2013年考研系列——考研英语阅读常见一词多义act, appeal, assume, claim, discipline, fair, figure, feature, issue, note
1) Act
n. ①法案, 法令②动作, 举动③节目, (戏剧的) 幕
v. ①行动, 产生...的效果②担当③表演, 表现, 见效
(07-01) this success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. （名）行为
这一成功，连同后来证明的记忆本身不是遗传决定的研究，使得埃里克森得出结论，即记忆过程是一种认知练习，而不是一种本能练习。
(07-04) Regulators will act if firms fail to provide adequate data security.（动）行动
如果公司没有提供适当的信息安全保护措施，那么监管人员就会采取行动。
(06-01) this turned shopping into a public and democratic act. （名）行为
这使得购物成为一种大众的、民主的行为
(96-02) The commercial TV channels — ITV and Channel 4 —were required by the Thatcher Government's Broadcasting Act to become more commercial, competing with each other for advertisers, and cutting costs and jobs. （名）法案
商业电视频道——ITV和第四频道——应撒切尔政府广播法案的要求进行商业化，彼此竞争广告业务，降低成本，裁减员工。
2) Appeal
n. ①请求, 呼吁②上诉③吸引力(appealing: 有吸引力的)
v. ①求助, 诉求②控诉
(03-03) Shippers who feel they are being overcharged have the right to appeal to the federal government's Surface Transportation Board for rate relief, but the process is expensive, time consuming, and
will work only in truly extreme cases. （动）上诉
如果客户感到他们被多收费，他们有权上诉到联邦政府的“陆路运输局”以争取价格下调。但这个过程耗财、耗时，并且只有在真正极端特殊的情况下才有作用。
(99-04) NBAC members also indicated that they would appeal to privately funded researchers and clinics not to try to clone humans by body cell nuclear transfer.
（动词）呼吁
NBAC的成员明确表示，他们呼吁由私人提供资金的研究人员和机构不要试图通过人体细胞核转移去克隆人。
3) Assume /Assumption
v/n: ①假定, 设想②采取③呈现④承担
(05-01) Such behavior is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlying assumption that other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense of grievance. （名）假定，假设
这种行为被看作是“人之长情”，其潜在的假定其他动物不可能具有如此高度发达的不公平意识。
(98-02) What is harder to establish is whether the productivity revolution that businessmen assume they are presiding over is for real. （动）认为
商人们自认为的他们所领导的生产力革命是否确有其事，这一点更加难以确定。
(97-02) As is true of any developed society, in America a complex set of cultural signals, assumptions, and conventions underlies all social interrelationships.
（名）信念，假定
同任何发达国家一样，一系列复杂的文化特征，信念和习俗构成了美国所有社会交往的基础。
4) Claim
v/n: ①索赔②声称③主张
(05-01) If you see an article consistently advertised, it is the
surest proof I know that the article does what is claimed for it, and that it represents good value. （动）宣称
如果你看到一种商品不断地打广告，我认为这是最可靠的证明，即此商品一定与其宣传名副其实，一定体现良好的价值。
(05-04) Equally, in poetry, the highly personal, performative genre is the only form that could claim real liveliness. （动）主张同样的，对于诗歌来说，非常个性化和富有表现力的创作风格成为了能够表达真实生动含义的唯一形式。
(01-05) A lateral move that hurt my pride and blocked my professional progress prompted me to abandon my relatively high profile career although, in the manner of a disgraced government minister, I covered my exit by claiming "I wanted to spend more time with my family".（动）主张
一次平调伤了我的自尊心，并阻断了我的事业发展，这促使我放弃自己地位较高的职业，当然，就像面子扫尽的政府部长那样，我也掩饰性地声称“我只想与家人更多的呆在一起”。
(00-05) In an odd way, however, it is the educated who have claimed to have give up on ambition as an ideal. （动）声称
然而，恰恰是那些受过良好教育的人却不可思议地声称他们已经放弃了雄心壮志这一理想。
(99-01) As personal injury claims continue as before, some courts are beginning to side with defendants, especially in cases where a warning label probably wouldn't have changed anything. （名）索赔
尽管个人伤害的索赔一如既往地继续着，但有些法庭已开始站到被告一方，特别是在处理那些有警示语也无法避免伤害的案件时。
(99-05) He has put forward unquestioned claims so consistently that he not only believes them himself, but has convinced industrial and business management that they are true. （名）主张
他所提出的种种主张是如此不容置疑、如此一致，以至于不仅他自己相信了，而且也说服了工商界的管理者相信其正确性。
5) Discipline
