第二部分模拟试题
吴伟仁《英国文学史及选读》模拟试题及详解（一）
I. Fill in the blanks
1. The fifteenth century has been traditionally described as the barren age in English literature. But it is the spring tide of English _______.
【答案】ballads
【解析】十五世纪英国歌谣开始兴起。
2. _______ is the representative among the writers of aestheticism and decadence. The Picture of Dorian Gray is a typical decadent novel written by him.
【答案】Oscar Wilde
【解析】奥斯卡·王尔德（Oscar Wilde）是19世纪末英国唯美派剧作家、诗人、小说家和文学批评家。《道林·格雷的画像》（The Picture of Dorian Gray）是王尔德最出色的作品，最为详细地阐述了他的颓废主义思想。
3. Thomas Hardy’s novel _______tells a story about a poor villager’s love affairs with a married school mistress named Sue.
【答案】Jude the Obscure
【解析】《无名的裘德》讲述的是一个穷村妇爱上了一个已婚女教师的故事。
4. Cordelia is a character in ______.
【答案】King Lear
【解析】Cordelia是莎士比亚著名悲剧《李尔王》中的李尔王最小的女儿。
5. Emma was written by .
【答案】Jane Austen
【解析】《爱玛》是简·奥斯汀较有影响的一部长篇小说。
II. Multiple Choice
1. _______ creative work vividly reflected the changes which had taken root in English culture of the second half of the 14th century.
A. Chaucer’s
B. Byron’s
C. Shelley’s
D. Eliot’s
【答案】A
【解析】乔叟的作品栩栩如生地反映了14世纪下半叶英国文化发生的变化。
2. “Marriage of Heaven and Hell” was written by .
A. Robert Burns
B. Christopher Marlow
C. Thomas Percy
D. William Blake
【答案】D
【解析】《天堂与地狱的婚礼》是英国前浪漫主义诗人布莱克的著名诗歌。
3. “Denmark is a prison.” In which play does the hero summarize his observation of his world into such a bitter sentence?
A. Charles I
B. Othello
C. Henry VIII
D. Hamlet
【答案】D
【解析】《哈姆雷特》是莎士比亚著名的四大悲剧之一，丹麦王子哈姆雷特目睹了国家统治阶级的残暴与黑暗，人民生活在水深火热之中，由此感慨道：“丹麦就是一座监狱。”
4.During the 1950s，there appeared a group of young writers in Britain who were fiercely critical of the established order. They were called _______.
A. Angry Young Fellows
B. Critical Young Writers
C. Angry Young Men
D. Cynical Young Writers
【答案】C
【解析】“Angry Young Men”来自于John Osborne的戏剧Look Back in Anger, 属
于这一群体的还有Kingsley Amis, John Wain, John Braine, Alan Sillitoe. 他们大多来自工人或低中等阶层，作品主要显示了生活的艰辛和黑暗，揭露了上层阶级的虚伪。
5. The epic of Paradise Lost is based on the stories from ______.
A. The New Testament
B. The Old Testament
C. The Ancient Greek Myths
D. The Ancient Roman Myths
【答案】B
【解析】《失乐园》的故事取材于《圣经·旧约》Genesis 3:1-24。
III. Explain the following term
1.blank verse
【答案】Blank verse:Blank verse is a type of poetry, distinguished by having a regular meter, but no rhyme. In English, the meter most commonly used with blank verse has been iambic pentameter （as used in Shakespearean plays）. The first known use of blank verse in the English language was by Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. Christopher Marlowe was the first English author to make full use of the potential of blank verse, and also established it as the dominant verse form for English drama in the age of Elizabeth I and James I. The major achievements in English blank verse were made by William Shakespeare, who wrote much of the content of his plays in unrhymed iambic pentameter, and Milton, whose Paradise
Lost was written in blank verse.
2. English Enlightenment
【答案】English Enlightenment：With the advent of the 18th century in England, there sprang into life a progressive intellectual movement known as the Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The enlighteners held the common faith in human rationality, eternal justice and natural equality. The great enlighteners in Britain were those great writers like Alexander Pope, Joseph Addison, Jonathan Swift and Samuel Johnson.
