已完成的动作,但是有时它所表示的动作却尚未完成或有待于将来完成 The workers demand increased wages 工人们要求加薪 过去分词用作定语亦可放在其所修饰的名词后面,其常具有暂时性,其动词的性质较强。 He wants his eggs fired (尚未炸好的。Fried eggs 则译为炸好的鸡蛋带有永久性) He himself took all the letters written to the post 他亲自将写好的信付邮(written = that he had written , written letter 则译为书写的信,非打字的信件) 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般皆置于所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句 The ship battered by the storm crept into the harbour 被暴风雨击打的那只船慢慢的驶入港口 过去分词短语亦可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号 Some of them , born and brought up in rural villages, had never seen a train 他们中有些生长在农村,从为见过火车。 过去分词作这状语 过去分词从表面意义角度也可以用作状语表时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况。 Heated , the metal expand (表时间) Born and bred in the countryside,he was bewildered by the big city 他们生长在乡下,对这大城市感到迷惑(表原因) Mocked by everyone ,he had my sympathy(表让步)、 The lichens came borne by storms这地衣是由暴风雨带来的(表伴随) Seed catalogues are comprehensive , lavishly illustrated in colour 种子的目录册很全,用彩图表示的(表方式) 过去分词用作补语 用作宾语补语,其前的谓语动词多是感官动词和使役动词 He heard chain and bolts with drawn 他听见门上的链和栓被拉开了 She found the house renovated她发现房子已经修过了

过去分词的用法

过去分词的用法 现在分词的七种用法 (一)作定语 1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。例如: The sleep ing boy is Tom. 2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如: Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are play ing outside not to make too much no ise. 3. 现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。例如: Tom, wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. 4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。例如: This is an En glish-speak ing coun try. (二)作表语 现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。女口amus ing, discourag ing, puzzli ng, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。例如:

The story is movi ng. (三)现在分词在句中作宾语补足语,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的 “主表”关系或“主谓”关系。例如: We all found his equipment interesting.(主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then.(主谓关系) (四)作状语 现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing形式 前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。 1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。例如: Bei ng ill, Mary did n't come to school yesterday. 2?作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。例如: Seeing their teacher coming, the stude nts stopped talk ing. 如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when 或while。例如: While wait ing for the pla ne, I had a long talk with Sim on. 3. 作条件状语。 V-ing形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。例如: Work ing harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class. 4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。例如: Weighi ng almost two hun dred jin, the stone was moved by him alone. 5. 作结果状语。例如: He died, leav ing no thi ng but debts. 6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。例如:

高中英语过去分词用法练习题及答案

习题精选---分词用法: boy went to the ball,_like a pretty girl. A. dressing B. wearing C. wore D. dressed 2._in a white uniform, he looks more like a cook than a doctor. A. Dressed B. To dress C. Dressing D. Having dressed 3. The film was made_on a true old story. A. base B. to be based C. based D. basing 4. When_,the museum will be open to the public next year. A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed 5._to his research, he almost forgot everything. A. Devoting B. Devoted C. To devote D. Devote 6. _his attention on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix 7._on his novel, he didn’t notice the teacher coming. A. Fixed B. Fixing C. Fix D. To fix old engineer talked of the difficulty they _the tower. A. built B. had building C. had built D. build 9. _such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered 10._the past, our life is becoming much better. A. Comparing with B. Be compared with C. To compare with D. Compared with 11. The boy was last seen _near the East Lake. A. playing B. play C. played D. to play was very unhappy for _to the party. A. having not been invited B. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door _“Sorry to miss you; will call later.” A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read 14. We went to see him yesterday evening, _him away. A. finding B. find C. only to find D. found 15. _of plastics, the machines are easy to carry. A. To make B. Having made C. Being made D. Made Suggested answers: 1-5 DACA B 6-10 BABAD 11-15 ADCCD

