2013年考研系列——考研英语阅读常见一词多义
act, appeal, assume, claim, discipline, fair, figure, feature, issue,
note
1) Act
n. ①法案, 法令 ②动作, 举动 ③节目, (戏剧的) 幕
v. ①行动, 产生...的效果 ②担当 ③表演, 表现, 见效
(07-01) this success, coupled with later research showing that
memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude
that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an
intuitive one. （名）行为
这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。
(07-04) Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data
security.（动）行动
如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，那么监管人员就会采取行动。
(06-01) this turned shopping into a public and democratic act.
（名）行为
这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为
(96-02) The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 —
were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to
become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers,
and cutting costs and jobs. （名）法案
商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。
2) Appeal
n. ①请求, 呼吁 ②上诉 ③吸引力 (appealing: 有吸引力的)
v. ①求助, 诉求 ②控诉
(03-03) Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the
right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation
Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and
will work only in truly extreme cases. （动）上诉
如果客户感到他们被多收费，他们有权上诉到联邦政府的“陆路运输局”以争取价格下调。但这个过程耗财、耗时，并且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。
(99-04) NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to
privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by
body cell nuclear transfer.
（动词）呼吁
NBAC的成员明确表示，他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。
3) Assume /Assumption
v/n: ①假定, 设想 ②采取 ③呈现 ④承担
(05-01) Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the
underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this
finely developed sense of grievance. （名）假定，假设
这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。
(98-02) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity
revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real.
（动）认为
商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。
(97-02) As is true of any developed society, in America a
complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies
all social interrelationships.
（名）信念，假定
同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础。
4) Claim
v/n: ①索赔 ②声称 ③主张
(05-01) If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the
surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that
it represents good value. （动）宣称
如果你看到一种商品不断地打广告，我认为这是最可靠的证明，即此商品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定体现良好的价值。
(05-04) Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative
genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. （动）主张
同样的，对于诗歌来说，非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格成为了能够表达真实生动含义的唯一形式。
(01-05) A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my
professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high
profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government
minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time
with my family".（动）主张
一次平调伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰性地声称“我只想与家人更多的呆在一起”。
(00-05) In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have
claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. （动）声称
然而，恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理想。
(99-01) As personal injury claims continue as before, some
courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where
a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. （名）索赔
尽管个人伤害的索赔一如既往地继续着，但有些法庭已开始站到被告一方，特别是在处理那些有警示语也无法避免伤害的案件时。
(99-05) He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently
that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial
and business management that they are true. （名）主张
他所提出的种种主张是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于不仅他自己相信了，而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。
5) Discipline
n.①纪律 ②学科
n/v.训练
(96-03) The cruel discipline of the strike and lockout taught the
two parties to respect each other's strength and understand the value of
fair negotiation. （名）纪律
罢工和封厂的严酷惩罚使双方学会了互相尊重对方的力量，理解公正谈判的价值。
(96-04) With a mind prepared by thorough school discipline, the
American boy develops rapidly into the skilled workman. （名）训练
由于有了学校彻底训练过的头脑，美国孩子迅速地成为技术熟练的工人。
6) Fair
adj. ①(肤色)白皙的 ②(头发)金黄的 ③干净的 ④公平的⑤
(天气)晴朗的
n. 展览会, 市集
(07-03) During the past generation, the American middle-class
family that once could count on hard work and fair play to keep itself
financially secure had been transformed by economic risk and new
realties. （形容词）公平的
在过去的十几年里，美国那些曾经可以依靠辛勤劳动和公平竞争以维持其收入稳定的中产阶层家庭被经济风险和新现实改变了。
(03-02) For example, a grandmotherly woman staffing an animal
rights booth at a recent street fair was distributing a brochure that
encouraged readers not to use anything that comes from or is tested in
animals — no meat, no fur, no medicines. （名）集市
例如，在近期的一次集市上，一位老奶奶站在动物权利宣传点前散发小册子，规劝人们不要使用动物制品和动物实验制品——肉类，毛皮，药物。
7) Feature
n.①特色,特征 ②特写 ③容貌,