IV. Read the following quotations and answer the questions
Passage 1
“What now?” said Catherine, leaning back, and returning his look with a suddenly clouded brow—her humor was a mere vane for constantly varying caprices. “You and Edgar have broken my heart, Heathcliff! And you both come to bewail the deed to me, as if you were the people to be pitied! I shall not pity you, not I. You have killed me—thriven on it, I think. How strong you are! How many years do you mean to live after I am gone?”
Heathcliff had knelt on one knee to embrace her; he attempted to rise, but she seized his hair, and kept him down.
“I wish I could hold you,” she continued, bitterly, “till we were both dead! I shouldn’t care what you suffered. I car e nothing for your sufferings. Why
shouldn’t you suffer? I do! Will you forget me—will you be happy when I am in the earth? Will you say twenty years hence, That’s the grave of Catherine Earnshaw. I loved her long ago, and was wretched to lose her; but it is past. I’ve loved many others since—my children are dearer to me than she was, and, at death, I shall not rejoice that I am going to her, I shall be sorry that I must leave them!’ Will you say so, Heathcliff?.”
“Don’t torture me till I’m as mad as yourself,” cried he, wrenching his head free, and grinding his teeth.
Questions:
1. Where is it taken from?
【答案】It is taken from Emily Bronte’s masterpiece, Wuthering Heights.
2. Analyze the character of Heathcliff briefly.
【答案】①Heathcliff is a very complicated figure and his character undergo a significant change. At first, he is a passionate and innocent figure that deserves the readers’ sympathy. He is a lonely waif and he is maltreated by Hindley, jeered at by the Lintons, betrayed by Catherine, and tormented by the unobtainable love. ②After Catherine’s betrayal, he becomes rebellious, malicious and fascinates with his mad, heartless and almost inhuman revenge on all those around, whether responsible or not for his suffering. This reflects that revenge is destructive to both the avenger and the revenged.
1 William Shakespeare威廉?莎士比亚1564~1616 ①Historical plays: Henry VI ; Henry IV : Richard III ; Henry V ；Richard II；Henry VIII ②Four Comedies:
考试课程：英国文学史及选读考核类型：A 卷 考试方式：闭卷出卷教师: XXX 考试专业：英语考试班级：英语xx班 I.Multiple choice (30 points, 1 point for each) select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. 1._____，a typical example of old English poetry ,is regarded today as the national epic of the Anglo-Saxons. A.The Canterbury Tales B.The Ballad of Robin Hood C.The Song of Beowulf D.Sir Gawain and the Green Kinght 2._____is the most common foot in English poetry. A.The anapest B.The trochee C.The iamb D.The dactyl 3.The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, which one of the following is NOT such an event? A.The rediscovery of ancient Roman and Greek culture. B.England’s domestic rest C.New discovery in geography and astrology D.The religious reformation and the economic expansion 4._____is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. A.The Pilgrims Progress B.Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners C.The Life and Death of Mr.Badman D.The Holy War 5.Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is _____. A.science B.philosophy C.arts D.humanism 6.“So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,/So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.”(Shakespeare, Sonnets18)What does“this”refer to ? A.Lover. B.Time. C.Summer. D.Poetry. 7.“O prince, O chief of my throned powers, /That led th’ embattled seraphim to war/Under thy conduct, and in dreadful deeds/Fearless, endangered Heaven’s perpetual king”In the third line of the above passage quoted from Milton’s Paradise Los t, the phrase“thy conduct”refers to _____conduct. A.God’s B.Satan’s C.Adam’s D.Eve’s
英国文学史 I. Old English Literature & The Late Medieval Ages