过去分词作宾语补足语 学案

过去分词作宾语补足语 概念引入 上个单元我们学习了过去分词作表语和定语的用法。现在我们继续学习过去分词作宾语补足语。看这些句子: 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdom by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 这些句子中的黑体部分都是过去分词作宾语补足语。 用法讲解 宾语补足语是同学们学习英语的一个小难点,许多同学都弄不清到底什么是宾语补足语,它的作用是什么,所以我们今天就从宾语补足语讲起,重点讲解过去分词作宾语补足语的内容。 什么是宾语补足语 英语中一些动词除需要一个宾语外,还需有宾语补足语句子意义才完整,这样就构成了英语的六种基本句型(见【补充】)中的“主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语”句型。宾语与宾语补足语之间在逻辑上是主谓关系。可作补足语的结构有名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词-ing形式、过去分词、不定式等。宾语和其宾语补足语也被称为复合结构。 1. 作补足语的词语: 1)We consider him (to be) a good teacher. 我们认为他是一个好老师。 (名词短语作宾语补足语,相当于省略了to be) 2)I find learning English difficult. 我发现学英语很难。 (形容词作宾语补足语) 3)I saw the kite up and down. 我看见风筝飞上飞下。 (副词作宾语补足语) 4)When he woke up, he found himself in a strange place. 他醒来时发现自己在一个陌生的地方。 (介词短语作宾语补足语) 5)Tom made the girl cry. 汤姆把女孩弄哭了。 (省略不定式符号to的动词不定式) 6)The father found his son playing in his room. 父亲发现儿子在房间里玩。 (动词-ing形式做宾语补足语) 7)The soft music makes us relaxed. 这首柔美的音乐使我们放松了。 (过去分词作宾语补足语) 【补充】英语的六种基本句型: 英语的最基本的句型有6种,其他的句子都是由这6种句型转换来的。

过去分词作宾补

Grammar Unit2 过去分词作宾补 过去分词作宾补用法归纳 英语中过去分词可作宾补,即:过去分词放在宾语(名词或代词)后面作补语,构成复合宾语,(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义,有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。 1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如:see, watch, observe, find, hear, feel, notice, 等。 ①We saw the thief caught by the police. ②People found the water polluted. ③Have you heard a pop song sung in English? ④I heard my name called. ⑤The rich man felt himself cheated. ⑥We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops. 我们可以听到大雨敲打窗户的声音。 ⑦I observed all the rooms broken into. 注意:see, hear, watch, notice 等动词后既可以加v-ing 也可以用do(不带to的不定式),还可以跟done,但三者之间有区别: 用v-ing 表示动作正在发生,即发生的过程还没有结束; 用do强调动作发生的全过程,即动作全过程结束了,用done 表示宾语与宾补之间时被动的关系 ①I saw her come into the classroom.我看到他进了教室。 ②I saw her coming into the classroom.我看他正在走进教室。 ③I saw her taken out of the classroom.我看到她被带出了教室。 2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如:have, make, get等。 如:make sth. done:让……被…… make oneself done. 让某人自己被…….或( 让别人……) get sth. done have sth. done 温馨提示: 让某人做某事:have sb. do sth./ get sb. to do sth. ①We have made our views known to them.我们已经使他们知道了我们 的观点。 ②As he knows very little English, he finds it difficult to make himself understood. ③I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow. 明天我要理发。 ④He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 ⑤They managed to make themselves understood using very simple English. ⑥we will make ourselves understood in one day.

现在分词和过去分词的用法区别

现在分词和过去分词的用法区别 (一)分词的作用 ·现在分词可用于: ·①构成进行时。e.g. We are studying English. ·②当副词作状语。e.g. The children came, singing and dancing. ·③当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. Falling leaves danced in the air. ·I saw many birds flying along the river. ·The story is very moving. ·过去分词可用于: ·①构成完成时。 e.g. The play had begun when we arrived there. ·②构成被动语态。e.g. English is widely spoken in the world. ·③当副词作状语。e.g. Seen here, the city looks more beautiful. ·④当形容词作定语、宾补和表语。 ·e.g. a boy named Tom ·I saw the girl killed with my own eyes. ·I’m interested in English. (二)现在分词与过去分词的两大差别 1.在语态上:现在分词表主动,过去分词表被动。 2.在时态上:现在分词表进行,过去分词表完成。 (三)确定分词的使用的具体步骤 (1)根据句子结构确定分词的语法成分 (2)找准逻辑主语 (3)判断主、被动关系 (4)选定现在或过去分词 1. There was a terrible noise ____ the sudden burst of light. A. followed B. following C. to be followed D. being followed 2. The Olympic Games, ____ in 776 B. C., didn’t include women until 1912. A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be playing 3. What’s the language ____ in Germany? A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak 4. Most of the people ____ to the party were famous scientists. A. invited B. to invite C. being invited D. inviting 5. The first textbooks ____ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.

with结构做宾补用法

With 结构(with+宾语+宾补)宾补可以是:过去分词,现在分词,不定式,副词,adj.,介词短语 可以做定语,伴随状语,原因状语,结果状语等等。 1. 1) With his key lost, he couldn’t get into his house.(钥匙丢了, 他进不了家门. ) 2) With his hair cut, Father looks much younger. (理了发,父亲看上去年轻多了.) 3) He sat there with his eyes closed. (他闭目坐在那儿。) 4) All the afternoon he worked with the door locked. (整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。) 5) The meeting ended with all the problems settled. (问题解决了,会散了.) 2. 1) With the teacher standing beside, the girl felt a bit uneasy. (老师站在一旁,女孩子感到有点不自在.) 2) She was chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her. (她在跟朋友闲聊,孩子在旁边玩。) 3) He felt uneasy with the whole class staring at him. (他感到很不安,因为所有的同学都盯着他。) 4) The boy lay on the grass, with his eyes looking into the sky. (小男孩躺在草地上,两眼望着天空。) 5) With night coming on, we started for home. 夜幕降临,我们动身回家。 6) I won’t be able to go on holiday with my mother being ill. (因为妈妈有病,我无法去度假。) 7) He fell asleep with the lamp burning. (他没熄灯就睡着了。) 3.1) I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash. (要洗这些衣服,我无法出去了。) 2) With so many people to help us, we are sure to finish the work in time.

get+过去分词用法详解

“be +过去分词”能构成被动结构,其实在现代英语口语或非正式文体中还常用另一种被动结构“get + 过去分词”。和“be + 过去分词”一样,“get + 过去分词”也能用于被动结构和系表结构,用于被动结构时,它强调动作的发生;用于系表结构时,它强调状态的变化。其用法及两者的区别从以下两个方面分述如下: 一、get被用来代替助动词be和过去分词连用,构成被动结构,表示某一事件或事故的发生,着重强调动作。 1.常见于以下两种情况: ①谈论某人或某物的客观遭遇,往往表示一种突然的、未曾料到的偶发事件或事故,如:Some glasses got broken when we were moving. 我们搬家的时候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。He got killed when he was crossing the road. 过马路时他被车撞死了。 ②谈论设法做到自己称心的事。当主语是人时,常可在get和过去分词之间插入一个反身代词,表示主语对动作的结果负有一定的责任,此时既含有被动意义,同时又含有主动意义,如: Our car gets cleaned about once every two months. 我们的车每两个月大约清洗一次。She got (herself) paid before she went on a holiday. 她在休假前(设法)领到了工资。 2.“get + 过去分词”与“be + 过去分词”在构成被动结构时的区别: ①前者多用于口语和非正式文体,而后者则可用于更多的场合。 ②前者侧重表示动作,而后者既可表动作又可表状态,有时有歧义,如: The chair got broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。(表动作) The chair was broken yesterday. 昨天这把椅子被弄坏了。(表动作)或??昨天这把椅子是坏的。(表状态) ③前者偶尔带表示动作执行者的by短语,而后者则有时带有时不带,如: My brother got hit by a stone. 我哥哥被一块石头击中了。 She got caught by the police. 她让警察给抓住了。 ④前者在表示强调,否定和疑问时需借助助动词do/does/did,而后者则不需,如: He didn’t get beaten yesterday evening. 他昨天晚上没挨打。 Did your letter get answered ? 你收到回信了吗? ⑤前者有时既可表示被动意义,又可表示主动意义;后者则只表示单纯的被动意义,如: I got (myself) invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间,我(设法)让人邀请参加了许多社交聚会。 I was invited to lots of parties last holidays. 上次休假期间,我应邀参加了许多社交聚会。 ⑥与助动词be相比,和get连用的过去分词仅限于少数,其中多数含有“不顺利;不愉快”之意,如: He got taught a lesson. 他被教训了一顿。 I got rained on as I was coming to work. 我来上班时遭到淋雨。 二、get作始动性连系动词,与多数都已形容词化了的过去分词连用,构成系表结构,表示状 的变化(即动作的结果),其中get表示一种状态向另一种状态过渡、变化的动作,其含义等于become; begin to be或come to be,如 1.常见于以下五种情况: ①表示使自己进入或变为某种状态,如: We don’t want any of you to get lost. 我们不想你们当中任何人迷路。