《英国文学史及选读》第一册复习要点 1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此处可能会有填空，选择等小题） 2. Romance （名词解释） 3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthur’s story 4. Ballad（名词解释） 5. Character of Robin Hood 6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet) 7. Heroic couplet (名词解释)8. Renaissance（名词解释）9.Thomas More——Utopia 10. Sonnet（名词解释）11. Blank verse（名词解释）12. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene” 13. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推荐阅读，学习写正式语体的英文文章的好参照，本文用词正式优雅，多排比句和长句，语言造诣非常高，里面很多话都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一读） 14. William Shakespeare四大悲剧比较重要，此外就是罗密欧与朱立叶了，这些剧的主题，背景，情节，人物形象都要熟悉，当然他最重要的是Hamlet这是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要属sonnet18。（其戏剧中著名对白和几首有名的十四行诗可能会出选读） 15. John Milton 三大史诗非常重要，特别是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。对于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse写成的，故事情节来自Old Testament，另外要知道此书theme和Satan的形象。 16. John Bunyan——The Pilgrim’s Progress 17. Founder of the Metaphysical school——John Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images. 18. Enlightenment（名词解释） 19. Neoclassicism（名词解释） 20. Richard Steele——“The Tatler” 21. Joseph Addison——“The Spectator”这个比上面那个要重要，注意这个报纸和我们今天的报纸不一样，它虚构了一系列的人物，以这些人物的口气来写报纸上刊登的散文，这一部分要仔细读。 22. Steel’s and Addison’s styles and their contributions 23. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations 24. Jonathan Swift: “Gulliver’s Travels”此书非常重要，要知道具体内容，就是Gulliver游历过的四个地方的英文名称，和每个部分具体的讽刺对象; （我们主要讲了三个地方）“A Modest Proposal”比较重要，要注意作者用的irony 也就是反讽手法。 25. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature. 26. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 当然是Robinson Crusoe比较重要，剧情要清楚，Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蕴涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主义的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。 27. Samuel Richardson——“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison” 28. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一个和第三个比较重要，需要仔细看。他是一个比较重要的作家，另外Fielding也被称为father of the English novel. 29. Laurence Sterne——“Tristram Shandy”项狄传 30. Richard Sheridan——“The School for Scandal” 31. Oliver Goldsmith——“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted V illage” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy),
1.(1)Chaucer:He is the earlist writer of humanist thought .he is the first man use many common English word in his writing.His early influence as a satirist is also important.Chaucer was a man of immense knowledge, culture and experience. He wrote wittily and observantly and never boringly. He lived at a time when English was beginning to emerge in something resembling its present form, which makes him accessible to the modern reader. Chaucer's great achievement was to establish English as a major literary language. Nothing like his "Canterbury Tales" had been produced before in English and it is a masterpiece of characterisation and narrative. He is able to present them with a wonderfully detached but sympathetic eye .he also might have been continuing an English tradition that had evolved from the alliterative verse of the Middle Ages and reflected the 'natural' rhythms of English speech. 1.(2)MIlton:h e is political both in life and art.he is a militant pamphleteer of the English literature and the he is the greatest revolutionary poet of the 17th century;h e wrote the greatest epic in English literature,and he and Shakespeare have always been regard as two patterns of English verse;h e is a master of blank verse,he is the first man use in non-dramatic works;h e is a great stylist and famous for his grand style.h is sublimity of thought and majesty of expression have admired by many people. 2.
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄). ②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation. ③Romance: The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths. ④Epic: An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics. ⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》). ⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里.乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse. ⑦【William Langland威廉.朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】
The Renaissance Period Reference: 1) 16th century, Thomas More, “sheep devoured men”羊吃人的时代 2) At the beginning of the 16th century, absolute monarchy was formed in England. King Henry VIII broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries修道院and abbeys大修道院in the country, confiscated没收their lands and proclaimed himself head of the Church of England. 3) The absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. 4) Beginning of the 16th century, Thomas More, a outstanding humanist杰出的人文主义者, wrote Utopia in which he gave a profound and truthful picture of the people’s suffering and put forward his ideal of a future happy society. 5) In the 1st half of the 16th century, there appeared lyrical poems抒情诗by Thomas Wyatt怀亚特. Wyatt was the first to introduce the sonnet into English literature. In the 2nd half of the 16th century lyrical poetry became widespread in England. Famous lyrical and epic poets of the time were Philip Sidney菲利普?锡德尼, Thomas Campion托马斯?坎皮恩and Edmund Spenser埃德蒙?斯宾塞(