过去分词用法详解

过去分词的用法 一、构成:规则动词的过去分词是有动词原形+ed构成的,不规则动词则有各自构成。 二、基本特点:过去分词在句子中的基本用法有两点:1.与逻辑主语之间是被动关系 2.表示完成的动作 三、过去分词的用法: 1.作表语:过去分词作表语时,一般同时具备被动与完成的含义 例如:(1)The cup is broken.(2)He is retired. (3)After running,he is tired. 【注意】过去分词作表语时,已经变成形容词性质,主要表示主语的状态(被动完成),而被动语态则表示动作. 例如:(1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2)The cup is now broken. 茶杯碎了.(过去分词作表语,表示状态) 【注意】有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,表示“感到……” 用-ing 形式来修饰物,表示“令人……” 例如:The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 2.做定语 作定语用的过去分词其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1)单一过去分词作定语,常置于其所修饰的名词之前,称作前置定语。 例如:We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2)过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,相当于一个定语从句,称作后置定语。 例如:The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3)过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. 例如:The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 4)用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以修饰与人有关的表情,面貌,举止行为以及感觉等,这时不能用v-ing形式例如:The boy looked up with a pleased expression. His satisfied look showed that he had passed this exam. 3.作状语 作状语的过去分词在句子中多表示被动和完成两重含义。 1)时间状语:A.当和谓语动词动作同时发生时,一般仅表示被动,可以用when从句代替。 例如:Faced with difficulties,we shouldn’t withdraw for any excuse. B.当表示动作发生在谓语动词之前时,通常既表被动又表完成,可用after从句代替,也可用现在分词的被动完成形式代替。 例如:Caught by the police,the thief lay on the ground,crying and shouting. 2)原因状语:过去分词所表示的动作多有被动和完成两重含义。 例如:Written in a hurry, this article was not so good! 因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好. Welcomed by all the students,we expressed own true thanks to them.被全体同学欢迎,我们表达真挚的感激【注意】有些过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表被动而表主动.这样的过去分词及短语常见的有: lost (迷路); seated (坐); hidden (躲); stationed (驻扎); lost / absorbed in (沉溺于); born (出身于); dressed in (穿着); tired of (厌烦). 等,这种结构可以改写成一个because引导的主系表结构句子。 例如:Lost / Absorbed in deep thought, he didn't hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音. Tired of the noise,he decided to move to the country.因厌倦了噪音,他决定搬到农村去。 Dressed in an orange dress,she looked more beautiful than before.穿上橘红色连衣裙,她看起来比以前更美3)条件状语:作条件状语时,一般只表被动含义。相当于if引导的条件状语从句。 例如:Grown in rich soil, these seeds can grow fast. 如果种在肥沃的土壤里,这些种子能长得很快. 4)伴随情况:表示伴随谓语动词发生的另外动作,位于主语之后,用逗号隔开,可以同时表示被动与完成, 例如:The mother ran across the street,followed by her little son. 5)结果状语:表示发生在谓语动词后的动作,位于主句后用都逗号分开,也可以同时表示被动与完成。 例如:He listened to the hero’s story,moved to tears. 【注意】状语从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词,构成"连词+过去分词"结构作状语. 例如:When given a medical examination, you should keep calm. 当你做体格检查时要保持镇定.

过去分词作宾补

过去分词作宾补 1. Now when people refer to England you find Wales included as well. 2. Finally the English government tried in the early twentieth century to form the United Kingdo m by getting Ireland connected in the same peaceful government. 3. You find most of the population settled in the south. 4. They found the window broken. 5. ..., so Pingyu had a photo taken standing on either side of the line. 1. 及物动词的过去分词作宾语补足语与宾语在逻辑上常存在着被动关系,即宾语是过去分词动作的对象,表示被动意义或已完成意义,有时候两者兼而有之。补语表示宾语的动作、行为、状态、特性、身份等。 如:I heard my name called. 我听见有人叫我的名字。 When I opened the door, I found the ground covered by fallen leaves. 当我打开门时,我发现地面已被落叶所掩盖。 2. 不及物动词用作宾语补足语时,与宾语没有逻辑上的动宾关系,只表示动作的完成或状态。如: When I returned there, I found the bag gone. 当我返回那儿时,我发现包不见了。 They found all the guests gone when they woke up. 当他们醒来时,发现所有的客人都走了。 3. 过去分词常在下列情况下用作宾语补足语: (1) 在感观动词consider, feel, find, hear, listen to, notice, see, think, watch等后。 如:The tourists found the chairs occupied.旅行者们发现椅子有人坐了。He felt himself seized by a strong arm from behind. 他感到后面有一只强有力的手把他抓住了。 注:一些感官动词后可跟不带to的动词不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语,现在分词表示动作正在进行,不定式表示一个动作的全过程。如: When I came in, I found him lying in bed. 我进来时发现他躺在床上。 I saw him enter the house and go upstairs. 我看见他进了屋子上楼了。 (2) 表示思维活动的动词如consider, know, think等后。 如:I consider the matter settled. 我认为这件事解决了。 I thought myself wronged somehow in the bargain. 我认为自己在这场交易中有些受了愚弄了。 (3) 表示“爱憎、意愿;希望、要求、命令”的动词expect, hate, like, order, want, wish 等后。 如:Would you like it wrapped in brown paper, sir, or in white? 先生,你喜欢把它用棕色的还是白色的纸包上? I wanted two tickets reserved. 我要预定两张机票。 He didn’t wish it mentioned. 他不愿这事被提起。 (4) 表示“致使”或“保持(某状态)”的动词如get, have, keep, leave, make等后。 如:He got the watch repaired. 他请人把表修好了。 His new duties kept him occupied. 他的新职务使他无暇抽身。