History and Anthology of English Literature Part One The Anglo-Saxon Period Beowulf Questions: 1.The earliest literature falls into two divisions ___________, and_______________. 2.Christianity brings England not only __________ and___________but also the wealth of a new language. 3.Who is Beowulf? And What is Beowulf? 4.How did Beowulf come into being? 5.Who is Grendel? And what is the result of Grendel?s fight with Beowulf? 6.How did the Jutes hold the funeral for him? Key points of this part: The most important work of old English literature is Beowulf------- the national epic of the English people. It is of Germanic heritage, perhaps the greatest Germanic epic and contains evidently pre-Christian elements existing at first in an oral tradition, the poem was passed from mouth to mouth for generations before it was written down. The manuscript preserved today was written in the Wessex tongue about 1000A.D., consisting altogether of 3183 lines. There are three episodes related to the career of Beowulf: 1.the fight with the monster, Grendel. 2.The fight with Grendel?s mother, a still more frightful she-monster. 3.The moral combat with the fire Dragon. The significance lies in the vivid portrayal of a great national hero, who is brave, courageous, selfless, and ever helpful to his people. There are three important features:: 1.Alliteration (words beginning with the same consonant sound). This is characteristic of all old English verse. 2.Metaphors and understatements. There are many compound words used in the poem to serve as indirect metaphors that are sometimes very picturesque. , e.g. “riging-giver”is used for King; “hearth-companions “for his attendant warriors; “Whale?s road” for the sea; “spear-fighter” for soldier etc. And as understatement we can see: “not troublesome”for welcome; “need not praise”for a right to condemn. This quality is often regarded as characteristic of the English people and their language. 3.Mixture of pagan and Christian elements: the observing of omen, cremation, blood-revenge, and the praise of worldly glory.
The 17th Century—The Period of Revolution and Restoration Reference: 1) The French influence was most marked in the drama. Rhymed couplets instead of blank verse,. Unities are important.用工整的对偶句代替以往的无韵诗，三一律也很重要。The comedies were coarse in language and their view of the relations between men and women was immoral and dishonest. 2) The literature in Restoration period was often witty and clever机敏睿智, but on the whole immoral and cynical颓废、愤世嫉俗. John Dryden(约翰?德莱顿)was the most distinguished literary figure of that time. John Donne约翰?多恩1572-1631 P114 the Metaphysical poet(玄学派诗人) Writing Styles:①extraordinary frankness坦诚的态度 ②Penetrating realism 对现实入木三分的描绘 ③Cynicism 愤世嫉俗的情绪 Metaphysical Poetry(玄学诗): the diction（用语，措词）is simple, the imagery is from the actual, the form(形式) is frequently an argument with the poet’s beloved, with god, or with himself.（主题：love, religious, thought）The essence of metaphysical poetry is the employment of conceits.巧智 Artistic features: 1) conceits or imagery奇思妙喻 2) syllogism三段论 Works: 1) Song 歌P116 （美女不信） √2) A Valediction: Forbidding Mourning 离别辞：节哀P117 （给临产妻子。关于爱情如圆规和黄金的比喻十分著名） 3)Sonnet: Death Be Not Proud 致死神P119 Definitions of important literary terms: 1)Conceit:Conceits used in Renaissance poetry mean a precise and detailed comparison of something more remote or abstract with something more present or concrete; and often detailed through a chain of metaphors or similes明喻. 2)Metaphysical Poetry: The poetry of John Donne and other seventeenth-century poets who wrote in a similar style. Metaphysical poetry is characterized by verbal wit 用词巧妙and excess, ingenious structure灵巧的结构, irregular meter韵律, colloquial language直白的语言, elaborates imagery精致奇特的想象, and a drawing together of dissimilar ideas. John Milton约翰?弥尔顿1608~1674 P120 （诗人、政论家;失明后写《失乐园》、《复乐园》、《力士参孙》） Works: 1) Paradise Lost 失乐园P122 2) On His Blindness 失明述怀p128 (This sonnet is written in iambic pentameter rhymed in abba abba cde cde, typical of Italian sonnet. Its theme is that people use their talent for God, and they serve him best who can endure the suffering best.) 3) On His Deceased Wife 梦亡妻p128 John Bunyan约翰?班扬1628~1688 P130 （代表作《天路历程》，宗教寓言，被誉为“具有永恒意义的百科全书”，是英国文学史上里程碑式著作。与但丁的《神曲》、奥古斯丁的《忏悔录》并列为世界三大宗教题材文学杰作。）Puritan poet(清教徒派诗人)