过去分词的用法

过去分词的用法 1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 3. 过去分词作表语 1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如: Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。 He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。 2)及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,既表示被动, 又表示完成。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。 3)不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作 的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。 4)过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动 语态则表示动作。 The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态,表示动作) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语) 4. 过去分词作定语 1)单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。 The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。 =The people who were excited rushed into the building. 2)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。 =The suggestion that was made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 3)过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。 The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.

最新英语中过去分词的用法讲解

英语中过去分词的用法 过去分词的用法讲解如下: 过去分词的用法在英语语法中很是普遍。那么,如何正确的使用过去分词呢?我们来看看过 去分词的用法解析,只有了解了过去分词的用法,才能正确的运用和使用它。 一、基本概念 1. 分词的定义 动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。 2. 过去分词的语法作用: 过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词(相当于被动语), 在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。 1) 过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。如: Don’t touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的(它是被打坏的)。He is quite pleased with the design of the dress. 她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

2) 过去分词做定语: 单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。如: The excited people rushed into the building. 激动的人们奔进了大楼。(excited people 被 激动了的人) We need more qualified teachers. 我们需要更多合格的教师。(被资质认证过的老师,或经 过资质认证的老师。) 过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。如: Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗? The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出 来的建议被经理采纳了。 过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。如: The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。 The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。 3) 过去分词做状语: 过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析

分词作状语用法知识点详解和辨析 分词做状语,在我们的英语表达里有何用法与见解呢?以下是小编给大家带来分词作状语用法,以供参阅。 英语分词的形式非谓语动词主动形式被动形式意义 现在分词一般式doing being done与句中谓语动作几乎同时发生 完成式having donehaving been done先于句中谓语动作发生,强调时间先后 过去分词done-----------------与句中主语为逻辑上的被动,表完成 英语分词的意义在英语中,分词包括现在分词与过去分词两种形式,即-ing与-ed。一般情况下,从时态和语态两种角度来讲,现在分词表示主动、进行;而过去分词表示被动与完成。 对于分词的含义,我们从以下两组词语为例进行分析: 1)the sinking ship 正在下沉的船fallen leaves 落在地上的树叶\ the boiled water 凉白开水 1)从语态角度来看,现在分词表示主动含义,它与所修饰的名词构成主谓关系。the sinking ship 可以改写为the ship that is\ was sinking, 这里的ship相当于sink的逻辑主语。其次,从时态角度看,现在分词一般表示进行的动作,相当于一个进行时态;此外,它还可以表示一般的动作,相当于一个一般的时态。综上,现在分词的意

义有两种:主动进行的动作和主动一般的动作。 2)从语态角度来看,过去分词可以表示被动含义也可以表示主动含义,即动词不同则含义不同。及物动词的过去分词只有被动含义,如the boiled water=the water that was boiled \ the water that has been boiled. 而不及物动词没有被动只有主动,如the sunken ship= the ship that has sunken.但是不及物动词的过去分词出现频率较低,常见的过去分词多为及物动词的过去分词,表达被动含义。其次,从时态角度看,过去分词具有一般动作或完成动作的含义,相当于一般时态或完成时态。不及物动词只具有完成动作。 英语分词作状语的用法分词做状语时可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、方式、让步、伴随、比较。 四、分词作状语的原则:其逻辑主语必须和句子的主语保持一致。 常见分词作状语的情况举例: 表条件:Given more time, I would be able to complete the work. \ United we stand; divided we fall. (合则兴,分则亡) 表时间:Walking in the street,I saw him. 表原因:Getting hurt badly in the match, he has to stay at home. 表伴随:Watching the TV play, she burst out crying. 表让步:Having lived in China for years, he still cant speak Chinese well. 表结果:I went home, finding the door locked.

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